#Eudoxus
Text
The Vallis Alpes (left), Eudoxus crater (right), and Aristoteles crater (upper right) // Wilco Kasteleijn
Aristoteles crater is named after the famed Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). Among his many accomplishments*, he proposed the idea that the planets revolve around the Earth embedded in perfect crystal spheres.
Eudoxus crater is named after the Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus (c. 390 - 340 BC). Building upon Aristotle's perfect circular orbits, Eudoxus explained the apparent retrograde (i.e., backwards) motion of some planets in the sky by adding additional spheres to each planet's orbit. This was a first step in the right direction.
Vallis Alpes is Latin for "Alpine Valley", since it bisects the Montes Alpes range. This valley extends about 100 miles and is about 6 miles across at its widest point.
#astronomy#astrophotography#solar system#moon#the moon#luna#lunar surface#crater#lunar crater#aristoteles#eudoxus#aristotle#vallis alpes#history
40 notes
·
View notes
Text
[Eudoxus, Hipparchus, Archimedes.]
#s29e11 from sandwiches to stroganoff#guy fieri#guyfieri#diners drive-ins and dives#eudoxus#hipparchus#archimedes
4 notes
·
View notes
Text
youtube
Mutation - Eudoxus
0 notes
Text
"Too many pis", Part 1
{Plain text:
We all learn formulae like "Area of circle = pi r^2" at school. But how much do we actually think about why these things are true, or who discovered them? [Hoofy inspecting formula with magnifying glass] And what business does pi have popping up everywhere? Look at all these formulae. [Circles, spheres etc]. Why is it the same number in all of them?! [One of the pi symbols hides a Pinkie. Soarin is drooling over all the pi]
In fact, it's not at all clear that these numbers are at all related. There was a good hundred year period where we simply didn't know that there was any relationship. One of the very earliest of the great Greek mathematicians, Eudoxus of Cnidus, proved that there are some numbers that make these formulae work. But he had no clue what exactly they were. These proofs come down to us through Book V of Euclid's Elements [Hoofy: Euclid? That name seems familiar...] But even Euclid gives no relations between the numbers.
Imagine if we never found out, and we had to remember a different symbol for every single equation!?
To meet the hero who rescued us from this fate, come back for Part 2! [Brae: you're doing a cliffhanger... in a maths talk?!]
}
43 notes
·
View notes
Text
"Eudoxus of Cnidus was an ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, doctor, and lawmaker. He was a student of Archytas and Plato."
NO EUDOXUS IS WHERE WE GET THE TEXTBOOKS >:(
3 notes
·
View notes
Text
James Hall Nasmyth (Scottish, 1808-1890) - Aristotle and Eudoxus (Moon Studies) (1842)
16 notes
·
View notes
Text
Sayings of Myson
We know very little about Myson of Chenae (6th century BC), for though he was reported to have been the son of a tyrant, he lived the life of a common farmer. It is unclear if his home town was in Laconia, Crete, or near Mount Oeta.
Plato, at least, thought Myson a better fit than Periander as one of the Seven Sages, and Eudoxus includes him on the list instead of Cleobolus.
Though I am sure there must be some out there, I have over the years never been able to find a single image of Myson, from any period. Perhaps the very idea of a noble character from a humble background was the very reason that Plato preferred him?
We are quick to honor mighty kings, clever scholars, or eloquent poets, but we too easily forget the true source of human greatness, the inner qualities of the soul, which never require a grand setting.
When Anacharsis, another of the candidates for the Seven Sages, asked the Oracle at Delphi if anyone was wiser than himself, the priestess gave him a very clear reply:
Myson of Chen in Oeta; this is he
Who for wiseheartedness surpasseth thee.
Just as Socrates later wished to discover what the Oracle meant about him, so Anacharsis figured he should seek out this Myson, and found him working on his plow. As this was in the middle of summer, Anacharsis was confused, and said to Myson:
Myson, this is not the season for plowing!
To which Myson replied:
Yes, but it is the season to repair it.
It just goes to show how the preparedness of a farmer can outwit the perceptions of a philosopher.
It is said that Myson, like so many men of keen insight, had a streak of misanthropy to him, for he he knew the wickedness that could so easily arise among crowds. Myson was once observed laughing to himself, and when asked why he was doing so while standing completely alone, he explained:
That is precisely the reason.
