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italianartsociety · 5 years

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By Jennifer D. Webb

Sculptor, Giuseppe Chialli, died in Rome on December 23, 1839. The author of a brief biography from 1861 notes the quality of his “exquisite” work in marble. Born in Città di Castello in 1800, Chialli’s brother was a painter; Guiseppe, however, was much more interested in sculpture. He trained with Tommaso Minardi and Antonio Canova.

Giuseppe executed a number of projects in his birthplace including work for the local convent of the Salesiane. He also traveled to Florence, Turin, and Rome. It was in the Eternal City that he executed a number of projects for the Torlonia family. Alessandro Torlonia (1800-1886) was the “papal banker” for Pope Gregory XVI; the pope granted Torlonia’s family permission to have a chapel in the Lateran. This honor was unusual; Daniela Felisini notes that the Pope “...was acknowledging the Prince’s high moral standing, and giving him a tangible indication of his blessing and approbation.” (p.112) Although the Torlonia family may initially have commissioned Danish sculptor, Bertel Thorvaldsen, to execute this prestigious project, responsibility fell to Chialli, Pietro Galli, and Giuseppe Barba to complete it. The three sculptors may have altered some of Thorvaldsen’s original plans.

Alessando Torlonia also continued a project begun by his father, Giovanni: the transformation of the Villa Colonna (Villa Pamphili) and its grounds. The English-style landscape was designed to include a number of “follies” that have since been further expanded.

References: Barbara Steindl. “Una committenza Torlonia: la cappella Torlonia a San Giovanni in Laterano.” Thorvaldsen: L’Ambiente, l’Influsso, il Mito. Edited by Patrick Kragelund & Mogens Nykjaer. Rome: Accademia di Danimarca, 1991. “Giuseppe Chialli.” Giornale: Scentifico-Agrario-Letterario-Artistico di Perugia. vol.VI (1861): “Villa Torlonia” (Roma, Musei in Comune); Daniela Felisini. Alessandro Torlonia: The Pope’s Banker. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

Images:

San Giovanni in Lateran, Rome. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Cappella Torlonia (1830-50), San Giovanni in Lateran, Rome. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Bertel Thorvaldsen, Bust of Giovanni Raimondo Torlonia. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Giuseppe Valadier, Villa Torlonia, Rome (begun 1806). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Giuseppi Japelli, Casina delle Civette, Villa Torlonia, Rome (1840). Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Further Reading: Bindman, David. Warm Flesh, Cold Marble: Canova, Thorvaldsen, and their Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014; Hunt, John Dixon and Stephen Bann. The Garden at War: Deception, Craft and Reason at Stowe. London: Paul Holberton Publishing, 2017.

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mostlysignssomeportents · 6 years

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#5yrsago David Miranda's lawyers nastygram the UK government

David Miranda has retained Bindmans LLP, an intimidating firm of UK lawyers, to send a letter to the British government regarding his nine-hour detention in Heathrow and the confiscation of his electronics and data, apparently in a misguided attempt to intimidate the journalist Glenn Greenwald. It's quite a remarkable letter, demanding the return of Miranda's goods, a full accounting as to what has happened to his data, and a declaration that his search was unlawful.

https://boingboing.net/2013/08/20/david-mirandas-lawyers-nasty.html

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marykhalilk00232258 · 6 years

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Life Drawing Research

We were asked to choose 3 portraits for 3 artists.

The first one is “Portrait of Niccolo Albergati” 1438, oil on panel, Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Gemaldegaerie. By Van Eyck. I choose this portrait because I love Van Eyck style of his paintings look so realistic and this fantastic capture of the man skin details is such a wonderful and the use of light that makes the face pop out the painting is such a unique way. Resource: Van Eyck, Taschen book

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The second one is “Negre du Darour” by Charles Cordier. Dated 1848, Paris, Musee de l’homme. The reason I choose this sculpture piece is the way this artist detailed all the human face with emotions and the details of the hair, skin, closes and pose is such a great way he capture this character of this man. Resource: The image of Black in Western Art by David Bindman & Henery Louise Gates

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The Third one is “Zapata” by Siqueiros oil on canvas in Hirshhorn Museum ans Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC. I loved the way this artist used this style of 3D painting in the face which gave a great looking of realistic character. Also, the use of the background that made the portrait stand like if he is trying to come outside the painting to meet the viewer and tell his story in a mystery way. Resource: The 20th century art book, Phaidon

Apology for the pictures bad quality as it was taken by my phone from some books at the college library.

