#Prevention of the Most Common Pet Diseases
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Turns out an 80% hay diet - which House Rabbit Society purports as part of what they consider to be the only humane diet for rabbits - may actually be in and of itself actively harmful to rabbits.
Post directly copied from MMC Farmstead on Facebook:
"This is what the back teeth and cheek of a rabbit who was feed a 80% hay diet looks like.
the dental spurs caused by the hay are razor sharp and sliced groves into the inner cheek and tounge.
Every bite this rabbit took was agony due to how a hay heavy diet unevenly wears the teeth and causes malocusion.
Pellets are formulated to help prevent this by being the correct hardness. A healthy well bred rabbit does not require any thing special to keep teeth in check they file them down naturally in a motion referred to as " Bruxing".
This is one of many reasons why Hay should be restricted in Rabbit diets , and is not nessicarry when fed a properly balanced complete pellet .
We do not recomend Feeding hay to rabbits as a staple.
Hay is for enrichment and medicinal/transitional use only.
Hay dilutes the nutrients already in a balanced feed regimen, causes dental impaction, tooth spurs, abscesses. Its difficulty to chew causes mechanical maloculsion.
Hay from a nutrition perspective is not easily defined as a base nutrient , with the levels of protien and quality of other nutrients dependent on the individual harvest .
Hay is also a vector for disease, coccidia, mites, RHDV2, EC ,And many other vectors are carried into the Rabbitry on hay.
We also Run bunclub which is an educational group here: Bun Club
references :
2017 Shape Variation in the Craniomandibular System and Prevalence of Dental Problems in Domestic Rabbits: A Case Study in Evolutionary Veterinary Science
Vet Sci. 2017 Mar; 4(1): 5. Published online 2017 Jan 24. doi: 10.3390/vetsci4010005 PMCID: PMC5606619 PMID: 29056664 Christine Böhmer1,* and Estella Böhmer2 Patrick Butaye, Academic Editor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606619/
" Hay seems to be the most mechanically challenging food as it is tougher and stiffer than pellets ......... [70]. It requires more chews per gram to be processed which results in longer chewing bouts compared to pellets and carrots. This means that over a longer period of time the teeth are predominantly axially loaded due to the elevated bite force. If we take into consideration that hay with a lot of hard stems has reduced nutritive properties and potential limits on digestibility, then rabbits eating predominantly hay need to consume large quantities to meet basic metabolic and nutritional demands [70]. All of this promotes retrograde tooth elongation and incursion of the apices into the adjacent bone (most common finding in malocclusions) [1]. Furthermore, hay also promotes periodontal diseases (impacted food) and, therefore is not the best nutrition for rabbits [31]. Grasses and other fresh plants, however, are abrasive, but relatively soft and, thus, can be ground down with relatively low axial load of the cheek teeth as the primary strain on the (pre-) molars occurs in a more physiological laterorostral direction with the aid of the shearing power stroke"""
"Considering additionally that hay is more resistant than fresh grasses, it seems logical to develop further the hypothesis that pet and breeding rabbits had to develope stronger jaw muscles and secondarily larger axial bite forces than their wild counterparts to be able to crush their unnatural food more effectively. This might be supported by a shorter skull and more vertically oriented muscle fibers whereas a longer skull with a more anteriorly positioned masseter muscle (as seen in wild rabbits) reduces the vertical bite force due to a greater distribution of bite forces on all cheek teeth. As teeth at the rear of the dentition generally exert higher bite forces than the more rostrally positioned teeth, this might be an explanation for the found tendency of the cheek teeth to shift caudally in the group of the domestic rabbits. Furthermore, the presence of stronger muscles may explain the more salient appearance of the caudoventral part of the masseteric fossa (mandibular angle) in pet rabbits, as in different mammals (re-)modeling of the mandibular cortical bone has proven to be associated with oral processing of tough food (reviewed in [70]). This research has shown that especially a postnatal variation in diet-related jaw-loading patterns had a marked influence on the masticatory bone formation, leading to morphological variations between sister taxa in the long term [70]. With age, however, plasticity decreases. Based on this, rabbit breeders feeding predominantly pellets and hay seem to promote malocclusions in adult rabbits unknowingly as the masticatory apparatus of the weanlings is exposed to unphysiological strains that may result in changes of the skull morphology."
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Genetic and environmental factors influencing tooth and jaw malformations in rabbits
Korn, A. K., Brandt, H. R., & Erhardt, G. (2016). Genetic and environmental factors influencing tooth and jaw malformations in rabbits. Veterinary Record, 178(14), 341–341. doi:10.1136/vr.103293
https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103293
<- this describes tooth morphology but also makes a strong case to increasing rabbit calcium levels as I have stated in earlier posts. all these rabbit were fed with free choice hay . latter studies showed a correlation between hay and instance of tooth issues when rabbits were fed a limited diet."
Pictures mentioned in the post added below 👇
#absolutely wild#rabbits#there are some things they said that may not totally have scientific basis in their own words but#still entirely worth sharing
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Do you have any unpopular and/or strong opinions about car care? Products people get or don’t when they should?
I’m in the freaking out about getting a cat soon stage lol
🩵💜🩵💜
hiiii<3 congratulations you have pressed my special interest button! I have extremely strong opinions on proper cat care from the perspective of a rescuer since every day I am faced with cleaning up the messes of people who do NOT take care of their cats properly. I am putting everything under the cut since this will include mentions of animal abuse/neglect etc. And also it’s going to be very long I fear.
First and foremost as I’m sure you will soon be able to tell animal welfare is something I am very very passionate about. Rescue work is my entire life. These are all things I have had to repeat over and over to people who just don’t care/don’t get it and so if some of it sounds aggressive that is NOT directed at you (Michal) 😭 I’m talking to the royal you here since this is advice for everybody.
the most important thing in the world is to make sure your cat is FIXED. if she is coming from a rescue she likely already is, but if shes not, make sure you have an appointment set up to get it + rabies and FVRCP vaccines done asap (I also recommend getting the feline leukemia vaccine, which is not usually done in house by rescues). I would even make the appointment now if you know when you are bringing her home. on top of preventing countless health issues down the road, it will also keep her from reproducing if she ever accidentally gets outside. not only is that awful for the mom cat but we already have enough homeless kittens out there tyvm. PS this is just as important for male cats.
speaking of which, do not let your pet cat free roam outside*. Ever. here is a handy article outlining just a few of the many many reason why it is a terrible and irresponsible thing to do. I dont care if you think you live in a low risk area, or if your cat seems to want to get outside, or if you've had outdoor cats before with no issue. I have had to scrape countless dead cats out of the roadway after being hit by cars because their owners let them outside. Rat poison (very commonly found around peoples houses and in trash cans), if ingested, will literally cause an animal to exsanguinate and die in agony. Other stray cats in the area could be carrying FIV/FeLV or worse. If any of your neighbors grow lilies and your cat brushes against one and licks the pollen from their fur, they will die. There’s just so many reasons to keep your cats indoors I could go on about this forever. if you absolutely must take your cat outside either leash train them (properly, dont just take them out on a leash for the first time and expect them to be okay with it) or get a kitty stroller. But there are PLENTY of ways to keep your cat enriched and entertained indoors. Cat trees, shelves, bird feeders outside, interactive toys, treat dispensers, just to name a few. Go on chewy.com and just browse. They have an excellent selection and great customer service. Another alternative is building a catio! Just make sure your cat receives regular flea/tick treatment year round.
avoid the hell out of those backpack carriers with the clear plastic windows. those are terrifying for cats to be in they feel completely exposed and the ventilation is shit. get a proper hard sided (plastic) carrier. I recommend one with two doors (one on the front and one on top, otherwise known as a top loading carrier). When you travel outside or in the car be sure to cover the carrier with a towel or blanket. This calms them down a lot. The reasons I recommend against soft/mesh carriers are: they are impossible to clean or sanitize if your cat has an accident (very common in the car) or contracts an infectious disease, they provide no protection in the event of being dropped or if you are in a car accident or if you run into a cat-aggressive dog in the vet waiting room, and especially anxious cats can and will fight their way out of them and having a terrified cat loose in your car on your way to the vet is extremely dangerous for both of you.
Expect your new cat to be scared and shy for a few days-to-weeks, minimum. This isn’t always the case, but it is more often than not. I have had so many cats returned for not being friendly enough right away because adopters were too impatient to wait. It takes cats time to decompress in a new environment. I recommend keeping your new cat in a separate room like a bathroom or small bedroom for the first few days so a) it is less overwhelming and b) once you allow them access to the rest of the house, that room will be their “safe space” to retreat to. Also normal when a cat has experienced an environmental shift are: mild vomiting and/or diarrhea (I recommend keeping the cat on whatever diet they have been fed previously and doing a slow transition to your food of choice, + add in probiotics. Proviable and Fortiflora are two brands I like, both available on chewy), hiding in one place for the first 24ish hours, and occasionally stress induced urinary issues such as UTIs. To best avoid the latter make sure their litter box is somewhere they can get to easily without encountering any human or animal traffic. But don’t put it next to their food/water obviously.
