#Daniel Paul Schreber
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He who does not lose his mind over certain things has no mind to lose.
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PETER HEILIGENTHAL – ZU LEBZEITEN VERKANNT – HEUTE FAST VERGESSEN
Vor 25 Jahren starb in Wiesbaden der Historiker, Verleger, Schriftsteller und Buchhändler PETER HEILIGENTHAL (1940-1999). Mit der Novelle „Exzellenz – eine Wiesbadener Kariere“ die wenige Jahre vor seinem Tod 1994 erschien, hätte er fast einen Skandal ausgelöst, denn die darin vorkommenden Personen waren trotz fiktiver Namen leicht zu identifizieren. Mit ein wenig Glück und vor allem guten Beziehungen zu den Granden des Literaturbetriebes wäre aus Peter Heiligenthal vielleicht ein zweiter Thomas Bernhard (Holzfällen) geworden, so aber blieb das als Paperback in einem Kleinverlag erschienene Meisterwerk mehr oder weniger ein lesenswerter Geheim-Tipp, ein Schelmenroman, der es verdient hätte in die Bestsellerliste aufgenommen zu werden. Ein zweiter biografischer Roman, der sich vor allem mit der schwierigen, stellenweise traumatischen Kindheit des Autors befasste, blieb leider ein Fragment.
Peter Heiligenthal, geboren im September 1940 in Darmstadt verlor bereits mit drei Jahren seinen Vater. Der Offizier starb während eines Fliegerangriffs auf dem Weg zu seiner Familie, als er gerade seinen kurzen Heimaturlaub antreten wollte. Ein zweites einschneidendes Erlebnis war der Aufenthalt in einem katholischen Internat, wo der 10jährige schwere körperliche und seelische Misshandlungen erlebte, die ihn zeitlebens beschäftigten. Nach der Schulzeit studierte Heiligenthal in Münster Geschichtswissenschaften und war an einem Forschungsprojekt über die Wiedertäufer beteiligt. Trotz seines enormen Engagements an der Universität blieb ihm die akademische Laufbahn der Alma Mater verwehrt. Heiligenthal wechselte in die Verlags-Branche. Mit der Neu-Herausgabe von Daniel Paul Schrebers „Denkwürdigkeiten eines Nervenkranken“ gelang dem inzwischen Wahl-Wiesbadener 1973 ein Achtungserfolg, für den sogar der SPIEGEL lobende Worte fand.
Peter Heiligenthal war der Typus des so gut wie ausgestorbenen humanistischen Universalgelehrten. Geschichte, Kunstgeschichte, Philosophie, Literaturwissenschaft, Theologie, vergleichende Religionswissenschaften bis hin zu Mystik und Okkultismus; es gab kaum ein Gebiet im Bereich Geisteswissenschaften in dem der Buchhändler und Antiquar sich nicht auskannte. Von Peter konnte jeder etwas lernen. Der Stammgast des legendären BUMERANG in der Wellritzstraße war oft umringt von jungen Zuhörern, die im Dauerqualm der Reval ohne Filter an seinen Lippen hingen. Dass er gesundheitlich schwer angeschlagen das Millenium nicht mehr erlebte, war absehbar aber dennoch für viele ein Schock. Er war eine Institution innerhalb der Buchhändler-Brache und ein Spezialist in Sachen literarischer Kostbarkeiten und Raritäten. Die Beziehung zu seinen Mitmenschen war nicht immer einfach. Nicht jeder konnte mit seiner ehrlichen, direkten, manchmal schroffen Art umgehen.
Zur Beerdigung auf dem Südfriedhof erschienen viele Kollegen, Freunde und Bewunderer. Die Grabrede hielt ein ranghohes Mitglied des Mainzer Domkapitels. Peter Heiligenthal ist das Klassische Beispiel für einen Menschen, der sich nicht verbiegen lassen wollte und dann letztendlich an seinem Idealismus scheiterte. Sein 120 Seiten langer Schelmenroman ist auch nach 30 Jahren ein zeitloser Genuss. Wer Autor und Buchtitel eingibt, stößt auf zahlreiche Onlineangebote im antiquarischen Buchhandel.