There is only one other saying regularly attributed him, but it's a good one:
We should not investigate facts by the light of arguments, but arguments by the light of facts; for the facts were not put together to fit the arguments, but the arguments to fit the facts.
One can only wish that far more "thinkers" understood why the conclusions should never come before the premises. It would save us so much unnecessary grief.
3 notes
·
View notes
Text
Holidays 4.9
Holidays
Air Force Day (Indonesia)
All Over Again Day
A-ma Festival (a.k.a. Matsu; Pagan Macau) [Fishers, Sailors]
Anniversary of the German Invasion of Denmark (Denmark)
Appomattox Day
Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor; Philippines)
Astronauts' Day
Baghdad Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Bataan Day (Araw ng Kagitingan a.k.a. Day of Valour; Philippines)
CSS Naked Day
Day of the Finnish Language (Finland)
Day of National Unity (Georgia)
Dry Milk Day
Easter Rising Anniversary Day (Ireland)
Free Cone Day
Hive Day (French Republic)
International Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Day
International Songwriters Day
International Twitter Men’s Day
Jenkins' Ear Day
Jumbo Day
Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Listening Day
Maha Thingyan (Water Festival; Myanmar)
Maia Asteroid Day
Martyr’s Day (Tunisia)
Mikael Agricola (Finland)
Name Yourself Day
National Bodhi Day
National Cherish An Antique Day
National Chicken Little Awareness Day
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day
National Health Day (Kiribati)
National Library Workers Day
National Mature Women’s Day
National Nuclear Technology Day (Iran)
National Unicorn Day
Observational of Nazi Occupation (Denmark)
Play True Day
Polling Day (Samoa)
Riot Grrl Day (Boston, Massachusetts)
Royal Thai Air Force Day (Thailand)
Seersucker Day
Sourdough Sam Day (San Francisco 49ers)
Special Forces Day
3-D Movie Day
Vimy Ridge Day (Canada)
Winston Churchill Day
World IoT Day
World Konkani Day (Goa)
Youth Homelessness Matters Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Black Beans and Rice Day
National Chinese Almond Cookie Day
National Gin & Tonic Day
National Pancit Day
National Pimento Cheese Day
2nd Tuesday in April
Be Kind to Lawyers Day [2nd Tuesday]
Identity Management Day [2nd Tuesday]
Independence & Related Days
Dita e Kushtetutes (Constitution Day; Kosovo)
Georgia (a.k.a. Independence Restoration Day; from USSR, 1991)
Mëcklewmburg-Wladir (Declared; 2021) [unrecognized]
New Year’s Days
Hindu New Year (Indonesia)
Ougadi (Mauritius)
Telugu New Year (Puducherry, Tamil Nadu; India)
Ugadi (a.k.a. Yugadi or Samvatsarādi (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa; India)
Festivals Beginning April 9, 2024
Brussels International Fantasy, Fantastic, Thriller and Science Fiction Film Festival (Brussels, Belgium) [thru 4.21]
Edinburgh Science Festival (Edinburgh, Scotland) [thru 4.24]
Food Northwest (Portland, Oregon) [thru 4.10]
Ice Cream Technology Conference (Clearwater, Florida) [thru 4.10]
Yogurt & Cultured Innovation Conference (Clearwater, Florida) [thru 4.10]
Feast Days
Amazon Goddess Day (Everyday Wicca)
Cereal Festival begins (Ancient Rome)
Charles Baudelaire (Writerism)
Charles E. Burchfield (Artology)
Cook Couscous Day (Pastafarian)
Day of the Amazon (Pagan)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Anglicanism, Lutheranism)
Dotto, Abbot of Orkney (Christian; Saint)
Eudoxus (Positivist; Saint)
Eupsychius (Christian; Saint)
Feast of A-Ma (Ancient Portuguese Goddess of Fisherman)
Feast of Jalal (Glory; Baha’i)
Feast of the Second Day of the Writing of the Book of the Law (Thelema)
Gaucherius (a.k.a. Gautier; Christian; Saint)
Hocktide (Ancient Saxons)
Hugh of Rouen (Christian; Saint)
Madrun (Celtic Book of Days)
Materiana (Christian; Saint)
Mary of Egypt (a.k.a. Mary of Cleophas; Christian; Saint)
Remembrance for Haakon Sigurdsson (Asatru/Norse/The Troth)
Tommy Georgiarides Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)
Uramar (Christian; Saint)
Verruca Day (Goblins Again; Shamanism)
Victor Vasarely (Artology)
Waltrude (Christian; Saint)
The Woodsman (Muppetism)
Yasurai Matsuri (Festival to Prevent Ill Health; Japan; Shinto)
Islamic Moveable Calendar Holidays
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan; Islam; 30 Ramadan) (a.k.a. …
Eid al Fitr Holiday (Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen)
End of Ramadan Holiday (Egypt)
Ide el Fitr (Comoros)
id el Fitri (Nigeria)
Korité (Mali)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Nēmontēmi, Day 5 (of 5) [Aztec unlucky or fasting days, taking place between 4.5-4.18]
Taian (大安 Japan) [Lucky all day.]