And speaking of food/water! Cats tend not to like their food to be right next to their water. I recommend placing the dishes a few feet away at least if not in separate areas of the room. Also, cats by nature do not drink enough water usually so some amount of wet food in their diet is pretty important, and water fountains/bubblers also help get them to drink more. Chronic dehydration can cause urinary issues and more. Dry food is better for their teeth but higher in carbs and a dry-only diet often leads to an overweight cat, and wet food can cause plaque buildup faster but has a much higher moisture content. A balance of both is ideal. Avoid raw diets as well as these food brands: Hartz**, kit & caboodle, meow mix, friskies.
If you keep houseplants, be very very careful. Cats are curious and love to chew on anything that smells like nature and will go out of their way to do so, but a LOT of common houseplants are toxic to cats (for example, every part of the Lily flower, if ingested and not treated immediately, will kill your cat within a day). The ASPCA has a database online to search for plants and see if they are toxic or not.
The rule of thumb with litter boxes is 1 per cat +1. So if you have one cat, you need a minimum of 2 litter boxes, preferably in separate rooms of the house. Corners and secluded areas with little foot traffic are ideal. Make sure the box is the length of your cat standing up + about 6 inches for ideal comfort. Avoid “lightweight” litter; it’s super dusty and very fine and can irritate both your lungs and your cat’s lungs.
Stay on top of your annual vet exams. Even if your cat seems perfectly healthy it’s better safe than sorry, and having a good rapport with your veterinarian makes it much easier to deal with them in the event of an emergency. And on that topic, make sure you know where your local ER vets are + their hours and phone numbers. Cats are tough and resilient but they are also fragile and stupid.
*obviously different rules may apply if your cat is feral or semi feral and cannot live happily indoors. It is not typically a good idea to try and force a feral/working cat to be strictly indoors before they’re ready. But a regular domestic pet cat does not ever “need” to be outside, nor is it cruel to keep them in. This doesn’t always stop them from being interested though, so be careful around doors until you know how your cat will behave around them.
**while the other brands are just low in nutrients, high in filler byproducts, and just overall not super healthy, Hartz brand products (especially their flea and tick medication and shampoos) have been known to straight up kill peoples pets. Like, a LOT. I have seen this happen countless times. Everyone I know who’s ever used a Hartz product has a horror story about it. Do not ask me how they’re still in fucking business.
Honestly that’s all I can think of off the top of my head but I’m sure I’m forgetting some stuff. If you have any specific questions you can hit me up, I don’t mind! Part of my job as a rescuer is educating the public so this is information I am very happy to share. Congrats on your new kitty and good luck!!!!
#catposting#I know some people are gonna disagree with some of this and I honestly don’t care#you cannot even imagine the things I have seen as a rescuer and so many of those horrors could have been prevented by people following#this advice#so yes feel free to send follow up questions or whatever but I’m not going to debate any of this with anyone#asks#office hours
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Monster Spotlight: Pugwampi
CR 1/2
Neutral Evil Tiny Fey
Bestiary 2, pg. 144
Like many creatures I’ve been bringing up as of late, the Pugwampi here is one of many species’ of Gremlin, tiny Fey which live to cause misery, and which love living among other sapient races because they find endless joy in breaking things and causing general chaos. Pugwampi stand out a bit in this regard, because they’re universally hated by pretty much every creature that’s capable of hate... even other gremlins, who steer clear of Pugwampi settlements as if they were leper colonies. It should be noted that gremlins usually LOVE working with other gremlins, even those of different species’, which should give you an idea of how unpleasant these things are. Not even the Grimple and their infestations of Gremlin Lice are as despised!
It’s almost enough to draw one’s pity, but you should never pity any gremlin. Pugwampi are hated because they hate everything, cackling loudly at the misfortune and sadness of others and going out of their way to rig up traps and accidents to cause pain and misery. It says a lot that their most common “prank” is smearing sharp objects like nails, wood splinters, and their own weapons with excrement before hiding them in places someone may step on them, lay on them, or prick their fingers. They dig out pits, put up tripwires, break locks, contaminate food, use their 1/day Shatter to destroy small items, and all the other lovely actions we’ve come to appreciate gremlins for over the years, though it’s aided by their ability to Speak With Animals and wrangle beasts of various stripes into aiding them in their schemes. Their favorite? Stirges. The filthy mosquitos are practically pets to the Pugwampi, who are eager to keep their monstrous assistants fed on the blood of any unfortunate that enters their territory.
Like most gremlins, Pugwampi not especially dangerous on their own, even when armed with their preferred weapons--daggers and shortbows--so they often rely on the assistance of their trained beasts to distract or fight back against anything that threatens them. Unless they critically strike, an attack from either weapon does only 1 nonlethal damage, so Pugwampi tend to rely on tricks, traps, and allied animals to batter persistent attackers into submission. Also preventing them from being an outright lethal threat is the fact they’re consummate cowards and will almost never approach any creature it doesn’t have an obvious and measurable advantage over. They pop out of their hiding spots onto to laugh uproariously at a creature that falls for their diseased jokes before scattering into the shadows when their victim gets back to their feet, as the only thing standing between their 6 HP and whatever weapon a victim has is DR 2/cold iron.
... Well, and their Unluck Aura, which is a pretty hefty defense. The reason even other gremlins hate to be around Pugwampi is that each one projects a 20ft, irresistible aura of misfortune that causes any creature inside to roll twice for ANY d20 roll they make and use the lower result. Ironically, this doesn’t affect animals, other gremlins, and gnolls (which Pugwampi view as objects of worship, much to the gnolls’ annoyance), but other gremlins will blame Pugwampi for EVERY bit of bad luck and misfortune they experience even when the dog-faced Fey had nothing to do with it. Aside from the animal/gremlin/gnoll exclusion the aura is completely indiscriminate, afflicting ally and enemy alike and making the little bastards incredibly hard to work with for more skilled villains, even if they manage to bully the Pugwampi into obedience. It’s probably for the best that they evoke revulsion and disgust in other beings, because any villain that realized their potential could have the little buggers sneak around with their +17 to Stealth checks and watch the chaos unfold as the party of adventurers that gave them so much trouble before crumbles beneath their constant disadvantage.
I find it a little funny that even the gnolls they revere see them as pests to be exterminated, but the gnolls can still see the worth of having a few around, locked in cages as pets. It brings to mind the idea of a gnoll throwing a sack with a Pugwampi in it among an adventuring party, treating it like a dangerous explosive or chemical... but the real danger is the aura radiating off it, which a party may not realize is even impacting them until the fight against the gnoll attackers is becoming mysteriously one-sided. A gnoll pack with even one Pugwampi in their fold becomes obnoxiously difficult to harm until the gremlin is slain, and really, gremlins are all about making lives harder, so really they’re succeeding just by doing nothing in these cases.
Any gnoll pack trying to exploit the gremlins had better find a way to neutralize their prey’s luckstones first, though, because even a meager +1 luck bonus to any stat completely shields someone from the Unluck Aura and renders the gremlins utterly useless.
You can read more about them here.
