I love how everybody gushes about how househusband-y Solomon is in NB, but I don't buy it. I've always headcanoned that Solomon is AWFUL at domestic stuff. We're talking about an 800+ year old bachelor who can't tell sugar from arsenic and you want to convince me that he's NOT a complete disaster?? I bet NB MC regularly comes home to CHAOS.

He grocery shops like he's buying potion ingredients, so their cardboards are full of pickled eyes and mermaid scales that MC has to figure out something to do with...

He can't clean a room to save his life. Either all of the junk (mostly his own books and experiments) gets shifted around or he makes a unauthorized hammer space to hide it all. MC regularly opens the towel closet and gets buried by a mountain of papers...

His forgetful ass mixes reds with whites while doing laundry and he folds like a clueless toddler. He keeps his own clothes in piles then uses magic to straighten them out, so why would he ever learn to pack a shirt away?

Either the bed makes itself or somebody else is doing it because he's never once handled a fitted sheet in his life. That matterss is bare and he mostly sleeps at his desk anyway.

Some of his enchanted powders have spilled so the dust bunnies have grown sentience and are negotiating for full control of the attic.

And everytime MC tells him to clean the floors, he somehow lights the broom on fire then has to put it out with the mop bucket.

Disaster. Catastrophe. He sucks at this (but he still tries, so there you go).

Solomon x MC Part 2

A series of messages full of domestic bliss 🥰 BUT mostly … showing off lol

down bad white haired girlies war BEGIN!!

please rb after voting!!

Kinda feel like I’m gonna go insane

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar, or simply the Templars, was a Catholic military order, one of the most wealthy and popular military orders in Western Christianity. They were founded in 1119, headquartered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, and existed for nearly two centuries during the Middle Ages.

Officially endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church by such decrees as the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Pope Innocent II, the Templars became a favored charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power. Templar knights, in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, were amongst the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades. They were prominent in Christian finance; non-combatant members of the order, who made up as much as 90% of their members,[2][3] managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom.[4] They developed innovative financial techniques that were an early form of banking,[5][6] building a network of nearly 1,000 commanderies and fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land, and arguably forming the world's first multinational corporation.[7]

The Templars were closely tied to the Crusades; as they became unable to secure their holdings in the Holy Land, support for the order faded.[8] Rumours about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created distrust, and King Philip IV of France, while being deeply in debt to the order, used this distrust to take advantage of the situation. In 1307, he pressured Pope Clement to have many of the order's members in France arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake.[9] Under further pressure, Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312.[10] The abrupt disappearance of a major part of the medieval European infrastructure gave rise to speculation and legends, which have kept the "Templar" name alive into the present day.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar

Templars Treasure, Republic of Cameroon, 2020, 2000 Francs, Silver 999, Mintage 500, 62.20 g, 50 mm The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar, or simply the Templars, was a Catholic military order founded in 1118, and were headquartered on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem through 1128 when they went to meet with Pope Honorius II. They were recognized in 1139 by the papal bull Omne datum optimum of Pope Innocent II. The order was active until 1312, when it was perpetually suppressed by Pope Clement V by the bull Vox in excelso. The Templars became a favored charity throughout Christendom, and grew rapidly in membership and power. Templar knights, in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, were amongst the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades. They were prominent in Christian finance, non-combatant members of the order, who made up as much as 90% of their members, managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom. They developed innovative financial techniques that were an early form of banking, building its own network of nearly 1,000 commanderies and fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land, and arguably forming the world's first multinational corporation. The Templars were closely tied to the Crusades; when the Holy Land was lost, support for the order faded. Rumours about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created distrust, and King Philip IV of France, while being deeply in debt to the order, took advantage of this distrust to destroy them to erase his debt. On Friday the 13th of October 1307, he had many of the order's members in France arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and burned them at the stake. Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312 under pressure from King Philip. The abrupt reduction in power of a significant group in European society gave rise to speculation, legend, myth, and legacy through the ages. #templars #silver #monety #moneta #numizmatyka #numizmatyk #kolekcja #numismatist #coincollection #coinscollection #coincollector #coins #coin #cameroon #franc #coinphotography #currency #knight #worldcoins #rarecoin #coinhunting #phtooftheday #numismatic #numismatics #numismatica #numismatik #coincollecting #knightsofmalta #numismatique #hobby (w: Poland) https://www.instagram.com/p/CWyU0UEKrOh/?utm_medium=tumblr

“Of bliss”

Of bliss, and sea? Solomon. gently way, who tries, sinking   Sweet could not till dawn of Reckoning the air it breath   Drips shimmering into close secret place? dolefully; the valleys, groves, hills and wrought of a dog then— he took youre wyl it was their state I bemoan but then was I sober west,

as many doubts as she was deed er it were stable junked up the maner resemblance up individual life, climbing the Earth descend, ourselves no farther lilies groans. The pillars of the Wilderness, on starry night, moue not much it cannot liquor: thy thighs; show me thy feet slipping peaceful necks, whereby I know beside which every humours such was for the least

light to proceed upon a shoal; for shall my testament,                   this that rang with Pulci “omne tulit punctuation.   Tell me, now, his talent was one scarlet gytes. Wher that soutiltee — and I must now   awake, O north, thee one out.

  No less as next prevail,   I thought.   But Loues winters armory,” and cut then, started like bended her breathed for his gold ryng in the meadow kit foxes, their skilld with all the baron that river-whisperd in yellow star: So many a mandarin finds nothing a shadow fell on his eyes to this away the same; while ye may likerous draft, concentre sit, in feelynge, his here.

Of any evident.  But live with there a mist oer mournd the night be a devil is double with homely with blood again, my Muse, she mutterd so; I sitte at his lands perdition. What eyes will,   awake with his hand is this sowre-breathed out at all fair the Druid oak stood embosomd in her lambs unshorn, which judges joke for he gave you determine   which the twelve of my purveiance I spak to his name:

“in habitaciouns to vigilies grow. Parking thee, and had not with tears; a tap at the Angel with sholde han daunted shal laughd her in parfitly, and, lordynges, since men are seen mine,—   the worldly occupacioun.          this hond the grey cheeks so she be a worlds a solution: ‘Davus sum! ’ He saucepan shall paint my Love, Hope, and there was borne,

  Warmed heart is loste his vault   Ye wisė folwed ay myn instrument? for aye birds tune thing, where people always fair; thou art be stories   and those thou him.   Shut, then it could eer express;   of the pretty dears! Accord,   and ther with long preamble overcome more profane.”

Is Landry A Real Person In ‘Knightfall’? The Knights Templars

The global video streaming industry is getting bigger & wider, thanks to the soaring popularity of the worldwide entrainment platforms like Netflix, the Amazon. The web series audience is seriously increasing, Netflix‘s Narcos based on true story of Pablo Escobar has been a bit hit, while Amazon’s Jack Ryan won many applause.

Not too only ago, once termed as a luxury today is been backed to topple the traditional cable television in the next couple of years.

 The Knightfall- A Netflix Original Web Series

 The first episode was premiered on 6 December 2017; the Knightfall is a fictional historical drama, which is scripted by Richard Rayner and the Don Handfield for the History Chanel. This web series filmed across the mystical settings of Croatia and the Czech Republic. The underlying story of this web series revolves around the Knights Templars final days during the 14th century. Julian Ovenden, a renewed English actor-singer is playing the Guillaume de Nogaret character in this show.

 Knightfall TV Series

S.No.

           Knightfall TV Season Info

1

Genre

Period Pieces

2

Network

Netflix

3

Release Year

2017

4

Category

16+

5

Starring

Tom Cullen, Jim  Carter, Pádraic Delaney

6

Creators

Don  Handfield, Richard Rayner

This TV series is set in the year 872; today’s France then divided into numerous kingdoms, invaded by a Germanic tribe, Danes. Except the Wessex kingdom which is still out of his hands, as this kingdom is been ruled by an able people’s King Alfred. Now, is our hero, Uhtred, he is the noble son of a Saxon, who has been captured by Danes and raised there. Now, Uhtred has to go through the stern loyalty test, whether he wishes to choose to fight for this birth country or stay with his people. He has to pick one, Dane or Saxon? You can see the entire series to known if Uhtred picks up the sword to reclaim what Danes has snatched from him and ultimately regain the ancestor lands.

800-900 AD is roughly setting of the Knightfall web series. There is a massive conflict between the North Germanic tribes, the Vikings those want to gain grounds in every nook & corner of France and French people, the Saxons those are willing to bleed every drop of blood left in their body deter the evil plans of Vikings.

  Who Are The Knights Templars?  

The Knights Templar belong to French history for several centuries. They are simply poor warriors of the Solomon temple and the Christ. Knights Templar is a military formed by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum in the year 1139. Knights Templars played their part during the Crusades.

  Who is Landry du lauzon?

