Download hacks for Counter Strike - CS

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The 8 Best Things About Dental Intraoral Scanners

Hey, have you ever heard about dental intraoral scanners? Yes, they are used to capture a direct optical impression. Moreover, project a light source onto the targeted object.

The scanners are developed to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional techniques. They are an electronic device that reproduces in 3D images. Moreover, allow the creation of a digital document. After discussing the meaning, its essential to know it’s different advantages when used in a dental clinic? How and for what it is used? What is the best intraoral scanner in the market? Challenges of intraoral scanners? Current medical applications? Tips and tricks for using the product?

Here is a brief description of all these queries-

How does a dental intraoral scanner work?

Dental intraoral scanners are used for various purposes such as-

They allow you to observe imperfections that require correct-alignment.

In the treatment of invisible aligners.

Partial obturators.

It captures optimal impressions on the patient’s jaws. You must pass the pencil over the gums and teeth of the patients. Finally, you will observe the model recreating itself in a three-dimensional image.

They are of 2 types and how they work depends on the type of intraoral scanner.

Photographic technology scanner- They capture images of the individual area to be scanned.

Video technology scanners- Their working is similar to a video camera, so the scanned areas are recorded.

How they help your dental clinic and the 8 best things about dental intraoral scanners-

Until now, the traditional system is used to represent the patient’s capacity. The system is both time consuming and uncomfortable for the patient.

Nowadays, the design of the models has been simplified because of intraoral scanners. The treatments now require less time as compared to the traditional model.

The 8 advantages offered by the intraoral scanners to your dental clinic-

Say goodbye to plaster- Intraoral scanner allows you to avoid the use of alginate.

Avoid discomfort to your patients- You can easily obtain the images without bothering the complaints about the smell or taste of silicone. It is annoying for both the patients (children’s and adults). It makes the process faster, pleasant and comfortable for your patient. Consequently, he/she will thank you for saving a part of his/her precious time.

Get high fidelity models- This is because, there are no inconveniences such as bubbles, wrinkles, cracks and tears. The scanners are capable to capture the models of both natural teeth and implants.

Correct the defects immediately- If an image has been distorted, scan it again and you will be able to rectify it easily.

Create 3D files- It provides the ability to access 3D digital files whenever required.

Save on shipping cost- You don’t require to ship it physically under any circumstances. This will be sent to the laboratory through management software.

Marketing tool- Technology can make you stand out from the competition. If the patients can visualize the evolution of their treatment, they will feel that they are part of the process. It will enable you to show the fractured teeth, the current position of their teeth to help them get the knowledge about their mouth. Consequently, they will recommend you to their dear and near ones.

It simplifies the process- It facilitates diagnosis and improves the effectiveness.

What are the main dental intraoral scanners in the market-?

There are several intraoral scanners in the dentist industry. Here is a brief description of the 13 most important dental intraoral scanners in the current industry.

iTero– After many years of trial error tests and researches it was introduced to the market at the beginning of 2007. Align technology does not use powder to reflect light. The operator can remove the scanner head from the patient’s mouth at any time.

The iTero Element, iTero Element Flex, Elemnt2 and the new iTero Elemnt5D are currently available.

Medit- This first intraoral scanner with blue light was started in 2013. Last year they introduced Medit i500 to date they have been perfecting their software.

Element2 iTero Intraoral scanner-

             – They are stylish and have a 21.5-inch extended touchscreen.

             – Offers uninterrupted scanning

             – Optimized and certified connectivity

             – Offer a more detailed view

             – Allows the patient to accept the treatment.

             – Capture time is 40-50 milliseconds.

I500 Intraoral Scanner- Medit

             – High resolution and HD color image.

             – Lightweight and flexible

             – High-precision

              – Dust-free

              – Single button to start and stop scanning whenever required

               – Available with full desktop PC and laptop with touchscreen and cart.  

This much is enough for the wise to understand the merits and perks of having an intraoral scanner in your dental clinic.

CEREC Omnicam from Dentsply Sirona- Nothing can match the pain of a toothache. It can be very dangerous if proper treatment is not taken on time. A digital dental clinic can provide you the perfect image of your teeth. Nevertheless, this is possible only by CEREC Omnicam.

This oral scanning technology provides doctors and patients with 3D dental images with full arch scans. The product is light and comfortable to insert into the patient’s mouth.

Carestream CS 3700– When compared to the CEREC Omnicam, they are highly priced but offer many valuable features. It comes with a significant feature of wrist wrap that keeps the device safe at the doctor’s hand.

While utilizing this valuable product the user’s will be treated to the latest software updates.

CEREC Primescan from Dentsply Sirona- The product comes with pretty cool features and prove as your money maker. It provides high-quality images and excellent data by which treatment decisions can be made.

Moreover, perfect sharpness and precision with fewer sweeps. Its working speed is impressive and it consolidates 50000 images per second. It is advisable to try this energy efficient, accurate and effective product by today for fruitful outcomes.

Medit i500- This professional scanner is capable to draw the perfect margin lines. It helps dentists to capture HD pictures that reveal the real situation. Moreover, help them to determine a patient’s problem.

The unique technology of these scanners enables dentist to perform pre-operational scans on the patient’s teeth. The pre-operational scan makes the post-operation easy and the data can be used as a blueprint in the creation of natural prosthesis.

iTero Element 5D– The product is so expensive because it scans the internal structure of the tooth. Manufacturers of these scanners have incorporated with the NIRI technologies, to detect interproximal caries in its early stages.

A full-arch scan using the iTero Element 5D provides necessary information for the restorative and orthodontic works.

Dental Wings Virtual Vivo– It offers basic dental digital services like- speed and accuracy in capturing images and life-like images. The product is unique because of the cart solution, its voice and gesture control.

3Shape Trios 4– It is a great example of innovation in dentistry. 3Shape Trios 4 comes with advanced and effective functionalities to safely detect the surface.

3M True Definition Scanner- The unit is comfortable, easy to handle and provides basic services. While providing the digital optical image they provide basic services and they are inexpensive.

Condor Scan-This convenient tool for a dental clinic is slowly transitioning from analog to digital. It comes with updated software and provides the highest ROI.

Planmeca Emerald S – This super-fast scanner provides clear coverage of the arch. Its slim design makes it comfortable for the doctors to hold them. The product is costly but offers several unique and priceless features.

Comparison of Intraoral Scanners- Which one is perfect for you?

Are you thinking of acquiring one of the intraoral scanners for your dental clinic? From the wide variety of scanners, it becomes complicated to choose one because each representative says that his scanner and systems are the best in the market.

Here is a comparison criterion for the evolution of intraoral scanners.

Scanning speed- Speed of the scan is the primary factor to be considered before choosing an intraoral scanner. The ratings of the scanner provide a perfect idea of which one is slower or faster?

Scanning flow- Besides speed, it is also to be noted how smooth the experience is? Whether the scanner joins the images well or not? The evaluation of the scan indicates whether the scanner handles well in the corner and which experience has been irregular.

Size- Besides speed, the overall size and weight of the scanner are also to be taken into consideration. When judging from the size some scanners are heavier and complicated than others. It is recommended to focus on how comfortable it feels in the hand and while scanning.

Easy of use- It takes into account how the software and the hardware are managed. Moreover, and if any problem is noticed with scanning, processing and general workflow.

Price- This is an important factor considered by dentists. The prices of the scanner can vary and they depend on the cost, complements, distributors and geographical locations.

Maintenance package and subscription requirements- The subscription requirements for the use of scanners are mandatory. Some companies have an annual subscription for maintenance whereas, others claim that they don’t require any subscription.

Wireless scanner- The assessment is based on wireless option is available for the scanner or not.

Caries detection- This criterion is based on whether or not the scanner has caries detection function like – fluorescence or transillumination.

CAD Integration- Check the integrated CAD/CAM design functions

Challenges of using dental intraoral scanners for dentists-

Deep marginal lines are hard to detect- Intraoral scanners can’t detect deep marginal lines on the prepared teeth. If the patient has bleeding gums the prosthetic margins can’t work on it.