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Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth, assists in suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly fluoride) to help prevent tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (gingivitis).[1] Owing to differences in composition and fluoride content, not all toothpastes are equally effective in maintaining oral health. The decline of tooth decay during the 20th century has been attributed to the introduction and regular use of fluoride-containing toothpastes worldwide.[2][3] Large amounts of swallowed toothpaste can be poisonous.[4] Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or green tint) and blue.Toothpaste from a tube being applied to a toothbrush
Usefulnessedit
Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. Toothpastes containing fluoride are effective at preventing tooth decay.[2][5][6]Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-up, promoting healthy gums. A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal.[7] However, the active ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use.[8]
Ingredients
Safetyedit
Fluorideedit
Fluoride-containing toothpaste can be acutely toxic if swallowed in large amounts,[53][54] but instances are exceedingly rare and result from prolonged and excessive use of toothpaste (i.e. several tubes per week).[55] Approximately 15 mg/kg body weight is the acute lethal dose, even though as small amount as 5 mg/kg may be fatal to some children.[56]
The risk of using fluoride is low enough that the use of full-strength toothpaste (1350–1500 ppm fluoride) is advised for all ages. However, smaller volumes are used for young children, for example, a smear of toothpaste until three years old.[54] A major concern of dental fluorosis is for children under 12 months ingesting excessive fluoride through toothpaste. Nausea and vomiting are also problems which might arise with topical fluoride ingestion.[56]
Diethylene glycoledit
The inclusion of sweet-tasting but toxic diethylene glycol in Chinese-made toothpaste led to a recall in 2007 involving multiple toothpaste brands in several nations.[57] The world outcry made Chinese officials ban the practice of using diethylene glycol in toothpaste.[58]
Triclosanedit
Reports have suggested triclosan, an active ingredient in many kinds of toothpastes, can combine with chlorine in tap water to form chloroform.[59] An animal study revealed the chemical might modify hormone regulation, and many other lab researches proved bacteria might be able to develop resistance to triclosan in a way which can help them to resist antibiotics also.[60]
Polyethylene glycol – PEGedit
PEG is a common ingredient in some of the formulas of toothpastes; it is a hydrophilic polymer that acts as a dispersant in toothpastes. Also, it is used in many cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulas, for example: ointments, osmotic laxatives, some of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, other medications and household products.[61]However, 37 cases of PEG hypersensitivity(delayed and immediate) to PEG-containing substances have been reported since 1977,[62]suggesting that they have unrecognized allergenic potential.[62]
Miscellaneous issues and debatesedit
With the exception of toothpaste intended to be used on pets such as dogs and cats, and toothpaste used by astronauts, most toothpaste is not intended to be swallowed, and doing so may cause nausea or diarrhea. Tartar fighting toothpastes have been debated.[63] Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been proposed to increase the frequency of mouth ulcers in some people, as it can dry out the protective layer of oral tissues, causing the underlying tissues to become damaged.[64] In studies conducted by the university of Oslo on recurrent aphthous ulcers, it was found that SLS has a denaturing effect on the oral mucinlayer, with high affinity for proteins, thereby increasing epithelial permeability.[65] In a double-blind cross-over study, a significantly higher frequency of aphthous ulcers was demonstrated when patients brushed with an SLS-containing versus a detergent-free toothpaste. Also patients with Oral Lichen Planus who avoided SLS-containing toothpaste benefited.[66][67]
Alteration of taste perceptionedit
After using toothpaste, orange juice and other fruit juices are known to have an unpleasant taste if consumed shortly afterwards. Sodium lauryl sulfate, used as a surfactant in toothpaste, alters taste perception. It can break down phospholipids that inhibit taste receptors for sweetness, giving food a bitter taste. In contrast, apples are known to taste more pleasant after using toothpaste.[68]Distinguishing between the hypotheses that the bitter taste of orange juice results from stannous fluoride or from sodium lauryl sulfate is still an unresolved issue and it is thought that the menthol added for flavor may also take part in the alteration of taste perception when binding to lingual cold receptors.[citation needed]
Whitening toothpastesedit
Many toothpastes make whitening claims. Abrasion is the principal action way that they remove stains: this is also true for toothpastes that are not marketing as whitening.[69] Some of these toothpastes contain peroxide, the same ingredient found in tooth bleaching gels. Whitening toothpaste cannot alter the natural color of teeth or reverse discoloration by penetrating surface stains or decay. To remove surface stains, whitening toothpaste may include abrasives to gently polish the teeth or additives such as sodium tripolyphosphate to break down or dissolve stains. When used twice a day, whitening toothpaste typically takes two to four weeks to make teeth appear whiter. Whitening toothpaste is generally safe for daily use, but excessive use might damage tooth enamel.[70] A recent systematic review in 2017 concluded that nearly all dentifrices that are specifically formulated for tooth whitening were shown to have a beneficial effect in reducing extrinsic stains, irrespective of whether or not a chemical discoloration agent was added.[71] However, the whitening process can permanently reduce the strength of the teeth, as the process scrapes away a protective outer layer of enamel.[72]
Herbal and natural toothpastesedit
Herbal toothpastes are marketed to consumers who wish to avoid some of the artificial ingredients commonly found in regular toothpastes. The ingredients found in so-called natural toothpastes vary widely but often include baking soda, aloe, eucalyptus oil, myrrh, camomile, calendula, neem, toothbrush tree, plant extract (strawberry extract), and essential oils. Many herbal toothpastes do not contain fluoride or sodium lauryl sulfate.[37]
A 2020 meta-analysis showed some evidence for the efficacy of herbal toothpaste, albeit from poor quality studies.[37] According to a study by the Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, many of the herbal toothpastes being sold in India were adulterated with nicotine.[73]
Charcoal has also been incorporated in toothpaste formulas; however, there is no evidence to determine its safety and effectiveness, and the American Dental Association does not recommend its use.[69]
Government regulationedit
In the United States toothpaste is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a cosmetic, except for ingredients with a medical purpose, such as fluoride, which are regulated as drugs.[74] Drugs require scientific studies and FDA approval in order to be legally marketed in the United States, but cosmetic ingredients do not require pre-approval, except for color additives. The FDA does have labelling and requirements and bans certain ingredients.[75]
Striped toothpasteedit
Learn more
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2017)A brand of red, blue and white striped toothpaste
Striped toothpaste was invented by Leonard Marraffino in 1955. The patent (US patent 2,789,731, issued 1957) was subsequently sold to Unilever, who marketed the novelty under the Stripe brand-name in the early 1960s. This was followed by the introduction of the Signal brand in Europe in 1965 (UK patent 813,514). Although Stripe was initially very successful, it never again achieved the 8% market share that it cornered during its second year.The red area represents the material used for stripes, and the rest is the main toothpaste material. The two materials are not in separate compartments; they are sufficiently viscous that they will not mix. Applying pressure to the tube causes the main material to issue out through the pipe. Simultaneously, some of the pressure is forwarded to the stripe-material, which is thereby pressed onto the main material through holes in the pipe.
Marraffino's design, which remains in use for single-color stripes, is simple. The main material, usually white, sits at the crimp end of the toothpaste tube and makes up most of its bulk. A thin pipe, through which that carrier material will flow, descends from the nozzle to it. The stripe-material (this was red in Stripe) fills the gap between the carrier material and the top of the tube. The two materials are not in separate compartments, but they are sufficiently viscous that they will not mix. When pressure is applied to the toothpaste tube, the main material squeezes down the thin pipe to the nozzle. Simultaneously, the pressure applied to the main material causes pressure to be forwarded to the stripe material, which thereby issues out through small holes (in the side of the pipe) onto the main carrier material as it is passing those holes.
In 1990, Colgate-Palmolive was granted a patent (USPTO 4,969,767) for two differently colored stripes. In this scheme, the inner pipe has a cone-shaped plastic guard around it, and about halfway up its length. Between the guard and the nozzle-end of the tube is a space for the material for one color, which issues out of holes in the pipe. On the other side of the guard is space for second stripe-material, which has its own set of holes.
In 2016, Colgate-Palmolive was granted a patent (USPTO U.S. patent 20,160,228,347) for suitable sorts of differently colored toothpastes to be filled directly into tubes to produce a striped mix without any separate compartments. This required adjustment of the different components' behavior (rheology) so that stripes are produced when the tube is squeezed.[76]
Striped toothpaste should not be confused with layered toothpaste. Layered toothpaste requires a multi-chamber design (e.g. USPTO 5,020,694), in which two or three layers extrude out of the nozzle. This scheme, like that of pump dispensers (USPTO 4,461,403), is more complicated (and thus, more expensive to manufacture) than either the Marraffino design or the Colgate designs.
The iconic depiction of a wave-shaped blob of toothpaste sitting on a toothbrush is called a "nurdle".[77]
Historyedit
Early toothpastesedit
Since 5000 BC, the Egyptians made a tooth powder, which consisted of powdered ashes of ox hooves, myrrh, powdered and burnt eggshells, and pumice. The Greeks, and then the Romans, improved the recipes by adding abrasives such as crushed bones and oyster shells.[78] In the 9th century, Iraqi musician and fashion designer Ziryab invented a type of toothpaste, which he popularized throughout Islamic Spain. The exact ingredients of this toothpaste are unknown, but it was reported to have been both "functional and pleasant to taste".[79] It is not known whether these early toothpastes were used alone, were to be rubbed onto the teeth with rags, or were to be used with early toothbrushes, such as neem-tree twigs and miswak. During Japan's Edo period, inventor Hiraga Gennai's Hika rakuyo(1769) contained advertisements for Sosekiko, a "toothpaste in a box."[80] Toothpastes or powders came into general use in the 19th century.
Tooth powderedit
Tooth powders for use with toothbrushes came into general use in the 19th century in Britain. Most were homemade, with chalk, pulverized brick, or salt as ingredients. An 1866 Home Encyclopedia recommended pulverized charcoal, and cautioned that many patented tooth powders that were commercially marketed did more harm than good.
Arm & Hammer marketed a baking soda-based toothpowder in the United States until approximately 2000, and Colgate currently markets toothpowder in India and other countries.
Modern toothpasteedit
An 18th-century American and British toothpaste recipe called for burned bread. Another formula around this time called for dragon's blood (a resin), cinnamon, and burned alum.[citation needed]
In 1873 the Colgate company began the mass production of aromatic toothpaste in jars.[81]Promotional poster for the Kolynos toothpaste from the 1940s
By 1900, a paste made of hydrogen peroxideand baking soda was recommended for use with toothbrushes. Pre-mixed toothpastes were first marketed in the 19th century, but did not surpass the popularity of tooth-powder until World War I.
