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psychologeek · 3 months

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People online: Zionism is colonialism!! Stop eraseing the natives!

Genetic studies: umm. Well, actually -

I'm not biologist! But I try to explain this in simpler words. Feel free to correct me if I misunderstood anything :)

(can't believe I spent about 4 hours on it)

In short - the study compared the Y genes of several different groups - aka the paternal genetic history (father-to-son).

Finding more similarities= genetically closer= has a more common ancestry.

(like, brother is closer then cousin closer then a stranger)

Let's start!

"The investigation of the genetic relationship among three Jewish communities revealed that Kurdish and Sephardic Jews were indistinguishable from one another, whereas both differed slightly, yet significantly, from Ashkenazi Jews. The differences among Ashkenazim may be a result of low-level gene flow from European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation."

AKA: genetically speaking, there's no difference between Jews from various MENA countries (Mizrahim). (Sephardic were mostly Moroccan origins, Kurdish sample mostly north Iraq/Syrian origins)

An important note: Eda refers to the spesific traditions/subgroup, and passed down by the paternal line (father-to-son). This is in order to preserve traditional practices, that were different in different communities (e1)

There's a small genetic difference between Mizrahi jews and Ashkenazi Jews. This could be due to isolation or "low level gene flow" (in other words, converts and (mostly) children born from rape. Which was... way more common then you think. Look up "Pogrom".)

Next!

In a report published elsewhere, we recently showed that Jews and Palestinian Arabs share a large portion of their Y chromosomes, suggesting a common ancestry (Nebel et al. 2000). Surprisingly, in the present study, Jews were found to be even closer to populations in the northern part of the Middle East than to several Arab populations. It is worth mentioning that, on the basis of protein polymorphisms, most Jewish populations cluster very closely with Iraqis (Livshits et al. 1991) and that the latter, in turn, cluster very closely with Kurds (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994). These findings are consistent with known cultural links that existed among populations in the Fertile Crescent in early history.

Here, the mention earlier studies about genetic links between Jews (of all Edot) and Palestinian arabs. This can mean there's a common ancestry to the population (same grand-grand-etc.-father).

Jews are geneticly similar to Iranians, who are geneticly similar to Kurds (e2)

Those genetic links aren't suprising, and consistent with what we know from history about population and communities in the Fertile Crescent area.

Muslim Kurds

The Kurds are considered an ancient autochthonous population (Kinnane 1970; Pelletiere 1984) who may even be the descendants of the shepherds who first populated the highlands during the Neolithic period (Comas et al. 2000). Although Kurdistan came under the successive dominion of various conquerors, including the Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Ottoman Turks, and Iraqis (Kinnane 1970), they may be the only western Asian group that remained relatively unmixed by the influx of invaders, because of their protected and inhospitable mountainous homeland (Pelletiere 1984). The Y chromosome variation of Muslim Kurds falls within the spectrum observed in other populations (Turks and Armenians) living in the same region. The three populations are closer to Jews and Arabs than to Europeans. This is in good agreement with data on classical markers (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994). However, on the basis of mtDNA polymorphisms, Kurds were reported to be more closely related to Europeans than to Middle Easterners (Comas et al. 2000).

Kurds are very ancient ethnic group. Possibly the only western-asian group that remained relatively unmixed, despite (pointing history).

Kurds Y chromosomes are pretty similar to those in the same area (Turks and Armenians), and those three groups Y chromosomes are more similar to Jews and Arabs then to Europeans.

Now, that's interesting: the similarities is also in classical markers, but it's different from studies on mtDNA (Maternal/mother line), which then shows more similar to Europeans than Arabs and Jews.

(idk if there are rumours/historical kurds stories/traditions about Patriarch communities with brides from distance? Or Matriarch communities with grooms from the (other) distance? But it sounds like the historical story is something like that.

Palestinian Arabs and Bedouin

Bedouin are largely nomadic Arab herders, with a tribal organization. They live in all Arab countries, constituting about one tenth of the population (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994). The Bedouin population of the Negev desert was found to be most distant from Jews and Muslim Kurds and to be closely related only to Palestinians. Both these Arab populations differ from the other Middle Eastern groups sampled for the present study, mainly in having a higher frequency of Eu 10 chromosomes, the majority of which they share with each other. Traditional marriage practices—such as male polygamy, a high rate of consanguineous marriages, and patrilocality—may have enhanced the low haplogroup and haplotype diversity of the Negev Bedouin, as was suggested elsewhere for the Bedouin tribes in the Sinai Peninsula (Salem et al. 1996).

Bedouins from the Negev (Southern Israel) were most different from Jews and Muslim-kurds, and closely related to Palestinian Arabs. Both Arab groups were(geneticly) very similar to eachother, but different from the other Middle Eastern groups in the study.

The main difference was a higher frequency of Eu 10 chromosomes, that were similar in the 2 groups.

