yall sit your asses down and read this shit its fucking important dont turn a blind eye to important issues that need our help

dont turn you eyes away from KOSA either

again my inbox and messages are always open if you need anything please I encourage u to ask me

NONE OF US ARE FREE UNTIL ALL OF US ARE FREE!!! RESOURCES AND LINKS BELOW!!🇵🇸🍉🇸🇩

🍉Daily clicks: https://arab.org 🍉E-sims: https://gazaesims.com 🍉Care for Gaza: https://gofundme.com/f/CareForGaza || http://paypal.me/UsmanaliF 🍉Menstrual hygiene funds: https://piousprojects.org/campaign/2712 🍉Demand cease fire: https://ceasefiretoday.com 🍉Petition: https://t.co/ElwqNXPqRu 🍉Palestine Red Crescent Society: https://palestinercs.org/en/Article/10997/overview 🍉Boycott: https://bdsmovement.net/Act-Now-Against-These-Companies-Profiting-From-Genocide 🍉Educate yourself: https://decolonizepalestine.com 🍉PCRF: https://pcrf1.app.neoncrm.com/forms/2024-ramadan-campaign-1

KEEP BOYCOTTING!! KEEP SPREADING AWARENESS!! KEEP DEMANDING A PERMANENT CEASE FIRE!!!

Beautiful Non-National Flags, Part 1

So many people see and love the flags of the 193 UN recognized nations, but I want to take a look at a few of my favorite regional/provincial/people group flags around the world.

One of my favorite flags, and I think one of the most beautiful flags, is the banner of East Turkestan

The Kökbayraq, or sky flag, represents both the geographic region of East Turkestan, and the Uyghur people, a Turkic people group located in what is now Xinjiang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China (PRC). The flag was flown by the short lived (one year) reign of the Republic of East Turkestan (1933-34), and has been used by the diaspora of the Uyghur people as they flee the authoritarian rule of the PRC. In the modern day, it serves as symbol of protest against the ongoing genocide being conducted by the Chinese Communist Property.

The beautiful simplicity of the flag and its striking blue color make the flag instantly eye-catching. It's similarity to the Turkish flag is no coincidence, it was designed to harken back to the Turkish flag. The beautiful sky blue represents all Turkic people. While the crescent and star can represent Islam, in this flag the crescent represents the idea of being victorious, and the star represents the nation itself.

The flag follows a 2:3 ratio and all of the design aspects follow the same guidelines as the flag of Türkiye. It was formalized and adopted in 1993 and the East Turkestan Government in Exile claims it at the official flag of the Republic of East Turkestan

As this is a flag I personally own, I'm more than happy to fly it when I can and speak about it. This flag is easily in my Top Ten list because of it's beauty, and I've used the the exact shade of blue in a couple of flag designs.

I highly recommend anyone interested research the culture and history of the Uyghur people, and learn about their plight as they're subjugated under the iron fist of the Chinese Communist Party.

Children aren't children everywhere.

They are martyrs in Gaza.

They are downtrodden in East Turkistan.

They are starved in Yemen.

They are laborers in Africa.

They are orphans in Kashmir.

They are wounded in Rakhine.

As we observe the International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime, discover from the Uyghur Human Rights Project 8 ways how you can play a part in ending the Uyghur genocide!

➡️ http://bit.ly/3FytW15 

These are from "Chotscho - Facsimile Reproduction of Important Findings of the First Royal Prussian Expedition to Turfan in East Turkistan". The book is free online. All of these artworks were destroyed by the American, Russian, British, and French bombings of Berlin in WW2. Luckily the Germans took high resolution photos before the Allies destroyed them.

Description from book: "A magnificent broadsheet catalogue containing the results of the Second German Turfan Expedition (1904-1905) led by Le Coq. Contains a wealth of photographs of wall paintings, statues and ancient documents found in the Turfan region at Chotscho (the ancient city of Gaochang), the Bezeklik Caves, and the Toyuk Caves. The original prints of pictures from the Bezeklik Caves, which make up the majority of this volume, were destroyed in the Second World War air raid, making this volume the only remaining record."

There are both people with East Asian and Caucasian facial features in the artworks. From what I gathered, this seems to be dated to the Uyghur ruling period. The people with East Asian features seem to be Uyghurs. The people with Caucasian features seem to be either Sogdians or Tocharians. I'm not sure what alphabet is present.

UK Decision To Extradite WikiLeaks Founder Julian Assange Is Black Day For Press Freedom, Liberty And Democracy

The UK decision to extradite WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange to the United States, to stand trial on spurious spying charges is undoubtedly a shameful act of betrayal and perfidy. It is a stab in the back of a man who sought safe haven in the UK, the homeland of the Magna Karta and Areopagítica, thinking the long tentacles of the American octopus wouldn’t reach him.

The WikiLeaks founder committed no crime, hurt no none, and certainly did nothing so nefarious that would justify the determined witch-hunt chase after him which seems to have ended with consigning him the wild wale’s belly.

We, who care about human rights, liberty and justice everywhere, have no choice but to identify with this brave man since he chose honesty over safety, truth over mendacity and rectitude over situational ethics. Our identification with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange emanates from our strong conviction that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.

