#pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Detecting NDM-1 Gene in MBL-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria always remain a great challenge. The latest threat being New Delhi Metallobetalactamase-1 (NDM-1) a superbug has brought notoriety to Indian Health care. NDM-1 refers to the transmissible genetic element encoding multiple resistant genes, first isolated from a strain of Klebsiella spp. in New Delhi, India, which has the ability to hydrolyse beta lactams and carbapenams. Detection of NDM-1 gene in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas isolates from various clinical samples. 200 Pseudomonas species were isolated in Microbiology laboratory during one year period were included in the study. Samples were processed as per Standard operating procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results were interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. MBL detection was done, by using EDTA Double Disc Synergy Test and Imipenem [I]-EDTA Combined Disc Test. MBL positive isolates were subjected to conventional PCR for genotyping & detection of NDM-1. A cross sectional descriptive study. Out of 12545 samples that were received in microbiology laboratory, 299 Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli [NFGNB] were isolated of which 200 were speciated as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 20/200 [10%] were resistant to imipenem and 24/200 [12%] to meropenem. 10% of isolates showed MBL positive. NDM-1 gene was not detected in any of the 20 MBL positive isolates. NDM-1 gene since its origin has caused chaos in the health care facility with its ability to cause various infections. Detection is possible only with molecular methods. Thus gene detection plays a pivotal role in patient treatment and reduction of hospital stay. (Pseudomonas, multidrug resistant, New Delhi Metallobetalactamase-1, super bugs).
Introduction
Pseudomonas aeruginosa a gram-negative bacterium is one of the leading causes of health care associated infections. Multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a growing concern. Multi drug resistant bacteria are defined as isolates that show intermediate or resistance to at least three drugs in the following classes: beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.(1) Reported rates of multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa varies from 0.6-32% based on geographic location and type of surveillance study.(2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antibiotics like ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxim which is attributed to its production of ß-lactamases.(3) Indiscriminate use of antibiotics, heavy antibiotic pressure further accentuates the mutations in genes coding for ß-lactamase enzymes. This results in the fabrication of new ß-lactamases with wider ranges of activity. The emergence of New Delhi Metallobetalactamase-1 (NDM-1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a superbug, is a potential threat to human health. Among clinically significant carbapenamases, NDM-1 is the biggest menace. It significantly hydrolyses beta-lactams and carbapenems. NDM-1 producing strains exhibit multidrug resistant profile because they also harbor genes that encode for resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.(4)(5)
This mixed bag of rapidly emerging antimicrobial resistant organisms and increasing rates of healthcare infections has always drawn the attention of clinical microbiologists and thus put us under an obligation to detect these resistance mechanism at the earliest. Emerging ‘Superbugs or Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR)’ pathogens have always been an enduring hitch in the health care settings and also challenges the effectiveness and usefulness of even most potent antibiotics. (6)Knowledge of NDM and its prevalence is essential because P. aeruginosa with intrinsic colonization capacity has the ability to persist in the hospital environment for indefinite periods but there is paucity of such reports. Hence the present study was undertaken as a pilot project to detect the NDM-1 gene in multi drug resistant Pseudomonas species, because determination of resistance mechanism helps to formulate efficient antibiotic policy and infection control protocols for holistic health care.
Objectives 1) Identification of pseudomonas species from various clinical isolates 2) Detection of their antimicrobial resistance 3) Detection of MBL production by screening tests 4) Detection of NDM-1 gene in the MBL positive isolates
Source : NDM-1 gene detection from Metallobeta lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A pilot study from a teritiary care centre
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Revolutionizing Pathogen Detection: INDICAL's Solution for Taylorella equigenitalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
In the realm of healthcare and biosafety, accurate and efficient pathogen detection is of paramount importance. Timely identification of infectious agents plays a critical role in preventing the spread of diseases and implementing appropriate treatment strategies. INDICAL, a leading biotechnology company, is at the forefront of revolutionizing pathogen detection with its innovative solutions. Particularly, INDICAL has made significant strides in the detection of three notorious pathogens: Taylorella equigenitalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Taylorella equigenitalis, a bacterium primarily affecting horses, can cause contagious equine metritis (CEM), a highly transmissible reproductive disease. Traditional diagnostic methods for Taylorella equigenitalis often involve lengthy culturing processes and specialized laboratory techniques. However, INDICAL has developed a groundbreaking solution that simplifies the detection process and dramatically reduces the time required for diagnosis. By utilizing advanced molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, INDICAL's innovative approach enables rapid and accurate identification of Taylorella equigenitalis, allowing for timely intervention and containment of CEM outbreaks.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a multidrug-resistant bacterium responsible for various infections, including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections. Rapid identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their resistance patterns is crucial in guiding appropriate antibiotic treatment. INDICAL's solution employs cutting-edge technologies like whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to swiftly identify the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and determine its antibiotic resistance profile. By providing clinicians with actionable information in real-time, INDICAL empowers healthcare professionals to make informed decisions and combat the challenges posed by multidrug-resistant infections effectively.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile pathogen known for causing severe hospital-acquired infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics further complicates treatment. INDICAL has developed an innovative diagnostic platform that utilizes high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics algorithms to rapidly detect and characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This comprehensive approach not only identifies the pathogen but also reveals vital genetic information, such as virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. By leveraging these insights, healthcare providers can implement targeted treatment strategies, improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections.