Tycho Brahe Unlucky Day (Scandinavia) [15 of 37]
Premieres
All the President’s Men (Film; 1976)
Au Clair de la Lune, recorded by inventor Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville (Song; 1860) [1st known recording of human voice]
Batman: Strange Days (WB Animated Film; 2014)
The Big Clock (Film; 1948)
Bodies, Rest & Motion (Film; 1993)
The Bored Cuckoo (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1948)
Date Night (Film; 2010)
The Day Lincoln Was Shot, by Jim Bishop (Book; 1955)
Ella Enchanted (Film; 2004)
Family Plot (Film; 1976)
Far Beyond Driven, by Pantera (Album; 1994)
Field and Scream (MGM Cartoon; 1955)
Fosse/Verdon (TV Mini-Series; 2019)
The Girl Next Door (Film; 2004)
Go (Film; 1999)
Happiness Is A Warm Puppy, by Charles M. Schulz (Cartoon Book; 1963)
How Do You Live?, by Genzaburo Yoshino (Novel; 1937)
Nashville Skyline, by Bob Dylan (Album; 1969)
Never Been Kissed (Film; 1999)
Nights in the Garden of Spain, by Manuel de Falla (Orchestral Work; 1916)
Parks and Recreation (TV Series; 2009)
Patriotic Pooches (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1943)
Reckoning, by R.E.M. (Album; 1984)
The Sandlot (Film; 1993)
Scarface (Film; 1932)
Single & Single, by John le Carré (Novel; 1999)
Time (West End Musical; 1986)
Voltaire in Love, by Nancy Mitford (Novel; 1958)
Today’s Name Days
Casilda, Waltraud (Austria)
Bozhan, Bozhana, Violeta, Vurban, Vurbana, Yasen, Yasna, Yavor, Zdravka, Zdravko (Bulgaria)
Celestina, Demetrije, Marija, Zdenko (Croatia)
Dušan (Czech Republic)
Otto, Procopius (Denmark)
Iiris, Kaira, Kaire, Kairi (Estonia)
Eeli, Eelis, Elia, Elias, Eliel, Eljas (Finland)
Gautier (France)
Casilda, Hugo, Waltraud (Germany)
Iosif, Sifis, Vaia, Vaios (Greece)
Erhard (Hungary)
Demetrio (Italy)
Valērija, Valtrauta, Varpa, Zubite (Latvia)
Aurimas, Dalia, Kleopas, Rasa (Lithuania)
Rannveig, Rønnaug (Norway)
Dobrosława, Dymitr, Maja, Marceli, Matron (Poland)
Eupsihie (Romania)
Milena (Slovakia)
Casilda, Demetrio (Spain)
Ottilia, Otto (Sweden)
Cortney, Courtney, Kortney, Kourtney (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 100 of 2024; 266 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 2 of week 15 of 2024
Celtic Tree Calendar: Fearn (Alder) [Day 24 of 28]
Chinese: Month 3 (Wu-Chen), Day 1 (Guy-Mao)
Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]
Hebrew: 1 Nisan 5784
Islamic: 30 Ramadan 1445
J Cal: 10 Cyan; Threesday [10 of 30]
Julian: 27 March 2024
Moon: 1%: Waxing Crescent
Positivist: 16 Archimedes (4th Month) [Pytheas]
Runic Half Month: Ehwaz (Horse) [Day 14 of 15]
Season: Spring (Day 22 of 92)
Week: 2nd Week of April
Zodiac: Aries (Day 20 of 31)
Calendar Changes
Nīsān (a.k.a. Abib) [נִיסָן] (Hebrew Calendar) [Month 1 of 12]
桃月 [Táoyuè] (Chinese Lunisolar Calendar) [Month 3 of 12] (Peach Month) [Earthly Branch: Dragon Month] (Sānyuè; Third Month)
0 notes
Text
Holidays 4.9
Holidays
Air Force Day (Indonesia)
All Over Again Day
A-ma Festival (a.k.a. Matsu; Pagan Macau) [Fishers, Sailors]
Anniversary of the German Invasion of Denmark (Denmark)
Appomattox Day
Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor; Philippines)
Astronauts' Day
Baghdad Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Bataan Day (Araw ng Kagitingan a.k.a. Day of Valour; Philippines)
CSS Naked Day
Day of the Finnish Language (Finland)
Day of National Unity (Georgia)
Dry Milk Day
Easter Rising Anniversary Day (Ireland)
Free Cone Day
Hive Day (French Republic)
International Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) Day
International Songwriters Day