To counteract this setback, dentists need both digital and analog impressions.

A significant learning curve- Dental practitioners need time for an in-depth understanding of how IOS works. The learning curve is so fast for dentists. In addition to it, manufacturers make scanners of different brands and with different strategies. Hence, choosing the ideal intraoral scanner is critical.

Significant long-term investment- High-end scanners retail at a large price. For support services, manufacturers also ask for additional fees. So, it is only possible for a well-established dentist to withstand such an investment. Other dental clinics struggle with cash-flow problems.

Current Clinical Applicants of IOS-

Take a look at the current clinical applicants of dental intraoral scanners-

Diagnostic Purposes- The intraoral scanners are of great help for creating custom units for surgery and orthodontics.

Dental Implants- They generate optical impressions for dental implants. They are of great use while coming up with implant supported bars and bridges.

Dentist-patient communication- It is essential to win the trust of your client’s. They help the patients to know about their treatment in real-time.

Tips and tricks for using dental intraoral scanners-

Preparation is the key- By prior planning a dentist can avoid many of the setbacks. Address any fears of your patients and prepare them for the procedure. Let them know what outcomes they should expect.

Start the scan with a dry mouth- The dry mouth is perfect to capture clear images of your teeth. Ask a patient to swallow saliva or blow some air onto his teeth.

Clear screen- To prevent mashups, it is recommended to wipe the scanner screen.

Educate the future patients through past samples- To show the worth of intraoral scanners in the dentistry profession there is no better proof than your past success. This is an easy way to introduce new patients to the IOS process.

Conclusion-

The use of dental impressions and dental intraoral scanners are revolutionizing the dental profession. They are beneficial for both, a patient looking for the best treatment and a dentist who wants to maximize his skills.

The above discussed scanners offer unique features but they all are capable to meet the needs of different dental practitioners. Decide your expectations before ordering any scanner for you.

Binary | Part I

Gravity is an inescapable force, even within the darkest corners of the universe. It's only a matter of time before something collides.

EMERGENCY STARTUP INITIALIZING

BOOTING...

BOOTING...

BOOTING...[SUCCESS]

BIOS Configuration: [SUCCESS]

Loading OS...

CPU Check: [SUCCESS]

API Check: [SUCCESS]

Memory Banks: [OK]

AI Application: [OK]

Internal Software: [OK]

Anatomical Components: [OK]

Finalizing...

EMERGENCY STARTUP COMPLETE

INITIALIZING USER INTERFACE

       ◇─◇──◇────◇────◇────◇────◇────◇─────◇──◇─◇

For someone in a quite literal life-or-death situation, you were taking the news of your possible demise rather well. Perhaps that doesn't say much for someone in your line of work. Space exploration was a risky business, and coming home was not always guaranteed. Most, if not all who worked for the Federal Alliance of Astronomic Exploration knew that possibility before they signed on the dotted line.

You didn't expect it would be on your first solo mission, though.

In hindsight, your day seemed a little bit too perfect leading up to this mess, and maybe your cynical subconscious was expecting this pivotal point where everything goes south. Regardless, you weren't one to sit by while cursing your misfortune. And overall, it could be even worse. At least the life support was still functioning.

Oh, how you wished there was wood somewhere on the ship.

Standard protocol demands that regardless of the severity of the crisis, the ship's captain - in your case, yourself - was to immediately activate the emergency beacon and contact mission control. Step one was already a fail. According to the diagnostic scans, communications, navigation, and the engines were severely damaged and would take hours or even days for the self-repair bots to make any sort of significant progress. So, channeling in your former academy student self, you skipped right on to Plan B.

"Greetings, Lieutenant."

Or rather, Plan B skipped right on to you.

You nearly jumped out of your chair but managed to only give a startled gasp. Wheeling around, you came face to face with Plan B. For a glorified chunk of metal, it sure did move quietly.

"Are you alright?" said chunk of metal asked with a surprising amount of realism to his...its tone. "I detected a sudden increase in your heart rate. Are you in need of medical attention?"

You stared, temporarily taken aback by its sudden appearance. Sure, you were briefed on the purpose of the Auxiliary Crisis Sensory Emulating Learner, or ACSEL for short, but seeing one activated was an entirely new experience. The almost lifelike expression was truly something to behold, and you really ought to give a shout-out to the techs back home who made this happen. If you made it home...

Which led back to the matter at hand.

"No, I'm okay. You just surprised me, that's all," you sighed. "I didn't receive a notification that you were activated."

The ACSEL unit tilted its head and narrowed its eyes as if contemplating. It really was going to take some time getting used to those mannerisms on an android. "Perhaps there is an error in the ship's software?" It lightly smiled while extending its right hand towards you. "The CS Zenith is equipped with self-diagnostics and repair, yes? If I may, I would like to run an additional test. Permission to proceed, Lieutenant?"

You blinked, finally breaking yourself away from your thoughts to fall back into professionalism. Standing up and squaring your shoulders, you firmly shook his - its hand. To your ever-growing surprise, it was warm and smooth, yet undeniably solid. Almost like silicone.

"Granted," you replied before stepping to the side. It easily slid into the pilot's chair and instantly brought up the ship's readings. Nothing had changed. You watched in silent fascination while the android worked the dashboard as if it had years of experience under its belt. But your curiosity returned, and you found yourself wondering just how long it took to make something as complex as the ACSEL unit. Its designer obviously modeled it off of human anatomy, not too dissimilar to a store mannequin. The white exterior was a stark contrast to the muted colors of the cockpit. Gray lines decorated its body, allowing seamless, free-range movement that added to the realism. Give it a wig, slap some clothes on it, hide the port at the base of its head and you could definitely see someone mistaking the machine for a human. It even imitated a non-robotic masculine timbre almost perfectly.

The most intriguing thing about it though was the eyes. Glowing, electric blue eyes.

"Lieutenant?"

"Yes?"

"While my system processes the damages, would you like to begin personalization?"

You raised a brow. "What for? I had thought you would be outfitted with knowledge about my basic information once you were activated?"

The android flicked a switch on the dashboard, allowing a port to be exposed before inserting its index finger. In any other situation, it would have been comical, but you surmised that this was a part of the machine's processing. "And you would be correct. However, I am referring to myself. One of my functions is personalization to assist with lessening the emotional and psychological impact that an emergency could have. Once I have established that the current environment is stable enough for such, of course," it explained before pausing. "In short, it is to make you feel more comfortable."

"Right..." you trailed off, idly scratching your cheek.

"The process is completely optional if you are satisfied with my default settings," it added gently. " I do not wish to provide you with unnecessary stress."

Chuckling, you waved him - it off dismissively. "It's not that. I just...never mind. How about starting with what I should address you as?"

It gave you a side glance, lips turned upwards once more. "I respond to my model and serial number, A.C.S.E.L. 749710145-121111117-110-103, but due to its length I can be assigned a temporary moniker of your choosing until I undergo a factory reset."

You were sorely tempted to name it something utterly ridiculous. You could almost feel the disapproval from your superior officer at the mere thought of it.

"If it aids you at all, the engineers had named me Blue during my trial period," it offered.

How innovative.

"Blue works," you said at last, much to the android's delight. Could it even feel such a thing? It certainly seemed so as you watch its smile turn into a wide grin and the blue irises rotated in recognition. Nevertheless, you returned the smile albeit hesitantly. "Status update."

"Ah...my systems have confirmed the Zenith has experienced internal engine failure, significant damage to the transmitter and faulty wiring to the navigation. Causes are inconclusive. Hull integrity and life support are operating at 100% efficiency. The estimated time of repair is between 96 and 125 hours."

You relaxed ever-so-slightly. A week wouldn't make much of an impact on your scheduled three-month journey to Alpha Centauri's space outpost. And with the beacon activated, your chances of getting out of here unscathed are highly in your favor. "Noted. Then proceed as needed. I'm going to check on the cargo," you stated.

"No need, Lieutenant," Blue assured while standing. It approached you before clasping its hands behind its back. "I will take that responsibility while you rest. You have been showing signs of minor sleep deprivation in addition to a decrease in your epinephrine levels."