INDICAL's revolutionary solutions for Taylorella equigenitalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection mark a significant advancement in the field of pathogen identification. The company's dedication to leveraging the latest technologies, such as molecular diagnostics, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis, has paved the way for faster and more accurate detection methods. By enabling healthcare professionals to swiftly identify these pathogens and their key characteristics, INDICAL's solutions empower them to take proactive measures, including implementing appropriate treatment regimens and infection control measures.
As the threat of emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance continues to grow, the importance of rapid and accurate pathogen detection cannot be overstated. INDICAL's commitment to innovation and their state-of-the-art solutions for Taylorella equigenitalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection position them at the forefront of combating infectious diseases and improving patient care. With their groundbreaking technologies, INDICAL is revolutionizing pathogen detection and playing a pivotal role in safeguarding public health.
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A loosely defined group of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provides several beneficial services to growing plants (Figure 23.4).
"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.
#book quotes#plant physiology and development#nonfiction#textbook#plant growth promoting rhizobacteria#pgpr#pseudomonas aeruginosa#rhizobacteria#abiotic stress#biotic stress#soil bacteria
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Pseudocaramelo... ❤🧫🍬
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anyone else work with a specific pathogen for so long that it's no longer a infectious agent to you .. like that's my coworker
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ISO 22717 - Cosmetics - Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Test
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Late on this one: if you have someone with Cystic Fibrosis in your household, *and* a bottle of Pine-Sol, check this recall. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of course. That fucker.
https://thegrio.com/2022/10/26/clorox-recalls-37-million-bottles-of-pine-sol-products/
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A Healthy Glow: the Boom in Skin Structure Infection Therapeutics
The market for treatments for skin and skin structure infections is in good health. Over the past five years, it has grown at a compound rate of over 7%, and there are signs that it will continue to grow until 2019. The major growth areas are predicted by GlobalData after an analysis of the sector.
The skin and skin structure infections (SSSI) market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.3% from $1.7 billion in 2006 to $2.4 billion in 2011, according to a GlobalData analysis. The market is expected to continue growing at a lower rate of 0.8% CAGR to $2.5 billion in 2019.
This progress can be attributed to an increase in the elderly population and a specific rise in the number of immunocompromised patients. Growth is also driven by the introduction of new antibiotics with better safety and efficacy profiles than the existing antibiotics, to which patients have developed resistance.
Five brand-name antibiotics account for the strength of the current SSSI therapeutics market: Teflaro is ceftaroline fosamil, Zyvox is linezolid, Cubicin is daptomycin, Vibativ is telavancin, Tygacil is tigecycline, and so on. Generic antibiotics like vancomycin, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and others are also available on the market. It is anticipated that Teflaro, a fifth-generation cephalosporin that was recently introduced in the United States, will significantly boost competition in the future.
Additionally, the efficacy and safety profiles of the currently available treatments for SSSI are favorable. However, a source of concern is the emergence of resistance as a result of the inappropriate administration of antibiotics to SSSI patients.
As a result, we welcome the anticipated approval of new medications like Tedizolid phosphate, also known as torezolid phosphate. The drug, which is expected to get approval from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) soon, has better efficacy and safety profiles than other drugs for treating SSSI, making it a promising future player.
In the global market for SSSI therapeutics, Pfizer, Theravance, Cubist, and Forest Pharmaceuticals are the top players, while Zyvox and Cubicin are the top drugs. For the next three to four years, it is anticipated that they will keep their position.