Together with Willoughby D. Miller, Newell Sill Jenkins developed the first toothpaste containing disinfectants, branded as Kolynos.[82] The name is a combination of two Greek words, meaning "beautifier" and "disease preventer".[83] Numerous attempts to produce the toothpaste by pharmacists in Europe proved uneconomic. After returning to the US, he continued experimenting with Harry Ward Foote (1875–1942), professor of chemistry at Sheffield Chemical Laboratory of Yale University.[84] After 17 years of development of Kolynos and clinical trials, Jenkins retired and transferred the production and distribution to his son Leonard A. Jenkins, who brought the first toothpaste tubes on the market on April 13, 1908. Within a few years the company expanded in North America, Latin America, Europe and the Far East. A branch operation opened in London in 1909. In 1937, Kolynos was produced in 22 countries and sold in 88 countries. Kolynos has been sold mainly in South America and in Hungary. Colgate-Palmolive took over the production of American Home Products in 1995 at a cost of one billion US dollars.[85]
Fluoride was first added to toothpastes in the 1890s. Tanagra, containing calcium fluoride as the active ingredient, was sold by Karl F. Toellner Company, of Bremen, Germany, based upon the early work of chemist Albert Deninger.[86] An analogous invention by Roy Cross, of Kansas City, Missouri, was initially criticized by the American Dental Association(ADA) in 1937. Fluoride toothpastes developed in the 1950s received the ADA's approval. To develop the first ADA-approved fluoride toothpaste, Procter & Gamble started a research program in the early 1940s. In 1950, Procter & Gamble developed a joint research project team headed by Joseph C. Muhler at Indiana University to study new toothpaste with fluoride. In 1955, Procter & Gamble's Crest launched its first clinically provenfluoride-containing toothpaste. On August 1, 1960, the ADA reported that "Crest has been shown to be an effective anticavity (decay preventative) dentifrice that can be of significant value when used in a conscientiously applied program of oral hygiene and regular professional care."
In 1980, the Japanese company, Sangi Co., Ltd., launched APADENT, the world's first remineralizing toothpaste to use a nano-form of hydroxyapatite, the main component of tooth enamel, rather than fluoride, to remineralize areas of mineral loss below the surface of tooth enamel (incipient caries lesions). After many years of laboratory experiments and field trials,[87] its hydroxyapatite ingredient was approved as an active anti-caries agent by the Japanese Ministry of Health in 1993, and given the name Medical Hydroxyapatite to distinguish it from other forms of hydroxyapatite used in toothpaste, such as dental abrasives.
In 2006, BioRepair appeared in Europe with the first European toothpaste containing synthetic hydroxylapatite as an alternative to fluoride for the remineralization and reparation of tooth enamel. The "biomimetic hydroxylapatite" is intended to protect the teeth by creating a new layer of synthetic enamel around the tooth instead of hardening the existing layer with fluoride that chemically changes it into fluorapatite.[88]
Dispensingedit
Main article: Tube (container)
Main article: Toothpaste pump dispenser
Toothpaste is usually dispensed via a collapsible tube or with a more rigid pump. Several traditional and innovative designs have been developed.[89] The dispenser must be matched to the flow properties of the toothpaste.[90]Modern toothpaste gel, in a tube
In 1880, Doctor Washington Sheffield of New London, CT manufactured toothpaste into a collapsible tube, Dr. Sheffield's Creme Dentifrice. He had the idea after his son traveled to Paris and saw painters using paint from tubes. In York in 1896, Colgate & Company Dental Cream was packaged in collapsible tubes imitating Sheffield. The original collapsible toothpaste tubes were made of lead.[91][92]
See alsoedit
Dental floss
Mouthwash
Fluoride therapy
List of toothpaste brands
@truthdawn.
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Research has shown that all meat eaters have worms and a high incidence of parasites in their intestines. This is hardly surprising given the fact that dead flesh (cadaver) is a favorite target for microorganisms of all sorts. A 1996 study by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) showed that nearly 80 percent of ground beef is contaminated with disease-causing microbes. The primary source of these bugs is feces. A study conducted by the University of Arizona found there are more fecal bacteria in the average kitchen sink than in the average toilet bowl. The germs and parasites found in meat weaken the immune system and are the source of many diseases. In fact, most food poisonings today are related to meat-eating. During a mass outbreak near Glasgow, 16 out of over 200 infected people died from the consequences of eating E. coli contaminated meat. Frequent outbreaks are reported in Scotland and many other parts of the world. More than half a million Americans, most of them children, have been sickened by mutant fecal bacteria (E. coli) in meat. These germs are the leading cause of kidney failure among children in the United States. This fact alone should prompt every responsible parent to prevent their children from eating flesh foods... Parasite Cleanse Diet – Foods To Eat And Foods To Avoid
One of the best ways to help the body destroy and get rid of unwanted parasites is following a parasite cleanse diet. This diet should be taken for at least 2 months to give your body an opportunity to get rid of all kinds of parasites and eggs that are hidden in different organs.
Parasites in the body can originate from several sources, such as raw meat, tainted water, pets or other animals.
They can cause symptoms like: digestive disorders, fatigue, food cravings and unstable blood sugar.
A good parasite cleanse diet involves eating herbs and natural whole foods that will help the body eliminate parasites.
The diet should have high mineral and nutrient content and shouldn’t contain any kind of artificial stimulants.
Here are some of the common foods and herbs that should be included in a good parasite cleansing diet.
You can find them at your local grocery store or health food store.
Wormwood, Garlic, Cloves, Black Walnut Hulls, Green leafy Vegetables, Coconut oil, Papaya, Green onions, Pineapple, Pumpkin seeds, cranberry juice (unsweetened), Fennel seed tea, Pungent spices clear out parasites, Spices like cayenne, chilies, horseradish, turmeric, cinnamon, nutmeg, cardamom, and cloves all make parasites disappear.
Foods to Avoid...avoid sugar, Sugar feeds parasites and also eats up the supply of B vitamins and minerals in the body. A parasitic infection may lead to cravings for carbohydrates and refined sugar, so it’s best to avoid these kinds of food to starve parasites off their energy and fuel. Refunded carbohydrates, like cakes, bread, cookies, cereal and pasta should be avoided. All of these lead to major fluctuations in blood sugar control and therefore put an extra strain on an already burdened system that’s infected with parasites.
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5 Ways to Keep Your Pet Safe During A Cookout
Summertime and cookouts often go hand-in-hand. From barbecued ribs to potato salad and sweet treats, many family gatherings revolve around this warm weather tradition. Our pets are family, and most pet owners want to include their pets in family gatherings and activities. Many pets enjoy the added attention from visiting family members, and they likely will drool in anticipation of a delicious piece of steak or burger that may accidentally fall from the grill.
However, grilling and cookout activities can be dangerous to pets, and lead to burns, skin irritations, choking, and sometimes deadly gastrointestinal (GI) problems. We want to ensure your pets are safe during summertime cookouts, so follow these five cooking safety tips.
#1: Keep your pet away from the grill while cooking
The sizzling aroma of fresh meats and veggies on the grill can be enticing not only to people, but also to pets. However, an active grill holds many pet hazards. Pets should be kept more than three feet from grills, because the dangerous grilling flames and heat can lead to burned paws and singed whiskers on curious noses. Therefore, never leave an active grill unattended.
Additionally, ensure you prevent pets from accessing the fat and meat trimmings that build up and become trapped below the grill. Pets lack the proper enzymes to digest rich, fatty foods, and ingestion can result in GI distress, inflammation, or potentially deadly pancreatitis.
#2: Never leave grilling accessories in a pet-accessible area
Many tools are required to ensure a successful grilling venture. However, these tools can injure pets. Ensure you keep all grilling tools, such as skewers and cooking tongs, out of paws’ reach to prevent traumatic injuries from sharp edges, or burned tongues in pets trying to sample your recipes. Additionally, store charcoal bags in a pet-safe location to prevent ingestion. Although charcoal is not toxic to pets, ingestion can still lead to GI problems, choking, or blockages that may require surgery in some cases.
Store all plastic ware and storage containers in a non-pet-accessible location, to prevent a dangerous ingestion. Your pet also may be tempted to lick residual food particles off the foil, and accidentally ingest some of the foil, which can lead to GI blockages. Diagnosing this type of blockage can be challenging because the foil is not visible on an X-ray.
#3: Avoid sharing your plate with your pet
We understand that your pet’s longing eyes and drooling muzzle can be impossible to ignore while you prepare your barbecue feast. However, many popular grilling foods, spices, and side dishes are dangerous to pets, and can lead to GI inflammation, blockages that may require surgery, or potentially deadly toxicities. Never hesitate to call your if you are concerned that your pet has ingested a toxic food, and always keep the ASPCA Animal Poison Control number readily available.
Common cookout foods dangerous to pets include:
Bones
Raw meats
Hot dogs
Garlic, onions, or other members of the Allium family
Ketchup
Corn cobs
Salty snacks, including pretzels, chips, peanuts, and popcorn
Desserts, or any chocolate
Alcoholic beverages or desserts with alcohol
Sugar free foods, such as jello
#4: Use caution with bug repellent and sunscreen around pets
The rising temperatures bring an abundance of biting insects, including mosquitoes and fleas, which can carry infectious diseases and parasites dangerous to pets. Bug repellent and citronella candles are as much summer staples as swimsuits and cookouts. However, never use human-intended insecticides on your pet, and ensure your pet is a safe distance away when you apply bug spray to yourself or in the yard. Most commercial repellents contain ingredients that are dangerous to pets.