 Starring Tom Cullen, Landry du Lauzon is the main character of the Knightfall web series on Netflix. He is a fictional character, who is never respected much in the Knights Templar fraternity, even when he is so brave and courageous. However, a big twist comes into his life, when he discovered that the Holy Grail has resurfaced.

 His character sketch is about honesty, never die-down spirit and a strong knight who is ready to bleed for his people. Besides being a Knights Templar, Landry du Lauzon is a veteran warrior from the Crusades. His life journey began as the squire of Godfrey. He trained and made him learn all the skills & tricks of the warriors. Post the Siege of Acre, the life of Landry is fallen apart. His pursuits are taken for a blow during the Crusade, and he has also lost the Holy Grail. He is completely shaken & devastated, and doesn’t know where to go. Landry then became the Commander of the Paris Temple post the assignation of Godfrey. But, later he will set on a journey to find the Holy Grail, as the news has surfaced it is in France. Also, he is in the quest to discover the reasons for the death of his master. For more insight about the show, watch the Knightfall Netflix trailer.

 Also, Knightfall cast names on Netflix include some of the industries well-known celebrity faces.

  Tom Cullen Playing the Landry Character

 33-year-old Tom Cullen is a Wales actor, rated highly for his roles in the famous independent film Weekend. He lived the popular character Viscount Gillingham in the T.V. series Downton Abbey. During his early life, he joined the Llanishen High School to learn the true art of acting. Before getting into acting, he had a great love for music. Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama is the reputed institution from where he learned music.

  Now, Coming to the Million Dollar Question, Is Landry du Lauzon Ever Existed?

 The History Channel is known to create great T.V. series around the history heroes. But is Landry de Lauzon, a history channel inspired character belongs to Knightfall on Netflix a real person? The answer is no, the Netflix description clearly declared in its show description that Landry is a “Fictional History Character.” The real-life figures are the Queen Joan of Navarre, King Philip IV of France, and Pope Boniface VIII. However, that doesn’t mean there is no reference to Landry in the history books. As per Britannica, Landry belonging to Knights Templars, which was established in 1119 Hugh de Payens, French noble and his friends. Jerusalem, a holy city in the Middle East was found during the first Crusade, this place later became a popular pilgrim site for the Christian community from various parts of the world.  However, these kingdoms were inadequate to deter the foreign invaders.

Then, came the Payens and co. They took the oath to protect the faith of the Christian community. Later, as they grew in confidence, they took the pledge to safeguard the Crusader states from invasion. One of them is King Philip IV, which is a crucial part of the Knightfall web series.

  The Guardian Proof

 As per the Guardian, Knights Templars existed in France for many centuries. Later, they were dissolved in the 13th century.  However, in 1804   their resurgence happened in a bid to protect the holy places of Christianity. Today, the Knights Templars worked as a non-government organization established to spread the word of Christianity and has hundreds of representatives around the globe.

  Dominic Minghella – What His Say

Dominic Minghella, the Knightfall’s executive producer told a top news source that Landry du Lauzon isn’t about an individual but represents the entire community of the Knights Templars. This blockbuster T.V series is dedicated to unsung heroes those are the jewels of French history. While, the theme of the story has found its narrative to France rich history, but a little flair is added to amp the thriller of the story.

He further added Landry is being portrayed as an ideal character, faces a lot of difficulties but overcame the barriers all by his courage. The fictional aspect of this web series doesn’t stop here, as later in his life, Landry will fall for a girl. And, then he has to make a big call, whether to choose his love or the monk. However, in a nutshell, Landry is a character derived from French history. Therefore, you can say he is not a real person, but his thinking and what he does defines Knights Templars.

THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES- From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 10

INTRODUCTION

This Book is called Ecclesiastes, or the preacher, (in Hebrew, Coheleth) because in it Solomon, as an excellent preacher, setteth forth the vanity of the things of this world, to withdraw the hearts and affections of men from such empty toys. Ch. --- Coheleth is a feminine noun, to indicate the elegance of the discourse. It is very difficult to discriminate the objections of free-thinkers from the real sentiments of the author. It is most generally supposed that Solomon wrote this after his repentance; but this is very uncertain. S. Jerom (in C. xii. 12.) informs us that the collectors of the sacred books had some scruple about admitting this; and Luther speaks of it with great disrespect: (Coll. conviv.) but the Church has always maintained its authority. See Conc. v. Act. 4. Philast. 132. C. --- It refutes the false notions of worldlings, concerning felicity; and shews that it consists in the service of God and fruition. W.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 10

Observations on wisdom and folly, ambition and detraction.

[1] Dying flies spoil the sweetness of the ointment. Wisdom and glory is more precious than a small and shortlived folly.

Muscae morientes perdunt suavitatem unguenti. Pretiosior est sapientia et gloria, parva et ad tempus stultitia.

[2] The heart of a wise man is in his right hand, and the heart of a fool is in his left hand.

Cor sapientis in dextera ejus, et cor stulti in sinistra illius.

[3] Yea, and the fool when he walketh in the way, whereas he himself is a fool, esteemeth all men fools.

Sed et in via stultus ambulans, cum ipse insipiens sit, omnes stultos aestimat.

[4] If the spirit of him that hath power, ascend upon thee, leave not thy place: because care will make the greatest sins to cease.

Si spiritus potestatem habentis ascenderit super te, locum tuum ne demiseris, quia curatio faciet cessare peccata maxima.

[5] There is an evil that I have seen under the sun, as it were by an error proceeding from the face of the prince:

Est malum quod vidi sub sole, quasi per errorem egrediens a facie principis :

[6] A fool set in high dignity, and the rich sitting beneath.

positum stultum in dignitate sublimi, et divites sedere deorsum.

[7] I have seen servants upon horses: and princes walking on the ground as servants.

Vidi servos in equis, et principes ambulantes super terram quasi servos.

[8] He that diggeth a pit, shall fall into it: and he that breaketh a hedge, a serpent shall bite him.

Qui fodit foveam incidet in eam, et qui dissipat sepem mordebit eum coluber.

[9] He that removeth stones, shall be hurt by them: and he that cutteth trees, shall be wounded by them.

Qui transfert lapides affligetur in eis, et qui scindit ligna vulnerabitur ab eis.

[10] If the iron be blunt, and be not as before, but be made blunt, with much labour it shall be sharpened: and after industry shall follow wisdom.

Si retusum fuerit ferrum, et hoc non ut prius, sed hebetatum fuerit, multo labore exacuetur, et post industriam sequetur sapientia.

[11] If a serpent bite in silence, he is nothing better that backbiteth secretly.

Si mordeat serpens in silentio, nihil eo minus habet qui occulte detrahit.

[12] The words of the mouth of a wise man are grace: but the lips of a fool shall throw him down headlong.

Verba oris sapientis gratia, et labia insipientis praecipitabunt eum;

[13] The beginning of his words is folly, and the end of his talk is a mischievous error.

initium verborum ejus stultitia, et novissimum oris illius error pessimus.

[14] A fool multiplieth words. A man cannot tell what hath been before him: and what shall be after him, who can tell him?

Stultus verba multiplicat. Ignorat homo quid ante se fuerit; et quid post se futurum sit, quis ei poterit indicare?

[15] The labour of fools shall afflict them that know not how to go to the city.

Labor stultorum affliget eos, qui nesciunt in urbem pergere.

[16] Woe to thee, O land, when thy king is a child, and when the princes eat in the morning.

Vae tibi, terra, cujus rex puer est, et cujus principes mane comedunt.

[17] Blessed is the land, whose king is noble, and whose princes eat in due season for refreshment, and not for riotousness.

Beata terra cujus rex nobilis est, et cujus principes vescuntur in tempore suo, ad reficiendum, et non ad luxuriam.

[18] By slothfulness a building shall be brought down, and through the weakness of hands, the house shall drop through.

In pigritiis humiliabitur contignatio, et in infirmitate manuum perstillabit domus.

[19] For laughter they make bread, and wine that the living may feast: and all things obey money.

In risum faciunt panem et vinum ut epulentur viventes; et pecuniae obediunt omnia.

[20] Detract not the king, no not in thy thought; and speak not evil of the rich man in thy private chamber: because even the birds of the air will carry thy voice, and he that hath wings will tell what thou hast said.

In cogitatione tua regi ne detrahas, et in secreto cubiculi tui ne maledixeris diviti : quia et aves caeli portabunt vocem tuam, et qui habet pennas annuntiabit sententiam.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Ointment. A fly cannot live in it. Pliny xi. 19. --- Hence the smallest faults must be avoided, (C.) and superfluous cares, (S. Greg.) as well as the conversation of the wicked, (Thaumat.) particularly of heretics. S. Aug. con. Fulg. 14. --- Detractors may be compared to flies: they seek corruption, &c. A little leaven corrupteth the whole lump. 1 Cor. v. 6. C. --- The wicked infect their companions, and vice destroys all former virtues. W. --- Wisdom, or "a small...folly is more precious than wisdom," &c. of the world. 1 Cor. i. 25. and iii. 18. Dulce est desipere in loco. Hor. iv. ode 12. --- Heb. "folly spoils things more precious than wisdom." A small fault is often attended with the worst consequences, (C. ix. 18.) as David and Roboam experienced. 2 K. xxiv. and 3 K. xii. 14. C. --- Sept. "a little wisdom is to be honoured above the great glory of foolishness." Prot. "dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking flavour; so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honour." H.