We propose that the Y chromosomes in Palestinian Arabs and Bedouin represent, to a large extent, early lineages derived from the Neolithic inhabitants of the area and additional lineages from more-recent population movements. The early lineages are part of the common chromosome pool shared with Jews (Nebel et al. 2000). According to our working model, the more-recent migrations were mostly from the Arabian Peninsula, as is seen in the Arab-specific Eu 10 chromosomes that include the modal haplotypes observed in Palestinians and Bedouin. These haplotypes and their one-step microsatellite neighbors constitute a substantial portion of the total Palestinian (29%) and Bedouin (37.5%) Y chromosome pools and were not found in any of the non-Arab populations in the present study. The peripheral position of the modal haplotypes, with few links in the network (fig. 5), suggests that the Arab-specific chromosomes are a result of recent gene flow. Historical records describe tribal migrations from Arabia to the southern Levant in the Byzantine period, migrations that reached their climax with the Muslim conquest 633–640 a.d.; Patrich 1995). Indeed, Arab-specific haplotypes have been observed at significant frequencies in Muslim Arabs from Sena (56%) and the Hadramaut (16%) in the Yemen (Thomas et al. 2000). Thus, although Y chromosome data of Arabian populations are limited, it seems very likely that populations from the Arabian Peninsula were the source of these chromosomes. The genetic closeness, in classical protein markers, of Bedouin to Yemenis and Saudis (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994) supports an Arabian origin of the Bedouin. The alternative explanation for the distribution of the Arab-specific haplotypes (i.e., random genetic drift) is unlikely. It is difficult to imagine that the different populations in the Yemen and the southern Levant, in which Arab-specific chromosomes have been detected at moderate-to-high frequencies, would have drifted in the same direction.

The eu10 Y chromosomes geneticly linked to the arab peninsula, and wasn't found in non-arab population. It's very possible that arab-Palestinians and Bedouins are the descendants of immigrants and population movement, possibly during the Caliphate - the Muslim Empire (Arab dynasties 632-1258; Mamluk Sultanate 1250-1517; ottoman/turkish 1517-1924) (e2)

Example and more information undercut:

Eda (plural - Edot): community, subgroup. Usually refers to a group using different Minhagim (traditions).

For example, my Yemeni ancestors only said the "Hamotzi" prayer (said before eating bread) during Passover, as wheat was rare and expensive, and wasn't a usual part of their diet.

Another differences include Te'amim (ways to read the Torah. Sort of like 🎶 for voice); Kitniyot (o lo lithiyot/jk) - do you eat it on passover? What about the oil?; certain holidays (traditional Mimuna, Sigd.) (Yat kislev🙈)

Through history, even though most Jewish communities weren't completely isolated from one another, it still took a lot of time to pass questions and information. So different places gained different traditions.

Basically, it goes "(go by) paternal traditions" (מנהג אבות)

In the past, people that moved from one community to another would take over the new traditions.

Since moving and immigration became far more common, and started to move as communities, people kept their traditions. For example, in my area I have 5 small synagogues, each was founded by a community from different diaspora that wanted to keep their traditions.

And it's okay! It's even great 😸

(e2) kurds:

Oh look, another ethnic group fighting for freedom and right for self government.

Population: about 30m ppl worldwide. In current geography, the land split between Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Also fighting ISIS. Look up YPJ.

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vaidyaslaboratory · 13 days

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Enhancing Women’s Health: Advanced Gynecological and Obstetric Diagnostics at Dr. Vaidya’s Laboratory

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#Prenatal Care #Women's Health #NIPT Testing #Genetic Screening #Obstetric Diagnostics #Gynecological Services #Dr. Vaidya's Laboratory

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audubonfertility · 4 months

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Unlock essential knowledge on Genetic Carrier Screening with Audubon Fertility. Our detailed article provides a thorough understanding of the process, its significance in family planning, and the potential impacts on your future child's health. Ideal for couples seeking informed, proactive approaches to reproductive health.

#Genetic Carrier Screening #Genetic Carrier #Genetic Screening #Carrier Screening

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tenth-sentence · 5 months

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In response to the outcry against the early practices characteristic of the sickle-cell-screening programs, reforms were incorporated into the National Genetic Diseases Act: at the state and local levels, screening and counseling programs were made voluntary rather than mandatory; eligibility for other federal services was not to hinge on participation; and the results were to be kept confidential.

"In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity" - Daniel J. Kevles

#book quote #in the name of eugenics #daniel j kevles #nonfiction #sickle cell anemia #sickle cell disease #genetic screening #national genetic diseases act #voluntary #mandatory #genetic counseling #confidentiality

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whats-in-a-sentence · 5 months

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Genetic-screening laws struck Jonathan Beckwith, a professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at Harvard Medical School, as potentially "the opening wedge for a eugenics program." In 1974, in an article in Psychology Today, Beckwith and two younger co-authors warned that "in the age of the technological fix, this country is heading for genetic and behavioral control of society." They continued, "Who will exercise the control? Who will make the decisions about which genes are defective, and which behavior abnormal? Who will make the decisions about the genetic worth of prospective human beings?"²⁶