Veterinary-prescribed flea, tick, and heartworm prevention products are the safest, most effective way to protect your pet from hitchhiking pests. Additionally, excess ultraviolet exposure can lead to sunburn, or skin cancer, in some breeds. Never apply sunscreen directly on your pet without veterinary advice. Many human sunscreens contain ingredients such as zinc oxide, or para-aminobenzoic acid, that are toxic to pets.
#5: Ensure your pet can be identified
You can easily become distracted during the chaos of family or friends arriving to share the fruits of your barbecue labor. Ensure that your pet is microchipped, and wearing a secondary identification such as an embroidered collar or tag. Curious pets may accidentally sneak out the front door during the excitement of arriving guests. A microchip is the safest, most effective, and only permanent means of identifying your pet, should they go on an unplanned adventure. Always ensure your pet’s microchip registration is kept up to date with your current contact information.
#summer barbecue#dog and barbecue#dog safety#bbq with dog#bbq#summer dog safety#bbq dog safety#barbecue dog
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There are still quite a lot of people who are grateful for the Spanish and American colonisation of the Philippines. I can see you rolling your eyes right now, but you don't have to dig deep on the web to find these kinds of people. But while I've seen some people being very critical of the Spanish, the American one seems... diluted? Like people don't know how seriously fucked up the Americans were to the Filipino people.
So here's some details about those things they did in the Philippines. Keep in mind that this is only some and not the whole of the history of American colonisation.
>The Philippine-American War (1899-1902)
Considered by many historians to be the first counterinsurgency fought by the U.S
Featured guerrilla warfare by the Filipinos
Americans used torture, mutilation, killing prisoners, and other genocidal moves.
Intensely criticized in the U.S. by anti-imperialists like Mark Twain and Democratic Party leader William Jennings Bryan, who were the most notable critics of the war and the way it was fought
Military dissenters were also prominent critics.
Tortures included “water cure” where a prisoner’s mouth and nose were flooded with torrents of water from tanks funneled through syringes. Today we call this waterboarding.
4,200 US soldiers died
20,000 Filipino soldiers died
250,000-750,000 civilians died from violence, famine, and disease.
>Colonisation
Self-described imperialists insisted that America had a duty to bring order and civilization to what Indiana senator Alfred Beveridge called a "barbarous race." As the senator insisted, "The Philippines are ours forever. We will not repudiate our duty in the archipelago. We will not abandon our duty in the Orient. We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee under God, of the civilization of the world."
Racism was rampant, especially from American veterans. Some racial slurs often used were the "n" word, "monkey men", and "gugus", used to dehumanise Filipinos.
Images of Filipinos as animals, or displaying animalistic qualities were common in popular magazines in the United States like: Harper’s Weekly or Judge. Images of Filipinos as dogs, mosquitos, or trained monkeys underscore the qualities associated with Filipinos: trophies, an annoyance, or as pets.
Education used to "civilize" Filipinos and make them more like Americans. After the war, white teachers would come to the Philippines to "educate" the next generation of Filipinos. Either by eliminating the Filipino “half devil” or educating the “half child,” the United States had discovered a method of "cleansing the savagery" of the Filipino peoples: through violence or an American education.
Villages were burned and resulted in the displacement of 3,000-4,000 Filipinos who were forced to abandon their homes and possessions and flee without any idea of where to go next.
American soldiers were some of the first to develop and use concentration camps in their “war” against the Filipinos Additionally, the “dead line” surrounding the camp kept all the natives in check and prevented them from leaving the camp on the threat of death.
In the Coney Island amusement park in 1905, a band of Igorrote (Igorot) were taken to the United States, performing mock tribal ceremonies and consuming dog meat in front of Americans in a human zoo.
From the big bourgeoisie and landlords, US imperialism chose
their main political agents to train them as capitalist bureaucrats, benefiting from government colonial loot
Puppet politicians performed the role of deceiving the people during the colonial rule of
US imperialism.
The US imperialists extorted the patriotic and revolutionary spirit and spread the narrative of worshipping foreigners so they can control the
thinking of the people.
Public education system was used, English language was imposed and taught submissiveness in the minds of the people to US imperialism.
Sent many pensioners to the US to train reliable puppets and
propagandist.
Cinema, radio, newspapers, and literature used to discredit the Philippine revolution
Let the Catholic church continue to spread the feudal mentality
and superstitions.
Filipinos who continued to be a part of armed resistance were called "bandits".
Brought by the rapid development of trade and use of money, the farmers became even more poor. The bankrupt farmers who owned farmlands were forced
to sell their land to landlords, merchants, and rich farmers. Basically during the American era, the evils of
Spanish era continued.
Throughout the 1920s, there were many outbreaks spontaneous resistance of the working masses and
farmer. This is a result of the continuous intensification of
exploitation by foreign and local ruling classes.
In Manila, many strikes broke out. Farmers went on strike in large numbers
part of Central Luzon, Southern Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
If you keep up with Philippine politics, you can see some very obvious similarities to present day and history. Hence why remembering these atrocities is very important.
#feel free to add more to this#philippines#philippine history#history#usa#america#united states#filipino#imperialism#us imperialism
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Really need to know what are the similarities between owning a dobe and a ferret there's gotta be at least a small bit of overlap
Really, the biggest overlap is the amount of maintenance that goes into both.
My mom always used to tell me that when I was an adult, I would stop keeping ferrets. When I got my first ferret as an adult a decade ago, she said "Of course you got another one. You grew into the kind of person who can't just have a pet, you need a hobby. Most people don't want to put that kind of work and money into an animal."
Both of the boys have written training plans and exercise/enrichment schedules. They come to work with me frequently. My house is plotted out and gated off and laid out with both of them in mind. I keep a 3K emergency veterinary fund and a CareCredit card.
Both ferrets and dobes are prone to destructive behaviour when bored. Ferrets are digging animals and will literally dig up carpets and dig holes in furniture; they are notorious for destroying mattresses and couches from underneath. Dobermans are prone to OCD-type behaviour varying from spinning to chewing through walls (Ten has a very bad habit of digging through beds/furniture, much like a ferret, which pops up if his needs aren't being met). Both ferrets and dobermans tend to be chewers who eat things they should not, and are common recipients of obstruction surgery. All of this can be prevented with appropriate outlets, management, and training.
Both are very sharky as babies, and prone to temperament issues if poorly bred or poorly socialized. They need outlets and boundaries for biting and rough play. They often end up in shelters due to this. Again with the need for appropriate outlets, management, and training.
Both are prone to some gnarly health issues, and cost a bit to vet. Any ferret who is not from a private breeder will likely get any combination of their big three cancers: adrenal, insulinoma, and lymphoma. The best way to prevent these cancers is to get a well-bred ferret and leave them intact. The caveat of this is that female ferrets can go into shock and die if their body does not think they bred, so they need regular hormone shots or chemical castration to help with this. Dobes...well, you know about dobes. I just used my entire medical fund and a good chunk of my credit on my well bred dobe because he has a disease that we still cannot genetically test for and don't know your dog will get until they get it. And the breed is prone to multiple conditions like that.
Of course, most of the good things about them would be different! The big good thing that ties them together for me is how much both dobermans and ferrets weave their way into your very being. When you spend so much of your time and heart on any creature, they return it equally; but I feel like these guys multiply it. They get me out of bed in the morning. They give me motivation and purpose. They help me meet other passionate people (it's amazing how much the ferret show was like being at a dog show with the dobe people). And they each make me see things from a different point of view.
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A Comprehensive Guide to Deworming for Optimal Health
As a responsible and caring pet owner, the well-being of your furry companion is undoubtedly a top priority. One crucial aspect of pet care that should never be overlooked is deworming. Internal parasites, such as worms, can silently infest your pet and pose serious health risks if left untreated. To safeguard your pet's optimal health and happiness, it's essential to understand the importance of deworming and follow a comprehensive deworming regimen.
Understanding the Importance of Deworming:
Pets, especially dogs and cats, are vulnerable to internal parasites, which can be contracted through various means, including contaminated food, water, or exposure to infected animals. The most common types of worms that affect pets are roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms, and heartworms. These parasitic invaders can lead to various health issues, such as weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, anemia, and even life-threatening conditions.
Deworming is the process of administering medications that target and eliminate these internal parasites. It plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of parasites, minimizing the risk of transmission to other pets and even humans. Regular deworming is vital for maintaining optimal health and quality of life for your furry companion.
A Comprehensive Guide to Deworming:
Consult with Your Veterinarian: Before starting any deworming regimen, schedule a visit with your veterinarian. They will perform a thorough examination and may conduct fecal tests to identify the presence of parasites and determine the most appropriate deworming treatment.
Choose a Broad-Spectrum Dewormer for dogs: Select a Dewormer for dogs that offers broad-spectrum protection, targeting multiple types of internal parasites. These Dewormer for dogs are effective against various worms, providing comprehensive protection for your pet.