Demand and supply The SSSI therapeutics pipeline is robust, containing novel first-in-class molecules and best-in-class molecules that are currently in the late stages of clinical development. As of December 2011, 67 molecules were in various stages of clinical development in the pipeline. Five molecules make up Phase III, 16 molecules make up Phase II, and ten molecules make up Phase I. Based on their mechanism of action, the molecules can be divided into 39 first-in-class molecules, seven best-in-class molecules, and four product extensions.
The most promising molecule on the way is the tedizolid phosphate from Trius. Tedizolid was found to be effective in clinical trials in elderly patients as well as complicated and uncomplicated patients with co-morbid conditions like renal impairment and mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment. Additionally, it demonstrated superior linezolid compliance and superior safety and efficacy profiles. As a result of these factors, it is anticipated that the medication will soon be used to treat acute bacterial SSSI.
The SSSI market has a significant need that hasn't been met. Infections that are multidrug-resistant (MDR) pose a risk to patients and are associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality than in the past. Most importantly, multi-drug resistance restricts the number of treatment options for life-threatening bacterial infections.
Vancomycin Intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), two new strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have emerged, making it possible for new players to take advantage of the expanding commercial opportunities in SSSI therapeutics. Another significant clinical need in the market is drug-resistant infections acquired in hospitals. New antibiotic therapies that are effective against existing strains will frequently gain acceptance in the SSSI therapeutics market because existing strains have developed resistance to the antibiotics that are currently available.
Due to their impact on hospitalization rates and intravenous antibiotic use, SSSIs are becoming a growing source of concern for both patients and healthcare professionals. Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria are the pathogens that cause SSSI. There are two types of bacterial skin infections.
A variety of bacterial skin infections, such as cellulitis, erysipelas (superficial cellulitis), carbuncles, and impetigo, are referred to as "uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection." Staphylococcus aureus and group-A streptococci are the most prevalent uSSSI-causing organisms. Although the exact prevalence of SSSIs in the United States is unknown, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the annual incidence of disease caused by group-A streptococcal infection is rising in workplaces, hospitals, and schools.
The most frequently treated infection in a hospital setting is a complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI). Antimicrobial therapy combined with surgical intervention is the most common treatment. The clinical setting, the location of the infection, and the patient's previous medical history all influence the potential pathogens involved in cSSSIs. Resistance to pathogens has also grown.
The global SSSI therapeutics market will be driven by a growing elderly and immunocompromised population. Men and the elderly are more likely to get bacterial infections, and they are also more likely to get them in healthcare and community settings because hospital stays last longer and are more frequent. Additionally, an increase in the number of patients with suppressed immune systems has resulted in an increase in the number of patients who develop cSSSIs.
The average number of days that patients spend in the hospital has also gone up. The likelihood of getting a bacterial infection is directly proportional to the length of the visit. A patient's stay may be prolonged if the antibiotics they receive are not used appropriately. In the not-too-distant future, the increased number of patients will result in an increase in the average number of hospital stays and the cost of SSSI.
Until recently, SSSI was primarily a hospital-acquired infection; however, as the prevalence of SSSI in the community has increased, SSSI has emerged as one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Multi-drug-resistant bacteria have emerged as a result of the widespread use of a small number of medications to treat SSSI, creating a significant clinical need for new antibiotics in the SSSI therapeutics market.
In the SSSI therapeutics market, there will be more generic competition as a result of drugs like Zyvox (linezolid) and Tygacil (tigecycline) expiring their patents. Pharmaceutical companies may see a low return on investment in the creation of antibiotics as a result of the widespread availability of generics. As a result, total revenue may fall. The SSSI market's total revenue will be affected by Zyvox, Tygacil, and Cubicin's patent expirations during the forecast period.
Hospitals are required to keep track of the number of patients who acquire bacterial infections while they are in the hospital and to record the cause of the infection (catheter-associated, surgical instrument-associated). Regulatory authorities impose stringent antibacterial regulations on hospitals. The rate of increase in these incidences has been the subject of numerous studies. As a result, hospitals are taking preventative measures that are lowering infection rates. The SSSI market is likely to suffer as a result of increased hospital surveillance.
In the healthcare setting, a problem exists when resistant bacterial species like MRSA, VISA, and VRSA gradually evolve. New antibiotics that are effective against these resistant species are still needed. Cubicin and Tygacil, however, are the only two novel antibiotics that have been approved thus far. Currently in development, only a small number of molecules appear to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The cSSSI therapeutics market presents a significant unmet need. New players will have the chance to profit from the expanding commercial scope of the SSSI therapeutics market as a result of the evolution of VISA and VRSA. Another significant clinical need in the SSSI therapeutics market is drug-resistant infections acquired in hospitals.
