The Vallis Alpes (left), Eudoxus crater (right), and Aristoteles crater (upper right) // Wilco Kasteleijn
Aristoteles crater is named after the famed Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 - 322 BC). Among his many accomplishments*, he proposed the idea that the planets revolve around the Earth embedded in perfect crystal spheres.
Eudoxus crater is named after the Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus (c. 390 - 340 BC). Building upon Aristotle's perfect circular orbits, Eudoxus explained the apparent retrograde (i.e., backwards) motion of some planets in the sky by adding additional spheres to each planet's orbit. This was a first step in the right direction.
Vallis Alpes is Latin for "Alpine Valley", since it bisects the Montes Alpes range. This valley extends about 100 miles and is about 6 miles across at its widest point.