Deworm Puppies and Kittens Early: Young animals are more susceptible to worms and can be born with them if the mother is infected. Deworming puppies and kittens should begin at about two weeks of age and continue at regular intervals as recommended by your veterinarian.
Follow the Recommended Dosage: Always administer the Dewormer for dogs according to your veterinarian's instructions and the product label. The dosage is typically based on your pet's weight and age.
Maintain a Regular Deworming Schedule: Depending on the Dewormer for dog's type and your pet's lifestyle, your veterinarian will recommend a deworming schedule. For most adult pets, deworming should occur every three to six months, but it may vary based on individual circumstances.
Prevent Heartworms: Heartworms are a serious concern, especially for dogs. Preventive medications are available, and they should be administered monthly to protect your pet from heartworm disease. These medications are typically available in chewable tablets or topical formulations.
Hygiene and Cleanliness: Practicing good hygiene and cleanliness in your pet's living environment is essential to minimize the risk of reinfestation. Regularly clean pet bedding, toys, food bowls, and litter boxes.
Monitor Your Pet's Health: Keep a close eye on your pet's behavior, appetite, and overall well-being. If you notice any signs of distress or changes in their behavior, consult your veterinarian promptly.
Conclusion:
Banishing parasitic invaders through regular deworming is an essential part of responsible pet ownership. By taking preventive measures and administering deworming treatments as recommended by your veterinarian, you can protect your pet from the harmful effects of internal parasites. A healthy and parasite-free pet will enjoy a happier and more vibrant life, enriching your bond and companionship. Remember, your veterinarian is your best ally in the battle against parasites. Seek their guidance and expertise to ensure your pet receives the most appropriate and effective deworming treatment. Together, you can banish these unwelcome invaders and provide your furry friend with the best chance for optimal health and well-being throughout their life.
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Some Reasons Why My Budgie Panting?
It is possible that you own a bird and have observed that your bird pants. This may seem normal, but it could also indicate a health issue. In this article, we will discuss the reasons your bird may be sweating, and the ways you can help.
Normal Reasons for Budgie Panting
Controlling the Body Temperature
The majority of birds don't sweat, including Budgies. They control their temperature by breathing. It is normal for them to pant in order to expel hot air and exchange it with cool air. If your bird is panting on a hot day, it's probably just an attempt to cool down.
Physical Exertion
Budgies are very active and love to play and fly. Your budgie may be panting after playing and flying.
Excitement or Stress
Certain situations, such as the moment you meet a stranger or animal, budgies can become excited or even stressed. If your pet is shivering in these situations, it is likely just a temporary response to the anxiety or excitement.
Molting
Molting is a natural process which birds undergo in which they shed feathers and grow new ones. Molting can be an physically demanding process for birds, and some may even sweat as a result. Browse through https://avianstory.com/ web site if you require specifics info about birds.
Abnormal Reasons for Budgie Panting
Respiratory Infections
The most frequent issue for budgies is respiratory infections. This can result in panting and other symptoms such as coughing, nasal discharge, or coughing. It is essential to speak with an animal veterinarian when your pet has respiratory problems.
Heart Disease
Budgies can also develop heart diseases, which could cause them to pant. Loss of appetite and lethargy are also symptoms of heart issues for the budgie. It is vital to consult your veterinarian if you think your budgie may have heart disease.
Heat Stroke
Panting is a great way for budgies to manage their body temperatures, they can still be susceptible to heat strokes when they are in extreme heat. The signs of heat stroke in budgies can include panting the feeling of lethargy and the loss of appetite. If you think your pet suffers from heat stroke, transfer them to a cooler environment immediately and consult a vet.
Poisoning
Some household products and food can cause budgies to pant and show other signs. Chocolate, avocado, coffee and alcohol as well as some cleaners are toxic for the budgies. Seek out a veterinarian right away if you suspect that your bird has eaten some poisonous food.
Obesity
Budgies that are overweight and obese may pant as a result of the weight gain, which causes extra stress the respiratory tract. Seek advice from a vet if your budgie appears to be obese.
What Should You Do If Your Budgie is Panting
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Watch Your Bird
If your pet is panting, observe their behavior to determine if any other indications like lethargy, or an inability to eat. If your pet is showing other symptoms, it is important to take them to an animal vet for treatment and diagnosis.
Talk to your vet
See a vet if you're not sure why your bird is panting or you suspect they suffer from an issue. A vet can perform an examination of the body and conduct tests to identify any health issues.
Provide Proper Environment
To help prevent panting in budgies, make sure they're kept within a safe setting. This includes providing a cage with proper ventilation, keeping the temperature at a comfortable level, and providing fresh water as well as food.
Conclusion
To conclude, the panting of the budgies is a common characteristic or indicate an issue with health. You should observe the behavior of your pet, get the advice of a veterinarian if necessary and set up a space that is conducive to preventing panting.
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Household Pests: Seven Tips For Getting Rid Of Them
Pest control is a topic that most people must become familiar at one point or another due to an unexpected infestation. Information is the key to managing the thorny dilemma common pests can pose. Apply the advice that follows and prepare to be victorious when confronting pests within your own home.
Having mice in your home can be a real turn off, not mentioning they carry diseases. In order to exterminate mice in a family-friendly way, use disposable mouse traps. Line the mouse traps with peanut butter to attract mice. After the mouse takes the bait, the mouse trap should slam shut, and you can safely dispose.
If you're a pet owner, your pets may be the reason pests keep coming back. Take the time to keep your pet's food bowls clean. If any water from their dish is spilled, wipe it up immediately. Store pet food in plastic containers rather than the paper bags they come in. All these things can attract bugs.
Install a cap on your chimney to prevent birds, squirrels and other nuisances from entering. Not only do these animals' nests present a fire hazard, but the critters themselves can carry lice and other parasites. The cap acts as a barricade, keeping intruders out while allowing smoke to pass through.
When it comes to eliminating pests, make sure you start this process at the beginning. If you are dealing with pest issues, try to determine and remove the factors which keep them thriving. Pests may be drawn to your house because water, food and shelter can be found there. Try to fill cracks, clean food sources and block entry to your house.
Pest likes to hide in cracks and small crevices. You should get a caulk gun and fill all the small hiding places you can find. Check for new hiding places regularly and replace the caulk if you need to. You can spray paint over the caulk if you want to conceal it.
If you want to avoid attracting small rodents, bugs and other pests, you want to be careful what you leave sitting around. Make sure that food is put away into containers and stored properly. Also make sure that crumbs are cleaned up and garbage is put away. A lack of attraction will surely keep those pests away.
Knowing how to get rid of the pests in the home will help you get these pests out of your home for good. Use them and remember them for the next time you hear the pests doing their thing. Soon, you will not have any pests getting into your cabinets because they will all be dead.
Read more here wildlife removal services
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*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*
Your immune system is your body’s defense against infections and other harmful invaders. Without it, you would constantly get sick from germs such as bacteria or viruses.
Your immune system is made up of special cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect you.
The lymphatic system is a major part of the immune system. It's a network of lymph nodes and vessels. Lymphatic vessels are thin tubes that spread, like blood vessels, all over the body. They carry a clear fluid called lymph. Lymph contains tissue fluid, waste products, and immune system cells. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped clumps of immune system cells. They are connected by lymphatic vessels. They contain white blood cells that trap viruses, bacteria, and other invaders, including cancer cells.
White blood cells are the cells of the immune system. They are made in one of your lymph organs such as the spleen or thymus, and in the bone marrow.
When your immune system doesn't work the way it should, it is called an immune system disorder. You may:
• Be born with a weak immune system. This is called primary immune deficiency.
• Get a disease that weakens your immune system. This is called acquired immune deficiency.
• Have an immune system that is too active. This may happen with an allergic reaction.
• Have an immune system that turns against you. This is called autoimmune disease.
Immune system disorders
Here are some common examples:
• Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This is an example of an immune deficiency that is present at birth. Children are in constant danger of infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This disorder is sometimes called “bubble boy disease.” In the 1970s, a boy had to live in a sterile environment inside a plastic bubble. Children with SCID are missing important white blood cells. This disease is deadly without treatment.
• Temporary acquired immune deficiencies. Your immune system can be weakened by certain medicines, for example. This can happen to people on chemotherapy or other medicines used to treat cancer. It can also happen to people after organ transplants who take medicine to prevent organ rejection. Also, infections such as the flu virus, mono (mononucleosis), and measles can weaken the immune system for a short time. Your immune system can also be weakened by smoking, alcohol, and poor nutrition.
• AIDS. HIV, which causes AIDS, is an acquired viral infection that destroys important white blood cells and weakens the immune system. People with HIV/AIDS can become seriously ill with infections that most people can fight off. These infections are called “opportunistic infections” because they take advantage of weak immune systems.
An overactive immune system
If you are born with certain genes, your immune system may react to substances in the environment that are normally harmless. These substances are called allergens. Having an allergic reaction is the most common example of an overactive immune system. Dust, mold, pollen, and foods are examples of allergens.
Some conditions caused by an overactive immune system are:
• Asthma. The response in your lungs can cause coughing, wheezing, and trouble breathing. Asthma can be triggered by common allergens like dust or pollen or by an irritant like tobacco smoke.