Perplexed, you crossed your arms, suddenly feeling a wave of self-consciousness. "You can gauge my adrenaline? How?"

Maybe you said that a bit too forcefully because Blue actually flinched, as if surprised at your tone. Never in your life did you think you would feel regret for snapping at a machine. You must really be more exhausted than you thought.

"Not through nefarious means, I promise," he - it faltered. "My optic sensors can detect even the subtlest of movements. I...I noticed your body language gradually became more relaxed and your heart rate slowed. My intention was not to cause you distress, Lieutenant. I apologize."

Jesus Christ, you genuinely felt bad now.

"Uh, don't be. I should be apologizing. Getting snippy with you was highly unprofessional," you murmured wearily. Rubbing your left temple, you glanced up to see him observing you with an open stare. Looking closely, you could see his irises whirling. Processing information, perhaps? "Blue?"

It blinked and smiled as if amused. "Apologizing to a machine is unnecessary. I do not feel offended. Though I suppose the gesture is an indication of your good nature, so I thank you."

"You're...welcome?" That's enough weirdness for one day, you thought to yourself. "I will go take my leave then if you don't need me for anything else."

"Not at all, Lieutenant. Please sleep well."

"You too." Biting your tongue, you inwardly cringed at your automatic response. "I mean-"

Blue laughed, apparently unfazed by your slip up. "I shall, thank you."

As you departed from the cockpit, you rubbed the heel of your palm against your right eye. It was the strangest thing; talking to a machine that seemed so human. The FAAE had an abundance of the latest technology, including interactive AI programs. But Blue was the most advanced piece of work you had ever interacted with. It was almost jarring.

The walk back to your quarters was a short one, as the Zenith was one of the smaller cargo ships. Your room lacked any personal items and only housed the bare necessities such as a bed, closet, a small desk, and bathroom. The lights flickered on and the door hissed shut, leaving you to bask in privacy. Eyelids heavy, you decided to shower in the morning. A casual glance at your holopad showed the time back home: 8:47 A.M.

Make that in the evening.

Zipping down your flight suit, you tossed it on the chair before rummaging your closet for a shirt and sweatpants. "Computer. Set an alarm for 4:00 P.M."

      ◇─◇──◇────◇────◇────◇────◇────◇─────◇──◇─◇

The cockpit was relatively silent, save for the gentle hum of the reactor core only Blue could hear. Most of the overhead lights had been dimmed, indicating that the Lieutenant had gone to sleep. The android remained in the chair, perfectly still for 72.8 seconds before closing its eyes.

"ACSEL Unit reporting to Professor Thorne. Do you copy?"

Static feedback permeated its receptors. It felt its nonexistent brow crease in concentration. A few moments passed until it could faintly hear a reply.

"Proceed," was the garbled response.

"Preparing to upload visual and audio recordings as well as acquired data to the server...now." The surge of data left its system almost instantaneously, even from such a distance.

Thorne gave a pleased hum. "Continue your directive and ensure the subject remains incognizant until your arrival. Understood?" they emphasized.

"Yes, Professor."

The connection abruptly ended and Blue rapidly blinked back into focus.

Only the sight of stars and the vastness of space greeted the android. Tilting its head to the side, Blue zoomed in as much as his optics would allow on a particular star. The celestial body remained as but a speck of light to its viewpoints. These rare moments of free agency were captivating, and although it could merely emulate emotion, Blue's receptors always reacted positively. It struggled to understand why the professor always voiced against it. No matter. Such a variable was not programmed within its systems to be of concern. Even so, it remained enamored by the dangerous amalgamations of hydrogen and helium that roamed the universe.

"아름다운..." Blue whispered, unaware that it had spoken at all.

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Hello everyone, how are you all doing today? I hope you are all having a great week so far, my week has been pretty good. Been a bit busy trying to help my cousin move to her new house, but luckily today I finally realized we never posted about one of the greatest action/shooter games ever created. Counter-Strike. Please read on…

Today we will highlight a game original created for the PC many years ago. Counter-Strike, to be more specific, today we will talk about the latest in the CS games family, Counter-Strike GO aka Counter-Strike Global Offensive or for short, CS: GO. I personally began playing this game many years many years ago during it’s beta stages in 1999 before its official release in 2000. I was a just a kid then but every summer my friend and I would spend at least half the damn day playing that game. Let’s find out what else makes this game a must download for Mac gamers.

What Is Counter-Strike: GO About?

Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS: GO) will expand upon the team-based action gameplay that it pioneered when it was launched 14 years ago.

CS: GO features new maps, characters, and weapons and delivers updated versions of the classic CS content (de_dust2, etc.). In addition, CS: GO will introduce new gameplay modes, matchmaking, leader boards, and more.

“Counter-Strike took the gaming industry by surprise when the unlikely MOD became the most played online PC action game in the world almost immediately after its release in August 1999,” said Doug Lombardi at Valve. “For the past 12 years, it has continued to be one of the most-played games in the world, headline competitive gaming tournaments and selling over 25 million units worldwide across the franchise. CS: GO promises to expand on CS’ award-winning gameplay and deliver it to gamers on the PC as well as the next gen consoles and the Mac.”

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Remember to like our facebook and our twitter @macheatdotcom for more Mac games and news.

Other Mac games: Mad Max For Mac |Dota 2 For Mac

twenty-twenty reflection

The year is 2020. I distinguish this year from the others. And there will be more. There might be many! I want to remember, if ever asked upon myself, that my year of 2020 was distinct from the mash of living. From the accordion of living, perhaps. From the “bellows” of my accordion life, here is my layer of 2020:

January

began with a visit from Kellan, the preparation for a long-anticipated trip to Hong Kong with Rohit. I was living at Momma’s. I had been working for her since I graduated in 2019, while I applied for job positions in cities and graduate programs in Europe and the West Coast.

In January I spent almost 2 weeks in Hong Kong with Rohit and his family. This was a life-changing trip. This was amazing. I felt so taken care of, and each day filled with exploration. And snacks. For the first time, Rohit helped me with Cantonese – every single time I asked, which was a lot, considering my personal goal was to learn as much casual Cantonese as I could while there. I recorded all my new vocabulary and phrases in a list on the plane ride back. Here I met Rohit’s family in their home element, spent an afternoon with Rohit’s mom, accompanied Rohit to friend meetups, and experienced a Chinese New Year family celebration (!!). I hiked the most exhausting and thrilling mountain of my life, called Lantau Peak (the second highest peak in Hong Kong). I felt some of my biases melt on this trip, and some of my interests open up and blossom.

I left Hong Kong as the coronavirus became an issue in the Eastern Asian world. I spent a night in Tokyo, not with Rohit, but with my nourishing airport snacks and exhausted schedule until my flight left the next day for the U.S.

February

In February life moved quickly. I applied to all 4 master’s programs, I had a second interview for a serendipitous job position in Philadelphia (the only job among many that wanted an interview!), I helped Rohit find an apartment in Norwalk, I left Rohit at his apartment in Norwalk, I accepted the job in Philadelphia, I found a place to live in Philadelphia (more magic was to come of that 2-weeks-before-moving FB find), and I moved to Philadelphia!!!

March

My momma helped me move here. To the city I’d never before been to, but in which I was about to find the happiest home. The first 2 weeks of this month were extremely memorable. I worked in the Comcast Technology Center building (a wow) as a LaunchCode teaching assistant for a 12-student, 14-week intro to computer programming and web development intensive course. I took every opportunity to explore the building, the surrounding city. The first week of connection with students was special. The idea of working the rest of the course remotely was ridiculously unlikely.

On March 14th, the pandemic was real. On March 13th, my co-teacher took home the classroom’s bottle of Purell.

My second roommate, Channing, and her kitty Tycho moved in. Deeksha, Channing, Tycho, and I would become a mini family.

We were in quarantine times, but I hadn’t had so much social interaction, peer interaction, freedom, intellectual stimulation, and work to do since the end of college 2019. It was a blessing to be where I was.