#portrait #life drawing #research #study notes #learning #animation

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morganbelarus · 5 years

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EU citizens denied vote in European elections to sue UK government

Exclusive: Campaign groups prepare legal challenge following systemic denial of suffrage

The government is facing the prospect of being sued by campaigners for EU citizens in the UK and British nationals abroad who were denied a vote in the European parliament elections.

John Halford, a public law specialist at Bindmans, said this weeks electoral fiasco was something a democracy should not tolerate.

The right to vote is the foundation for all citizenship rights, he said. Last Thursday saw a large-scale, systematic, openly discriminatory denial of that right. The case we plan to bring will show that this is not something the law will tolerate and that there must be accountability and consequences.

Halford is working with the the3million group in the UK, which campaigns for the rights of EU citizens after Brexit, and also with British in Europe, which campaigns for Britons settled elsewhere in the bloc.

A crowdfunding campaign was launched on Saturday to finance the legal case, which is being urgently explored in consultation with barristers, including Anneli Howard and Dinah Rose, who conducted a BBC investigation into abuse allegations against Jimmy Savile.

Rose represented the Guardian in its successful case overturning a gag on publishing Prince Charless secret letters four years ago, one of a series of legal victories over government secrecy that have elevated her public profile.

Howard, a barrister at Monckton chambers, has said it could be argued that there were multiple breaches of EU treaties, including article 20 of the treaty on the functioning of the European Union, which states that EU nationals have the right to vote under the same conditions as nationals of that state [of residence].

They are exploring their legal options and said a judicial review test case to expose the discrimination in all its forms and clearly rule that it was unlawful was likely.

If successful, they will seek to raise 100,000 and explore how to take cases on behalf of individuals to seek compensation for unequal treatment, emotional distress and out-of-pocket expenses.

Many EU citizens were turned away from polling stations with their names crossed off the ballot, while Britons overseas protested that their ballot papers only showed up in the days before or did not show up at all.

The Guardian has received almost 1,000 case stories from EU citizens and Britons abroad, both in Europe and in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.

The Labour MP David Lammy said the election system amounted to ugly discrimination for people who had endured three years of being insulted, exploited and asked to apply to stay in their own homes.

Jane Golding, the co-chair of British in Europe, said: Brits abroad denied a vote is a perennial problem in the UK, and needs fixing. We are asking supporters to help us and the3million explore whether we can challenge this legally through the courts.

The founder of the3million, Nicolas Hatton, said the time had come to stand up.

We should not have been treated like second-class citizens, and we are calling those who believe in fairness to support us challenge the government in court over the disenfranchisement, discrimination and disrespect of EU citizens in the UK and British citizens in the EU, he said.

Voters denied their say have expressed anger and frustration over the errors and some believe the results should be declared invalid when they are announced on Sunday night after 10pm.

A German couple who were told they could not vote on Thursday morning were later told they could, after their council checked CCTV footage and found they had been telling the truth about submitting their paperwork on time.

I will not be silenced and EU citizens will not be silenced, said Moritz Valero.

On Friday, the head of the Electoral Commission, Bob Posner, conceded the election processes had not been good enough but said it was partly because the government had left it so late to confirm participation in elections it said would not happen because of Brexit.

Posner said electoral law in Britain had shortcomings. The commission last year recommended that overseas voters should be allowed to vote in embassies, for example.

We have argued for some time that the failure of governments and parliament to properly maintain and update electoral law, and to address the pressures on local authorities, has built up significant risks for well-run elections.

It is time that these warnings are properly heard and acted upon.

Others including citizens rights campaigners the New Europeans, and Joanna Cherry, the Scottish National party spokeswoman for justice and home affairs, had also warned of a disaster waiting to happen.