• Eczema. An allergen causes an itchy rash known as atopic dermatitis.
• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis). Sneezing, a runny nose, sniffling, and swelling of your nasal passages from indoor allergens such as dust and pets or outdoor allergens such as pollens or molds.
• Food allergy. Severe allergic reactions that are caused by foods.
Autoimmune disease
In autoimmune diseases, the body attacks normal, healthy tissues. Experts don't know why. It is likely a combination of a person’s genes and something in the environment that triggers those genes.
Three common autoimmune diseases are:
• Type 1 diabetes. The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use as energy.
• Rheumatoid arthritis. This type of arthritis causes swelling and deformities of the joints. An auto-antibody called rheumatoid factor is in the blood of some people with rheumatoid arthritis.
• Lupus. This disease attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin. Many types of auto-antibodies are found in the blood of people with lupus.
Experts don't know what causes autoimmune diseases. But many factors seem to be involved. If you have an immune system disorder, learn as much as you can about it. And work closely with your healthcare providers to manage it.
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What Are The Hazards Of A Swimming Pool?
With summertime in full swing, the swimming pool becomes one of the most popular areas to be in your backyard during the hot days of June, July and August. However, it can also become one of the most hazardous places to be if you’re not careful about keeping it clean and properly maintained. Whether you have a plastic, vinyl-lined or concrete pool, all pools have some common dangers that you should know about before jumping into your water this summer.
Important Swimming Pool Safety Tips for Families
Are you ready to cool down this summer? A visit to a swimming pool is a popular summer event. If you have access to an indoor pool or if you live in a warmer region you may be able to visit a pool throughout the year. Pools are also common features of hotels, cruise ships, resorts, and fitness centers.
But while swimming pools are high on the fun meter, they are also an environment where adults and children should exercise caution. According to the Pool Safety Foundation, swimming pool dangers can include injuries from slips and falls or malfunctioning equipment. Drowning is, of course, another concern. To keep yourself and your family safe, get the facts about swimming pool safety to help minimize risks and still have a splashing good time.
Essential Swimming Pool Safety Tips
Summer fun and swimming pools go hand-in-hand, especially if you are safe in the water and take proper precautions. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission notes (CPSC) that fatal and nonfatal swimming-related injuries remain high as of 2022, so “water safety vigilance is as important as ever” to keep yourself and your children safe and happy.
Prevent Drowning
When you think of dangers in the water, drowning is probably the first to come to your mind, with an average of 389 drowning incidents a year, according to the CPSC. But drowning can be very preventable with proper precautions. You can minimize the risk of drowning by following a few tips from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Always supervise children while the pool is being used.
Arrange swimming lessons for everyone who will use the pool.
Be aware of the pool depth and follow “no diving” restrictions in shallow pools.
Install pool safety fences and covers to limit pool access.
Keep lifesaving equipment, and floatation devices, close to the pool at all times.
Learn CPR and other life-saving techniques.
Make children wear life jackets.
Stress proper pool behavior and limit horseplay.
Use the buddy system.
Watch for Water Quality
Germs are everywhere. While you can try to get rid of the microscopic dangers with proper chemicals and filtering, sometimes they can cause issues. Many types of bacteria can survive in swimming pools, circulating among the swimmers. So the CDC offers a few tips to keep swimming-related illnesses from affecting you, your family, and others who are using the pool.
Do not allow children to wear diapers when using the pool unless they are wearing swim diapers.
Keep pets out of the pool.
Keep the pool water properly filtered and chemically treated at all times.
Keep water out of your mouth and dry ears.
Refrain from using a pool if you are sick or have an open wound.
Rinse off before and after entering the pool.
Remember, if in doubt, just stay out of the swimming pool. Pools that look questionable might not be worth it.
Avoid High Concentration Chemical Exposure
Pool chemicals are a must, right? It’s one of the key factors for keeping those nasty bacteria at bay. However, chemicals in high concentrations can pose a safety issue to swimmers. So, it’s all about balance.
Chlorine, for example, can dry and irritate the skin and aggravate asthma. These chemicals can also kill the body’s naturally beneficial bacteria if water is swallowed, potentially causing digestive problems and lowered immunity. To avoid the chemical contamination dangers of swimming pools, the National Capital Poison Center offers a few tips.
Always wear safety equipment when handling chemicals.
Do not increase chemical treatments to compensate for a dirty pool.
Ensure proper ventilation.
Follow instructions carefully when treating a pool.
Keep chemical treatments at the proper level using testing kits.
Keep pool chemicals properly stored and out of reach of children to avoid accidental poisonings.
Store chemicals in a cool, dry place to avoid landscape contamination or risk of fire.
Eliminate Electric Shock Dangers
Electricity is a hidden danger of pools that you might not consider. And in truth, the risk is very low. The CPSC only notes 33 fatalities from 2002 to 2018 due to pools and electricity. But it’s still important to take necessary precautions. To avoid the risk of electrical shock in swimming pools, the CPSC provided a few important tips.
Do not keep ungrounded electrical equipment – stereos, grills, lawn equipment, etc. – near the pool.
Use only ground circuit fault interrupter (GCFI) outlets in the pool area.
Stay out of the pool during lightning storms.
Do not install pools near power lines.
Make use of battery-operated products.
Check underwater lights regularly.
Don’t touch electrical products when wet.
Take Care With Food and Drinks
Pools are a central entertainment area of summer get-togethers. Snacks by the pool is as much of a summer tradition as swimming itself. Keep these points in mind when having a summer get-together that includes food or drinks.
Do not drink alcohol or do drugs when swimming because it can impair the ability to judge distances as well as the physical coordination necessary to swim, states the CDC.
Do not use glass containers or sharp utensils in the pool area, according to DC Parks and Recreation.
Keep food out of the pool to avoid overtaxing the filtration system.
Prevent Sunburn
On a nice sunny day, there is nothing better than throwing on your suit and hitting the pool. But you don’t want to forget about the sun when it comes to your pool fun.
Individuals who spend a lot of time at the swimming pool frequently develop golden tans, but at the same time, overexposure to the sun’s radiation increases the risks of skin cancer. Furthermore, sunburns can be painful and can create open sores and blisters that can become infected. If you don’t want to get out of the pool, you can reduce the sun’s risks with a few precautions listed by the Skin Cancer Foundation.
Apply water-resistant sunscreen every two hours while using the pool.
Avoid staying in the sun in the late morning and afternoon hours when the sun’s rays are strongest.
Stay in shaded lounging areas when not in the pool.
Wear a swimsuit cover-up to limit the amount of exposed skin.
Use Care With Pool Toys
From water guns and inflatable lounges to buoys and basketball hoops, pool toys offer hours of fun entertainment for swimmers. Everyone loves to join in a good water gun fight!
Pool toy and floaties risks are one of those hidden dangers you don’t want to forget when spending the day in the pool. To keep your water gun fun safe, check out a few of the tips offered by The Children’s Hospital at Westmead.
Check for damage and recalls.
Check weight recommendations.
Ensure proper fit of floaties or water wings.
Follow assembly instructions.
Pool toys, including water wings, are not meant to be used as lifesaving devices and are not substitutes for life jackets.
Store toys away from the pool area when not in use.
Supervise children with toys at all times.
Use only toys designed for use in swimming pools.
Safety Tips for Inflatable Pools and Fun Centers
Inflatables are on the rise. You just blow them up, and you have slides, bouncing, and swimming fun. Inflatable pools, fun centers, and plastic pools are also great for little ones that aren’t perfect swimmers.
But small inflatable and plastic pools have their own set of risks that parents should be aware of. These inflatable pools can become lopsided and unbalanced. They can also become contaminated because they are filled with hose water. Furthermore, inflatable pools can collapse or blow away in severe weather. Keep any potential risks with floaties and inflatables at bay by trying out these tips from the CDC.
Anchor the pool securely in a flat, stable location to prevent tips.
Disinfect pools as needed.
Do not exceed the recommended weight and other use tolerances for the pool.
Drain the pool daily to avoid contamination from standing water.
Inspect the pool regularly for weak points, tears, or punctures.
Remove debris and allow the pool to air dry.
There are many different swimming pool dangers that swimmers face regularly, but with proper precautions and common sense, many risks can be minimized while still maximizing the enjoyment of a fun day at the pool.
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General Dog Care
However, meeting this revenue requirement does not assure monetary assistance and services aren't cost-free. All canines ought to be spayed or neutered until they are to be used for breeding. This prevents unwanted puppies and avoids potentially critical future medical issues, such as prostate disease in males, and uterine infection or mammary cancer in females.
It’s also important to know that pet insurance generally is designed to reimburse you after you've already paid for veterinary companies.
The common cost of wellness coverage is $240 to $300 per yr ($20 to $25 per month).
Blood checks to check for heartworm illness must be done yearly.
It reimburses you for coated veterinary bills, so you can provide them with the therapies they should get higher with much less worry about the fee.
It’s easy to determine if your dog is obese or your cat is overweight.