International Twitter Men’s Day
Jenkins' Ear Day
Jumbo Day
Liberation Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
Listening Day
Maha Thingyan (Water Festival; Myanmar)
Maia Asteroid Day
Martyr’s Day (Tunisia)
Mikael Agricola (Finland)
Name Yourself Day
National Bodhi Day
National Cherish An Antique Day
National Chicken Little Awareness Day
National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day
National Health Day (Kiribati)
National Library Workers Day
National Mature Women’s Day
National Nuclear Technology Day (Iran)
National Unicorn Day
Observational of Nazi Occupation (Denmark)
Play True Day
Polling Day (Samoa)
Riot Grrl Day (Boston, Massachusetts)
Royal Thai Air Force Day (Thailand)
Seersucker Day
Sourdough Sam Day (San Francisco 49ers)
Special Forces Day
3-D Movie Day
Vimy Ridge Day (Canada)
Winston Churchill Day
World IoT Day
World Konkani Day (Goa)
Youth Homelessness Matters Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Black Beans and Rice Day
National Chinese Almond Cookie Day
National Gin & Tonic Day
National Pancit Day
National Pimento Cheese Day
2nd Tuesday in April
Be Kind to Lawyers Day [2nd Tuesday]
Identity Management Day [2nd Tuesday]
Independence & Related Days
Dita e Kushtetutes (Constitution Day; Kosovo)
Georgia (a.k.a. Independence Restoration Day; from USSR, 1991)
Mëcklewmburg-Wladir (Declared; 2021) [unrecognized]
New Year’s Days
Hindu New Year (Indonesia)
Ougadi (Mauritius)
Telugu New Year (Puducherry, Tamil Nadu; India)
Ugadi (a.k.a. Yugadi or Samvatsarādi (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Goa; India)
Festivals Beginning April 9, 2024
Brussels International Fantasy, Fantastic, Thriller and Science Fiction Film Festival (Brussels, Belgium) [thru 4.21]
Edinburgh Science Festival (Edinburgh, Scotland) [thru 4.24]
Food Northwest (Portland, Oregon) [thru 4.10]
Ice Cream Technology Conference (Clearwater, Florida) [thru 4.10]
Yogurt & Cultured Innovation Conference (Clearwater, Florida) [thru 4.10]
Feast Days
Amazon Goddess Day (Everyday Wicca)
Cereal Festival begins (Ancient Rome)
Charles Baudelaire (Writerism)
Charles E. Burchfield (Artology)
Cook Couscous Day (Pastafarian)
Day of the Amazon (Pagan)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Anglicanism, Lutheranism)
Dotto, Abbot of Orkney (Christian; Saint)
Eudoxus (Positivist; Saint)
Eupsychius (Christian; Saint)
Feast of A-Ma (Ancient Portuguese Goddess of Fisherman)
Feast of Jalal (Glory; Baha’i)
Feast of the Second Day of the Writing of the Book of the Law (Thelema)
Gaucherius (a.k.a. Gautier; Christian; Saint)
Hocktide (Ancient Saxons)
Hugh of Rouen (Christian; Saint)
Madrun (Celtic Book of Days)
Materiana (Christian; Saint)
Mary of Egypt (a.k.a. Mary of Cleophas; Christian; Saint)
Remembrance for Haakon Sigurdsson (Asatru/Norse/The Troth)
Tommy Georgiarides Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)
Uramar (Christian; Saint)
Verruca Day (Goblins Again; Shamanism)
Victor Vasarely (Artology)
Waltrude (Christian; Saint)
The Woodsman (Muppetism)
Yasurai Matsuri (Festival to Prevent Ill Health; Japan; Shinto)
Islamic Moveable Calendar Holidays
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan; Islam; 30 Ramadan) (a.k.a. …
Eid al Fitr Holiday (Jordan, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen)
End of Ramadan Holiday (Egypt)
Ide el Fitr (Comoros)
id el Fitri (Nigeria)
Korité (Mali)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Nēmontēmi, Day 5 (of 5) [Aztec unlucky or fasting days, taking place between 4.5-4.18]
Taian (大安 Japan) [Lucky all day.]