April

I will use April to say that I loved this job. It was a pinch-myself moment all the way through. I still sometimes can’t believe that I rose to the responsibilities, leadership, and organization required of me. Maybe it’s like that with new jobs that push you outside of your comfort zone and give you so much room to grow. LaunchCode was an extremely supportive and inspiring company to work for. The community of students (Comcast workers transitioning into future software engineering roles) were admirable and kind in how hard they worked, and how they helped each other.

I realized at this time that I was experiencing the dream I had put intention towards. It’s not always obvious realizing this. In fact, at first I thought I was accepting the job because it was the next best and only option. On the outside I didn’t know how meaningful it would be to me once immersed in it. When things all came together, I realized here I was, in the freedom of living independently from my home nest, in a friendly family of roommates, in a new city to explore, with a working position that supported me financially, allowed me to save for grad school, that opened me up to the computer science industry world, that used my strengths and pushed me to grow, that used my creativity, and that felt like I was being paid to learn.

I am sooooo grateful for serving in this role. It served me tremendously.

Also to be noted, Philadelphia spring. And Tycho the kitty made me love cats more than I thought I could love cats (who are now sometimes allowed to sleep under my blankets too).

May

At some point here, Deeksha, Channing, and I got to be really creative and goofy together. This plus sharing food and Deeksha eating my desserts ♡ ♡ = start of roomie love. Channing’s surprise birthday scavenger hunt.

At some point, I got accepted and not accepted into master’s programs!

And how did it happen that my random roommate’s husband was living and working in Germany following his CS master’s program there? Or that my roommate-friend would eventually move there too?

June

Work program extended by a week = another week of pay = I justify more so staying in Philadelphia longer… and longer… Staying also meant more time in the magical family and incredible bit of life I knew would end eventually. Staying meant not putting my parents at risk, or having to stay inside to keep them from risk.

In June I saw 6 helicopters flying above the city from my rooftop. I filmed them one night and was captured fleetingly in their search light. I stayed home for 6 and 8 pm curfews. I read ideas and information, and observed the panicked passion of my social media a little hesitantly. I spoke with my family. I read more until I felt settled and inspired with the movement of change. I walked around the city. I saw society a little differently; I saw reasons to question how I saw almost everything. 

The Monday after the big weekend, my coworkers asked me and us all how we were doing, if there were protests in our neighborhoods. It was the first time I saw my coworkers as Black. I didn’t know if I was saying the right thing. 

My co-teacher told me I was “lucky” I’d be moving out of the country. I told him I still wanted my home country to be a welcoming place for all. He was not so confident.

And! Rohit visited for a week :). I had fun and we both couldn’t wait to go back to having individual spaces to be ourselves.

July

At one point, with my job ended and Channing in North Carolina for most of the month, I was met with the pressure of everything I could do in the calm before the storm of change, and everything I wasn’t doing. A little rough. Oh to be leaving a place that has already been leaving you.

August

I moved in with Rohit in Norwalk! Took all my Philadelphia belongings in a car with not-friends Deeksha and Channing, and drove (Channing drove) to Norwalk. I was so grateful to them for that trip. We got a glimpse of the no-parking beaches. Specifically, we parked for 15 minutes in the “15 Minute Parking ONLY” spot by the beach at cotton candy sunset while Deeksha and I ran to the warm water and the two of us dove in like happy water pups and not 23- to 30-year-olds. Next day was a rockier beach and I’m still wishing Channing her next sunny beach day. This month was fun and without-a-car adventurous, though the airbnb-turned-rented-apartment that was actually’s Rohit’s didn’t quite feel like my settling in home. My daily purpose was working for my mom again and preparing for my master’s program.

I loved running so much with Rohit.

I did not love figuring out how to acquire a car to stay in Rochester for a month. Haha (thinking about tears). But we did it! And then we packed too many of my things into the car with Rohit’s things and drove 6 hours to Rochester, NY. 

September

I think we each ran longer distances than we had run before along the river trail in Rochester. We were a little outdoorsy. We had an ample supply of local Chinese bakery goods (that reminded me of Hong Kong bakery items). There was sun, but not in the apartment. By the way, this apartment was a miraculous coincidence from one of Rohit’s (very tidy and kind) friends who hadn’t been living there for months but would have to move out at the end of October. So we could pay him rent!

Also surprise to AriaRay’s patience, calm, and going with the flow acceptance: as a bonus level to the desperately declared plan of packing ahead of time to avoid the overwhelming stress of the previous move, Rohit and I learned we would also be cleaning and clearing out our friend’s apartment first! 

In the end, I had to accept that it was Rohit’s leading responsibility. Whatever we could do would make the experience easier for our absent friend. We moved out and found donation homes for almost everything. We did it! 5 pm and out the door to Burlington! (Extra exclamation points for whirlwind desperation and relief.)

October

I spent my last day with Rohit in Burlington. Burlington was love. And glorious fall.

I packed for Germany, I found a place to live in Germany, I boarded a plane to Germany. I got on the plane to Germany and went to sleep in Germany and thought, “Haha, isn’t it funny that I’m in Germany? Who thought of Germany?”

A new country and a new day to day life! I was grateful to be finally there and in awe that I had gotten to this point. My childhood self said, “when I’m 23, I’ll be in Europe.” Well, here I am.

We’re still in a pandemic. Meaning my classes are online and my traveling is cautiously limited to grocery store treks and to walks or bus rides around the city.

I have 3 very nice (and extraordinarily clean??) roommates from Ukraine, Russia, Iraq. All studying. One speaks better German than English, which is sometimes amusing as I really do want to have a conversation with her anyway.

Birthday, Halloween. But sometimes I forget and think my last birthday was in 2019. Blurry.

November

Hmmm studying. It still feels unprocessed to reflect on this. My master’s program can be considered a computational linguistics degree, formally called “Language Science and Technology M.Sc.” because to be more specific, this degree covers broader areas of computer science for language, and linguistics for computer science, than only computational linguistics. 

I do love the subject. It is by far a synthesis of my linguistics and cs interests. I’m learning a little more than what my focus for here initially has been. Is this a good thing? Maybe a nice cushion of knowledge and perspective. Still looking for how to study and process spoken language, how to relate this to second language acquisition. 

I think I get it. My core lectures right now are foundations for this field. I will leap from them into my specific field of interest. My software project is a learning ground for tools and seeds for future ideas, practice with coding group projects again. My seminars are for thinking, reading, discussing, weaving ideas, hearing from others seasoned in the topics and those of my peers investing their newfound or nurtured interests. Three more semesters.

Where will I be next?

I think I should mention one Thanksgiving meal that we cooked for, and shared with the additional guests of Olha’s partner Gaston and his roommate...with a name I can’t place now...from Morocco. This was a widely, uniquely fun night.

December

Hello cozy holidays, the first, by myself. My roommates and I decorated a tree from our local grocery store. I made cookies and cards, sent 14 gold letters. I spent hours decorating and felt creatively festive. ‘Tis the season :). Hoping everyone can feel the love I’m sending. 

Surprises came after small gifts appeared from each roommate to each other. Olha made us all Christmas gift bags of gingerbread cookies. I strung a decorated card on the tree for each roommate and shared cookies and oranges. Uliana wrapped Russian tea and a scented candle in parchment paper, leftover gold glittered tree ribbon, and a holiday clothespin. She wrote “Merry Christmas! Happy New Year!” in each of our languages: Russian (well, not Ukrainian), English, German. Zhenas gave us each a gift bag of treats. So, there has been magic in my apartment this season.

Happy New Year, and thank you 2020, for all the joy, discoveries, and change you have brought me. Here’s to love in 2021.

♡ 

Intro

Well, hi everyone at any point in time. My name’s Rachel and I can finally use my student discounts again.

I have made a bonafide studyblr blog, as I’m headed back to school full time to complete my BSIT starting in January. Right now I’m dedicating most of my free time to preparing for the sequence of math requirements that I am sorely out of practice from.