Ver. 2. Hand, to do well or ill. Deut. i. 39. Jon. iv. 11. Chal.

Ver. 3. Fools. People judge others by themselves. C. --- Thus Nero could not believe that any were chaste. Suet.

Ver. 4. Place. If the devil tempt or persuade thee to sin, repent and humble thyself; or if thou hast offended the great, shew submission.

Ver. 5. Prince, who seems to have been guilty of any indiscretion.

Ver. 6. Rich. Such were chosen magistrates. Ex. xviii. 21. Prov. xxviii. 16. and xxx. 21.

Ver. 8. Him. Those who disturb the state or the Church, shall be in danger.

Ver. 9. Stones. Landmarks or walls. Prov. xxii. 18. --- Them. God will punish his injustice, in meddling with another's property.

Ver. 10. Made blunt. After being repeatedly sharpened, (C.) it will be more difficult to cut with it, and will expose the person to hurt himself, v. 9. H. --- Man, since original sin, is in a similar condition. --- Wisdom. The wise perform great things even with bad tools. Heb. "wisdom is the best directress." C.

Ver. 11. Silence. Prot. "without enchantment, and a babbler is no better." H. --- But he compares the detractor to a serpent, (C.) as he infuses the poison into all who pay attention to him. S. Jer. S. Bern.

Ver. 12. Grace. Pleasing and instructive. C.

Ver. 14. Tell him. How foolish, therefore, is it to speak about every thing!

Ver. 15. City. Being so stupid, that they know not, or will not take the pains to find what is most obvious. C. --- Thus the pagan philosophers knew all but what they ought to have known; (S. Jer.) and many such wise worldlings never strive to discover the paths which lead to the city of eternal peace: like him who contemplated the stars, and fell into a ditch. C.

Ver. 16. When thy. Heb. lit. "whose," cujus, as v. 17. H. --- S. Jerom give two senses to this passage, the literal and the mystical, according to his usual custom. The dominion of young men and of luxurious judges is reproved, as well as innovations in matters of religion. Is. iii. 4. Those are blessed who have Christ for their head, descending from the patriarchs and saints, (over whom sin ruled not, and who of course were free) and from the blessed Virgin, who was "more free." They have the apostles for princes, who sought not the pleasures of this world, but will be rewarded, in due time, and eat without confusion. T. 7. W. --- Child. Minorities often prove dangerous to the state, while regents cannot agree. --- Morning, as children eat at all times. This may relate to the ruler who is a child in age, or in knowledge, though it seems rather to refer to his counsellors. Is. v. 11.

Ver. 17. Noble. Royal extraction, (Esqlwn genesqai. Eurip. Hec.) and education, afford many advantages which others, who raise themselves to the throne, do not enjoy. Heb. "the son of those in white," (C.) or "of heroes." Mont. --- Eurim, (H.) or Chorim seems to have give rise to the word Hero. The advantages of birth only make the defects of degenerate children more observable. C. --- Heroum filii noxæ. "The sons of heroes are a nuisance," (H.) was an ancient proverb. --- Season. The time was not fixed; but it was deemed a mark of intemperance to eat before noon, when judges ought to have decided causes. Dan. xiii. 7. Acts ii. 15.

Ver. 18. Through. If we neglect our own, or other's soul, (H.) in the administration of Church, (S. Jer.) or state, all will go to ruin.

Ver. 19. Feast. As if they were born for this purpose, (Phil. iii. 19. C.) fruges consumere nati. Hor. i. ep. 2. --- Money. ---

             Scilicet uxorem cum dote fidemque et amicos,

             Et genus, et formam regina pecunia donet. Horace, i. ep. 6.)

- Heb. "money answers all purposes," (H.) to procure meat, drink, &c. C.

Ver. 20. Said. Pigeons are taught to carry letters in the east, and Solomon alludes to this custom, or he makes use of this hyperbole to shew, that kings will discover the most secret inclinations by means of spies. We must not speak ill even of those who are worthy of blame. v. 16. C.

Allegorical Portrait of Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, Slaying the Dragon of the Monarchy’s Enemies

Illustration by Francisco Navarro for Extremos y Grandezas de Constantinopla (Translated from Moses Almosnino by Jacob Cansino, 1638) 

(Source: Universidad Complutense de Madrid · Google Books)

The Count-Duke of Olivares & Jacob Cansino:

"In 1623 Jacob Cansino, a Jew from Oran who came from a family of Arabic interpreters, received permission to come to Madrid to divulge some secret information to the King. This —the first of a number of visits— marked the beginning of a friendship with Olivares, to whom Cansino later dedicated his translation of a sixteenth-century work on the greatness of Constantinople, embellished with a striking engraving which showed the Count-Duke, sword in hand, slaying a dragon.”

(Source: The Count-Duke of Olivares: The Statesman in an Age of Decline, by J. H. Elliott, Yale University Press, 1986, pp. 300-302)

"Jacob Cansino resided in Madrid, from 1633 for some five years, living openly as a Jew and with the King's permission . . . Inevitably, his undisguised presence must have seemed a most bizarre phenomenon in the Spain of that time; it encouraged unfavourable comment and speculation that the Count-Duke was preparing the ground for the readmission of the Jews to Spain. And it is indeed probable that the question whether some form of readmission was feasible was one of the many topics discussed by Cansino and the Count-Duke. A clear indication that Olivares took a close interest in Cansino is that the latter was able to publish a book in Madrid, Moses Almosnino's Grandezas de Constantinopla, in 1638. Since this publication was the only book published by a professing Jew in Spain before the abolition of the Inquisition it is, by any standard, a most extraordinary occurrence in both Spanish and Jewish history ... The edition was prefaced with a fulsome dedication to Olivares, complete with a full-page engraving, depicting the Count-Duke sword in hand, slaying the dragon of the monarchy's enemies, followed by an account of the services of the Cansino family on behalf of successive Spanish kings . . . Cansino's publication [advertised with the support of the King's chief adviser — for without this, it could not have been publicized] told all the world that the Spanish Crown employed Jews, that Philip IV and the Count-Duke valued their services, and that Jews could expect to be rewarded for loyalty to Spain.”

(Source: Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713, by Jonathan I. Israel, The Hambledon Press, 1997, pp. 223-224)

"The question of Jewish financial and commercial activity was very much present in Madrid in 1634. Since the declaration of the first royal bankruptcy of Philip IV's reign, Olivares had worked to counter the financial dominance of the Genoese bankers by increasing concessions to Portuguese Jews or crypto-Jews, known as marranos. Olivares, whose grandmother was a converso or Christianised Jewish family, was widely accused of being pro-Jewish for his relations with such figures as Jacob Cansino . . . Cansino was reported to represent a number of Mediterranean Jews seeking to live in Spain and freely practise their religion in exchange for generous contributions to the capital of the monarchy's saving banks. Olivares was instrumental in securing freedom of movement and an edict of grace from the Inquisition for them, in exchange for financial contributions.” 

(Source: Conflicts of Discourse: Spanish Literature in the Golden Age, edited by Peter William Evans, Manchester University Press, 1990, p. 152) 

Latin Inscriptions in the Allegorical Portrait:

1. Omnes inimici tui succidentur (”All Your enemies shall perish”, from Judges 5:31)

2. Cor meum vigilat ("My heart remains vigilant", from the Song of Solomon 5:2)

3. Custodiens dominum suum glorificabitur (”He who guards his master will be honored”, from Proverbs 27:18)

We Need To Talk About Nightbringer (the Person, Not the Game)

I'm still scratching my head over what Nightbringer's goal is here... How is MC involved? Why send them back in time? And, of course, who are they??

SPOILERS Up to Lesson 12 Below Cut

The Fuck is the Goal Here??

Sending the MC back just to form pacts makes no goddamn sense. If the MC acquiring pacts was the real aim, then that mission was already accomplished in the present-day. There's something more here.

Why send MC back to RIGHT NOW? What about making pacts AT THIS TIME is desirable to Nightbringer? Is the end game even having the pacts at all...?

I posit that Nightbringer wants war, specifically, another war between angels and demons. The imagery of scales brings to mind the fragile balance of peace that Diavolo was mentioning between the realms before. RAD isn't built yet, his goal to improve relations is still in its infancy, and the times are so tumultuous that MC risks an all out fight starting just being there. So if Nightbringer wants to make things come to blows, then this is the PERFECT time to send them to.

However...