#Peter heiligenthal#Exzellenz eine Wiesbadener Kariere#Erinnerung#Literatur#schelmenroman#Novelle#Daniel Paul Schreber#Denkwürdigkeiten eines Nervenkranken
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Relatedly! (Also from the Eric Santner book on Daniel Paul Schreber, My Own Private Germany, which I finished yesterday.)
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Currently Reading
Alex Pheby
PLAYTHINGS
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PART ONE
Okay so this is a list of my headcanon/preferences, with links leading to each post. I give a basic summary of the headcanon/preference, then what fandom it belongs to, and who from said fandom is involved. Plus whether or not it was requested, just because.
1.) You ask if you can peg them. (X)
• It (Movie 2017)
• The Bowers gang.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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2.)They react to the phrase "Fuck me running." (X)
• Vikings (TV series 2013)
• Ragnar, Rollo, Harald, Halfdan, Ivar, Björn, Ubbe, Hvitserk, Alfred.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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3.) They react to you telling them you're allergic to bullshit. (X)
• Vikings (TV series 2013)
• Ragnar, Rollo, Harald, Halfdan, Ivar, Björn, Ubbe, Hvitserk, Alfred.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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4.) You ask if you can peg them. (X)
• Horror movies addition.
• Dr. Herbert West (Re-animator 1985), Dr. Daniel Schreber (Dark City 1998), Ash Williams (Evil Dead 1981), Stu Macher (Scream 1996), Bo Sinclair (Wax Museum 2005), Eric Draven (The Crow 1994), Otis Driftwood (House of a Thousand Corpses 2003), Djinn (Wishmaster 1997), Josh Lambert (Insidious 2010).
(NOT REQUESTED)
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5.) How do they feel about you being more badass than them? (X)
• Assassins Creed (Video game series)
• Altaïr Ibn-LaʼAhad, Ezio Auditore da Firenze, Connor Kenway, Edward Kenway, Jacob Frye, Bayek, Desmond Miles.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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6.) They react to you telling them to bruise your esophagus. (X)
• American Gods (TV series 2017)
• Mad Sweeny, Shadow Moon, Mr. World, Technical Boy, Low-Key Lyesmith.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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7.) They react to you telling them "I wanna choke on your dick until I pass out." PART ONE (X) PART TWO (X)
• Miscellaneous fandom's
• DIDN'T WANNA LIST THEM ALL, JUST LOOK INTO THEM YOURSELF LOL. (ALL AND ALL THERE ARE 14 PEOPLE)
(NOT REQUESTED)
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8.) They develop a mommy kink, & along with a bit of a lactation kink, because of how busty you are. (X)
• It (Movie 2017)
• The Bowers gang
(NOT REQUESTED)
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9.) You let them design your next tattoo. (X)
• The Lost Boys (Movie 1987)
• David, Marko, Paul, Dwayne.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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UNLISTED : How would each of the bowers gang react if the other members walked in while they’re being pegged/fingered/eaten out. (X)
• It (Movies 2017)
• Bowers gang
(REQUESTED)
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10.) The basics of their yandere obsession with you. (X)
• Type O Negative (Band)
• Peter Steele.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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11.) Basic relationship headcanons. (X)
• The Black Phone (Movie 2021) crossed with Stranger Things (TV series 2016)
• Vance Hopper.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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12.) The basics of their yandere obsession with you. (X)
• Star Wars (Solo triplets)
• Kylo Ren, Ben Solo, Matt Solo.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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13.) How would magni and modi handle their child being named Thor’s successor? (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Magni, Modi.
(REQUESTED)
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14.) What is the relationship between magni and modi’s children and their family? (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Magni, Modi.
(REQUESTED)
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15.) Magni, Modi, and Baldurs children reacting to their parents death. (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Magni, Modi, Baldur.
(REQUESTED)
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16.) Freya learning she is a grandmother. (Baldurs daughter) (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Baldur, Freya.
(REQUESTED)
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17.) Will Kratos take you in after the death of your father Modi? (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Modi, Kratos, Atreus, Mimir.