On 25 April, the New Europeans wrote to David Lidington, the de facto deputy prime minister, urging him to make sure UC1 forms which are required by EU citizens to declare they are voting in the UK and not their native country were available at polling stations.

Original Article : HERE ; This post was curated & posted using : RealSpecific

EU citizens denied vote in European elections to sue UK government was originally posted by MetNews

#MetNews

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santookoorisha · 7 years

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Part two Matthew states only that “wise men from the East” brought the Christ Child presents of gold, frankincense and myrrh. Over time, biblical commentary certified their number as three, interpreted the Magi as both astrologers and kings and provided names for them: Gaspar, Balthasar and Melchior. In addition they came to signify broader attributes, expressed in triadic fashion. Considered to exemplify the three known continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, they also encompass the progression of human life from youth, middle then to old age. In a manner unique to the subject of the Adoration of the Magi, they stand as a microcosm of the medieval conception of the world and its inhabitants. The inclusion of a black man as one of the kings had undergone a long and tenuous process that evolved along with the European engagement with people of other parts of the world, and just as significantly, with the symbolic concept of blackness itself. As early as the eighth century, Balthasar was described as “fuscus,” that is, dark, perhaps even black. Only in the second half of the 14th century, however, does this designation more clearly occur, when John of Hildesheim wrote his influential Historia Trium Regum, or History of the Three Kings. Shortly after this, the black king began to be depicted in works of art. We have no way of knowing the name of the black king in Bosch’s painting here, but the other important aspects of his identity are clear: his youthful age, his African origin and his gift of myrrh. This particular treatment of the Magi theme is unusually rich in symbolism. During the medieval scholastic movement, a large body of scriptural interpretation had developed. As a whole, the Adoration of the Magi is presented here as the prefiguration of the Mass, the principal church ceremony that celebrates the sacrifice of Christ for the expiation of the original sin of Adam and Eve. In its details, the imagery associates the birth of Jesus with foreshadowing events of the Old Testament. The cloak of the middle king, for example, bears a representation of the visit of the Queen of Sheba to Solomon, king of Israel. She symbolizes the Gentiles, or pagan peoples, who voluntarily search for holy wisdom. According to the exegetical strategy of Christian typology, she stands for the response of the world to the message of Jesus and thus prefigures the Adoration of the Magi. That she is also shown as black here adds the further dimension of race to the usual context of faith and conversion. The extremely sympathetic, nuanced character of the black Magus in Bosch’s Adoration of the Magi has his counterparts in several other examples produced by primarily Northern European artists during the same period. The noble bearing imparted to the black king by Bosch’s contemporaries Albrecht Durer and Hans Baldung Grien manifests the same sense of gravitas and measured grace as the white-robed king in the Prado altarpiece. In this period, the representation of the black king reached an apogee of probity and self-composed magnificence rarely equaled in later treatments of his presence at the Adoration of the Magi. The role played by style in this assumption of the essential humanity of the black man may also have been affected by the position of the real African in the European consciousness at this time. Like many Europeans, Bosch quite likely had seen an actual black person. The notion of blackness at this time was largely associated with the exotic qualities of a still largely unexplored African subcontinent. Whatever the actual condition in life of blacks living in Europe may have been, their living image was capable of conjuring faraway tropes of African authority such as Prester John and the young Magus. Though the black king would continue to have an exalted place in scenes of the Adoration of the Magi throughout the long history of slavery, his image never seemed to shine with quite as much splendor and self-possession as in the works of Bosch and his contemporaries. The Image of the Black in Western Art Archive resides at Harvard University’s W.E.B. Du Bois Research Institute, part of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research. The founding director of the Hutchins Center is Henry Louis Gates Jr., who is also The Root’s editor-in-chief. The archive and Harvard University Press collaborated to create The Image of the Black in Western Art book series, eight volumes of which were edited by Gates and David Bindman and published by Harvard University Press. Text for each Image of the Week is written by Sheldon Cheek.