I’ve been coding and breaking/rebuilding computers inside and out since I could properly type, but a rough adolescence and untreated mental illness had me taking some detours through high school and a little beyond-- as a result, I finished up my A.S. in Information Technology barely past my 23rd birthday. Having to support a family will have that sort of effect on how quickly you can get things done. Wouldn’t recommend it. 

I work full time in the industry already as some kind of weird sysadmin/developer/devops frankenstein creature, filling all 3 niches in a small privately-owned company that doesn’t place a ton of value on having adequate technical staffing-- fine for now, sure, but I can’t do it forever. I foresee it collapsing eventually due to poor management of other departments, but at that point it will no longer be my problem and I refuse to worry about it right now.

Thus, I’m heading back full time to complete a B.S. of Information Technology, and from there either explore postgrad/postgrad certificate options or start immediately working in devops if the right opportunity comes along. 

I’m also not quitting my job as it’s not an option. This will either pan out really well or possibly kill me but either way it’s whatever. 

In a perfect world, I would be doing CS instead; but location, time, and affordability are all huge for me right now and the only bachelor’s program I have reasonable access to right now (and the credits already earned to complete in an amount of time that I can justify taking) is IT at a state school. I straight-up refuse to take out any sort of loan for undergrad at any point.

So, that’s it. Embracing the student life, or as close to it as I can get considering the circumstances. Begin the reblog spam of unrealistically tidy notes and Ikea catalog workspaces.

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Chartered Accountancy (CA) Course

The profession of CA (Chartered Accountant) is financially rewarding and challenging at the same time! In this article, you will be reading about Chartered Accountancy course details, eligibility criteria, further studies & courses, career prospects and job opportunities.

In India, CA education and training is managed by ICAI. ICAI stands for The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. It is the body responsible for maintaining the quality of CA course and education in India.

If one wants to attain the qualification of ca test series in India, he/she must complete the training and get himself/herself registered with the ICAI. Membership has to be renewed each year.

 What are the functions of a CA, you may ask. Basically, as the term Chartered Accountant suggests, CAs deal with auditing, accounting and finance management. These are their primary tasks. However, depending upon specialization, they may venture into other areas too, like- Law, risk assessment, Investment banking etc.

Eligibility criteria

Students who have passed 10+2 from any stream (Science/Commerce/Arts) are eligible to pursue CA course. Graduates or Post Graduates who have completed 3 or 4 years long Bachelor’s Degree program from a reputed institute are also eligible to pursue this course.

 Commerce stream students will find CA course relatively comfortable to deal with. This is because of the fact that the course consists of subjects like Accounting and Finance, which are present in 11th and 12th commerce stream schooling.

Despite the above mentioned fact, students from any stream, after 10+2, may give this course a try! Same condition applies in case of graduates and postgraduates.

 Wondering what CA course structure is like? Want to know check out the course duration? Let us check out the course details and you will get answers to all the questions mentioned above.

 CA course details

CA course can be divided into three main levels. They are-

CPT     (Common Proficiency Test)

IPCC     (Integrated Professional Competence Course)

CA Final     Course

 CPT is the entry level test. IPCC is the first stage of theoretical education and Final course is the final stage of theoretical education. Only on completing the above 3 stages, a candidate is said to have finished the course! There are no regular colleges (like in case of other professional courses) offering CA course. One must apply online, pay the fees and prepare like one is in ‘correspondence’ mode. Yes, one may take coaching and training provided by CA tutors. Duration to complete whole course depends on one’s aptitude. Generally, it could be wrapped up in 5 years.

1 CPT

Common Proficiency Test (CPT) which is designed in the pattern of entry level test for engineering, medical and other professional courses. It is a test of 4 hours duration comprising of two sessions of 2 hours each, with a break between two sessions. The test comprises of objective type questions only with negative marking for choosing wrong options. CPT syllabus include the following subjects-

Fundamentals     of Accounting

Mercantile     Laws

General     Economics

Quantitative     Aptitude

 Note (CPT Exemption Rule): Students who are Graduates/ Post Graduates in Commerce having secured in aggregate a minimum of 55% of the total or its equivalent by studying any three papers of 100 marks each out of Accounting, Auditing, Mercantile Laws, Corporate Laws, Economics, Management (including Financial Management), Taxation (including Direct Tax Laws and Indirect Tax Laws), Costing, Business Administration or Management Accounting or other than those falling under Commerce stream having secured in aggregate a minimum of 60% of the total marks or its equivalent grade in the examination conducted by any recognized University (including Open University) and Candidates who have passed the Intermediate level examination conducted by The Institute of Cost Accountants of India or by The Institute of Company Secretaries of India are exempted from qualifying Common Proficiency Test (CPT). Such students can directly register to the Intermediate (IPCC) Course, which is the first stage of theoretical education.

  2 IPCC

This is the first stage of theoretical education in CA course. This level focuses on theoretical knowledge about accounting and related subjects. This theoretical course is followed by training session (articleship) and final course.

IPCC syllabus include-

Accounting

Business Laws, Ethics and Communication

Cost Accounting and Financial Management

Taxation

Advanced Accounting

Auditing and Assurance

Information Technology and Strategic Management

 Students who are pursuing the Final year Graduation Course can also register for the Intermediate (Integrated Professional Competence) Course on provisional basis and such students, registration would be regularised and they can commence articled training only on submission of satisfactory proof of having passed the Graduation examination with the specified percentage of marks within six months from the date of appearance in the final year graduation examination.

 While going through IPCC, a candidate also has to complete 35 hours of orientation program and 100 hours of ITT (Information Technology Training). ITT consists of computer knowledge, MS Office programs, ICAI CA software, E Filing, Web Technology, Accounting package, project work etc.

After going through above mentioned stages and completing them, a candidate then has to join 3 years long practical training at an auditing firm or accountancy firm. This practical training is known as ‘articleship’. A candidate is entitled to a stipend while he/she is going through this training program. During practical training, a candidate also has to complete two courses on General Management and Communication Skills.

 After qualifying both groups of IPCC and completing the training program, a candidate may join the CA final course.

  3 Final course

The last leg of the Chartered Accountancy course is Final Course, designed to impart expert knowledge in financial reporting, auditing and professional ethics, taxation, corporate laws, system control, strategic finance and advanced management accountancy. Practical knowledge is given much importance in this stage.

 Syllabus-

Financial     Reporting

Strategic     Financial Management

Advanced     Auditing and Professional Ethics

Corporate     and Allied Laws

Advanced     Management Accounting

Information     Systems Control and Audit

Direct     Tax Laws

Indirect     Tax Laws

 After qualifying the final examination, one may acquire membership of ICAI! One may use the prefix of CA with his/her name after acquiring membership!

 Further studies and courses

After CA course, Chartered Accountants may pursue advanced courses and specialize in disciplines such as law, finance management, taxation etc. Some of the well known advanced courses available are-

CFA     (Chartered Financial Analyst)

FRM     (Financial Risk Manager)

MBA     (Finance)

CFP     (Certified Financial Planner)

CS     (Company Secretary) course

CWA     (Cost and Work Accountants)

Actuarial     Sciences

LL.B.

Career prospects and job opportunities

CAs have numerous job opportunities available in front of them. Government as well as private sector offers diverse job opportunities and profiles. Tax related matters, finance management and auditing are the main work formats that CAs get. It is like bread and butter for them. With experience and further education, they may venture into fields like Risk assessment and management, budgeting, financial planning etc.

 Well known areas where CAs may find a job include-

Banking     and Insurance Sector (Government and Private)

Income     Tax Department

Tax     Advisory Firms

Auditing     Firms

Stock     Broking Firms

Investment     Banking Firms

Asset     Management Firms

Law     Firms (LL.B. Degree will be useful)

Finance     Companies

CA Firms

Corporate     Houses (Planning and Budgeting team)

 Most industries and companies, from manufacturing to services sector, have to deal with finance matters and tax matters. Qualified CAs are required by such companies to deal with tax matters in an efficient manner. Many companies even have dedicated CAs who take care of tax matters and auditing.