(REQUESTED)
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18.) How will they react when you die in place of them? (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Magni, Modi, Baldur.
(REQUESTED)
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19.) Romantic headcanons. (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Baldur, Magni, Modi.
(REQUESTED)
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20.) How do they react to you having visions of dark things? (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Modi, Baldur.
(REQUESTED)
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21.) They react to finding out you're pregnant with their child. (X)
• God of War (Video game 2018)
• Magni, Modi, Baldur.
(REQUESTED)
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22.) They react to finding out you're pregnant with their child. (X)
• Actors.
• Tom Cruise, Antony Starr.
(REQUESTED)
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23.) The basics of their yandere obsession with you. (X)
• The Witcher (TV series 2019)
• Geralt.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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24.) They react to you yelling "VIBE CHECK!" as you hit a victim with a baseball bat. (X)
• Slashers addition.
• DIDN'T WANNA LIST THEM ALL, JUST LOOK INTO THEM YOURSELF LOL. (ALL AND ALL THERE ARE 23 PEOPLE)
(NOT REQUESTED)
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25.) How do they react when you ask them to lay on top of you for the first time in your relationship. (X)
• Slipknot (Band)
• Corey Taylor, Joey Jordison, Mick Thomson, Sid Wilson, Jim Root.
(NOT REQUESTED)
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26.) Romantic headcanons (X)
• Resident Evil 7 Biohazard (Video game 2017)
• Lucas Baker
(REQUESTED)
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27.) He reacts to you being an absolute tech wiz. (X)
• Resident Evil 7 Biohazard (Video game 2017)
• Lucas Baker
(REQUESTED)
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28.) Being Rocky's little sister, and falling for Ivan Drago. (X)
• Rocky IV (Movie 1985)
• Ivan Drago
(REQUESTED)
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29.) Platonic relationship with The Grabber. (X)
• The Black Phone (Movie 2022)
• Albert Shaw
(REQUESTED)
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30.) Syd is a dilf/gilf. (X)
• Cocaine Bear (Movie 2023)
• Syd White
(REQUESTED)
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31.) He's got a breeding kink. (X)
• Batman Forever (Movie 1995)
• Dick Grayson
(NOT REQUESTED)
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32.) He loves his plus size sweetheart. (X)
• Rocky IV (Movie 1985)
• Ivan Drago
(REQUESTED)
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33.) Reactions to their partners nipples being pierced. (X)
• Miscellaneous fandoms
• DIDN'T WANNA LIST THEM ALL, JUST LOOK INTO THEM YOURSELF LOL. (ALL AND ALL THERE ARE 9 PEOPLE)
(NOT REQUESTED)
--
34.) What is Valentine's Day like with them? (X)
• Miscellaneous fandoms
• DIDN'T WANNA LIST THEM ALL, JUST LOOK INTO THEM YOURSELF LOL. (ALL AND ALL THERE ARE 9 PEOPLE)
(NOT REQUESTED)
--
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I wrote an essay on a 19th century mental patient and how we deal with the inherent ambiguity of trans history. Daniel Paul Schreber is a pretty fascinating figure to me, and I think there's something worth talking about here
"People too often seem to believe that ambiguity should limit trans history. But it shouldn’t. It should expand it. In a world where people have the freedom to explore their gender without being shamed, excluded or persecuted, the history of trans people would be only the history of trans people. But that’s not the world we live in, and it hasn’t been for a very long time. And so, instead, the history of trans people is a history of ambiguity. That means it must include all the people who might have been trans, but weren’t free enough to find out for certain. It must include the people who crossdressed for opportunity, or for thrills, the people who had complex, indeterminate relationships to gender, and yes, the wild fantasists like Schreber. They are all part of the same great cloud of ambiguity that trans people were forced into. Trans history must be the history of the whole of that cloud."
https://medium.com/@lillieefranks/daniel-paul-schreber-and-the-ambiguity-of-trans-history-597c8e9913e7
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By: Bernard Lane
Published: Mar 25, 2024
Not good medicine
The dominant “gender-affirming” treatment approach—which promotes puberty blockers, cross-sex hormones and mastectomy for minors—is “fundamentally incompatible with competent, ethical medical practice.”