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tyree-finearts · 6 years

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The Image of the Black in African and Asian Art David Bindman, Suzanne Preston Blier, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., general editors N8232 .I45 2017

#art #african art #asian art

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tyree-hfl · 6 years

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The Image of the Black in African and Asian Art David Bindman, Suzanne Preston Blier, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., general editors N8232 .I45 2017

#african humanities #asian humanities

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a-h-arts · 6 years

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Can't Wait To Have All 10 Volumes Yet another astounding art book by Dr. David Bindman and Dr. Henry Louis Gates Jr. Just when I thought my knowledge of contemporary art history was good, this volume in "The Image of the Black in Western Art" series took me to a higher level of understanding about 20th to 21st century American art. So much of its contents was new and revealing. That's why we're fully committed to purchasing the entire 10-book set on Amazon. You really can't say you know art history without having referenced this series. As in all types of history (especially art history), context and content are paramount. "The Image of the Black in Western Art" volume 5 part 2 provides both exceptionally well. Nearly every photograph in this volume was stunning. As I continue to complete the entire set, this will be a true book collector's fine art resource for decades to come. No contemporary art instructor or professor, in genuine fairness to their students' basic art education and overall cultural knowledge, can justify not using this book or series. Go to Amazon

Five Stars Great book Go to Amazon

Four Stars Very good Go to Amazon

Five Stars Great, this completes for me all volumes Go to Amazon

#Historical #art #book

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podilatokafe · 7 years

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David Bindman Sextet: Ten Billion Versions of Reality David Bindman Sextet: Ten Billion Versions of Reality jazz review by Karl Ackermann, published on October 30, 2017. Find thousands reviews at All About Jazz! Πηγή: David Bindman Sextet: Ten Billion Versions of Reality

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tortuga-aak · 7 years

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Many breast cancer patients receive more chemotherapy than they need, a new investigation reveals

Many doctors suggest the most rigorous treatment options for breast cancer patients.

Long-term chemotherapy costs a lot, is incredibly painful, and has many side effects.

Shorter courses of chemotherapy have been shown to be just as effective with fewer side-effects.

Doctors may be giving patients more chemotherapy, blood tests, and scans than they need — and worsening their health.

When Annie Dennison was diagnosed with breast cancer last year, she readily followed advice from her medical team, agreeing to harsh treatments in the hope of curing her disease.

"You’re terrified out of your mind" after a diagnosis of cancer, said Dennison, 55, a retired psychologist from Orange County, Calif.

In addition to lumpectomy surgery, chemotherapy and other medications, Dennison underwent six weeks of daily radiation treatments. She agreed to the lengthy radiation regimen, she said, because she had no idea there was another option.

Medical research published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2010 — six years before her diagnosis — showed that a condensed, three-week radiation course works just as well as the longer regimen. A year later, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, which writes medical guidelines, endorsed the shorter course.

In 2013, the society went further and specifically told doctors not to begin radiation on women like Dennison — who was over 50, with a small cancer that hadn’t spread — without considering the shorter therapy.

"It’s disturbing to think that I might have been over-treated," Dennison said. "I would like to make sure that other women and men know this is an option."

Dennison’s oncologist, Dr. David Khan of El Segundo, Calif., notes that there are good reasons to prescribe a longer course of radiation for some women.

Khan, an assistant clinical professor at UCLA, said he was worried that the shorter course of radiation would increase the risk of side effects, given that Dennison had undergone chemotherapy as part of her breast cancer treatment. The latest radiation guidelines, issued in 2011, don’t include patients who’ve had chemo.

Yet many patients still aren’t told about their choices.

An exclusive analysis for Kaiser Health News found that only 48 percent of eligible breast cancer patients today get the shorter regimen, in spite of the additional costs and inconvenience of the longer type.

Thomson ReutersThe analysis was completed by eviCore healthcare, a South Carolina-based medical benefit management company, which analyzed records of 4,225 breast cancer patients treated in the first half of 2017. The women were covered by several commercial insurers. All were over age 50 with early-stage disease.

The data "reflect how hard it is to change practice," said Dr. Justin Bekelman, associate professor of radiation oncology at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.