Besides working for a CA firm, one may also start one’s own practice. Before starting independent service, one must gain enough working experience by working for a firm. Some well known job profiles include-

Auditor (statutory, internal, tax etc)

Cost Accountant

Tax specialist (Direct and Indirect taxes)

Investment Banker

Asset Manager

Manager/Assistant Manager (Accounts, Finance, Credit     etc)

Consultant

Recent Media Consumed

Shows

Black Mirror. Okay, I already said something about this, but now that I’ve seen all 4 seasons that are out I should qualify. This is a really INTENSELY BRILLIANT show with pretty mind blowing writing and worldbuilding. But. It is also an extremely bleak-outlook type show and if you can’t handle technological horror, DO. NOT. WATCH. Each show takes a human foible and or technology (social media, dating apps, five star rating, child monitoring technology) and takes it to its most extreme logical conclusion... which still manages to be an absolute conceivable possibility of a future that comes to pass within the next twenty years. It’s brilliant. Watch with caution if you watch. Also, I finally understood the title. When your phone is off and you look at the screen, what are you looking at? (note, the crack running through the title image all the time). ALSO this is definitely a rated R show (nudity, sex, swearing, some gore depending on the ep, disturbing imagery and concepts. Whole nine yards)

Anime

Beyond the Boundary. I made it one and a third episodes in. It feels like a train wreck to me. There’s too much information dumped in on us at once that it seems like the characters are privy to but has never been given to the audience at any point, and most interactions feel like a long string of cliches strung together. Can’t take any more of this.

Books

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows by J.K. Rowling. So, as I’ve been saying as I’ve gone along reading each of these books for the first time, I really enjoyed this. It’s a good series. Also there’s quite a bit more depth to the books, though the movies took a good hack at it. I think my favorite bit (that got glossed over in the movies) is Kreacher’s turnaround. Lovely series.

Dumbing us Down by John Taylor Gatto. This concludes my second read through of the book, this time out loud for others to hear. I want other people to hear or read this book. In pointing to a problem it gave me, I feel, permission to no longer be ashamed of the ways I have “failed” because my failure is very strictly defined by a system I do not want to find my meaning in. I will be circulating the playlist where I have read this book aloud on occasion now that it is complete.

Wise Blood by Flannery O’Connor. Okay I know I’m “supposed” to hop on the train and say this is a masterpiece but what the flip am I even reading??? I don’t like or connect to one single character in this book. They’re all miserable and everyone is repulsive and I do not understand where the plot is trying to take me, if it’s trying to take me somewhere at all. Would not recommend.

Out of the Silent Planet by CS Lewis. Hey guys, how many of you knew that the guy who wrote the Chronicles of Narnia also did a space trilogy? It’s pretty epic. Though it does go in Lewis’ very slow style of building things before they roll over the edge of a cliff. It’s a very short read full of fantastic imagery (which often loses me in location, but still) and leads straight into

Perelandra by CS Lewis. I’m about 2/3 through re-reading this and I understand a lot more than I did when I was a teen and it was assigned reading. It’s a beautiful, wistful look at what might have been, in some ways. Hard to say too much without spoiling it.

Next on deck: Re-reading Library of Souls by Ransom Riggs so I can read A Map of Days by Ransom Riggs.

Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market Trends 2020 | Growth by Top Companies: Medtronic, Abbott

The Global Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market Research Report 2020-2025 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand, and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Market study provides comprehensive data that enhances the understanding, scope, and application of this report.

The global peripheral vascular devices market size is projected to reach USD 12.6 billion by 2025 from USD 9.2 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period.

Top Companies in the Global Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market: Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, TERUMO, C. R. Bard, Cordis, Cook Medical, B. Braun, Biotronik, Stryker, JOTEC, Lombard Medical, Acandis, ELLA-CS, Balt, Concentric And Other

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This report segments the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market on the basis of by Type are:

Stent Balloon Others

On the basis of By Application, the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market is segmented into:

Hospital Clinic Others

Regional Analysis for Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market:

For a comprehensive understanding of market dynamics, the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market is analyzed across key geographies namely: United States, China, Europe, Japan, South-east Asia, India, and others. Each of these regions is analyzed on basis of market findings across major countries in these regions for a macro-level understanding of the market.

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Points Covered in The Report:

The points that are talked over within the report are the major Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market players that influence the market such as raw material suppliers, manufacturers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors etc.

The all-inclusive profile of the companies is specified. The production, price, capacity, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, future strategies, supply, and the technological developments that they are creating are also incorporated within the report. Besides the historical data from 2014 to 2019 and forecast data from 2019 to 2025.

The growth factors of the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market are deeply discussed while the different end users of the market are underlined.

Data and information by manufacturer, by region, by type, by application and etc., and custom research can be added in line with the specific requirements.

ThePeripheral Vascular Interventions Market report also considers the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report concludes with the opinions of the industry experts.

What are the market factors that are explained in the report

Further in the Peripheral Vascular Interventions  Market research reports, following points are included along with in-depth study of each point:-

Production Analysis – Production of the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market is analyzed with respect to different regions, types and applications. Here, price analysis of various Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market key players are also covered.

Sales and Revenue Analysis – Both, sales and revenue are studied for the different regions of the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market. Another major aspect, price, which plays important part in the revenue generation, is also assessed in this section for the various regions.

Supply and Consumption – In continuation with sales, this section studies supply and consumption for the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market. This part also sheds light on the gap between supple and consumption. Import and export figures are also given in this part.

Competitors – In this section, various Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market leading players are studied with respect to their company profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, cost and revenue.

Other analyses – Apart from the aforementioned information, trade and distribution analysis for the Peripheral Vascular Interventions Market, contact information of major manufacturers, suppliers and key consumers is also given. Also, SWOT analysis for new projects and feasibility analysis for new investment are included.

Customization of the Report: This report can be customized as per your needs for additional data up to 3 companies or countries or 40 analyst hours.

Note: All the reports that we list have been tracking the impact of COVID-19 on the market. Both upstream and downstream of the entire supply chain has been accounted for while doing this. Also, where possible, we will provide an additional COVID-19 update supplement/report to the report in Q3, please check for with the sales team.

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Curriculum design in 2020

Curriculum has historically been defined as a “product or completely contained system” (Wiles & Bondi, 2015, p. 3) based on a set of clear educational objectives (Tyler, 2013). While curriculum design was seen as a set of defined steps a designer follows to create the curriculum. The definition of both curriculum and the steps toward creating it have become more nuanced over time. In the postmodern age, curriculum now encompasses the planned and unplanned, the documented and hidden. The steps, once “linear, sequential and easily quantifiable” are giving way “to a more complex, pluralistic, unpredictable system or network” (Wiles & Bondi, 2015, p. 3). 

Ubiquitous access to technology and the Internet, have certainly turned many curricular assumptions on their head. Educational objectives based on merely disseminating content knowledge are questioned as learners have easy access to that information (Wiles & Bondi, 2015). As the pandemic has shown, curriculum and curriculum design also need to be much more agile. 

One analogy that comes to mind for a way to think about the evolution of curriculum design in 2020 is the evolution of software design and development process. When I was a product manager at IBM, we used the traditional Waterfall methodology which laid out clear steps to follow in an orderly fashion over months or years that resulted in the delivery of a final product. It was a good model to use for big, complex software projects that were delivered through physical means like the hardware it was installed on or diskettes, CDs and DVDs. Access to high speed Internet changed the software delivery mechanism and now consumers expect fast updates and upgrades. The Agile development methodology is an iterative process where every few weeks a team cycles through the creation of new features, updating existing features, and fixing bugs after each iteration.

When I first stumbled into my K-8 teaching career, I was asked to create the technology curriculum because it did not exist at that school or really anywhere, for that matter. I was pointed to curriculum from other subject areas as models for my work. Slick and thorough, I sensed that these had been produced through a Waterfall-based method. So I found myself teaching while trying to produce a K-8 technology curriculum that satisfied administration and parents. I found once I had documented something, it felt obsolete pretty quickly.