That is the conclusion of a new paper by academic psychiatrist Andrew Amos in the journal Australasian Psychiatry.
Dr Amos says treatment guidelines from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) and the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne (RCH) “assert without evidence that pathology plays no part in the development of gender diversity,” which is said to be part of nature.
“If it is admitted there are some pathological causes of gender diversity, then it becomes necessary to assess the health or illness of all presentations [of gender identity],” Dr Amos says.
But the gender-affirming model insists that self-declared gender identity be affirmed, not interrogated for underlying mental illness.
“The emergence of non-binary and fluid genders means there are no boundaries to self-reported gender identity, which may include a gender consistent with one of the two biological sexes; a combination of features consistent with both sexes; the absence of features of gender; an identity as a voluntarily/involuntarily castrated eunuch; or arbitrary and rapidly changing variations,” Dr Amos says.
“From a psychiatric perspective, the proposition that psychopathology plays no role in gender diversity is absurd.
“The most detailed personal description of the experiences of psychosis is that of Daniel Paul Schreber, a German judge who minutely described his belief that God had turned him into a woman and was sending ribbons from the sun through his body to impregnate him and repopulate the earth.
“It is difficult to imagine a more pathological aetiology [or cause] for gender diversity, yet the [gender-affirming model] provides no framework for assessing such a patient, and does not view Schreber’s case as an absolute contraindication to social, medical or surgical transition.
“As Schreber illustrates, it is certain that pathology causes some cases of gender diversity. Differentiating between healthy and pathological gender diversity, or, more likely, gauging the relative contribution of healthy and pathological processes originating within or in the environment of each patient, can only be achieved by the comparison of an individual’s patterns of behaviour with patterns of normal and pathological development.
“While [gender-affirming] advocates have argued transition is safe in patients with psychosis because it is easy to differentiate psychotic from non-psychotic aetiologies of gender diversity, they have provided no guidance on how to do so, and no empirical evidence that it is safe to try.
“To the extent they discuss the role of psychosis or severe personality pathology in the development of gender diversity at all, it is only to deny that either might prevent transition.”
RCH Melbourne’s treatment guideline—promoted as “Australian standards of care”1 and used by children’s hospital gender clinics across the country—states that psychosis in a minor “should not necessarily prevent medical transition.” It does not explain how to discern those cases when psychosis should indeed rule out transition.
In the leaked WPATH Files, clinicians were revealed debating how to manage “trans clients” with dissociative identity disorder (multiple personalities or alters) in which “not all the alters have the same gender identity.”
Dr Amos argues that gender-affirming treatment guidelines “abandon the clinical discipline of diagnosis and make treatment contingent upon the unconstrained subjective experiences of children and potentially disturbed adults.”
“This is unethical, because modern medicine relies upon accurate diagnosis and evidence-based clinical reasoning to ensure that treatment is likely to help and not harm patients.”
Dr Amos notes tension in the 2023 gender dysphoria policy of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists between a traditional mental health approach and the unevidenced assertion that, “Being trans or gender diverse does not represent a mental health condition.” This policy area has occasioned sharp divisions within the college since 2019.
“Although it is clear that this [2023 policy] compromise balances the concerns of different stakeholders, the medico-legal implications for psychiatrists and their patients may be too important to long defer a conclusive position on the aetiological role of mental illness in gender diversity,” Dr Amos says.
He points out that the lack of evidence for the gender-affirming model has led an Australian medical defence fund, MDA National, to restrict coverage for private practitioners facing claims because of their involvement in the medical transition of under-18 patients.
youtube
[ Video: England’s NHS has radically restricted puberty blocker drugs, but it’s business as usual for Australia’s gender medicine lobby ]
“A patient should be more than a number, but detransitioners [who regret gender medicine treatments] can’t even get that. Reclaiming one’s biological gender after a gender transition is so taboo, that there is no way to document it in a medical record with an official diagnosis code.”—FAIR in Medicine fellow Aida Cerundolo, opinion article, The Hill, 15 February 2024
“International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes label patients’ medical issues and electronically shuttle them through the US healthcare system. These letter-number combinations facilitate communication, help prevent medical errors and signal insurance companies to reimburse for treatments.