A growing number of patients and doctors are concerned about over-treatment, which is rampant across the health care system, argues Dr. Martin Makary, a professor of surgery and health policy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore.

From duplicate blood tests to unnecessary knee replacements, millions of patients are being bombarded with screenings, scans and treatments that offer little or no benefit, Makary said. Doctors estimated that 21 percent of medical care is unnecessary, according to a survey Makary published in September in Plos One.

Unnecessary medical services cost the health care system at least $210 billion a year, according to a 2009 report by the National Academy of Medicine, a prestigious science advisory group.

Those procedures aren’t only expensive. Some clearly harm patients.

Overzealous screening for cancers of the thyroid, prostate, breast and skin, for example, leads many older people to undergo treatments unlikely to extend their lives, but which can cause needless pain and suffering, said Dr. Lisa Schwartz, a professor at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice.

"It’s just bad care," said Dr. Rebecca Smith-Bindman, a professor at the University of California-San Francisco, whose research has highlighted the risk of radiation from unnecessary CT scans and other imaging.

Outdated Treatments

All eligible breast cancer patients should be offered a shorter course of radiation, said Dr. Benjamin Smith, an associate professor of radiation oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Studies show that side effects from the shorter regimen are the same or even milder than traditional therapy, Smith said.

"Any center that offers antiquated, longer courses of radiation can offer these shorter courses," said Smith, lead author of the radiation oncology society’s 2011 guidelines.

Smith, who is currently updating the expert guidelines, said there’s no evidence that women who’ve had chemo have more side effects if they undergo the condensed radiation course.

"There is no evidence in the literature to suggest that patients who receive chemotherapy will have a better outcome if they receive six weeks of radiation," Smith said.

Shorter courses save money, too. Bekelman’s 2014 study in JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association, found that women given the longer regimen faced nearly $2,900 more in medical costs in the year after diagnosis.

The high rate of over-treatment in breast cancer is "shocking and appalling and unacceptable," said Karuna Jaggar, executive director of Breast Cancer Action, a San Francisco-based advocacy group. "It’s an example of how our profit-driven health system puts financial interests above women’s health and well-being."

Just getting to the hospital for treatment imposes a burden on many women, especially those in rural areas, Jaggar said. Rural breast cancer patients are more likely than urban women to choose a mastectomy, which removes the entire breast but typically doesn’t require follow-up radiation.

Too Many Tests

Meg Reeves, 60, believes much of her treatment for early breast cancer in 2009 was unnecessary. Looking back, she feels as if she was treated "with a sledgehammer."

At the time, Reeves lived in a small town in Wisconsin and had to travel 30 miles each way for radiation therapy. After she completed her course of treatment, doctors monitored her for eight years with a battery of annual blood tests and MRIs. The blood tests include screenings for tumor markers, which aim to detect relapses before they cause symptoms.

Yet cancer specialists have repeatedly rejected these kinds of expensive blood tests and advanced imaging since 1997.

For survivors of early breast cancer like Reeves — who had no signs of symptoms of relapse — "these tests aren’t helpful and can be hurtful," said Dr. Gary Lyman, a breast cancer oncologist and health economist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Reeves’ primary doctor declined to comment.

In 2012, the American Society for Clinical Oncology, the leading medical group for cancer specialists, explicitly told doctors not to order the tumor marker tests and advanced imaging — such as CT, PET and bone scans — for survivors of early-stage breast cancer.

Yet these tests remain common.

Thirty-seven percent of breast cancer survivors underwent screening for tumor markers between 2007 and 2015, according to a study presented in June at the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s annual meeting and published in the society’s journal online.

Sixteen percent of these survivors underwent advanced imaging. None of these women had symptoms of a recurrence, such as a breast lump, Lyman said.

Beyond wasted time and worry for women, these scans also expose them to unnecessary radiation, a known carcinogen, Lyman said. A National Cancer Institute study estimated that 2 percent of all cancers in the United States could be caused by medical imaging.

