Who deserves their comemmoration more, Cincinattus or Scipio Africanus?
Scipio Africanus. By a Roman mile.
Cincinnatus is famous for being given absolute power to protect Rome as dictator, doing his appointed job, and then setting the power down. Twice. A laudable feat, to be sure, but there's a few things to keep in mind before you idolize him...
Cincinnatus was not Rome's first dictator. The office, and its limits, were (supposedly) well established by his time.
He couldn't have held onto power indefinitely, because the army and government would have refused to recognize his authority beyond his appointed term. In fact, Rome appointed dictators regularly at times of crisis, and prior to Sulla it never actually threatened Roman democracy.
Cincinnatus was not a fan of democracy as we'd know it today. He was a patrician who opposed granting equal rights to plebeians or letting them run for office. His second term as dictator was used to halt a potential popular uprising and he killed a plebeian agitator extrajudicially.
Everything I just said? Might be false! Cincinnatus predates Roman recorded history by about 200 years, and his story may have been distorted and romanticized over time.
Scipio Africanus, on the other hand, is most famous as the defeater of Hannibal and hero of the Second Punic War. What makes him so special?
One of the most capable generals Rome ever produced, and one of very few generals in world history who were never defeated. His innovative tactics, intelligence gathering techniques, strategic designs, logistics, and diplomatic skills with non-Roman allies are studied by officers to this day.
I repeat, this boy defeated Hannibal. While outnumbered. On Hannibal's home turf. With an army that he had to raise and pay for himself because the Senate didn't like him.
A major part of Scipio's success was his ability to ally with and advocate for non-Romans. He took Spain from the Carthaginians as much through diplomacy and fair treatment of the Spaniards as through actual battles; he did so again by turning the Numidians to Rome's side, and even secured Numidian independence after the war.
Scipio was also famous for refusing to enslave or exterminate civilians, to allow his soldiers to harass the locals, or to mistreat prisoners of war. He avoided taking hostages or sacking/burning towns whenever the stiuation allowed. By the standards of his time, Scipio was an exceptionally humane and open-minded man.
Scipio was so goddamn good at war the Romans started thinking he must've been getting messages from the gods. They thought that was more plausible than the truth, which was that...
Scipio's methods were weird by Roman standards. Ambushes, intelligence gathering, generals remaining behind the front lines to observe and direct battle, these were all seen as cowardly and unmanly. That plus his "effeminate" (read: Greek) style of dress and fondness for the arts makes him pretty interesting from a gender studies perspective. Ultimately, both the military and the fashionistas came around to imitating Scipio.
According to Polybius, Scipio was also offered the dictatorship (after the Second Punic War), but declined. He was loyal to Rome's republican system and all his political acts were through traditional legal channels.
Despite all this, the Senate actually treated Scipio pretty badly. Cato the Elder spent much of his career attacking Scipio for being "too Greek," "too kingly," and eventually tried to put Scipio and his brother on trial for some very dubious charges. But unlike some politicians, who would've marched an army on Rome or assassinated their enemies or started a gang war in the streets, Scipio grudgingly left Rome and settled for a quiet retirement in Liternum.
See my Scipio Africanus tag for more!
Anyways. There aren't a lot of Roman politicians I respect, but Scipio Africanus is one of them.
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Astrólogo en Paynesville
#Cáncer: Amor: Noche oportuna para conquistar el corazón de la persona que le quita el sueño, ya que se sentirá atraído por esa persona que usted creía que era una amistad.
Tarot Y Videncia:
Llámanos Ahora
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Para resolver los problemas del corazón y entregarnos a la felicidad. ¡Los temas del corazón son tan complejos! Cuando el amor no ha tocado a la puerta nos sentimos ansiosos por encontrar a la paraje ideal y una vez que la tenemos nos enfrentamos al miedo de perderla. En cualquiera de los casos no hay de qué preocuparnos porque el tarot amor nos brinda la ayuda necesaria para triunfar en una relación.
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Y’ALL I FOUND CHICKEN OF THE WOODS AT PONY LESSIES
Sammich is sautéed chicken mushies on toasted roll with bww garlic sauce and dill pickle
Editing to add psa to never eat mushrooms you cannot with 100% certainty identify. Chicken does not have too many lookalikes once you’ve had some experience foraging, so its one of the few i will eat.
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