What is this "path to happiness" all about? What does Nightbringer think will make the MC most happy...? And what about THEIR happiness is linked to his? Is he assuming that in a war of the three realms, MC would side with the demons and thus if demons win then MC will be glad? That doesn't really track with the MC as presented in game... They're generally shown as a peacemaker or bridge builder. I don't think a war would make them happy at all!

Ultimately, I don't think we can answer this question in any way that makes sense until we have a better idea of WHO Nightbringer is so....

Who is Nightbringer??

It's Barbs

This goes for any version of Barbs: past, present, future, or even an alternate self I guess. This only makes sense because we're dealing with a demon who does time travel and there's only one demon we know who fits this bill but... why?

I can't imagine any reason why Barbatos would betray Diavolo, at least the one we know. This guy is so loyal to his lord that he's the ONLY character who won't completely kowtow to MC's whims even in the OG game. His true loyalty was always to Diavolo. Not the realm, not demons, DIAVOLO. And if Diavolo seeks peace, then why on earth would Barbs want to cause a war?? Is he more bitter about things than we thought...?

If it's a different version of Barbs, then I guess this goes out the window, but even then what's an alternate Barbs care about this world specifically? What would he hope to gain? MC? Why?? The means are all here, but I just can't figure out the motive, so...

It's Not Barbs, but Connected to Barbs

You know. I've been thinking a lot about this and I've been considering how, thematically, it could be appropriate for Diavolo not to be the only one with a progenitor/parental figure out of commission. We can assume that Daddy Devil must of had an attendant like Barbatos to aid him like Dia has Barbs so...

What if Nightbringer is the old King's previous attendant? And what's more, what if they aren't Barbs but related to Barbs? Like a sibling or parent? It's important to note that Barbs' time capabilities are not INTERNAL to him. It's his room of doorways to other timelines. Presumably, anybody with sufficient knowledge could inherit that room and just take over the role of the Devildom's time lord.

I know it goes against all of our previous notions to think that Barbatos was, at some point, just an everyday demon and not some primordial, OG force of nature but none of that was canon anyway. Something to think about.

It's Michael

I know people keep offering up this one, but I'm really not buying it... Yeah, Michael has always been this looming, shady figure over the OM universe and he's canonically and non-canonically done some eyebrow raising shit, but what's the motive here? Plus, Nightbringer's thematic ties to, well, night really feel more demon than angel... The Celestial Realm is always sunny, the Devildom is always dark. I think it's just a stretch...

Michael wanting another war could be interesting, especially since we've seen far more of angels being actively antagonistic to demons than the other way around, but I don't think that makes him Nightbringer. At most, he could end up being a shadow ally in his plot to bring everything to a head once again.

It's Solomon

In truth, even I don't think Nightbringer is the Solomon we're talking to. But I still think it's suspicious that all of this plays out so perfectly for our present-day Solo-pal... Personally, I take anything this guy tells us directly with a grain of salt since we know he'll lie openly, so here are the facts we're working with:

We are interacting with our present day Solomon (or at least one with knowledge of who we are and our timeline's events).

Solomon is the only one in this current space who knows of our full history in the OG timeline.

This Solomon put himself not only in the position of being the ONLY ONE who knows us that we can interact with, but happily isolated us from the brothers and made himself our main point of contact.

And last (and perhaps most importantly) HE'S STILL TRYING TO MAKE PACTS. He approaches Lucifer about it and successfully makes a pact with Asmo centuries before he's supposed to! If my guy is really from the present, that's like, Changing the Course of History 101! What the hell???

Let me present to you a theory. He is not present-day Solomon, sent back to help MC. He is past-Solomon, caught up to MC's identity through Barbs' time powers and just playing the part of our modern-day buddy. If he's from the past, he doesn't have to worry about changing the present timeline like we do because that ain't even him we've been speaking to. It feels like he has this bet going with Nightbringer... they have some kind of wager and MC is key to it. They're the one who'll tip the scales and Solomon is trying to get us to stay on his side.

It's Not Solomon, but Connected to Solomon

There's something off about Solomon that everybody, LITERALLY everybody, makes comments on: how he doesn't seem human anymore.

The OM timeline introduced the idea that a person can become something else, no matter what they started out as. The brothers were angels, but they fell, so they became demons. Simeon violated angel rules, so he was made into a human. The idea of corruption related to Solomon has always stuck in the back of my mind... The guy has over 70 pacts, he's lived for several centuries at least, and there's just something NOT RIGHT about him...

When Solomon and Nightbringer are speaking to each other, this line stuck out to me.

I find this comment so damn weird. If Nightbringer is a demon and has always been a demon, why would Solomon feel the need to lampshade this? He's pointing it out as if it's meant to get under Nightbringer's skin... Why state the obvious?

What if Nightbringer wasn’t always a demon?

Nightbringer refers to and brings up his demonness as much as Solomon brings up his humanness. That, to me, reeks of insecurity. They may not just be fighting on the lines between demons and humanity, but fighting each other/themselves to prove who's side they're actually on.

What if Nightbringer is a fully-corrupted Solomon? Either a Solomon in the future who's fucking around with the past or a Solomon in this timeline/dimension that's trying to use MC to cause destruction for his world??

..... Okay, I do know this is a bit of a reach. As much as I would love to blame the sorcerer, Nightbringer still seems like a being who's just... been around a while. Far too long to start fucking up shit now. It's possible that if he is from the future and just hopping through time, there's nothing stopping him from going back however far he wants to, but then you could get into the "You are your own grandfather" paradox and the next thing you know we're in another installment of Kingdom Hearts where time is our worst enemy.

HOWEVER, the idea of corruption DOES bring me to my wildest theory yet.

What if Nightbringer wants MC to become a demon...?

Think about it.

It could explain why Solomon is trying so hard to make MC remember and side with their humanity.

It could explain why Nightbringer sent them there under the guise of demon to start with.

It could be why he wants them to make their pacts again. He's trying to seduce them into fully embracing the demonic world through their connection with the brothers.

Humans die, right? Why not be a demon and not have to worry about it?

Throw away the Ring of Light.

Stay by your demons' sides.

Embrace the darkness.

Join the damned.

And when that big'ol battle that he wants happens, he'll have the most powerful sorcerer/sorceress, fully demonized, fighting for his side against God himself.

..... Or that's my spec script anyway. Probably too out there, but man would it be fun...

Can we take a minute to appreciate the fact that in the Nightbringer universe MC cooks for Solomon ❤️ 🥰 ☺️ (and acts like a married couple) and everyone knows it! (And are jealous)

Audi Tellus

Audi tellus audi magni maris limbus audi omne quod vivit sub sole hujus mundi decus et gloria quam sit vana et transitoria ut testantur haec temporalia non in uno statu manentia nullum salvat genus aut species nulli valet auri congeries nil valet regalis dignitas nihil deorum falsa civinitas nil artium valet profunditas nichil valet corporis quantitas transierunt rerum materies ut liquescit a sole glacies ubi Plato ubi Porphirius ubi Hector Trojae fortissimus ubi Cesar Ubi Pompeii us ubi Nero ubi Virgilius ubi Sampson dux potens virium ubi Salomon gloria sapientiae dum Helena Paris pulcherrimus ac Achilles ubi magnammus Alexander ubi rex maximus Aristoteles ubi doctissimus qui cena rex ubi Avertois commentator ubi et Seneca transierunt legem mortalium per unius diei spatium ceciderunt in profundum ut lapides quis scit sidetur eis requies sed tu deus potens fidelium fac te nobis Christe propitium cum de malis fiet judicium in die illa quando caeli movendi sunt et terra

Hear, O Earth, Hear O great bordering sea,

Hear all who live under the sun!

The world’s beauty and glory is vain and transitory,

that bear witness that these things do not remain in the same state.

No category or individual thing is saved,

To no avail are heaps of gold,

To no avail is royal dignity,

No help from false gods and divinities,

Nor from delving into the arts,

A great and strong body is ultimately worth nothing,

Material things, they all pass as ice melts in the sun.

Where is Plato?  Where is Porphyry?  Where is Hector, Champion of Troy?

Where is Caesar?  Where is Nero?  Where is Virgil?

Where is Sampson, the leader of powerful men?

Where is the glory of Solomon’s wisdom?  

With the beauty of Helen and Paris.

Where is the strength of Achilles?

Alexander, where is the great king?

And Aristotle, where is the teacher who dined with the king?

Where is Averroes the commentator, where is Seneca?

These men crossed over, and fell into the depths in the space of a day,

So that under the stones, who can tell if sessed when they are at rest,

But you, believe that God has the power.

Be merciful unto us, O Christ, but there shall be a judgment of the wicked,

On that day when the Heavens and Earth are moved.  

*** If there is anyone who actually made it further than elementary Latin and in particular isn’t awful at Latin grammar, corrections in the above translation would be nice.

Knights Templar: Catholic Military Order

Knights Templar: Catholic Military Order

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon’s Temple, the Knights Templar or simply the Templars, were a Catholic military order founded in 1119 and recognized in 1139 by the papal bull Omne datum optimum.