New antibiotic therapies that are effective against these strains will gain frequent acceptance in the SSSI therapeutics market once they are launched because existing Gram-positive bacteria strains have developed resistance to the antibiotics that are currently available. The most significant drug-resistant pathogens that have been the focus of antibacterial R&D activity in recent years are MRSA and VRSA.
Gram-positive cocci from a patient's own skin flora are the majority of the pathogens that cause the condition. However, the Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria that are associated with the site and source of infection are what distinguish cSSSIs. If antibiotic therapy is required, it should be started right away. Patients who exhibit signs and symptoms of cSSSI must be admitted to a hospital.
Patients are experiencing higher rates of morbidity and mortality than in the past and are at risk of contracting MDR infections. MDR restricts the therapeutic options for life-threatening, serious bacterial infections.
Antibiotics are resistant to some Gram-positive pathogens, and the rapidly expanding mycobacterium has also shown resistance. However, only daptomycin and tigecycline have been approved in the past five years to be effective against these bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
Unmet need is also increased by MDR Gram-negative bacteria, and only one new drug has been approved in the last ten years. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections Drugs Development Market, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii are all members of the Gram-negative bacterium. As the number of severe skin infections caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Gram-negative organisms rises, novel molecules capable of controlling them are required.
Serious infections, immunosuppression, neurological problems, and cardiac problems are among the side effects of taking a lot of antibiotics.
Six approved therapies, including Teflaro, which was recently approved in the United States, and numerous generic drugs make up the majority of the marketed products in the SSSI therapeutics market. The long duration of treatment for cSSSI patients drives up therapy costs. In this market, a novel molecule with superior efficacy against MDR strains of S. aureus may be able to command a premium price. Because price would be a potential point of leverage, higher levels of efficacy and safety may also be able to capture a portion of the market.
A number of market segments are likely to switch to new products that are safer and more effective. In the SSSI therapeutics market, the unmet need is significant, as demonstrated above.
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The global pseudomonas aeruginosa infection treatment market is expected to reach US$ 2.5 Bn at a CAGR of 6.6 % from 2022 to 2031
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The global pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment market is expected to cross USD 7.5 billion by 2027. It can achieve growth at ra CAGR of 7% over the forecast peiod. It stood at USD 1 billion in 2018. Development of suitable vaccines for fighting non-communicable and hereditary diseases is likely to drive the market demand. For instance, antibody tests for testing the strength of pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis can used to determine the strength of vaccines. Huge prevalence of
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A new research report titled "Global Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections Drugs market" successfully exhibits the complete scenario of the global and an individual analysis of the various regional segments.
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Chase - Dottore x reader
Note: Same reader as Tomorrow and Settling in. All of this is just stuff that will never make it into my long fic because those guys don't get to have the happiness these two will get. Keep this out of character ai bots or I'm spreading Pseudomonas aeruginosa in your garden.
Tags: fem reader, reader from Fontaine, she works under him, anger, talk of murder, weapon, angst?
MINORS, AGELESS, BLANK BLOGS DNI
"Doctor? I need to ask you a question," her voice was a far cry from the usual sharpness.
Dottore laid his pen down before taking in her face. It was uncanny how easily her voice could halt his thoughts. Faint traces of salt lingered along her cheeks, but worse still were her eyes. He motioned for her to continue, unwilling to break the delicate silence.
"Why do you pursue knowledge?"
That caused him to pause. She should know, by all means, it was a fact well known throughout the Fatui. But if she needed to hear, there was no harm repeating himself. It was a quiet day after all.
"As you know, there is a discrepancy between what information we, as inhabitants of this world, are allowed to possess and-"
"That wasn't my question," she hadn't snapped at him like that before.
He couldn't help but scrunch his nose in distaste as he briefly considered reprimanding her. The way her flame had wavered during the last month hadn't been lost on him.
Too many nights she would stay long past what was necessary, his segments conveying that they'd found her collapsed atop her desk, freezing cold and difficult to rouse.
"Pose your question better."
"What drives you? What do you want to see at the end of this? I guess," her words faltered when she finally arrived at the right question. "What do you feel when you achieve a goal?"
"A sense of satisfaction from unraveling a mystery, from solving a problem, accompanied of course by a barrage of new objectives to pursue"
His eyes flickered up to her and he found his hand reaching for the mask, diverting the movement to run his fingers through his hair instead. At the first sound of her quiet sniffles he turned his head away, crossing one leg over the other. Something so foreign and so desperately familiar was taking root.