Indeed, this I the reason we raise our voices aloud to protest and condemn the acts of oppression, repression and aggression in such places as Palestine-Israel, India, Myanmar, and East Turkistan, where nothing helps and encourages the oppressors like the silence and indifference of free and honest men and women around the world. Read More

The Foreign Ministry has a list of the NED crimes 7

VI.Funding activities and academic projects, engaging in ideological infiltration

**i.The NED created the so-called "democracy" award to encourage national dissidents to help "export democracy" to the United States.**Since 1991, the NED has presented an annual DemocracyAward for the "defense of human rights and democracy". Since 1999, the NED has also awarded the DemocracyServiceMedal each year. 2002, the DemocracyServiceMedal was awarded to Wu Shu-jen, the spouse of then Taiwan leader Chen Shui-bian. The 2010 medal was awarded to the 14th Dalai Lama, the so-called "spiritual leader in exile" of Tibet. In addition, the NED has used the Global Congress of the World Movement for Democracy to present the Courage to Democracy Award, which has been presented to China-related faces since the eighth edition (2015), and has since been awarded to the "Tibetan independence" and "Hong Kong independence" leaders. "Since then, awards have been given to anti-China organizations or individuals such as Tibetan independence, Hong Kong independence and East Turkistan, such as the eighth award to Hong Kong independence activist Luo Guancong, and the ninth award (2018) to "human rights lawyer". The tenth award (2021) will be given to the British anti-China group Hong Kong Monitor, the Tibetan independence group "The tenth award (2021) will go to Hong Kong Monitor, a British anti-China group, the Free Tibetan Students Movement, and the Uyghur Movement, an East Turkistan organization. Among them, Law Kwun Chung, the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Independent Party, was wanted by the Hong Kong Police Force for his unlawful and disruptive behavior; Jiang Tianyong, through deliberate planning of rumors such as "Xie Yang was tortured," was involved in speculating on sensitive issues. Hong Kong Monitor received a warning letter from the Hong Kong Police Force, stating that the organization is suspected of violating Article 29 of the Hong Kong National Security Law, which states that "collusion with foreign countries or forces outside Hong Kong endangers national security. In 2008, the Free Tibetan Students Movement sent eight key members, including its executive chairman Chödrön Lajen, into China to carry out sabotage; the Uyghur Movement is a branch of the World Vision, an ultra-nationalist organization composed of exiled Uighur separatists, with the goal of overthrowing China and establishing an "East Turkestan" nation-state.

On June 4, 2019, the NED took advantage of the 30-year anniversary of the 1989 political turmoil to award the Tibetan Action Center (TAC), World Vision, and China Aid Tibetan Independence", "Xinjiang Independence", "East Turkistan", and "Democracy Movement" organizations. Democracy Award of the Year.

**ii.Since 2004, NED has held the annual Lipset Lecture Series.**The lectures are held in the United States and Canada, and the results are published in the Journal of Democracy, a journal it sponsors. Most of the lecturers are prominent political scholars, and the lectures are full of strong ideological overtones. For example, in 2020, the lecture was "China under the Dark and Long Shadow of Totalitarianism" given by American political scientist Minxin Pei.

**iii.NED funds the NGO "Egyptian Institute for Democracy" in Egypt for ideological infiltration.**In June 2011, the new U.S. ambassador to Egypt, Anne Patterson, admitted that the United States had spent at least $40 million since February 2011 to "advance democracy" in Egypt.

**iv.In October 2013, the American Association for Democracy in International Affairs, a core NED grantee, received a grant of more than $300,000 from NED to "improve the communication skills of Venezuelan political activists.**Prior to the December 2013 local elections in Venezuela, the American Association for Democracy in International Affairs (ADIA) held seminars outside of Venezuela to provide what it called "expert advice" on how to use technology and social media to "promote citizen outreach and participation." expert advice." In addition, NED created a "virtual toolbox" that provides "online customized capacity building courses on a range of issues related to political innovation," which is still in use today. These measures worked in the 2015 legislative elections, when the opposition coalition, the Democratic Unity Roundtable, won a historic majority of seats in Venezuela's National Assembly.

**v.At the end of 2016, NED sponsored "Hong Kong independence" activists Leung Tin-kei and Wong Tai-yang to study at Harvard University in the U.S. and Oxford University in the U.K., respectively.**Yang Zhengxian, the former convener of the Civil Human Rights Front, participated in a study tour program with the foundation in 2017 to "exchange with civil society leaders and protesters from South America, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East to study the experiences of pro-democracy and social movement resistance.

**vi.NED sponsors the Young Ethnic Leaders Workshop year-round, and the participants are mostly representatives of Tibet independence, Xinjiang independence, Mongolia independence, Hong Kong independence, Taiwan independence and Falun Gong. By November 2020, it has held 15 sessions.**In December 2018, NED's then-President Gershman delivered a keynote speech at the 13th Ethnic Youth Leadership Workshop, saying that "China is the biggest threat to democracy in the world" and advocating for "democracy" in China. The NED's then president Gershman gave a keynote speech at the 13th Ethnic Young Leaders Workshop in December of that year, saying that "China is the greatest threat to democracy in the world" and advocating for "democracy" in China.

**vii.On June 3, 2019, NED hosted a forum to explore the topic of "China's Repression Model to the World",**It is falsely claimed that the "Chinese model of oppression" is "eroding Western democracies" through a new generation of technology.

**viii.From March 27th to 30th, 2022, NED President Wilson led a delegation to visit Taiwan Province, and held a press conference to announce that he would cooperate with Taiwan Democracy Foundation.**In October 2022, the World Movement for Democracy will hold a global conference in Taipei to support the "Taiwan independence" forces under the guise of so-called "democracy".