Tycho Brahe Unlucky Day (Scandinavia) [15 of 37]
Premieres
All the President’s Men (Film; 1976)
Au Clair de la Lune, recorded by inventor Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville (Song; 1860) [1st known recording of human voice]
Batman: Strange Days (WB Animated Film; 2014)
The Big Clock (Film; 1948)
Bodies, Rest & Motion (Film; 1993)
The Bored Cuckoo (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1948)
Date Night (Film; 2010)
The Day Lincoln Was Shot, by Jim Bishop (Book; 1955)
Ella Enchanted (Film; 2004)
Family Plot (Film; 1976)
Far Beyond Driven, by Pantera (Album; 1994)
Field and Scream (MGM Cartoon; 1955)
Fosse/Verdon (TV Mini-Series; 2019)
The Girl Next Door (Film; 2004)
Go (Film; 1999)
Happiness Is A Warm Puppy, by Charles M. Schulz (Cartoon Book; 1963)
How Do You Live?, by Genzaburo Yoshino (Novel; 1937)
Nashville Skyline, by Bob Dylan (Album; 1969)
Never Been Kissed (Film; 1999)
Nights in the Garden of Spain, by Manuel de Falla (Orchestral Work; 1916)
Parks and Recreation (TV Series; 2009)
Patriotic Pooches (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1943)
Reckoning, by R.E.M. (Album; 1984)
The Sandlot (Film; 1993)
Scarface (Film; 1932)
Single & Single, by John le Carré (Novel; 1999)
Time (West End Musical; 1986)
Voltaire in Love, by Nancy Mitford (Novel; 1958)
Today’s Name Days
Casilda, Waltraud (Austria)
Bozhan, Bozhana, Violeta, Vurban, Vurbana, Yasen, Yasna, Yavor, Zdravka, Zdravko (Bulgaria)
Celestina, Demetrije, Marija, Zdenko (Croatia)
Dušan (Czech Republic)
Otto, Procopius (Denmark)
Iiris, Kaira, Kaire, Kairi (Estonia)
Eeli, Eelis, Elia, Elias, Eliel, Eljas (Finland)
Gautier (France)
Casilda, Hugo, Waltraud (Germany)
Iosif, Sifis, Vaia, Vaios (Greece)
Erhard (Hungary)
Demetrio (Italy)
Valērija, Valtrauta, Varpa, Zubite (Latvia)
Aurimas, Dalia, Kleopas, Rasa (Lithuania)
Rannveig, Rønnaug (Norway)
Dobrosława, Dymitr, Maja, Marceli, Matron (Poland)
Eupsihie (Romania)
Milena (Slovakia)
Casilda, Demetrio (Spain)
Ottilia, Otto (Sweden)
Cortney, Courtney, Kortney, Kourtney (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 100 of 2024; 266 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 2 of week 15 of 2024
Celtic Tree Calendar: Fearn (Alder) [Day 24 of 28]
Chinese: Month 3 (Wu-Chen), Day 1 (Guy-Mao)
Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]
Hebrew: 1 Nisan 5784
Islamic: 30 Ramadan 1445
J Cal: 10 Cyan; Threesday [10 of 30]
Julian: 27 March 2024
Moon: 1%: Waxing Crescent
Positivist: 16 Archimedes (4th Month) [Pytheas]
Runic Half Month: Ehwaz (Horse) [Day 14 of 15]
Season: Spring (Day 22 of 92)
Week: 2nd Week of April
Zodiac: Aries (Day 20 of 31)
Calendar Changes
Nīsān (a.k.a. Abib) [נִיסָן] (Hebrew Calendar) [Month 1 of 12]
桃月 [Táoyuè] (Chinese Lunisolar Calendar) [Month 3 of 12] (Peach Month) [Earthly Branch: Dragon Month] (Sānyuè; Third Month)
0 notes
Photo
Craters Aristoteles (upper lower left), Eudoxus (lower lower left), Burg (center), Hercules (lower center right), Atlas (upper center right), and Endymion (upper right) on May 10, 2022 // Georges
Crater Aristoteles is named after the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 BCE - 322 BCE) famous for his views about the geocentric universe and influencing European thought for millennia.