"I feel.. I feel nothing. Like some pitiful ghost that can't move on. And I hate myself for it. Because it means they were right," her voice grew more frantic along with her sobs.
She'd begun pacing back and forth in front of the desk, the force of her steps making his pens rattle in their cup. Dottore felt it in his bones.
"I killed all those people, and it felt so good while they clawed out their eyes. So why is it so empty now? I proved myself, proved that I could, my idea worked a-and they're all dead for doubting me!"
Her frantic laughter rang through the room, making his hands tighten around the armrests. There was nothing he would say to console her, knowing there were only two options from here. It was not something to be driven by another's hand.
"It's not fair!"
The worn desk creaked with the force of her fists bearing down upon it. When he looked upon her again tears adorned her cheeks, and for a moment there was an itch to reach out and brush them away. Run a finger along her bottom lip, swollen from how she'd been chewing on it. Like so much else, it never became more than a simple fantasy.
"Did you expect to bury your troubles along with their bodies?"
"I-.. Well, yes. Obviously."
He had to bite back a chuckle, the hesitation in her voice confirmed his suspicion. She did know better than that. Taking a life out of vengeance was one thing, but living with the consequences was an entirely different issue.
With a small sigh, Dottore reached forward towards where she was leaning over the table, head hanging in defeat. He caught the longing in her eyes when she noticed the approaching hand. It was difficult not to wince when the look was replaced with disappointment when his gloved hand pulled a few things back from the edge.
"You knew it wouldn't make me feel any better," venom laced your words, unsurprising but still unpleasant to hear.
"Yes."
At least her crying had ceased, reduced to nothing but faint sniffles while she rubbed at her eyes. Her voice had risen in pitch, the sound uncomfortably invasive.
"You let me work myself to near-death knowing it was for nothing?"
"We now have a terrifying new weapon in our arsenal, and I'm sure you can improve upon it. I'll get one of the segments working on something to more efficiently deliver it, perhaps we should-"
Dottore tilted his head to the side, narrowly avoiding the pen she'd thrown at him. For a moment, everything stood still as he awaited her next action. There was nothing but the faint sound of his heel repeatedly hitting the ground. Had he misjudged her?
"You absolute bastard, you.. you.."
It was difficult to remain a spectator when the realization became comically clear in her expression. Oh he hadn't misjudged her at all. She knew. What had transpired was entirely by her own choice.
A small curse passed his lips when she threw a mug onto the floor, porcelain shattering alongside her resolve. There was barely time to stop her when she stormed out of the laboratory. Perhaps a segment could check on her later.
#dottore x reader#il dottore x reader#zandik x reader#genshin impact x reader#crow with a pen#dottore x fem reader#x female reader
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Ella Balasa was 26 when she realized the routine medical treatments that sustained her were no longer working. The slender lab assistant had lived since childhood with the side effects of cystic fibrosis, an inherited disease that turns mucus in the lungs and other organs into a thick, sticky goo that gives pathogens a place to grow. To keep infections under control, she followed a regimen of swallowing and inhaling antibiotics—but by the beginning of 2019, an antibiotic-resistant bacterium lodged in her lungs was making her sicker than she had ever been.
Balasa’s lung function was down to 18 percent. She was feverish and too feeble to lift her arms over her head. Even weeks of intravenous colistin, a brutal last-resort antibiotic, made no dent. With nothing to lose, she asked a lab at Yale University whether she could volunteer to receive the organisms they were researching: viruses that attack bacteria, known as bacteriophages.
That January, Balasa trundled to New Haven from her home in Virginia, burdened with both an oxygen concentrator and doubts over whether the treatment might work. Every day for a week, she breathed in a mist of viruses that biologist Benjamin Chan, scientific director at Yale’s Center for Phage Biology and Therapy, had isolated for their ability to attack Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the multi-drug-resistant bug clogging Balasa’s lungs.
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It's not the best "microbiology" art, but it has a very interesting background. Two bacteria from two different clinical cases were inoculated on the TSCB medium. This metallic blue spilling bacterium is of course Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The yellow one (positive reaction on TSCB medium) is Vibrio metschnikovii isolated from chronic UTI in a dog. It was an unusual microbiological diagnosis. But what can you do when even your dog has a better holiday than you?
Problems with urination (in this dog) began just after returning from the Mediterranean, the owners and the dog intensively used the charms of warm and salty water.
#veterinary#veterinarymedicine#veterinaryjobs#laboratory#microbiology#microbiologist#jobapplication#bacteriology#examination#numbers#lookingforjob#microscope#urinarytractinfection#art#rarediseases#i.o.a.g.
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