**ix.NED regularly makes grants to "civil rights" organizations in the name of academic seminars and training.**The details of NED's allocation to Tibet and Xinjiang in 2020 show that the Foundation provides funds to Tibet-independent and Xinjiang-independent organizations such as Tibet Youth Association and World Uyghur Congress, and holds seminars to provide forums for exiled Tibetans and Tibetan-independent elements in China; Organize the ability training of Uyghur youth and publicize the "Uyghur crisis" in the local community.

**x.NED has been funding political youth participation training in the Sudan region for years.**In 2020, the Regional Center for Civil Society Development and Training in Sudan (RCDCS) received the Democracy Award from NED. The organization has trained hundreds of youth throughout Sudan in the areas of "democracy" and radicalism.

Son çare duaya kalmış anavatanım,

Sen neye yararsın, sen neye yaşarsın ey Türk!

Compiled list of sources

CONGO

https://cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/violence-democratic-republic-congo

https://reporting.unhcr.org/operational/situations/democratic-republic-congo-situation

https://freetheslaves.net/our-work/where-we-work/dr_congo/

https://x.com/silvergrassleaf/status/1758832748649685247?s=20

https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/africa/east-africa-the-horn-and-great-lakes/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/report-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/

Congo Genocide Explained: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW. (youtube.com)

CONGRESS: Do Not Allow Our Tax Dollars To Fund Conflict In The Congo! - Action Network

Congo Campaigns - Friends of the Congo

AeonThespain on Tumblr: Congo Action 3

healafrica.org

SUDAN

https://eyesonsudan.net/ & https://eyesonsudan.net/reading

https://ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/countries/sudan

https://salesianmissions.org/salesian_country/sudan/

https://twitter.com/longlivemireia/status/1721105158736658897?s=46&t=03WDSopg10j_4l7ZJXSPZQ

https://twitter.com/hkzuk/status/1722122606453661940?s=46&t=03WDSopg10j_4l7ZJXSPZQ

from the river to the sea 🍉🕊 on Tumblr: sudanese-led causes to donate to!

NasAlSudan on X: "The War in Sudan - A Thread. (1/5) #KeepEyesOnSudan #SudanActionWeek https://t.co/4B7BGgaAUk" / X (twitter.com)

HAITI

https://theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/12/haiti-crisis-jovenel-moise-gangs-water-way-out

https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/abyss-despair-need-act-haiti-and-its-children-november-7-2023

https://aljazeera.com/where/haiti/

https://rescue.org/article/crisis-haiti-gang-violences-vice-grip-amidst-political-turmoil

https://nacla.org/guns-gangs-and-neocolonialism-hait

YEMEN

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LWER5czCh8xqWDe32f1XqU843t4dkwYNMyvm8OkYVNc/mobilebasic

https://launchgood.com/campaign/water_4_yemen_1#!/

https://thepetitionsite.com/1/endhungerinYemen/

https://linktr.ee/helpsaveyemen

https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/a-timeline-of-the-yemen-crisis-from-the-1990s-to-the-present/

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvP9M_2fl-eN5-GOOFSqKcCAmbD4sF0Ep

https://x.com/absolutelacunae/status/1760728489102332215?s=20

https://theworld.org/stories/2017-11-29/heres-how-you-can-send-help-people-trapped-worlds-worst-humanitarian-crisis

https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/02/1032811

A Timeline of the Yemen Crisis, from the 1990s to the Present (arabcenterdc.org)

TIGRAY

Ways to help Tigray: https://x.com/shimmeringolds/status/1719186653187613101?s=20

Resources: https://x.com/GLITCHDXCTORTTV/status/1759580042877599986?s=20

Ethiopia’s Invisible Ethnic Cleansing | Human Rights Watch (hrw.org)

Ethiopia’s New Year’s ledger: A controversial new port and domestic challenges | Brookings

Ethiopia in Troubled Waters | Council on Foreign Relations (cfr.org)

Ethiopia Humanitarian Crisis - Center for Disaster Philanthropy

Conflict in Ethiopia | Global Conflict Tracker (cfr.org)

X (twitter.com)

Free Tigray Movement

- (tigrayactioncommittee.com)

Tigray Genocide: Everything you need to know. (youtube.com)

United Tegaru Resource Carrd (stopthewarontigray.carrd.co)

Tigray needs YOUR help! | Linktree

WEST PAUPA

What's going on in Papua?: https://x.com/shimmeringolds/status/1761073053880942781?s=20

https://freewestpapua.org/Resources & info: https://x.com/folkoftheshelf/status/1746154482009018614?s=20

https://www.freewestpapua.org/documents/the-neglected-genocide-human-rights-abuses-against-papuans-in-the-central-highlands-1977-1978/ https://news.un.org/en/audio/2014/05/589082

https://newnaratif.com/explainer-whats-going-on-in-west-papua/

https://www.freewestpapua.org/take-action/

https://newnaratif.com/explainer-whats-going-on-in-west-papua/

sof’s library ✧˖°. 🥄 on X: "‘what’s happening in West Papua?’ — resources + info + how you can help: a thread https://t.co/4hWOTY6lFA" / X (twitter.com)

PUERTO RICO

𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐝𝐠𝐮𝐭𝐬 🫐🐾 on X: "since not enough people are talking about puerto rico heres a master 🧵 on information about the genocide going on, how the us is trying to make puerto rico an "american state", and how you can help !! https://t.co/NBJDIQiesi" / X (twitter.com)

‘Cultural Genocide’ in Puerto Rico Displaces Population, Destroys Heritage (sputnikglobe.com)