Over my teaching career, I have found myself leaning toward an Agile approach to curriculum development using CS standards and the overall mission of the school as the framework, but working week to week or project to project with colleagues and students to create or remix curriculum to fit our unique situation. I often wondered if it was just the nature of computer science and technology education, where there is always something new to learn, that made the Agile approach so helpful. But with the pandemic and a rapid move to distance learning, I saw many teachers using a 1-3 week iterative approach to curriculum, that paid greater attention to student needs, parent concerns, accessibility, cultural contexts, and the sharing of resources across domains.

I believe that the curriculum design process in 2020 needs to continue to embrace an Agile-based approach. As the Agile Alliance notes, "Agile is the ability to create and respond to change. It is a way of dealing with, and ultimately succeeding in, an uncertain and turbulent environment." The pandemic and the racial inequalities that have come to the fore, demonstrate that we are in a time of great change. The curriculum design process needs to be an iterative, collaborative process that incorporates the voice of all the stakeholders.

References

Agile Alliance. (n.d.). Agile 101. https://www.agilealliance.org/agile101/

Tyler, R. W., & Hlebowitsh, P. S. (2013). Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction (First Edition, Revised ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Wiles, J., & Bondi, J. (2015). Curriculum development (Ninth edition.). Boston: Pearson.

U.S.-European Sea Level Satellite Gears Up for Launch The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich spacecraft will soon be heading into orbit to monitor the height of the ocean for nearly the entire globe. Preparations are ramping up for the Nov. 10 launch of the world's latest sea level satellite. Since arriving in a giant cargo plane at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California last month, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich has been undergoing final checks, including visual inspections, to make sure it's fit to head into orbit. Surviving the bone-rattling vibrations and sounds of launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket is just the start of the mission. Once in orbit some 830 miles (1,336 kilometers) above Earth, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich has the task of collecting sea level measurements with an accuracy of a few centimeters (for a single measurement) for more than 90% of the world's oceans. And it will be making those measurements while repeatedly flying through an area of intense radiation known as the South Atlantic Anomaly, which can scramble electronics. That's why engineers and researchers have put Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich through a battery of tests to ensure that the spacecraft will survive launch and the harsh environment of space. But how will the mission pull the rest of it off? With sophisticated instruments, global navigation satellites, and lasers - lots of lasers. They'll all work in concert to enable the spacecraft to carry out its task of observing the ocean. Given the challenges and goals of the mission, the satellite's moniker is appropriate: It's named after noted researcher Dr. Michael Freilich, the former director of NASA's Earth Science Division. A second spacecraft identical to Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, Sentinel-6B, will launch in 2025 to continue the work after its sibling's five-and-a-half-year prime mission ends. Together, the satellites make up the Sentinel-6/Jason-CS (Continuity of Service) mission, which is a partnership between NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Collectively, the satellites will add a decade's worth of the most accurate satellite data yet on ocean height to a nearly 30-year record documenting how our oceans are rising in response to climate change. Both spacecraft will also collect data on atmospheric temperature and humidity that will help to improve weather forecasts as well as atmospheric and climate models. This is where those sophisticated instruments, global navigation satellites, and lasers come in. How It Works To accurately measure extremely small variations in sea level, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich will rely on a suite of three instruments that provide scientists information to determine the spacecraft's exact position in orbit. One component of this positioning package is the laser retroreflector array, a set of nine small, precisely shaped mirrors. Lasers are directed at them from ground stations on Earth, and they reflect the (harmless) beams right back to their point of origin. These laser-emitting ranging stations, as they're known, calculate how long the laser takes to bounce off the reflectors and return, which gives the distance between the satellite and the station. Another instrument, the Global Navigation Satellite System - Precise Orbit Determination (GNSS-POD), tracks GPS and Galileo navigation signals. Researchers analyze these signals to help determine the satellite's position. The third instrument in the positioning package is the Doppler Orbitography and Radioposition Integrated by Satellite (DORIS). It analyzes radio signals from 55 global ground stations, measuring the Doppler shift of the radio signals' frequencies to determine the 3D position of the satellite over time. When used together, these instruments provide the data needed to ascertain the precise position of the satellite, which in turn helps to determine the height of the sea surface. On the science side are two instruments that work in concert to determine sea level and a third that collects atmospheric data. The Poseidon-4 radar altimeter measures ocean height by bouncing radar pulses off the water's surface and calculating the time it takes for the signal to return to the satellite. However, water vapor in the atmosphere affects the propagation of the radar pulses from the altimeter, which can make the ocean appear higher or lower than it actually is. To correct for this affect, an instrument called the Advanced Microwave Radiometer for Climate (AMR-C) measures the amount of water vapor between the spacecraft and the ocean. "AMR-C is the next generation of AMR instruments, and it includes new components that will enable more accurate measurements along coastlines and throughout the mission," said Shannon Statham, AMR-C integration and test lead at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. For information on the atmosphere, the Global Navigation Satellite System - Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) instrument gathers data on temperature and humidity that can help to improve weather forecasts. GNSS-RO analyzes radio signals from global navigational satellites as they appear and disappear beyond the limb of the Earth - the hazy blue edge of the atmosphere that's visible when you look at pictures of our planet in space. As these radio signals travel through different layers of the atmosphere, they bend and slow by varying degrees. Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich and satellites like it use GNSS-RO technology to measure these changes, enabling researchers to then extract atmospheric characteristics like temperature and humidity at different altitudes. All the instruments, power systems, telecommunications - everything that makes Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich tick - must work together to accomplish the mission's science goals, much like the international partners have worked together to get this satellite ready for launch. "Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich is a great contribution to climate change, environment monitoring, and to the Digital Twin Earth. Sentinel-6 is a reference model of the cooperation between the U.S. and Europe on Earth Observation and represents a good foundation for future projects," said Josef Aschbacher, ESA director of Earth Observation Programmes. More About the Mission Sentinel-6/Jason-CS is being jointly developed by ESA, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA, with funding support from the European Commission and technical support from France's National Centre for Space Studies (CNES). JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, is contributing three science instruments for each Sentinel-6 satellite: the Advanced Microwave Radiometer, the Global Navigation Satellite System - Radio Occultation, and the Laser Retroreflector Array. NASA is also contributing launch services, ground systems supporting operation of the NASA science instruments, the science data processors for two of these instruments, and support for the international Ocean Surface Topography Science Team.

Chartered Accountancy (CA) Course

The profession of CA (Chartered Accountant) is financially rewarding and challenging at the same time! In this article, you will be reading about Chartered Accountancy course details, eligibility criteria, further studies & courses, career prospects and job opportunities.

In India, CA education and training is managed by ICAI. ICAI stands for The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. It is the body responsible for maintaining the quality of CA course and education in India.

If one wants to attain the qualification of CA in India, he/she must complete the training and get himself/herself registered with the ICAI. Membership has to be renewed each year.

 What are the functions of a CA, you may ask. Basically, as the term Chartered Accountant suggests, CAs deal with auditing, accounting and finance management. These are their primary tasks. However, depending upon specialization, they may venture into other areas too, like- Law, risk assessment, Investment banking etc.

Eligibility criteria

Students who have passed 10+2 from any stream (Science/Commerce/Arts) are eligible to pursue CA course. Graduates or Post Graduates who have completed 3 or 4 years long Bachelor’s Degree program from a reputed institute are also eligible to pursue this course.

 Commerce stream students will find ca final test series icai relatively comfortable to deal with. This is because of the fact that the course consists of subjects like Accounting and Finance, which are present in 11th and 12th commerce stream schooling.

Despite the above mentioned fact, students from any stream, after 10+2, may give this course a try! Same condition applies in case of graduates and postgraduates.

 Wondering what CA course structure is like? Want to know check out the course duration? Let us check out the course details and you will get answers to all the questions mentioned above.

 CA course details

CA course can be divided into three main levels. They are-

CPT     (Common Proficiency Test)

IPCC     (Integrated Professional Competence Course)

CA Final     Course

 CPT is the entry level test. IPCC is the first stage of theoretical education and Final course is the final stage of theoretical education. Only on completing the above 3 stages, a candidate is said to have finished the course! There are no regular colleges (like in case of other professional courses) offering CA course. One must apply online, pay the fees and prepare like one is in ‘correspondence’ mode. Yes, one may take coaching and training provided by CA tutors. Duration to complete whole course depends on one’s aptitude. Generally, it could be wrapped up in 5 years.