Crater Eudoxus is named after the ancient Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus (400 BCE - 350 BCE), the man who invented the idea of concentric spheres for planetary motion.
Crater Burg is named after Austrian astronomer Johann Tobias Bürg (1766 - 1835) who published accurate astronomical tables for the orbit of the Moon based on around 3,000 observations.
Crater Hercules is named after the Roman hero Hercules, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmene.
Crater Atlas is named after the Greek god Atlas, condemned to hold up the heavens for eternity as punishment for his role in the Titanomachy.
Finally, Crater Endymion is named after the mythological Greek shepherd Endymion, the lover of the Greek goddess of the Moon, Selene.
#astronomy#astrophotography#solar system#moon#the moon#luna#lunar surface#lunar crater#crater#aristoteles#eudoxus#burg#hercules#atlas#endymion#aristotle#eudoxus of cnidus#johann burg
18 notes
·
View notes
Text
happily listening to the new atsab while finally putting away my heaps of clean laundry and wondering why they can’t just requisition mueller’s personnel file from hq? if they need a look into who he is and stuff. sure it was all deleted onsite but eudoxus should have that kind of mission info?
#i was stuck without wifi at work today and tho i could see there was a new one i couldn’t watch it!#liveblogging
0 notes
Text
Strabo the Geographer (photo by Spaksu)
The science of Geography, which I now propose to investigate, is, I think, quite as much as any other science, a concern of the philosopher; and the correctness of my view is clear for many reasons. In the first place, those who in earliest times ventured to treat the subject were, in their way, philosophers — Homer, Anaximander of Miletus, and Anaximander's fellow-citizen Hecataeus — just as Eratosthenes has already said; philosophers, too, were Democritus, Eudoxus, Dicaearchus, Ephorus, with several others of their times; and further, their successors — Eratosthenes, Polybius, and Poseidonius — were philosophers. In the second place, wide learning, which alone makes it possible to undertake a work on geography, is possessed solely by the man who has investigated things both human and divine — knowledge of which, they say, constitutes philosophy. And so, too, the utility of geography — and its utility is manifold, not only as regards the activities of statesmen and commanders but also as regards knowledge both of the heavens and of things on land and sea, animals, plants, fruits, and everything else to be seen in various regions — the utility of geography, I say, presupposes in the geographer the same philosopher, the man who busies himself with the investigation of the art of life, that is, of happiness.
—Strabo, Geography: Book I
0 notes
Text
Dink is dus altyd die uiteindelike doel:
Met die laaste argument van die dialektiek het ons die ooglopende verskil tussen voel-dink-vir-'n-radikale-waarde, die subjektiewe handeling van-dink-in-iets hê, en die relatiewe waarde daarvan op sigself gekontrasteer. In die testament en in die proses van handeling, is die ego gerig op die besef van waarde, nie egter op dié van die subjektiewe gevoel van denke nie. Nou kan dialektiek probeer aandring op sy tesis, dat slegs denke is waarna 'n mens kan streef, op die volgende manier, soos Eudoxus reeds gedoen het {die stilte} in een van die argumente wat deur Raussule gekritiseer is: enige tipe vraag, oor die omdat ons iets begeer en in praktiese sin daarna streef, lei dit uiteindelik tot denke, en as ons daarby uitgekom het, dan hou alle rasionele bevraagtekening op. Dink is dus altyd die uiteindelike doel.
0 notes
Text
Open stellar cluster «Manger» — a feeder for celestial donkeys
«Manger» is one of the brightest star clusters in the earth's sky. It is inferior in brightness to the Pleiades and Hyades, but is one of the seven mysterious (obscure in appearance) celestial objects of the Almagest star catalog of Claudius Ptolemy, which means it has been known to people since ancient times.