Puerto Rico | Genocide Studies Program (yale.edu)

Puerto Rico — 500 Years Of Oppression on JSTOR

Puerto Rico faces genocide – Workers World

2020 Plan Means Genocide for Puerto Rico! - Puerto Rican Cultural Center (prcc-chgo.org)

X (twitter.com)

X (twitter.com)

HAWAII

X (twitter.com)

Decolonizing genocide in Brazil: challenges to defending Indigenous collective life - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs

2023 Point in Time Counts – Hawai'i Health Data Warehouse (hhdw.org)

Tourism's Negative Impact on Native Hawaiians (tripod.com)

Hawaii Tourism: Opposite of a Paradise for Locals (irreview.org)

X (twitter.com)

YANOMAMI

Decolonizing genocide in Brazil: challenges to defending Indigenous collective life - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs

Yanomami (survivalinternational.org)

KASHMIR

Profile / X (twitter.com)

X (twitter.com)

Template for arms sales email - Google Docs

MYANMAR

Future Bleak for Rohingya in Bangladesh, Myanmar | Human Rights Watch (hrw.org)

Myanmar’s Troubled History: Coups, Military Rule, and Ethnic Conflict | Council on Foreign Relations (cfr.org)

BETTER BURMA

PAKISTAN

Pakistan dispatch: violent crackdown on peaceful Baloch protesters in Islamabad highlights ongoing injustices in Balochistan region - JURIST - News

EAST TURKISTAN

Camp Album Project – Art to Fight Xinjiang Abuse (camp-album.com)

IHH releases new report on East Turkestan | İHH Humanitarian Relief Foundation

Elderly Uyghurs die alone in jail, detained on trumped-up charges – The China Project

N 🖋️ on X: "A 🧵 about East Turkistan. What's going on and what can you do? From an Uyghur Girl: https://t.co/XPLS19T7fh" / X (twitter.com)

ARMENIA

Learn for Artsakh

RESOURCES_COMP.xlsx - Google Sheets

PLACES IVE MISSED

Cheaper & Deeper!! on Tumblr: People & countries mentioned in the thread: DR Congo - M23, Cobalt Darfur, Sudan - International Criminal Court, CNN, BBC...

a𓂆sa on Tumblr: IMPORTANT CRISES THAT ARE BEING IGNORED BY THE WORLD

China is carrying out a systematic campaign to ethnically cleanse up to 15 million Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang, or rather what was East Turkistan until China began occupying and colonizing the region in 1949.

Moreover, China is sparing no effort to eradicate any memory or proof of Uyghur Muslim life. It is truly the stuff of dystopian nightmares, or a reenactment of the worst genocides carried out in the previous century. The handful of personal accounts that trickle out from behind China’s total control of the Internet and the media invoke memories of the Communist state’s darkest days — the period of the “Cultural revolution,” when religious people and sites were wiped from the country’s landscape.

For much of the 1970s and 80s, however, an increasingly open China softened its stance towards its religious and ethnic minorities, but this relative “openness” provided the space for minorities to express their economic, political, and religious grievances. When Uyghur Muslims renewed calls for a return to their independence, a status they enjoyed briefly as a sovereign state in the 1940, then known as the East Turkistan Republic, and as former neighboring Soviet states realized independence, China, fearing a growing separatist movement on its western frontier, began its crackdown on Xinjiang in the late 1990s.

China’s crackdown turned increasingly vicious when the United States declared its “War on Terrorism” in 2001, with China seizing the opportunity to erroneously portray Uyghur Muslims as one-part of the global Islamic insurgency, going so far to tie Uyghur nationalist dreams with the goals of the terror group al-Qaeda. In doing so, China gambled that it could pretty much do whatever it pleased to Uyghur Muslims, so long as it could dupe Western states into believing it, too, was at war with “radical Islam.” It’s the exact same kind of manipulative ploy successfully deployed by Israel, insofar as the manner the Jewish state mischievously conflates the Palestinian liberation struggle with “Islamic terrorism,” so it’s not like China needed to reinvent the proverbial wheel.

What began as a crackdown, however, has morphed into arguably the world’s largest state sponsored campaign of ethnic cleansing.

China has banned any form of expression of Islam in East Turkistan, forcing Uyghur Muslims to publicly denounce their faith and swear allegiance to the Communist state. Recently I posted on Twitter a video of Chinese authorities informing a group of Uyghur Muslims that it is now illegal for them to greet one another with the Islamic greeting, “Assalamu Alaykum.”

Islamic texts are also banned, including the Quran, as are beards that appear “abnormal,” i.e. too Muslim-y. Last year, China published a document titled, “Naming Rules for Ethnic Minorities,” which prohibits names associated with Islam, including Medina, Islam, Imam, Medina, Hajj, and others.

“In setting limits on the naming of Uyghurs, the Chinese government is in fact engaging in political persecution under another guise,” Dilxat Raxit, spokesman for the exile World Uyghur Congress group, told Radio Free Asia. “They are afraid that people with such names will become alienated from Chinese policies in the region.”

These are just a sample of a new tranche of restrictive and discriminatory measures that have come into force for those living in the region. Uyghur Muslims are now required by the government to have tracking devices installed on their cars and mobile phones.

But baby names, beards, and tracking devices are the least of problems faced by Uyghur Muslims in the face of brutal Chinese oppression, however. Torture, imprisonment, state sanctioned murder and forced disappearances have become the new reality in the Xinjiang area.