1 CPT

Common Proficiency Test (CPT) which is designed in the pattern of entry level test for engineering, medical and other professional courses. It is a test of 4 hours duration comprising of two sessions of 2 hours each, with a break between two sessions. The test comprises of objective type questions only with negative marking for choosing wrong options. CPT syllabus include the following subjects-

Fundamentals     of Accounting

Mercantile     Laws

General     Economics

Quantitative     Aptitude

 Note (CPT Exemption Rule): Students who are Graduates/ Post Graduates in Commerce having secured in aggregate a minimum of 55% of the total or its equivalent by studying any three papers of 100 marks each out of Accounting, Auditing, Mercantile Laws, Corporate Laws, Economics, Management (including Financial Management), Taxation (including Direct Tax Laws and Indirect Tax Laws), Costing, Business Administration or Management Accounting or other than those falling under Commerce stream having secured in aggregate a minimum of 60% of the total marks or its equivalent grade in the examination conducted by any recognized University (including Open University) and Candidates who have passed the Intermediate level examination conducted by The Institute of Cost Accountants of India or by The Institute of Company Secretaries of India are exempted from qualifying Common Proficiency Test (CPT). Such students can directly register to the Intermediate (IPCC) Course, which is the first stage of theoretical education.

  2 IPCC

This is the first stage of theoretical education in CA course. This level focuses on theoretical knowledge about accounting and related subjects. This theoretical course is followed by training session (articleship) and final course.

IPCC syllabus include-

Accounting

Business Laws, Ethics and Communication

Cost Accounting and Financial Management

Taxation

Advanced Accounting

Auditing and Assurance

Information Technology and Strategic Management

 Students who are pursuing the Final year Graduation Course can also register for the Intermediate (Integrated Professional Competence) Course on provisional basis and such students, registration would be regularised and they can commence articled training only on submission of satisfactory proof of having passed the Graduation examination with the specified percentage of marks within six months from the date of appearance in the final year graduation examination.

 While going through IPCC, a candidate also has to complete 35 hours of orientation program and 100 hours of ITT (Information Technology Training). ITT consists of computer knowledge, MS Office programs, ICAI CA software, E Filing, Web Technology, Accounting package, project work etc.

After going through above mentioned stages and completing them, a candidate then has to join 3 years long practical training at an auditing firm or accountancy firm. This practical training is known as ‘articleship’. A candidate is entitled to a stipend while he/she is going through this training program. During practical training, a candidate also has to complete two courses on General Management and Communication Skills.

 After qualifying both groups of IPCC and completing the training program, a candidate may join the CA final course.

  3 Final course

The last leg of the Chartered Accountancy course is Final Course, designed to impart expert knowledge in financial reporting, auditing and professional ethics, taxation, corporate laws, system control, strategic finance and advanced management accountancy. Practical knowledge is given much importance in this stage.

 Syllabus-

Financial     Reporting

Strategic     Financial Management

Advanced     Auditing and Professional Ethics

Corporate     and Allied Laws

Advanced     Management Accounting

Information     Systems Control and Audit

Direct     Tax Laws

Indirect     Tax Laws

 After qualifying the final examination, one may acquire membership of ICAI! One may use the prefix of CA with his/her name after acquiring membership!

 Further studies and courses

After CA course, Chartered Accountants may pursue advanced courses and specialize in disciplines such as law, finance management, taxation etc. Some of the well known advanced courses available are-

CFA     (Chartered Financial Analyst)

FRM     (Financial Risk Manager)

MBA     (Finance)

CFP     (Certified Financial Planner)

CS     (Company Secretary) course

CWA     (Cost and Work Accountants)

Actuarial     Sciences

LL.B.

Career prospects and job opportunities

CAs have numerous job opportunities available in front of them. Government as well as private sector offers diverse job opportunities and profiles. Tax related matters, finance management and auditing are the main work formats that CAs get. It is like bread and butter for them. With experience and further education, they may venture into fields like Risk assessment and management, budgeting, financial planning etc.

 Well known areas where CAs may find a job include-

Banking     and Insurance Sector (Government and Private)

Income     Tax Department

Tax     Advisory Firms

Auditing     Firms

Stock     Broking Firms

Investment     Banking Firms

Asset     Management Firms

Law     Firms (LL.B. Degree will be useful)

Finance     Companies

CA Firms

Corporate     Houses (Planning and Budgeting team)

 Most industries and companies, from manufacturing to services sector, have to deal with finance matters and tax matters. Qualified CAs are required by such companies to deal with tax matters in an efficient manner. Many companies even have dedicated CAs who take care of tax matters and auditing.

Besides working for a CA firm, one may also start one’s own practice. Before starting independent service, one must gain enough working experience by working for a firm. Some well known job profiles include-

Auditor (statutory, internal, tax etc)

Cost Accountant

Tax specialist (Direct and Indirect taxes)

Investment Banker

Asset Manager

Manager/Assistant Manager (Accounts, Finance, Credit     etc)

Consultant

Fashola Finally Releases List of Corrupt Contractors

Nigeria’s power, works and housing minister Babatunde Fashola has released names of firms that were contracted by the federal government on power projects but failed to deliver the projects. Fashola listed the contractors in a letter to Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP), who had consistently pressured the former Lagos State governor on the alleged corrupt contractors. The minister in a letter with reference number FMP/LU/R2K/2016/T/40 signed by the permanent secretary of power ministry Louis O.N. Edozien listed the firms. The letter said, “Pow Technologies Limited, an Abuja based company, was in 2014 awarded a contract for the supply and installation of test and maintenance equipment relays, etc to various NAPTIN regional training centers (RTCs) (LOT15), with the total contract sum of N87,763,302.40, out of which N79,404,892.66 was paid to Pow Technologies Limited.” Fashola explained that the contracts were awarded in 2014, stating that only 13 of the 19 items have so far been supplied, with 6 items outstanding. In the letter, the minister said different measures were being harnessed to ensure “completion of the project, address criminal breach of contract and take remedial action.”

The minister said that while the contractors undertook to take remedial action, they have failed to complete the project for which funds have been released. He noted that it submitted a petition to Abuja police commissioner on 13th January 2016, and that the police instituted a case for the prosecution of Messrs Pow at the Upper Area Court. The ministry also said it has sought and received legal advice to pursue a civil action at the FCT High Court while a report of criminal breach of contract has been made to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). In response, SERAP demanded additional information on the companies to deliver the projects they were contracted to deliver. “We welcome Mr Fashola’s latest response and the information regarding Pow Technologies Limited. But we need details of names of other contractors that have collected public funds yet failed to execute power projects,” SERAP said in a tweet. “We will continue to push the Ministry and its agencies to reveal more details of alleged corrupt contractors and companies, as contained in our FOI request.” Prior to the disclosure, Fashola had told SERAP that “the Ministry has searched for the requested information on details of alleged contractors and companies that collected money for electricity projects and failed to executive any projects, but we could not find it from our records.”   But SERAP disagreed saying, “The public expectation is that government information, when in the hands of any public institutions and agencies, should be available to the public, as prescribed by the FOI Act. The FOI Act should always be used as an authority for disclosing information rather than withholding it.”

Fashola, however, promised to “refer the request for details of alleged contractors and companies that collected money for electricity projects and failed to executive any projects to the Ministry’s agencies for necessary action and appropriate response.” He explained that “There may be instances of part-payment against certification of commensurate value for materials and services in achieved contract milestone even though the entire contract is not 100% performed.” SERAP thereafter made an FOI request with suit number FHC/L/CS/105/19 filed in February at the Federal High Court, Lagos. The suit is seeking “an order of mandamus directing and/or compelling Mr Fashola to provide specific details on the names and whereabouts of the contractors who collected public funds meant for electricity projects but disappeared with the money without executing any projects.” By Dennis Erezi Read the full article