If your dog shall be spending a lot of time outdoor, ensure she has entry to shade and plenty of cool water in sizzling weather, and a heat, dry, lined shelter when it's cold.
This is a great subject for discussion that can allow us to associate with you and take a staff approach to optimizing your canine's health. Some of your "folks" meals might even be an excellent addition to your dog's food plan. However, allow us to allow you to to determine the sort and quantity that is greatest.
Vaccination is a key part of preventive medicine in canines, just as in people. Vaccinations are given to stimulate the immune system in opposition to an infection before publicity to a disease. Several vaccines are routinely given to canines as the core protection in opposition to critical infectious sickness . Several others are important in certain areas and situations . Your veterinarian can advise which vaccines are necessary in your native space and circumstances.
How Much Does Dog Insurance Coverage Cost?
Most pet insurance coverage operates via an association by which you pay up front and are reimbursed after treatment. Treatment is an option, however it prices 1000's of dollars you don’t have. You understand that so as to finish the animal’s struggling, you might have to place it down. koi fish facts can choose our Accident-Only plan if you just need to cover your dog for injuries. Our typically curious and energetic four-legged relations are inclined to act earlier than they think, which can get them into bother. They can get harm in all types of the way, like running too fast down the steps, getting right into a scrape with another animal, or eating something they shouldn’t.
These worms usually don't cause intestinal infection in folks; however, hookworm infections resulting in belly ache and inflammation have developed in individuals with weakened immune methods. When infective roundworm eggs are ingested, they'll develop into larvae in the intestine and doubtlessly migrate into sensitive organs. This migration is much extra likely to occur in kids and other people with weakened immune systems. Sanitation is vital to prevention as a result of roundworm eggs take about 30 days to turn into infective; thus, promptly cleaning up feces out of your yard can essentially get rid of potential exposure. No matter how properly you take care of your canine, the surprising can occur at any time. Having pet insurance alleviates the concern of your furry good friend costing you thousands of dollars.
Selling And Protecting Town's Well Being
Make a listing of essential details about your dog’s life-style together with how typically they’re fed, how a lot they’re fed, medicines, their vet’s telephone number, and so forth. Give copies of this to somebody in your life that might deal with your canine within the case of an emergency. It’s also value your time to ask round and ensure you have a minimum of one or two people who live close-by that might help your canine on short notice. Pet insurance coverage is bought by a pet proprietor to decrease the overall prices of veterinary bills and is just like medical insurance for humans. The average annual premium for accident and sickness coverage for canine in 2020 ($342 for cats).
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On the other hand, at all times give your canine constructive feedback and rewards instantly for good habits to encourage the repetition of this habits. Regular walks provide many benefits on your dog, together with preventing boredom, helping the digestive tract, keeping them at a more healthy weight, and serving to them to burn off excess energy. By giving them a constructive outlet, you may find dangerous behaviors, like chewing, barking or digging, lower too. Always maintain your household chemical compounds, corresponding to cleaners and pesticides, out of reach out of your dog. Many intelligent canine can and can get into merchandise kept underneath the sink or within the garage.
You can opt to get reimbursed 70%, 80%, or 90% of covered veterinary costs. A decrease reimbursement share will present you with a lower premium. Here’s what you want to know in regards to the top pores and skin issues in dogs, together with signs and forms of treatments.
Rue obtained the reduction she needed with monthly allergy shots and now she will be ready to romp outdoors. Healthy Paws Pet Insurance plan coverage has no caps on payouts. Please go to our Externships page to search out out more about externship positions on the AAH. Please visit our Careers page for extra details about working at the ASPCA, together with out there positions on the ASPCA Animal Hospital. Please evaluate eligibility and available providers below earlier than calling.
Dangerous items could be frequently coated with a foul-tasting spray to discourage chewing. Elements of house design, similar to steep stairs, slippery floors, and open windows also pose potential hazards for pets and should be corrected as a lot as attainable. The main intestinal parasites of canine include roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and tapeworms.
#Husky#tips for husky owners#lemon dalmatian#Cats#koi fish facts#dog health care#pet health#The best food for a german shepherd puppy#dog breeds#dog breeds with blue eyes#Animal news
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Pest Control
If you Google “field mice”, some of the top results you will get are related to pest control. Roaches, crickets, prairie dogs–most people see these things in their home or garden and beeline straight to the pest control section of Home Depot. There are multitudes of options out there for getting rid of these common household pests, many of which are chemical. These products may be advertised as safe around children and pets, but are they safe around the ecosystem? If burrowing owls are your thing–or owls in general!–you may want to double-think grabbing the nearest can of bug spray.
Pesticides can have a more profound effect on predatory bird populations than on the prey that they eat. It makes sense, if you think about it: one mouse may have a small amount of contaminant in its system, but raptors don’t just eat one mouse, much like you can’t just eat a single Pringle®. By eating more and more of these contaminated mice, their predators suffer from rising levels of poisons being metabolized in their system. This can be especially bad for burrowing owls, since they are known to occasionally scavenge for food¹; a rodent that had died from a lethal dose of agricultural pesticides could look like an easy take-out meal for burrowing owls.
Once you pop, you can’t stop (please don't sue me Pringles). Credit to Jeff Strong of Bear River Blogger.
The fact that burrowing owls are pretty tolerant of urban environments also brings them closer to common pesticides used in our attempts to get rid of rats. A huge number of owls in urban environments have traces of anticoagulant rodenticides in their systems, and, concerningly, we don’t really know how much they can tolerate before it becomes too toxic for them to handle, or how these rodenticides will affect their populations.² These chemicals are also persistent, staying in the environment for long periods of time. Although not the primary cause of death, a concerning amount of rodenticide was found in Flaco the Eurasian eagle owl’s blood after he passed away after having been released from Bronx Zoo from vandals and free-roaming for just one year.³
Flaco the Eurasian eagle owl. We miss you, buddy! Credit to Seth Wenig of the Associated Press.
So, it’s obvious that using traditional pesticides can be very harmful to burrowing owls and other predatory raptors. That being said, you might still have an issue with pests in your yard and your home. What are some alternative options? Well, I will preface by saying this: there is no “one size fits all” solution, and many forms of pest management that do not involve chemical pesticides take time to develop. If they don’t work out for you, or if you feel like chemical pesticides can tide you over while you develop less toxic pest control measures, be sure to visit the Environmental Protection Agency’s Do’s and Don’ts of Pest Control for tips on how to minimize potential risk to yourself and your environment. However, if you do decide to go the alternative route, remember that, in the end, you will be creating your own personal habitat, resilient against not only pests, but resilient against disease and climate change as well.
One method you may want to consider, especially for insects, is companion planting. Though research on how companion planting works is still in its infancy and generally focused on large agriculture, the concepts can still be applied.⁴ By incorporating plants that attract the natural predators for pests into your garden, you will be able to naturally deter and diminish the pest population.
When it comes to the bigger stuff, like field mice, rats, moles, or gophers, there are a lot of simple, nonlethal ways to prevent them from finding a tasty snack in your garden without outright eliminating them from your local ecosystem. After all, their presence is beneficial to the environment, by stirring up the soil and improving its quality as well as creating homes for native wildlife, such as burrowing owls.⁵ One of the easiest, “set it and forget it” type options available may be using a wire mesh basket, often called “gopher baskets”, to put the roots of your plants in as you plant them. These can protect the main body of your plant while allowing for growth and, most importantly, still allowing burrowing critters to do their thing!
An example of a large gopher basket to protect a tree sapling. It’s like a cute little prison for trees! Credit to Deanne Talerico of Homestead and Chill, here is a link to her instructions on how to make these yourself!
This is a particularly short list of actions you can take to make your garden a little more critter-friendly. For more specific information that may be more relevant to the ecosystem you live within, look out for workshops and classes on gardening in your local area! Often run by community centers, these types of gatherings are a great way to connect with other gardeners and share tips on how to make a more sustainable, eco-friendly habitat.
¹Klute, D., Ayers, L., Green, M., Howe, W., Jones, S., Shaffer, J., Sheffield, S., & Zimmerman, T. (2003). Status assessment and conservation plan for the western burrowing owl in the United States. United States Fish and Wildlife: Staff Publications. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs/483
²Gomez, E. A., Hindmarch, S., & Smith, J. A. (2021). Conservation letter: Raptors and anticoagulant rodenticides. Journal of Raptor Research, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.3356/jrr-20-122
³Hutchinson, B. (2024, March 25). Zoo releases final necropsy results on Flaco the owl’s death. ABC News; ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/US/zoo-releases-final-necropsy-results-flaco-owls-death/story?id=108479170
⁴Saldanha, A. V., Gontijo, L. M., Carvalho, R. M. R., Vasconcelos, C. J., Corrêa, A. S., & Gandra, R. L. R. (2019). Companion planting enhances pest suppression despite reducing parasitoid emergence. Basic and Applied Ecology, 41, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2019.10.002
⁵Davidson, A. D., Detling, J. K., & Brown, J. H. (2012). Ecological roles and conservation challenges of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals in the world’s grasslands. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10(9), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1890/110054
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