According to reports from human rights watchers, China has ordered its officials in Xinjiang to send almost half of its population to “re-education camps,” otherwise known as forced labor and indoctrination camps, the kind long associated with North Korea.

“We target people who are religious…for example, those who grow beards despite being young,” one Chinese government officer admitted in a report.

When I spoke to Abdugheni Thabit, a Uyghur Muslim journalist who now resides in The Netherlands, he told me that up to 1 million of his people are now in what he calls “prison camps.” Steven Zhang, a Hui Muslim who now lives in Houston, Texas, and who is suing the Chinese government for the murder of his Uyghur Muslim wife, described Thabit’s figure as “very conservative,” claiming, “Within the last 5 years at least 5 million Uyghurs were detained or secretly disappeared.”

Forced disappearances have become a notable and alarming trend in the past year or two. According to Chinese Human Rights Defenders, Chinese security forces have forcibly disappeared at least 26 journalists, writers, bloggers, and human rights activists alone.

“Victims are often violently abducted, denied their right to due legal process and contact with loved ones or lawyers, and are at high risk of torture while in custody,” observes The Uyghur American Association.

All of which is happening out of the gaze of the international community, thanks largely to China’s control of the Internet and social media. Thabit told me he hadn’t heard from his Uyghur Muslim family in East Turkistan since 2009 as China controls all form of communication coming out of the area. All he knows is they were still alive in 2014, the year his sister, who lives in Washington DC, visited. Again, parallels to North Korea come to mind.

The situation in Xinjiang has “further deteriorated,” according to a statement issued by the US Congressional Executive Commission on China (CECC) earlier this month.

“Civilians are detained without cause, ‘political education’ camps proliferate, and a vast surveillance apparatus invades every aspect of daily life. These rights violations are deeply troubling and risk serving as a catalyst for radicalization,” said CECC chairman Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL).

Adding to the woes of Uygur Muslims is the absence of a friend anywhere in the international system. Traditional allies Turkey and Pakistan have been brought into China’s sphere of economic influence, and wealthy Gulf Arab states are too preoccupied with Iran, Qatar, or both.

If history is a guide, and should the existential woes of the Uyghur Muslims continue to fall on the disinterested ears of the international community, then one can be sure that where Chinese “re-education” and “assimilation” programs fail, mass extermination will likely follow.

China sits on forcefully occupying 45% of land, now demands Ladakh

Forty-Five percent of China is forcefully occupied. That is when we go with the official Chinese record. China forcefully occupied Xinjiang in 1949 and Tibet in 1950. As per the official Chinese document, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region has an area of 1.66 million square kilometers, which is 17.68% of China's total land area, i.e., 93,88,210 square kilometers, as per the World Bank Databank. ​ The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) has an area of 1.22 million square kilometers, i.e., 13% of China's total land area, making 31% of China's total land area. And 44.31% if we consider the Tibetan Government's claims in Exile in India or Central Tibetan Administration.

The Central Tibetan Administration claims historical Greater Tibet has a land area of 2.5 million square kilometers. The bulk of historical Tibet lies outside the Tibet Autonomous Region. China had already merged more than half of the Greater Tibet in other Chinese provinces before it announced the formation of TAR in 1965.

China also occupies two pieces of Indian territory. It includes Aksai Chin, a 38,000 square kilometer border area in Ladakh that China occupied in the 1962 India-China war while Pakistan ceded to China 5,180 square kilometers of occupied Indian territory in 1963 under the Sino-Pakistan boundary agreement.

Though 43,180 square kilometers of occupied Indian territories only makes for a slight increase, from 44.31% to 44.77%, it very well tells about the Chinese government's expansionist designs. China is currently involved in territorial disputes with over 20 countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Japan.