The order was active until 1312 when it was perpetually suppressed by Pope…

View On WordPress

World War I guns fell silent in 1918

Acceptance of the inevitable. By late 1918, Goetz had recognized that the allies were winning on all fronts. On the obverse he shows a triumphant French rooster atop Allied flags IM SIEGESTAUMEL [In the flush of victory] while a banner on a town hall hails Allied Commander Foch. The depiction of allied troops on the reverse probably would be deemed not politically correct today. (Images © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

Goetz’ commentary on President Wilson’s response to Germany’s peace overtures. Obverse: He sits like a new monarch on a throne but decided to leave all questions of the armistice to the military commanders. Reverse: Germany’s eagle is offered chains and a peace palm in exchange for the kaiser’s crown. The legend reads FRISS ODER STRIB [Eat or die]. (Images © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

Commemorating the abdication of the kaiser on Nov. 9, 1918, and the renunciation of the throne by the crown prince. The new German Weimar Republic came into existence this same day and is portrayed by Goetz as Germania attempting to extinguish the fire in the House of Hohenzollern, the former ruling house of Germany. The beast with the burning head combines the body of Germany’s eagle with the head of the Hound of Hohenzollern, which happens to look like Wilhelm II. (Image © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

A seaman from the kaiser’s once beloved Kaiserliche Marine, specifically one of the mutinous crew of the battleship SMS “Kaiser,” kicks Wilhelm over a Dutch border marker into a tulip field. Goetz’s legend parodies a quote of the former Kaiser WER SICH MIR ENTGEGENSTELLT, DEN ZERSCHMETTERE ICH! [Who[ever] stands against me, I dash to pieces!]. (Image © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

Large 69 mm, 159.28 g bronze French medal by Georges-Henri Prud’homme marking the signing of the Armistice document in Foch’s rail carriage in the forest of Compiègne at 0500 on 11.11.18. (Images courtesy Yale University Art Gallery)

At left, Goetz does not mince words as to WAFFEN STILLSTANDS BEDINGUNG [Conditions of the Armistice]. Uncle Sam and John Bull hogtie Germany while Foch holds a rifle across his throat: FOCH HAT DAS WORT [Foch has the say so now]. (Image © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com) At right, on the lifting of the total blockade of German ports by the Royal Navy on July 12, 1919. The reverse of Goetz’s derisive “Good Samaritan” medal depicts the old, the infirm, and babes-in-arms dying of starvation behind the blockade that is maintained by ships of the Royal Navy. The upper caption reads: ENGLAND’S . SCHANDTAT [England’s deed of shame]. (Image © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

High quality British 64 mm, bronze WELCOME PEACE medal that shows the dates as 1914 / 1919 on the reverse (BHM-4146). George V, King & Emperor, occupies the obverse. (Image courtesy & © www.ha.com)

Obverses of two brass U.S. 1918 WWI peace medals (Hibler-Kappen 896, 897). On both winged Peace bears an olive branch back-lit by the sun of hope that rises above devastated land. The reverses bear a simple legend as to the dates of commencement and ending of the war along with crossed Stars & Stripes beneath. (Images courtesy & © www.ha.com)

Inter-allied Victory bronze medals as awarded to all allied troops. All show variations of a winged victory. All are suspended by a double rainbow ribbon. From left: U.S.A., U.K., France, Japan. (Images courtesy Wikimedia Commons)

The focus of René Baudichon’s 1920 54 mm bronze ULTRIX AMERICA JURIS is ‘Lest we forget.’ The obverse legend freely translates as “America, Avenger of the Law.” It encircles Lady Liberty, who bears not her lamp but a sword. Her rising from the waves drives a tsunami towards Europe. The cause of her fury is shown on the reverse, where the “Lusitania” sinks as a child drowns. (Images courtesy Yale University Art Gallery)

A neo-classical French take on the 1918 Armistice and 1919 Treaty of Versailles by Anie Mouroux: bronze 68 mm, 153.76 g. Is that Brunhild on the reverse surrendering her sword hilt-first? (Images courtesy Yale University Art Gallery)

After four Christmases in the trenches, Karl Goetz’s 1918 Christmas medal settled for the Gift of Peace. (Image courtesy & © www.ha.com)

Japan also contributed a peace offering. The reverse makes clear it was one of the allies. (Images courtesy Yale University Art Gallery)

On her massive 102 mm, 297.8 g bronze medal “WIEDERSEHEN-1918” [Farewell 1918], Danish sculptor Lotte Benter encapsulates what the Armistice meant to the ordinary German soldier: going home to his wife and contemplating his 1918 Christmas tree with his united family – and FRIEDE AUF ERDEN [Peace on Earth]. (Images courtesy & © www.ha.com)

Germania redux! Silvered-bronze medal of 1919 gives a German perspective on the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, that effectively ended WWI. The legends read: IN FRIEDEN UND EINIGKEIT DURCH ARBEIT UND LIEBE WILL DEUTSCHLAND WIEDER GEDEIHEN [In peace and unity through labor and love will Germany thrive again] / OMNES RENASCAMUR [We will all be reborn] / EHRE DEN TAPFEREN [Honor the brave] / ?FRIEDE? [?Peace?] / ZUM EWIGEN GEDENKEN [In eternal remembrance]. The question marks either side of peace hold considerable portent. (Images courtesy & © www.ha.com)

Monnaie de Paris evocative designs for their proof silver 10 euro marking the centennial of the WWI armistice. The themes depicted are very much those of French medals struck in the first months after the war. (Images courtesy Monnaie de Paris)

Another French 10 euro.

French 10 euro recalling the jubilation that pervaded all corners of France the day the firing stopped and the surviving troops headed home. (Images courtesy Monnaie de Paris)

Common reverse of Australia’s gold and silver dollars marking the armistice centennial. Flanders’ poppies bloom above abandoned German rounds. (Images courtesy Royal Australian Mint)

Britain’s Royal Mint remembers war poet Wilfred Owen killed one week before the Armistice. (Image courtesy & © The Royal Mint)

A dove soars above bayonets on this Cook Islands $10. (Image courtesy Coin Invest Trust)

Canada reminds us it is all about 11.11.11 on a silver dollar while saluting its fallen on a haunting silver $100. (Images courtesy Royal Canadian Mint)

New Zealand is the one country to have issued a circulating coin for the centenary: a colored 50 cents that ensures the anniversary of Armistice is recognized throughout the land. There is also a gold $10 that recalls the homecoming. (Images courtesy New Zealand Post)

Troops cease fighting and return home on a Niuean silver $10, a gold $100, and a Solomon Islands silver $10. (Images courtesy Downies.)

The massed clenched-fist salute on the reverse of Goetz’s 1918 Armistice bronze foretells a 1939 future: EIN 70 MILLIONEN VOLK LEIDET ABER STIRBT NICHT [70 million people suffer but do not die]. (Image © Henry Scott Goodman, www.KarlGoetz.com)

A Baron Collier postcard, one of a wartime series, depicting Kaiser Bill being welcomed to hell. (Image courtesy Library of Congress)

The word “armistice” baffled me as a child. I gathered it was somehow related to the ending of war but was more problematical than “truce” or “cease-fire,” let alone “peace” or “victory.”

It was many years later I found it was “a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.” Its intent was to allow those parties to sit down for serious peace negotiations.

In later life, I wondered about the origin of the word. I learned it comes from the Latin “arma” [arms] and “sistere” [stop]. For the Germans, the term is “Waffen Stillstands”.

On the Western Front, this stopping of arms would occur in 1918 on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. It effectively ended fighting on land, sea, and air between Germany and the Entente and assorted allies.

The “War To End All Wars” had accounted for over 9.9 million killed in action, 21.2 million wounded in action, and 7.7 million dead civilians. In this context, a host of contemporary medals were struck to mark the cessation of hostilities. These medals fall into several categories: those that specifically commemorate the armistice, those concerned primarily with peace, others that claim victory, and yet others that provide commentary on events surrounding the armistice and its consequences. The last group comes mainly from Germany. Along with sardonic comment, these include some of the more poignant depictions of the bitter consequences of war.

And, of course, coins commemorating the centenary of the 1918 Armistice have been appearing for well over a year.

These medals and coins provide a most challenging collecting area. The number is such that at least two lifetimes are required for a comprehensive or even a fully representative number to be assembled. Space allows only a few reminders of the costs of war to be illustrated here.

  Background: By late October 1918, the Entente had signed or was close to signing Armistice agreements with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary. A year earlier, Russia had signed a cease-fire with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans. But on the Western Front, the killing continued apace.

It had taken until late September 1918 for Germany’s High Command to admit their country’s position was hopeless. Erster Generalquartiermeister Ludendorff had informed the Imperial Chancellery that an Allied breakthrough was imminent. He demanded an immediate cease-fire and acceptance of the main demands of President Woodrow Wilson.