And what else was there — in this catalog? The Andromeda Nebula, the Orion Nebula, χ-h Perseus (also an open cluster, moreover, a double one), the "Sandal Sole" in Gemini, a stellar association in Coma Berenices constellation (Melotte 111) and the "Ptolemy Cluster", located in the tail of Scorpio, now known as M7 — this is company of the open stellar cluster «Manger» (from Cancer constellation) in ancient times. It can be clarified that it got into the Almagest from the catalog of Hipparchus, who lived 300 years before Ptolemy — in the second century BC. But Hipparchus was not the discoverer of «Manger» — this cluster was mentioned in the writings of Eudoxus of Cnidus (5th century BC). On this, scientific research is lost in the depths of ancient times, but mythological ones remain, which are much more ancient.
Hipparchus
According to Greek mythology — «Manger» — a feeder of the donkeys on which the god of winemaking Dionysus and his faithful companion Silenus went to battle with the Titans. The heart-rending roar of the approaching donkeys distracted the Titans, they lost their vigilance and were defeated by Zeus-Thunderer, who took advantage of the momentary confusion of the enemies. But all the glory went to the donkeys, who, after the end of the Titanomachy, were taken to heaven, turning into the stars Gamma and Delta of Cancer constellation. And so that the donkeys would not starve, the Gods placed a feeding trough right between them — «Manger» — a pale smoky spot, visible only on a moonless night.
Dionysus rides on a donkey to fight the Titans
And it doesn't matter that Dionysus is the last of the Olympian gods to come into being, when the Titans were fall long ago — Greek mythology does not need to be strictly coordinated with linear time. After all, Cancer constellation also appeared in the sky only after Hercules defeated the Nemean Lion ... and this is almost our time — the time of people.
In the view of Chinese and Japanese astronomers of the ancient era, this dim smoky spot among the stars personified the entrance to the afterlife of the departed souls, and caused a feeling of fear.
In "Uranometria" star atlas by Johann Bayer, the «Manger» star cluster was marked with the Greek letter ε (epsilon). By the way, it was Bayer who came up with the designation of stars in Greek letters. But in this case, he applied the introduced rule to foggy objects (although, for example, this did not affect the Andromeda Nebula).
Note: There is another name for this stellar cluster — "Beehive".
A few years after the publication of Uranometria, Galileo Galilei pointed a telescope at «Manger» and separated it into individual stars, counted something about 40 individual stars. Since then, the Greek letter ε refers only to the cluster's brightest star, and the cluster itself received number 44 in the catalog of Charles Messier, a famous comet catcher, who made his catalog with a specific practical meaning — to conduct an all-celestial census of objects that look like comets, but are not comets . In the first edition of the catalog, Charles Messier listed 43 objects, and the Major and Minor Orion Nebulae were listed last. But Charles had a competitor — Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, who worked on a similar catalog, and in terms of the number of objects "stepped on the heels" of Messier. To overtake his colleague, Charles included two more objects in his catalog just before the press. So in Messier's catalog were «Manger» (number 44) and the Pleiades (number 45). Although, neither one nor the other, when observed through a telescope, has any resemblance to comets.
Charles Messier
Now every amateur astronomer can easily divide «Manger» into individual stars — binoculars or a spyglass are enough for this, and observation of the cluster through a telescope is preferable only at the lowest magnifications so that it can fit in the field of view, because the cluster is very large — 1.5 degrees.
Open stellar cluster M44 «Manger»
By the way, people with exceptional visual acuity can divide the Nursery into separate stars without optics. For some reason, this did not happened in the pre-telescopic era. Have people become more vigilant, or does knowledge give the ability to see more?
It is believed that «Manger» is one of the open stellar clusters closest to the Sun. At the same time, both the Hyades and even the Pleiades are noticeably closer. The Manger cluster is about 600 light-years away — not to say that it is very close. But still, the vast majority of open clusters accessible to amateur telescopes are located much further. For example, the χ-h Perseus double cluster, perfectly visible to the eye, is 12 times farther than the «Manger» — 7500 light years. Compared to this distance, a distance of 600 light years no longer seems so infinite.