MAP OF TIBET, XINJIANG, AND INDIAN TERRITORIES SUPERIMPOSED ON CHINA

CALLS FOR INDEPENDENCE The native population of Xinjiang is Uyghur Muslims, while Tibetans are followers of Buddhism. They have always been fiercely patriotic throughout history, struggling to make their homeland free from the Chinese and Mongol dynasties earlier and the People's Republic of China now. Uyghur Muslims' government-in-exile is US-based, the East Turkistan Government in Exile. They call Xinjiang East Turkistan based on their Turkic origin. Uyghur Muslims had brief periods of independence twice during China's civil war with an independent Islamic Republic of East Turkistan. Uyghur activists celebrate independency day on November 12. Tibetan government-in-exile is located in India, and a democratically elected President heads it in Exile. Earlier, the Dalai Lama, a globally respected figure, Nobel Laureate, and the most important Tibetan monk, was Tibet's supreme spiritual and political authority. Still, he decided to hand over the political structure to a democratically elected system in 2011. Tibetans celebrate their Independence Day on February 13 and Tibet Uprising Day on March 10. Tibet was declared an independent nation on February 13, 1913. On March 10, 1959, Tibetans revolted against Chinese suppression. Tibetans suspected China planned to kidnap the Dalai Lama and start a new scale of violence and suppression. 300,000 Tibetans surrounded the Dalai Lama's palace, and he was evacuated to India. Violence broke out in the Tibetan capital Lhasa and other parts of Greater Tibet against the Chinese rule. In response, China destroyed the Dalai Lama's palace and thousands of Tibetan monasteries and killed tens of thousands of people to crush the uprising, according to different human rights reports. How does China occupy these two independent territories with different cultures and religions? XINJIANG Historically, the region was inhabited by tribal alliances and the small kingdom of Turkic origin people and was ruled by several dynasties. Around 60 BCE, it came under the control of the Han Dynasty of China. Local Uyghur leaders retook the area in the 3rd Century. Tang Dynasty of China tried to increase its influence in the region, but Arabs got a better head start. Islam arrived in the region in 8thcentury and soon became the main religion. Tribes in the region always opposed foreign rule, be it Mongol king Genghis Khan's victory in the 13th Century or China's Qing Dynasty assertion that created the Xinjiang Province in 1884. With China's prolonged civil war in the first half of the 20th Century, Uyghur Muslims declared impendence twice. The first was during 1933-34 when they claimed the Islamic Republic of East Turkistan. The Uyghur Republic fell soon after Soviet help to the Chinese government. The second independent Uyghur state existed from 1944 to 1949. TIBET China claims to rule Tibet historically, but Tibet has had an independent history since the 7th Century. China and Tibet signed a peace treaty in 822 AD. But 13th Century onwards, the peace-loving Buddhists in Tibet were ruled by foreigners, first by Mongols, then by Chinese. Mongols conquered Tibet in 1244. The next centuries saw prolonged wars between the Chinese and Mongol dynasties. In 1720, the Chinese emperor Kangxi defeated the Mongols finally after over two centuries of war. British East India set its foot in Tibet in 1774. The next centuries saw Britain and China trying to control the Tibetan territory. In 1913, Tibet declared independence and remained independent until 1949. With its internal problems like military revolt, the end of royal rule, and the Japanese invasion, China was not able to assert its control. But the communist rule in China saw otherwise. In 1949, Mao Zedong threatened Tibet, calling it a Chinese territory, and invaded it in 1950. In 1951, China established civil and military headquarter in the Tibetan capital Lhasa. HISTORICAL SOVEREIGNTY CLAIMS? From time to time, different dynasties ruling China tried to colonize independent Xinjiang and Tibet territories in their expansionist mode. In fact, ancient, medieval, and recent history is replete with examples from across the world, like India being colonized by Britain and China by Japan in the recent past. But after two world wars in the 20th Century, world history saw an overturn, with an end of the colonial superpowers and a beginning of the independent free nations from the grip of colonial suppression, like India got its independence from the British rule and China seized it from the Japanese expansionism in the Chinese territory. But while that may be the global norm now, some of the countries are still living in that colonial past, and China is its prime example. The Chinese Communist Party that ruled China since 1949 occupied Xinjiang and Tibet seven decades ago and is still having expansionist designs to occupy independent nations like Nepal and Bhutan and Indian territories Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim, something that the People's Republic of China founder Mao Zedong referred to as the five fingers of Tibet. When Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait in August 1990, we saw a huge military operation sanctioned by the United Nations and led by the US, the 'Operation Desert Storm,' to free Kuwait. Kuwait was liberated in February 1991. But the major powers of the world and the United Nations have avoided taking any stand when it comes to the Chinese occupation and atrocities in Xinjiang and Tibet. To suppress the struggles of ethnic minorities, China has cultivated a policy of mass genocide in Xinjiang and Tibet, both at demographical and cultural levels. The country has forced measures like coercive birth prevention, has banned religious practices, has mass interned the ethnic minority population, and, at the same time, has mass-migrated the Han Chinese population from other parts of mainland China to Xinjiang and Tibet. The Indian sub-continent is currently under an all-out war from China. The people of the Indian Subcontinent need to unite against this threat from China to remain free from this threat of enslavement and East-India style divide and rule being practiced by China. Modified from source: Yahoo News

Paganism but to Christianity

And so stood the Turks, on adopting his faith, at the date I am speaking of; they stood between Christ in the West, and Satan in the East, and they had to make their choice; and, alas! they were led by the circumstances of the time to oppose themselves, not to Paganism, but to Christianity. A happier lot indeed had befallen poor Sultan Mahmood, than befell his kindred who followed in his wake. Mahmood, a Mahomedan, went eastward and found a superstition worse than his own, and fought against it, and smote it; and the sandal doors which he tore away from the idol temple and hung up at his tomb at Gazneh, almost seemed to plead for him through centuries as the soldier and the instrument of heaven.

The tribes which followed him, Moslem also, faced westward, and found, not error but truth, and fought against it as zealously, and in doing so, were simply tools of the Evil one, and preachers of a lie, and enemies, not witnesses of God. The one destroyed idol temples, the other Christian shrines. The one has been saved the woe of persecuting the Bride of the Lamb; the other is of all races the veriest brood of the serpent which the Church has encountered since she was set up. For 800 years did the sandal gates remain at Mahmood’s tomb; and for 800 years have Sel- juk and Othman been our foe, singled out as such and denounced by successive Vicars of Christ.

The year 1048 of our era is fixed by chronologists as the date of the rise of the Turkish power, as far as Christendom is interested in its history. Sixty- three years before this date, a Turk of high rank, of the name of Seljuk, had quarrelled with his native prince in Turkistan, crossed the Jaxartes with his followers, and made himself free of the territory of Sogdiana. His father had been a chief officer in the prince’s court, and was the first of his family to embrace Islamism; but Seljuk, in spite of his creed, did not obtain permission to advance, from the Saracenic government, which at that time was in possession of the country. After several successful encounters, however, he gained admission into the city of Bokhara, and there he settled.