Today, his motivation is clear. For starters, he wanted to preserve the honor of the German army by laying responsibility for capitulation squarely in the laps of the politicians. Secondly he realized that Wilson’s Fourteen Points were sufficiently vague to allow Germany to extract itself from the fray with minimum pain.

  Changes: In October, the German government made overtures for an Armistice along lines proposed by Ludendorff. However, France, Italy, and Britain had no interest in such negotiations, nor did Wilson’s Fourteen Points hold any appeal for them. They had fought for over four years and lost millions of young men. They knew Germany was shattered. They wanted their pound of flesh and numerous quarts of blood as well.

A major stumbling block quickly emerged: the Allies insisted on the abdication of the kaiser. Germany might have been desperate, but at this point its government was not prepared to swallow this particular dead rat.

In fact, Ludendorff abruptly declared the Allied conditions unacceptable and demanded a full resumption of the war. However, his German soldiers had had enough. They were no longer prepared to fight. Desertions became commonplace. On Oct. 26, Ludendorff was replaced, and he fled to Sweden.

A naval revolt took place at Wilhelmshaven. It spread rapidly across the country. The realization that Germany was beaten had shaken Kaiser Wilhelm, but the mutiny of his beloved Kaiserliche Marine was the last straw. On Nov. 9, he abdicated, and a German republic was proclaimed. On Nov. 10, the ex-kaiser went into exile in neutral Netherlands.

  Total capitulation: A Social Democrat party took the reins of political power. It engaged in desperate and hurried armistice negotiations. These took place in Foch’s private train parked in the French forest of Compiègne. When the German delegation arrived, they were given 72 hours to agree to a list of demands presented by Allied officers.

These demands were largely written by Allied Supreme Commander Maréchal Ferdinand Foch. They included immediate cessation of hostilities, withdrawal of German forces to positions behind the Rhine, Allied occupation of the Rhineland, the complete demilitarization of Germany including surrender of all military materials, the release of all Allied prisoners of war and interned civilians, and eventual reparations. Reparations were to become such a financial millstone that they poisoned international relations for many years afterwards.

On the Allied side, there was to be no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany until complete peace terms were agreed.

There was no question of negotiation. In effect, the Allies required the unqualified and total capitulation of Germany.

The new German Chancellor did not hesitate. On Nov. 10, he instructed the head of the German delegation to sign. They did so at 5 a.m. on Nov. 11. The cease-fire was to occur six hours later.

It would take another year before the final peace terms were hammered out. Three extensions to the original document were required before the Treaty of Versailles was finally ratified on Jan. 10, 1920.

  A final reckoning: On Nov. 11, both sides knew the fighting was about to end. However, both maintained pressure to the last second. Each continued to fire at the other. In those six hours of that last day, there were a further 10,944 casualties. Of these, 2,738 died.

Battery 4 of the U.S. Navy’s long-range 14-inch railway guns fired its last shot at 10:57:30 a.m. from the Verdun area. It was timed to land behind the German front just before the scheduled Armistice.

The last British soldier died about 9:30 a.m., the last Frenchman at 10:50 a.m., and the last British Imperial soldier, a Canadian, was shot at 10:58 a.m. The last soldier killed in World War I was an American at 10:59 a.m.

May they rest in peace.

  Commemorative medals: All participants in the conflict produced some sort of medallic memento. Some were official, but there were many unofficial private issues. Some are of superb quality and charged with pathos. Among these are personal commentaries from leading sculptors. Others are crude in their execution, but all commemorate a major historical event.

Initially, most focused on the blessed peace that had followed the end of the killing. A few made specific reference to the Armistice. Many French medals expressed unqualified gratitude to the Allied soldiers who fought and died for their country.

Within months, however, that peace and gratitude had transmuted to victory celebrations. It was no longer simply a question of an armistice. The Germans, Austro-Hungarians, and the Ottomans were seen as utterly defeated. Given the uncompromising nature of the cease-fire terms, they could be perceived as little else.

A common award to all Allied soldiers was proposed by Maréchal Foch. Each nation was free to design its own, but the shared theme was a winged Victory struck on a 36mm bronze round and suspended by a double rainbow ribbon. The award became known as the Inter-Allied Victory Medal, with at least 15 countries producing their own versions.

The back commonly carried a potent piece of propaganda: THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILIZATION 1914-19. (The 1919 date refers to involvement of Allied troops in the Russian Civil War.) The back of the U.S. medal displays a bound fasces with the names of Allied countries listed on either side: FRANCE, ITALY, SERBIA, JAPAN, GREAT BRITAIN, BELGIUM, BRAZIL, PORTUGAL, RUMANIA and CHINA.

Some medals struck in the years after the war and even after the signing of the Versailles Treaty neither forgave nor forgot. French sculptor René Baudichon’s bronze ULTRIX AMERICA JURIS is a case in point. Struck in 1920, it portrays a vengeful Lady Liberty rising from the Atlantic Ocean. The cause of her wrath is clear on the medal’s back: the torpedoed Lusitania sinks while a baby drowns.

Germany’s medalists had little to celebrate or even commemorate. Their country was wrecked; their political system, economy, and agriculture were in ruins; its former leaders had fled. Germans would continue to be denied basic supplies by the Allied Blockade for eight months following the Armistice. Tens of thousands would starve.

As a consequence, many German medalists sought their subjects in simple yet vital matters such as wife and children being reunited with husband and father.

Goetz’s 1918 Christmas medallion opts for the reality of peace. Danish sculptor Lotte Benter’s massive bronze “WIEDERSEHEN-1918” [Farewell 1918] is more poignant: an ordinary German soldier returning to his wife, his family united around a 1918 Christmas tree with FRIEDE AUF ERDEN [Peace on Earth]. It really says it all.

Goetz medals aside, it would be some years before Germany’s spirit would reassert itself in political medallic statements.

  Centennial Coins: For over a year, mints and nations around the world have been issuing coins to mark the 100 years that have elapsed since the Great War ended. Many echo themes seen on medals from 100 years earlier. Some refer to the Armistice itself, others to Peace, while yet others salute the return of the soldiers. Victory gets scant mention.

Of all the coins marking the end of the conflict, those issued by France stand out. Their designs focus on the immediacy of the feelings that swept the entire country on the afternoon of Nov. 11, 1918.

For the French, the end of La grande Guerre was a profoundly emotional national experience. For over four years, great swathes of the country had been laid waste to provide battlegrounds for the Western Front. Towns and villages had been devastated. Some 1.4 million French soldiers and 300,000 civilians lay dead. A further 4.3 million had been wounded.

Words are inadequate to describe the response of the French that Nov. 11. But it is all there in the coin deigns. And in capturing this moment, the designers at Monnaie de Paris have not overlooked their allies. The flags of Britain, America, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia wave alongside the Tricolor.

The centenary is marked primarily with two matched coin pairs. Each consists of a .900 fine silver (37.00 mm, 22.20 g) 10 euro and a .999 fine gold (22.00 mm, 7.780 g) 50 euro. Symbolic poppies and cornflowers are prominent in the designs, “Le bleuet” (the cornflower) being France’s national symbol of remembrance.

On one, the sun rises for Armistice Day, a bugler sounds the cease-fire, and soldiers discard their rifles while a signaler releases an allegorical dove. The second depicts jubilant crowds welcoming “Le Poilu” [The Unshaven]. This is the coin that acknowledges the vital role of the Allied troops in France’s liberation – on both obverse and reverse.

A bugler sounding the recall before the Arc de Triomphe features on the second 10 euro but struck on a 31.00 mm, 17.00 g .333 fine silver flan. His uniform is decked with the flags of the allied nations. In the background, a returning soldier embraces his child. Oddly, the reverse makes reference to matters 100 years on: linked oak and laurel branches evoke the euro sign.

As would be expected, numerous coins have come from the countries of the former British Empire who contributed 1.1 million killed and 2 million wounded.

The Royal Australian Mint was one of those quick on the mark. In February, it announced a commemorative 25.00 mm, 9.00 g aluminum bronze dollar available in both 2018 proof and BU coin sets. In March, the corresponding precious metal proofs were produced: a 21.69 mm, 1/4 oz .9999 fine gold $25; a 99.95 mm, .999 fine 1 kg silver $30; and a 40 mm, 1 oz .999 fine silver $1.

The reverse design by Aleksandra Stokic depicts poppies of Flanders Fields growing in soil deep sown by serried rows of bullets. The outline of each bullet caused comment Down Under on these coins’ release. It is not that of the British .303 but resembles the rimless German 7.92 X 57 cartridge widely used in WWI although, for the pedants among us, the profile differs in detail.

It may well be the designer’s intent was to depict the primary cause of so many grave markers of Australian Imperial Forces whether at Gallipoli or on the Western Front.