Double open stellar cluster χ-h Perseus
And it's all the more surprising that astronomers have recently revealed a connection between the Hyades (the open cluster closest to us) and «Manger».
Note: I have special articles on the Hyades and Pleiades clusters. I recommend reading them too — to get a complete picture.
The Hyades are 4 times closer to us than «Manger». Between these clusters there is a cosmic abyss of several hundred light-years. But this is now. And 600 million years ago, the stars of these clusters were born from the same gigantic protostellar nebula — similar to the one we now observe in Orion constellation. Of course, there is no trace of those clouds of gas and dust now. And the stars born in them rushed along their galactic trajectories — the Hyades were a little slower, and the «Manger» for some reason turned out to be faster, and for 600 million years (approximately the same age of both clusters) noticeably broke away from their brothers and sisters from another clusters. But the origin of the stars of «Manger» and Hyades clusters is joint.
Both clusters are also close in the composition of the stellar population — they are dominated by cool and already old stars of spectral types K and M with high metallicity. If astronomers managed to discover only one exoplanet in the Hyades, then six are already known in «Manger».
The sizes of the clusters and the number of stars in them are practically the same — about 1000 stars per sphere with a diameter of about 30 light years.
Open stellar cluster M44 «Manger»
At the same time, both clusters are now in a pre-decay state — a significant part of their stellar population has already dispersed into space, and in a few tens of millions of years the rest will also scatter — pretty soon (according to galactic time scales) both star clusters will cease to exist — as subgalactic stellar structures. But many of their constituent stars will roam the expanses of the Milky Way alone for a very long time, because for the most part these are dwarf stars whose life lasts billions of years.
Let me once again shift my gaze to the border of Perseus and Cassiopeia constellations, where a double open cluster is ghostly smoldering, marked on the map by the letters χ and h — how is it not similar to the clusters «Manger» and Hyades? χ-h Perseus — young clusters — they are only 13 million years old, they are located close to each other and fly in our direction. But the speed of their approach is different — 38 and 39 kilometers per second. This means that one cluster is moving through space at least 1 kilometer per second faster than the other. What will happen to them in 500 million years?
Double open stellar cluster χ-h Perseus
A simple calculation shows that by the time when the age of both the χ and h Perseus clusters reaches the age of the Hyades and «Manger», one cluster will overtake the other by one and a half thousand light years. This is quite correlated with the distance that the Hyades and «Manger» have gained — several hundred light years. This means that we have two typical examples of how stars are born in huge gas clouds, grouped into densely populated open clusters, and then these clusters scatter across the Galaxy, maintaining integrity for at least several hundred million years.
Cancer constellation, in the central part of which the open stellar cluster «Manger» is located, belongs to the group of spring constellations. But the best time for its observations in winter is in January and February. However, Cancer is clearly visible from mid-autumn to mid-spring.
There are no bright stars in this constellation, so the stars of neighboring constellations will help you look for the open cluster «Manger». If you connect the brightest stars of Leo and Gemini constellations — Regulus and Pollux with a straight line, then approximately in the middle of this segment (a little closer to Pollux) you can easily find a compact star scattering with binoculars. And if the sky is dark and transparent, then even with the eye you can see a foggy speck, a little larger than the Moon. In search of the cluster, "donkey stars" will also help you. They still bear their "donkey names" — "Azellus Borealis" (Northern Donkey) and "Azellus Australis" (Southern Donkey). Both stars are significantly closer than the Manger cluster — 3 and 4 times, respectively.
1 note
·
View note
Text
¿Pirámide en la Luna? Investigadores encuentran varias pruebas
Por Erick Sumoza / Ufo Spain Escaneando imágenes del espacio en busca de evidencia extraterrestre, un investigador encontró una estructura similar a una pirámide en la superficie de la Luna. Mark Sawalha, conocido por mostrar varia anomalías en fotos tomadas del espacio, aseguró encontrar lo que parece ser una pirámide cerca del cráter Eudoxus, en la Luna.…¿Pirámide en la Luna? Investigadores…
View On WordPress
0 notes
Last Seen Blogs
der-papero
La Storia di un Papero
geezerwench
Geezer Wench
paramsuperspecialityhospital
Untitled
roly-the-springerspaniel20
💚🍪🐾Roly🐾🍪💚
bunnypig18
You Make Me So Supernatural