“Codes exist for patients ‘struck by orca, initial encounter,’ or who have ‘problems in relationship with in-laws’ and even for those ‘sucked into [a] jet engine, sequela.’ However, detransition remains an unrecognized medical entity because it has no corresponding diagnosis code.”
Taking cover
On May 9 last year, GCN reported that MDA National planned to restrict cover for private doctors assessing minors as eligible for medicalised gender change or initiating cross-sex hormones for them.
The insurer cited “the high risk of claims arising from irreversible treatments provided to those who medically and surgically transition as children and adolescents.”
The news appears to have alarmed the lobby group LGBTIQ Health Australia (LHA)2, whose access to federal Health Minister Mark Butler produced an “URGENT one day turnaround” brief from his department on the issue, according to documents obtained under Freedom of Information law.
These documents suggest Australia’s federal government is focused not on the international debate about safety concerns and the lack of evidence for youth gender medicine, but on expanding access to gender-affirming treatment as requested by well-connected LGBTQ lobbies.
On May 23, LHA chief executive Nicky Bath—who sits on the government’s LGBTIQA+ Health and Wellbeing 10 Year National Action Plan Expert Advisory Group—alerted Mr Butler’s office to MDA’s proposed restriction of insurance cover. (By market share, MDA is the second largest medical defence fund.)
That same day, the Department of Health and Aged Care3 secured a detailed account from MDA chief executive Ian Anderson of the insurer’s rationale for the change to take effect from 1 July 2023.
In its urgent brief sent to Minister Butler on May 30, the department relayed Mr Anderson’s explanation that—
While MDA itself had not received any claims arising from gender medicine, the insurer was aware of claims emerging with other indemnifiers in Australia and overseas
Members of MDA had expressed concerns about growing demand pressuring general practitioners (GPs or primary care doctors) to prescribe cross-sex hormones for minors
Those concerns included whether the usual consent would be sufficient for children, given the life-changing, permanent effects of such treatment; and reliance on medical opinion influencing that treatment decision in the event of a claim brought by a former patient
For these reasons, MDA had investigated the underwriting risk of claims arising from gender treatment of minors and concluded that it was unable to quantify and price the risk, quantum and frequency of claims; nor was it able to source appropriate data
MDA members with experience in gender medicine had stated their view that the best model for assessment and treatment of gender-distressed children involved a multi-disciplinary team backed by “a significant hospital”
In its brief, the minister’s department makes no reference to systematic reviews overseas showing the evidence base for paediatric transition to be very weak and uncertain.
However, the note suggests that if the regulatory Medical Board of Australia had to intervene in a case involving gender treatment of a minor, it would use the treatment guideline issued in 2018 by the gender-affirming clinic at the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne (RCH) and badged as “Australian standards of care.”
“In determining what is safe clinical care and what is the best available evidence, doctors should have regard to relevant Australian standards of care,” the briefing note says.
There is no hint of the controversial status of the RCH treatment guideline.
The department’s note says the RCH guideline “clearly outlines the role of GPs in the assessment and care of adolescents with gender dysphoria”, which the note says includes prescription of puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones “in collaboration with a paediatrician, adolescent physician or paediatric endocrinologist.”
However, towards the end of 2023, the RCH gender clinic changed precisely this section of the guideline consistent with a campaign by the gender-affirming lobby to ramp up GP provision of cross-sex hormone treatment for minors—the very issue that MDA was concerned about.
Gender-affirming clinicians see the mainstreaming of hormones through local medical practices as one answer to long waiting lists at children’s hospital specialist gender clinics, where older adolescents may age out before treatment.
The current, version 1.4 of the RCH guideline still says a multidisciplinary approach is “the optimal model of care” but adds new advice that, “GPs with sufficient expertise and skill in initiating and monitoring [cross-sex] hormone therapy can consider initiating and optimising hormone therapy for [minors].”