As time went on, he fully recompensed the tardy hospitality which the Saracens had shown him; for his feud with his own countrymen, whom he had left, took the shape of a religious animosity, and he fought against them as pagans and infidels, with a zeal, which was both an earnest of the devotion of his people to the faith of Mahomet, and a training for the exercise of it. He died, it is said in battle against the pagans, and at the wonderful age of 107. Of his five sons, whom he left behind him, one, Michael, was cut off prematurely in battle against the infidels also, and has obtained the name of Shadid, or the Martyr; for in a religion where the soldier is the missionary, the soldier is the martyr also. The other sons became rich and powerful; they had numerous flocks and fertile pastures in Sogdiana, till at length they attracted the notice of the Sultan Mahmood, who, having dispossessed the Saracens from the country where Seljuk had placed himself, looked about for mercenary troops to keep his possession of it.

Michael the Martyr’s son

It was one of Seljuk’s family, who at a later date alarmed Mahmood by telling him he could bring 200,000 horsemen from the Scythian wilderness, if he sent round his bow to summon them; it was Seljuk’s horde and retainers that ultimately forced back Mahmood s son into the south and the east, and got possession of Sogdiana and Khorasan. Having secured this acquisition, they next advanced into Persia, and this was the event, which is considered to fix the date of their entrance into ecclesiastical history. It was the date of their first steadily looking westward; it determined their destiny; they began to be enemies of the Cross in the year 1048, under the leading of Michael the Martyr’s son, Togrul Beg.

It is the inconvenience of any mere sketch of historical transactions, that a multiplicity of objects successively pass over the field of view, not less in-dependent in themselves, though not less connected in their framework, than the pictures of a magic lantern broad beans. I am aware of the weariness and the perplexity which are in consequence inflicted on the attention and the memory of the hearer; but what can I do but ask your indulgence for a circumstance which is inherent in any undertaking like the present ? I have in the course of an hour to deal with a series of exploits and fortunes, which begin in the wilds of Turkistan, and conclude upon the Bosphorus; in which, as I may say, time is no measure of events, one while from the obscurity in which they lie, at another from their multitude and consequent confusion.

For four centuries the Turks are little or hardly heard of; then suddenly in the course of as many tens of years, and under three Sultans, they make the whole world resound with their deeds; and, while they have pushed to the East through Hindostan, in the West they have hurried down to the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Archipelago, have taken Jerusalem and threatened Constantinople. In their long period of silence they had been sowing the seeds of future conquests; in their short period of action they were gathering the fruit of past labours and sufferings.

Paganism but to Christianity

And so stood the Turks, on adopting his faith, at the date I am speaking of; they stood between Christ in the West, and Satan in the East, and they had to make their choice; and, alas! they were led by the circumstances of the time to oppose themselves, not to Paganism, but to Christianity. A happier lot indeed had befallen poor Sultan Mahmood, than befell his kindred who followed in his wake. Mahmood, a Mahomedan, went eastward and found a superstition worse than his own, and fought against it, and smote it; and the sandal doors which he tore away from the idol temple and hung up at his tomb at Gazneh, almost seemed to plead for him through centuries as the soldier and the instrument of heaven.

The tribes which followed him, Moslem also, faced westward, and found, not error but truth, and fought against it as zealously, and in doing so, were simply tools of the Evil one, and preachers of a lie, and enemies, not witnesses of God. The one destroyed idol temples, the other Christian shrines. The one has been saved the woe of persecuting the Bride of the Lamb; the other is of all races the veriest brood of the serpent which the Church has encountered since she was set up. For 800 years did the sandal gates remain at Mahmood’s tomb; and for 800 years have Sel- juk and Othman been our foe, singled out as such and denounced by successive Vicars of Christ.

The year 1048 of our era is fixed by chronologists as the date of the rise of the Turkish power, as far as Christendom is interested in its history. Sixty- three years before this date, a Turk of high rank, of the name of Seljuk, had quarrelled with his native prince in Turkistan, crossed the Jaxartes with his followers, and made himself free of the territory of Sogdiana. His father had been a chief officer in the prince’s court, and was the first of his family to embrace Islamism; but Seljuk, in spite of his creed, did not obtain permission to advance, from the Saracenic government, which at that time was in possession of the country. After several successful encounters, however, he gained admission into the city of Bokhara, and there he settled.

As time went on, he fully recompensed the tardy hospitality which the Saracens had shown him; for his feud with his own countrymen, whom he had left, took the shape of a religious animosity, and he fought against them as pagans and infidels, with a zeal, which was both an earnest of the devotion of his people to the faith of Mahomet, and a training for the exercise of it. He died, it is said in battle against the pagans, and at the wonderful age of 107. Of his five sons, whom he left behind him, one, Michael, was cut off prematurely in battle against the infidels also, and has obtained the name of Shadid, or the Martyr; for in a religion where the soldier is the missionary, the soldier is the martyr also. The other sons became rich and powerful; they had numerous flocks and fertile pastures in Sogdiana, till at length they attracted the notice of the Sultan Mahmood, who, having dispossessed the Saracens from the country where Seljuk had placed himself, looked about for mercenary troops to keep his possession of it.

Michael the Martyr’s son

It was one of Seljuk’s family, who at a later date alarmed Mahmood by telling him he could bring 200,000 horsemen from the Scythian wilderness, if he sent round his bow to summon them; it was Seljuk’s horde and retainers that ultimately forced back Mahmood s son into the south and the east, and got possession of Sogdiana and Khorasan. Having secured this acquisition, they next advanced into Persia, and this was the event, which is considered to fix the date of their entrance into ecclesiastical history. It was the date of their first steadily looking westward; it determined their destiny; they began to be enemies of the Cross in the year 1048, under the leading of Michael the Martyr’s son, Togrul Beg.