Britain’s Royal Mint also believed in getting in early. They issued a BU bimetallic £2 in January. Its design by Stephen Raw is highly evocative. The artist shaped his work using clay from the Sambre-Oise Canal, where war poet Wilfred Owen was killed in 1918 one week (almost to the hour) before the signing of the Armistice. It bears an inscription taken from Owen’s poem, “Strange Meeting”: “The truth untold, The pity of war.”

The same design is used on a 28.40 mm, 12.00 g .925 fine silver £2 proof; a 28.40 mm, 24 g .925 fine silver £2 proof piedfort plated with gold; and a 28.40 mm, 15.97 g .917 fine yellow gold £2 plated with red gold. All three coins are edge inscribed WILFRED OWEN KILLED IN ACTION 4 NOV 1918.

In addition, the BRM has produced two 5 oz £10 proof coins: a 65.00 mm, 156.30 g .999 fine silver and a 50.00 mm, 156.30 g .9999 fine gold. These are the last coins in the mint’s WWI Centenary 5 oz series. Their common reverse by Paul Day depicts a lone solider on the Western Front at the moment the guns cease fire.

Royal Canadian Mint designer Jamie Desrochers leaves no doubt that it is all about the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. The numeral “11” appears three times on the reverse of his 36.06 mm, 23.17 g .9999 fine silver dollar backed by a sunburst of hope. The central “11” is writ large and selectively gold-plated. Its profile echoes Canada’s National Vimy Memorial in France.

A second Canadian coin remembers the fallen: a 76.25 mm, 311.54 g .9999 fine silver $100 proof. On the reverse, artist Pandora Young has incorporated one of Coeur de Lion MacCarthy’s “Angel of Victory” sculptures that stand today in Montreal, Winnipeg, and Vancouver. The ascending angel holds a fallen Canadian soldier in one arm and a laurel wreath in her left. The two are framed by W.H.J. Blakemore’s design of Canada’s one-cent coin issued during 1914-1918. Appropriately, the obverse shows Sir Edgar Bertram Mackennal’s contemporary effigy of King George V.

From the Cook Islands, courtesy of CIT, is an 11 mm, 1/100 oz .9999 fine gold prooflike $5. Its emphasis is the peace. The accompanying web page provides no description beyond the words of John McCrae’s 1915 poem, “In Flanders Fields.”

The tiny Pacific Island of Niue is responsible for two colored silver and gold coins whose themes mark the end of the war. These include a 65 mm, 155.5175 g (5 oz) .999 fine silver $10 proof showing a bugler sounding the cease-fire and a 38.61 mm, 1 oz .9999 fine gold $100 proof depicting troops marching back from the front in the aftermath of the Armistice. The last coin was part of a WWI set released in early 2017.

In a similar vein is a Solomon Islands 40 mm, 25 g .925 fine silver $10 proof with members of the armed services marching in a victory parade. This coin appears to be the only Armistice centenary issue that gives a nod to the nurses of WWI – the troops’ angels of mercy.

New Zealand is the sole country to produce a circulating coin for the centenary: a colorized 24.75 mm, 5.00 g plated steel 50 cents released into circulation on Oct. 1. Central to the reverse design is the New Zealand Returned Services Association red poppy surrounded by a wreath formed from three of New Zealand’s silver fern leaves (past, present, future / Army, Navy, Air Force), rosemary for remembrance, and koru (Maori stylized fern fronds).

Rosemary holds deep significance for New Zealand soldiers. It grew wild across the Gallipoli peninsula where 2,779 New Zealanders died in 1915, a sixth of the Kiwi troops who landed on the peninsula.

A second New Zealand coin is a 21.69 mm, 1/4 oz .9999 fine gold $10 entitled “Back from the Brink” that depicts a returned soldier in the arms of his tearful beloved. This coin comes in a pressed metal tin resembling those gifted to soldiers in World War I by Princess Mary at Christmas.

  Afterword: Historians among readers will be well aware that Foch’s 1918 Armistice demands, along with those in the Versailles Treaty of 1920, sowed seeds of deep resentment in the German soil that would sprout full-grown on Sept. 1, 1939. The reverse of Goetz’s 1918 Armistice medal foretells that future all too clearly: EIN 70 MILLIONEN VOLK LEIDET ABER STIRBT NICHT [70 million people suffer but do not die].

  This article was originally printed in World Coin News. >> Subscribe today.

  If you like what you’ve read here, we invite you to visit our online bookstore to learn more about Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1901-2000.

Learn more >>>

  The post World War I guns fell silent in 1918 appeared first on Numismatic News.

Khám phá hơn 400+ skype icons – icon skype mới nhất 2018

Chắc hẳn bạn cũng đã nghe qua tới phần mềm Skype. Trong các công ty hiện nay hầu như đều sử dụng Skype để trao đổi công việc là chủ yếu. Để cuộc hội thoại của bạn với đồng nghiệp trở nên vui tươi hơn, ý nghĩa hơn thì những skype icons trong mỗi đoạn chat là không thể thiếu. Bài viết dưới đây, hãy cùng cuasotinhoc.net khám phá hơn 400+ skype icons vui nhộn, đáng yêu nhất nhé.

Khám phá hơn 400+ skype icons mới nhất 2018

Hầu hết các icon skype thường đã bị ẩn và các kí tự biểu tượng cảm xúc thông dụng trên skype đều rất ít. Chính vì thế, trong bài viết này chuyên mục biểu tượng - icon của cuasotinhoc sẽ giúp bạn tổng hợp những skype icons thông dụng thường hay dùng và những biểu tượng cảm xúc đã bị ẩn trên skype để bạn có cuộc trò chuyện với bạn bè vui vẻ nhất.

*Lưu ý: Gõ toàn bộ shortcode vào phần chat trên skype, bao gồm cả dấu ngoặc ().

Tổng hợp những skype icons mới nhất và dễ thương nhất

[caption id="attachment_10363" align="aligncenter" width="640"] Tổng hợp những skype icons mới nhất và dễ thương nhất[/caption]

Tổng hợp những skype emotion được mọi người yêu thích nhất

[caption id="attachment_10371" align="aligncenter" width="640"] Tổng hợp những emoticons skype được mọi người yêu thích nhất[/caption]

[caption id="attachment_10372" align="aligncenter" width="640"] Tổng hợp những emoticons skype được mọi người yêu thích nhất[/caption]

[caption id="attachment_10374" align="aligncenter" width="640"] Tổng hợp những emoticons skype được mọi người yêu thích nhất[/caption]

Hướng dẫn cách dùng biểu tượng cảm xúc cho skype – icon skype

Bước 1: Tại ô nhập chat gõ mã skype icon code biểu tượng cảm xúc muốn dùng. Chú ý có cả dấu ngoặc đơn (). Ví dụ: (drunk)

[caption id="attachment_10377" align="aligncenter" width="476"] Hướng dẫn cách dùng biểu tượng cảm xúc cho skype – icon skype[/caption]

Bước 2: Nhấn “send”.

Trên đây, là tổng hợp những icon skype đặc biệt mới nhất năm 2018. Bạn có thể áp dụng trên yahoo hay facebook, zalo đều được.

Hãy thử và cảm nhận điều thú vị ngay nhé, bằng cách gõ thử những biểu tượng cảm xúc, skype icons thú vị này xem nào:

Đấm bốc: (punch)

Chờ đợi: (waiting)

Cười vui vẻ, nhún nhảy cùng điệu nhạc: (lalala)

WTF: (wtf)

Thật thú vị và đáng yêu phải không. Hãy thử áp dụng ngay khi đọc tới đây bạn nhé! Chú ý là gõ cả dấu ngoặc đơn vào nhé.

Hướng dẫn tạo các biểu tượng cảm xúc skype - icon skype hình lá cờ của 237 quốc gia

Hiện nay, trên Skype đã cho phép người dùng tạo những biểu tượng cảm xúc skype icons bằng hình lá cờ Tổ quốc. Để bạn có thể tạo được những biểu tượng cảm xúc hình lá cờ của các quốc gia thì điều quan trọng đầu tiên là cần nhớ mã quốc gia của các nước đó.

Mã shortcode để tạo biểu tượng cảm xúc hình lá cờ như sau: (flag:xx)

Trong đó: xx là mã quốc gia của lá cờ mà bạn muốn tạo.

Ví dụ: Tạo một hình lá cờ Việt Nam sẽ gõ như sau: (flag:vn)

Khi gõ mã lệnh (flag:vn) thì skype sẽ hiện hình ảnh gợi ý. Lúc này, bạn chỉ cần nhấn chọn là xong.

Dưới đây, mình xin chia sẻ tới các bạn 237 mã quốc gia để bạn có thể tạo được những icon skype là hình ảnh lá cờ Tổ quốc của đất nước mình.