Thomson Reuters

Paying The Price

Health care costs per breast cancer patients monitored with advanced imaging averaged nearly $30,000 in the year after treatment ended. That was about $11,600 more than for women who didn’t get such follow-up tests, according to Lyman’s study. Women monitored with biomarkers had nearly $6,000 in additional health costs.

Reeves knows the costs of cancer treatment all too well. Although she had health insurance from her employer, she says she had to sell her house to pay her medical bills. "It was financially devastating," Reeves said.

"It’s the worst kind of financial toxicity, because you’re incurring costs for something with no benefit," said Dr. Scott Ramsey, director of the Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research.

Even simple blood tests take a toll, Reeves said.

Repeated needle sticks — including those from unnecessary annual blood tests — have scarred the veins in her left arm, the only one from which nurses can draw blood, she says. Nurses avoid drawing blood on her right side — the side of her breast surgery — because it could injure that arm, increasing the risk of a complication called lymphedema, which causes painful arm swelling.

Reeves worries about the side effects of so many scans.

After treatment ended, her doctor also screened her with yearly MRI scans using a dye called gadolinium. The Food and Drug Administration is investigating the safety of the dye, which leaves metal deposits in organs such as the brain. After suffering so much during cancer treatment, she doesn’t want any more bad news about her health.

Becoming An Advocate

Kathi Kolb, 63, was staring at 35 radiation treatments over seven weeks in 2008 for her early breast cancer. But she was determined to educate herself and find another option.

"I had bills to pay, no trust fund, no partner with a big salary," said Kolb, a physical therapist from South Kingstown, R.I. "I needed to get back to work as soon as I could."

Kolb asked her doctor about a 2008 Canadian study, which was later published in the influential New England Journal of Medicine, showing that three weeks of radiation was safe. He agreed to try it.

Even the short course left her with painful skin burns, blisters, swelling, respiratory infections and fatigue. She fears these symptoms would have been twice as bad if she had been subjected to the full seven weeks.

"I saved myself another month of torture and being out of work," Kolb said. "By the time I started to feel the effects of being zapped [day] after day, I was almost done."

A growing number of medical and consumer groups are working to educate patients, so they can become their own advocates.

The Choosing Wisely campaign, launched in 2012 by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation, aims to raise awareness about over-treatment. The effort, which has been joined by 80 medical societies, has listed 500 practices to avoid. It advises doctors not to provide more radiation for cancer than necessary, and to avoid screening for tumor markers after early breast cancer.

"Patients used to feel like ‘more is better,’" said Daniel Wolfson, executive vice president of the ABIM Foundation. "But sometimes less is more. Changing that mindset is a major victory."

Yet Wolfson acknowledges that simply highlighting the problem isn’t enough.

Many doctors cling to outdated practices out of habit, said Dr. Bruce Landon, a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School.

"We tend in the health care system to be pretty slow in abandoning technology," Landon said. "People say, ‘I’ve always treated it this way throughout my career. Why should I stop now?’"

Many doctors say they feel pressured to order unnecessary tests out of fear of being sued for doing too little. Others say patients demand the services. In surveys, some doctors blame over-treatment on financial incentives that reward physicians and hospitals for doing more.

Because insurers pay doctors for each radiation session, for example, those who prescribe longer treatments earn more money, said Dr. Peter Bach, director of Memorial Sloan Kettering’s Center for Health Policy and Outcomes in New York.

"Reimbursement drives everything," said economist Jean Mitchell, a professor at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy. "It drives the whole health care system."

Smith-Bindman, the UC-San Francisco professor, said the causes of over-treatment aren’t so simple. The use of expensive imaging tests also has increased in managed care organizations in which doctors don’t profit from ordering tests, her research shows.

"I don’t think it’s money," Smith-Bindman said. "I think we have a really poor system in place to make sure people get care that they’re supposed to be getting. The system is broken in a whole lot of places."

Dennison said she hopes to educate friends and others in the breast cancer community about new treatment options and encourage them to speak up. She said, "Patients need to be able to say ‘I’d like to do it this way because it’s my body.’"

NOW WATCH: Animated map shows what would happen to Asia if all the Earth's ice melted

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