It is the inconvenience of any mere sketch of historical transactions, that a multiplicity of objects successively pass over the field of view, not less in-dependent in themselves, though not less connected in their framework, than the pictures of a magic lantern broad beans. I am aware of the weariness and the perplexity which are in consequence inflicted on the attention and the memory of the hearer; but what can I do but ask your indulgence for a circumstance which is inherent in any undertaking like the present ? I have in the course of an hour to deal with a series of exploits and fortunes, which begin in the wilds of Turkistan, and conclude upon the Bosphorus; in which, as I may say, time is no measure of events, one while from the obscurity in which they lie, at another from their multitude and consequent confusion.

For four centuries the Turks are little or hardly heard of; then suddenly in the course of as many tens of years, and under three Sultans, they make the whole world resound with their deeds; and, while they have pushed to the East through Hindostan, in the West they have hurried down to the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Archipelago, have taken Jerusalem and threatened Constantinople. In their long period of silence they had been sowing the seeds of future conquests; in their short period of action they were gathering the fruit of past labours and sufferings.

Paganism but to Christianity

And so stood the Turks, on adopting his faith, at the date I am speaking of; they stood between Christ in the West, and Satan in the East, and they had to make their choice; and, alas! they were led by the circumstances of the time to oppose themselves, not to Paganism, but to Christianity. A happier lot indeed had befallen poor Sultan Mahmood, than befell his kindred who followed in his wake. Mahmood, a Mahomedan, went eastward and found a superstition worse than his own, and fought against it, and smote it; and the sandal doors which he tore away from the idol temple and hung up at his tomb at Gazneh, almost seemed to plead for him through centuries as the soldier and the instrument of heaven.

The tribes which followed him, Moslem also, faced westward, and found, not error but truth, and fought against it as zealously, and in doing so, were simply tools of the Evil one, and preachers of a lie, and enemies, not witnesses of God. The one destroyed idol temples, the other Christian shrines. The one has been saved the woe of persecuting the Bride of the Lamb; the other is of all races the veriest brood of the serpent which the Church has encountered since she was set up. For 800 years did the sandal gates remain at Mahmood’s tomb; and for 800 years have Sel- juk and Othman been our foe, singled out as such and denounced by successive Vicars of Christ.

The year 1048 of our era is fixed by chronologists as the date of the rise of the Turkish power, as far as Christendom is interested in its history. Sixty- three years before this date, a Turk of high rank, of the name of Seljuk, had quarrelled with his native prince in Turkistan, crossed the Jaxartes with his followers, and made himself free of the territory of Sogdiana. His father had been a chief officer in the prince’s court, and was the first of his family to embrace Islamism; but Seljuk, in spite of his creed, did not obtain permission to advance, from the Saracenic government, which at that time was in possession of the country. After several successful encounters, however, he gained admission into the city of Bokhara, and there he settled.

As time went on, he fully recompensed the tardy hospitality which the Saracens had shown him; for his feud with his own countrymen, whom he had left, took the shape of a religious animosity, and he fought against them as pagans and infidels, with a zeal, which was both an earnest of the devotion of his people to the faith of Mahomet, and a training for the exercise of it. He died, it is said in battle against the pagans, and at the wonderful age of 107. Of his five sons, whom he left behind him, one, Michael, was cut off prematurely in battle against the infidels also, and has obtained the name of Shadid, or the Martyr; for in a religion where the soldier is the missionary, the soldier is the martyr also. The other sons became rich and powerful; they had numerous flocks and fertile pastures in Sogdiana, till at length they attracted the notice of the Sultan Mahmood, who, having dispossessed the Saracens from the country where Seljuk had placed himself, looked about for mercenary troops to keep his possession of it.

Michael the Martyr’s son

It was one of Seljuk’s family, who at a later date alarmed Mahmood by telling him he could bring 200,000 horsemen from the Scythian wilderness, if he sent round his bow to summon them; it was Seljuk’s horde and retainers that ultimately forced back Mahmood s son into the south and the east, and got possession of Sogdiana and Khorasan. Having secured this acquisition, they next advanced into Persia, and this was the event, which is considered to fix the date of their entrance into ecclesiastical history. It was the date of their first steadily looking westward; it determined their destiny; they began to be enemies of the Cross in the year 1048, under the leading of Michael the Martyr’s son, Togrul Beg.

It is the inconvenience of any mere sketch of historical transactions, that a multiplicity of objects successively pass over the field of view, not less in-dependent in themselves, though not less connected in their framework, than the pictures of a magic lantern broad beans. I am aware of the weariness and the perplexity which are in consequence inflicted on the attention and the memory of the hearer; but what can I do but ask your indulgence for a circumstance which is inherent in any undertaking like the present ? I have in the course of an hour to deal with a series of exploits and fortunes, which begin in the wilds of Turkistan, and conclude upon the Bosphorus; in which, as I may say, time is no measure of events, one while from the obscurity in which they lie, at another from their multitude and consequent confusion.

For four centuries the Turks are little or hardly heard of; then suddenly in the course of as many tens of years, and under three Sultans, they make the whole world resound with their deeds; and, while they have pushed to the East through Hindostan, in the West they have hurried down to the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Archipelago, have taken Jerusalem and threatened Constantinople. In their long period of silence they had been sowing the seeds of future conquests; in their short period of action they were gathering the fruit of past labours and sufferings.