26. Lappé, Genetic Politics, pp. 70, 90-93; Samuel P. Bessman and Judith P. Swazey, "Phenylketonuria: A Study of Biochemical Legislation", in E. Mendelsohn, J. P. Swazey, and I. Taviss, eds., Human Aspects of Biomedical Innovation (Harvard University Press, 1971), pp. 50-51; President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Screening and Counseling for Genetic Conditions: The Ethical, Social, and Legal Implications of Genetic Screening, Counseling, and Education Programs (Government Printing Office, 1983), pp. 13-14; Committee for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism . . . National Research Council, Genetic Screening: Programs, Principles, and Research, pp. 24-25, 28, 29, 51, 92-93. Ausubel, Beckwith, and Janssen, "The Politics of Genetic Engineering: Who Decides Who's Defective?" p. 45. Tracy Sonneborn, a colleague of H. J. Muller, though sympathetic to germinal choice, privately challenged its control by any centralized group of sages. "Even if the sages were all truly Sages, there is a Hitlerian overtone that is repugnant." Sonneborn to Muller, Sept. 28, 1965, Hermann J. Muller Papers, Germinal Choice file, box IV.

"In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity" - Daniel J. Kevles

#book quotes #in the name of eugenics #daniel j kevles #nonfiction #genetic screening #law #jonathan beckwith #harvard medical school #microbiology #molecular genetics #70s #1970s #20th century #psychology today #questions #eugenics #ethics #defective #abnormal

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drdodulmondal · 7 months

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Understanding Your Genes: Simple Guide to Genetic Testing

Genetic screening, a bit like a DNA checkup, helps us see what's hidden inside our genes. It's like peeking into a secret code that makes us who we are. This test can spot if we have any gene changes that might cause health problems, like cancer. One top expert in genetic screening is Dr. Dodul Mondal has years of experience in helping people understand their genetic risks for cancer.

#genetic screening #genetic #screening #Genetic Testing #oncologist

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govic17 · 1 year

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Health for the Under 50 Crowd: Proposals and Warnings

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#Colorectal cancer #Genetic screening

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suchananewsblog · 1 year

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Should We Be Testing Everyone’s DNA?

Kelly Kashmer credit genetic testing with saving her life. In 2014, throughout a routine medical appointment, a doctor’s assistant started asking questions on her family and their experiences with most cancers. As she mentally climbed her household tree, she recalled her grandmother on her mom’s facet, and an aunt, had each been identified with most cancers. The particulars had been fuzzy. (She’d…

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#DNA screening #DNA testing #genetic screening #genetic testing

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nofacednerd · 7 months

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finished watching the first 3 episodes of Gen V. I was super hesitant at first because honestly I don't watch The Boys for the supes and I was worried that the whole show was just going to be "everyone is a terrible person and they're all doing terrible things to each other as a spectacle" but I am SO glad that it's not that.

I was especially expecting Cate to be a huge asshole to everyone and Marie to be edgy and standoffish to everyone so finding out that they're both genuinely kind people that are struggling with the social dynamics that come with being a superhero was such a welcome suprise. Same thing with Luke tbh, I expected him to be a Homelander clone but he's so much better than I expected.

#The Boys #Gen V #like. there isn't a single main character that I dislike??#Luke and Andre destroying the toxic masculinity allegations by platonically saying I love you every like 30 minutes #The main group are more similar to Annie than the rest of The Seven and I appreciate that #(spoilers)#wish luke got more screen time though #ALSO I WISH MAVERICK WAS A MAIN CHARACTER ARE YOU KIDDING ME???#DUDE I NEED TO HEAR IMMEDIATELY ABOUT HIS DADDY ISSUES #WHY HAVEN'T THEY MENTIONED THAT HIS DAD WAS TRANSLUCENT YET #WHY IS HE THE RA SIDE CHARACTER #maverick having the same powers as his dad also implies that what powers you get has a genetic component which I've been wondering about #for AGES

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charleslee-valentine · 5 months

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compilation of Paris looks I think are perfect for miss Amber Sweet <3

#repo! the genetic opera #r!tgo #amber sweet #carmela largo #she deserved even more outfits and definitely more screen time #Amber my beloved you deserve the world

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tenth-sentence · 5 months

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Despite the increasing recognition of genetic risk, it is estimated that in the United States in 1979 and 1980 only half the pregnant women who were deemed medically appropriate for amniocentesis underwent the procedure, and it was being performed on only ten percent of the comparable group in Britain.

"In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity" - Daniel J. Kevles

#book quote #in the name of eugenics #daniel j kevles #nonfiction #genetic risk #genetics #heredity #united states #genetic screening #70s #1970s #80s #1980s #20th century #pregnant women #pregnancy #amniocentesis #britain

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whats-in-a-sentence · 1 year

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Genetic screens for mutants affecting trichome development have led to the discovery of genes regulating trichome patterning – especially trichome density and spacing (Figure 19.13). (...) One class shows fewer or no trichomes, indicative of the absence of proteins that are positive regulators of trichome formation (see Figure 19.13B). (...) The second class of trichome patterning mutants has either more trichomes or unevenly spaced trichomes (trichome clusters), and the corresponding genes therefore encode proteins that act as negative regulators of trichome development (see Figure 19.13C and D).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quotes #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #genetic screening #trichomes #gene regulation #proteins #mutant #mutation

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