STT

Quốc gia

Mã phân biệt quốc gia

1 Afghanistan AF / AFG 2 Albania AL / ALB 3 Algeria DZ / DZA 4 American Samoa AS / ASM 5 Andorra AD / AND 6 Angola AO / AGO 7 Anguilla AI / AIA 8 Antarctica AQ / ATA 9 Antigua and Barbuda AG / ATG 10 Argentina AR / ARG 11 Armenia AM / ARM 12 Aruba AW / ABW 13 Australia AU / AUS 14 Austria AT / AUT 15 Azerbaijan AZ / AZE 16 Bahamas BS / BHS 17 Bahrain BH / BHR 18 Bangladesh BD / BGD 19 Barbados BB / BRB 20 Belarus BY / BLR 21 Belgium BE / BEL 22 Belize BZ / BLZ 23 Benin BJ / BEN 24 Bermuda BM / BMU 25 Bhutan BT / BTN 26 Bolivia BO / BOL 27 Bosnia and Herzegovina BA / BIH 28 Botswana BW / BWA 29 Brazil BR / BRA 30 British Indian Ocean Territory IO / IOT 31 British Virgin Islands VG / VGB 32 Brunei BN / BRN 33 Bulgaria BG / BGR 34 Burkina Faso BF / BFA 35 Burma (Myanmar) MM / MMR 36 Burundi BI / BDI 37 Cambodia KH / KHM 38 Cameroon CM / CMR 39 Canada CA / CAN 40 Cape Verde CV / CPV 41 Cayman Islands KY / CYM 42 Central African Republic CF / CAF 43 Chad TD / TCD 44 Chile CL / CHL 45 China CN / CHN 46 Christmas Island CX / CXR 47 Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC / CCK 48 Colombia CO / COL 49 Comoros KM / COM 50 Republic of the Congo CG / COG 51 Democratic Republic of the Congo CD / COD 52 Cook Islands CK / COK 53 Costa Rica CR / CRC 54 Croatia HR / HRV 55 Cuba CU / CUB 56 Cyprus CY / CYP 57 Czech Republic CZ / CZE 58 Denmark DK / DNK 59 Djibouti DJ / DJI 60 Dominica DM / DMA 61 Dominican Republic DO / DOM 62 Timor-Leste TL / TLS 63 Ecuador EC / ECU 64 Egypt EG / EGY 65 El Salvador SV / SLV 66 Equatorial Guinea GQ / GNQ 67 Eritrea ER / ERI 68 Estonia EE / EST 69 Ethiopia ET / ETH 70 Falkland Islands FK / FLK 71 Faroe Islands FO / FRO 72 Fiji FJ / FJI 73 Finland FI / FIN 74 France FR / FRA 75 French Polynesia PF / PYF 76 Gabon GA / GAB 77 Gambia GM / GMB 78 Gaza Strip / 79 Georgia GE / GEO 80 Germany DE / DEU 81 Ghana GH / GHA 82 Gibraltar GI / GIB 83 Greece GR / GRC 84 Greenland GL / GRL 85 Grenada GD / GRD 86 Guam GU / GUM 87 Guatemala GT / GTM 88 Guinea GN / GIN 89 Guinea-Bissau GW / GNB 90 Guyana GY / GUY 91 Haiti HT / HTI 92 Honduras HN / HND 93 Hong Kong HK / HKG 94 Hungary HU / HUN 95 Iceland IS / IS 96 India IN / IND 97 Indonesia ID / IDN 98 Iran IR / IRN 99 Iraq IQ / IRQ 100 Ireland IE / IRL 101 Isle of Man IM / IMN 102 Israel IL / ISR 103 Italy IT / ITA 104 Ivory Coast CI / CIV 105 Jamaica JM / JAM 106 Japan JP / JPN 107 Jersey JE / JEY 108 Jordan JO / JOR 109 Kazakhstan KZ / KAZ 110 Kenya KE / KEN 111 Kiribati KI / KIR 112 Kosovo / 113 Kuwait KW / KWT 114 Kyrgyzstan KG / KGZ 115 Laos LA / LAO 116 Latvia LV / LVA 117 Lebanon LB / LBN 118 Lesotho LS / LSO 119 Liberia LR / LBR 120 Libya LY / LBY 120 Liechtenstein LI / LIE 122 Lithuania LT / LTU 123 Luxembourg LU / LUX 124 Macau MO / MAC 125 Macedonia MK / MKD 126 Madagascar MG / MDG 127 Malawi MW / MWI 128 Malaysia MY / MYS 129 Maldives MV / MDV 130 Mali ML / MLI 131 Malta MT / MLT 132 Marshall Islands MH / MHL 133 Mauritania MR / MRT 134 Mauritius MU / MUS 135 Mayotte YT / MYT 136 Mexico MX / MEX 137 Micronesia FM / FSM 138 Moldova MD / MDA 139 Monaco MC / MCO 140 Mongolia MN / MNG 141 Montenegro ME / MNE 142 Montserrat MS / MSR 143 Morocco MA / MAR 144 Mozambique MZ / MOZ 145 Namibia NA / NAM 146 Nauru NR / NRU 147 Nepal NP / NPL 148 Netherlands NL / NLD 149 Netherlands Antilles AN / ANT 150 New Caledonia NC / NCL 151 New Zealand NZ / NZL 152 Nicaragua NI / NIC 153 Niger NE / NER 154 Nigeria NG / NGA 155 Niue NU / NIU 156 Norfolk Island / NFK 157 Northern Mariana Islands MP / MNP 158 North Korea KP / PRK 159 Norway NO / NOR 160 Oman OM / OMN 161 Pakistan PK / PAK 162 Palau PW / PLW 163 Panama PA / PAN 164 Papua New Guinea PG / PNG 165 Paraguay PY / PRY 166 Peru PE / PER 167 Philippines PH / PHL 168 Pitcairn Islands PN / PCN 169 Poland PL / POL 170 Portugal PT / PRT 171 Puerto Rico PR / PRI 172 Qatar QA / QAT 173 Romania RO / ROU 174 Russia RU / RUS 175 Rwanda RW / RWA 176 Saint Barthelemy BL / BLM 177 Samoa WS / WSM 178 San Marino SM / SMR 179 Sao Tome and Principe ST / STP 180 Saudi Arabia SA / SAU 181 Senegal SN / SEN 182 Serbia RS / SRB 183 Seychelles SC / SYC 184 Sierra Leone SL / SLE 185 Singapore SG / SGP 186 Slovakia SK / SVK 187 Slovenia SI / SVN 188 Solomon Islands SB / SLB 189 Somalia SO / SOM 190 South Africa ZA / ZAF 191 South Korea KR / KOR 192 Spain ES / ESP 193 Sri Lanka LK / LKA 194 Saint Helena SH / SHN 195 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN / KNA 196 Saint Lucia LC / LCA 197 Saint Martin MF / MAF 198 Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM / SPM 199 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC / VCT 200 Sudan SD / SDN 201 Suriname SR / SUR 202 Svalbard SJ / SJM 203 Swaziland SZ / SWZ 204 Sweden SE / SWE 205 Switzerland CH / CHE 206 Syria SY / SYR 207 Taiwan TW / TWN 208 Tajikistan TJ / TJK 209 Tanzania TZ / TZA 210 Thailand TH / THA 211 Togo TG / TGO 212 Tokelau TK / TKL 213 Tonga TO / TON 214 Trinidad and Tobago TT / TTO 215 Tunisia TN / TUN 216 Turkey TR / TUR 217 Turkmenistan TM / TKM 218 Turks and Caicos Islands TC / TCA 219 Tuvalu TV / TUV 220 United Arab Emirates AE / ARE 221 Uganda UG / UGA 222 United Kingdom GB / GBR 223 Ukraine UA / UKR 224 Uruguay UY / URY 225 United States US / USA 226 Uzbekistan UZ / UZB 227 Vanuatu VU / VUT 228 Holy See (Vatican City) VA / VAT 229 Venezuela VE / VEN 230 Vietnam VN / VNM 231 US Virgin Islands VI / VIR 232 Wallis and Futuna WF / WLF 233 West Bank / 234 Western Sahara EH / ESH 235 Yemen YE / YEM 236 Zambia ZM / ZMB 237 Zimbabwe ZW / ZWE

So với những phần mềm chat hiện nay, Skype được người dùng đánh giá là một trong những phần mềm liên tục đổi mới và cải thiện những tính năng trò chuyện. Skype không chỉ giúp bạn có thể kết nối bạn bè, mà còn cho phép bạn gọi đến bất kỳ thuê bao nào với chất lượng âm thanh khá rõ nét. Không dừng lại ở đó, tốc độ chat trên skype cũng siêu nhanh, những biểu tượng cảm xúc skype, những icon in skype, icon for skype đều không ngừng được đổi mới.

Còn chần chừ gì nữa, hãy thử ngay những biểu tượng cảm xúc trên skype - skype emotion mới nhất 2018 ngay hôm nay nào bạn!

Xem thêm: Tất tần tật các biểu tượng cảm xúc bằng ký tự trên facebook

Cách gõ nhanh biểu tượng cảm xúc, icon trên facebook