“This would typically be within a primary care-led multidisciplinary team tailored to the patient’s needs and availability of services…” (Emphasis added.)
It is not explained how GPs will know when they can go ahead without a multi-disciplinary team. Version 1.3—still available on the RCH website—did not recommend that GPs initiate cross-sex hormones without the precaution of specialist back up.
In November 2023, gender-affirming GPs keen to mainstream hormones for 16- and 17-year-olds without specialist back up complained of mixed messages as to whether or not they would be covered for this4 by the country’s largest medical defence fund, Avant.
Avant, which is understood to be defending psychiatrist Dr Patrick Toohey against a 2022 claim by detransitioner Jay Langadinos, told GCN it had not changed its cover. The fund did not answer the question whether it would cover claims arising from GP members initiating opposite-sex hormones for 16- or 17-year-old patients without the backing of a multi-disciplinary team.
Version 1.4 of the RCH guideline did not cite any new evidence supporting the practice of GP-led hormones, nor was the opportunity taken to cite fresh data reported since the guideline was first issued in 2018.
The RCH document makes no reference to systematic evidence reviews in Finland, Sweden and England since 2019. These reviews, undertaken independently, found the evidence base for hormonal treatment of minors to be very weak and uncertain.
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"Gender affirming care" is pseudoscientific faith-healing quackery.
#Bernard Lane#Claire Chandler#puberty blockers#medical scandal#medical corruption#medical malpractice#queer theory#gender ideology#gender identity ideology#intersectional feminism#gender affirming care#gender affirming healthcare#gender lobotomy#gender affirmation#wrong sex hormones#cross sex hormones#low evidence#faith healing#gender homeopathy#gender woo#pseudoscience#medical quackery#religion is a mental illness#Youtube
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Real, The (Lacan).
The real, a category established by Jacques Lacan, can only be understood in connection with the categories of the symbolic and the imaginary. Defined as what escapes the symbolic, the real can be neither spoken nor written. Thus it is related to the impossible, defined as "that which never ceases to write itself." And because it cannot be reduced to meaning, the real does not lend itself any more readily to univocal imaginary representation than it does to symbolization. The real situates the symbolic and the imaginary in their respective positions.
In 1953, in a lecture called "Le symbolique, l'imaginaire et le réel" (The symbolic, the imaginary, and the real; 1982), Lacan introduced the real as connected with the imaginary and the symbolic. The real, insofar as it is situated in relation to the death drive and the repetition compulsion, has nothing to do with Freudian reality (Wirklichkeit ) or with the reality principle. Lacan wrote, "One thing that is striking is that in analysis there is an entire element of the real of the subject that escapes us. . . . There is something that brings the limits of analysis into play, and it involves the relation of the subject to the real" (1982). Right away, Lacan raised the question of the real in relation to analytic training, and in 1953 more specifically in relation to the choice of candidates for training analysis. The issue concerned the fact that the real is defined not solely by its relation to the symbolic but also by the particular way in which each subject is caught up in it.
Lacan was able to extract this notion of the real from his meticulous reading of Freud. In La relation d'objet (Object relations; 1994), his seminar of 1956-1957, Lacan, taking up the case of "little Hans" (Freud, 1909b), explained the boy's mythical constructions as a response to the real of sexual jouissance (enjoyment) that had erupted in his field of subjectivity. Thanks to his imaginary constructions and his phobia, little Hans avoided the issue of castration. In his seminar The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-1955(1988), Lacan presented a detailed reading of Freud's dream of Irma's injection (Freud, 1900a). He emphasized that the terrifying image that Freud saw at the back of Irma's throat revealed the irreducible real and designated a limit point at which "all words cease" (1988, p. 164).
Lacan returned regularly to The Interpretation of Dreams(Freud, 1900a) to indicate how the real is located at the root of every dream, what Freud called the dream's navel, a limit point where the unknown emerges (1900a, pp. 111n, 525). It is here, at the dream's navel, that Lacan located the point where the real hooks up with the symbolic (Lacan, 1975). Lacan approached the real through hallucination and psychosis by careful study of Freud's "Wolf man" case (1918b [1914]), Freud's commentary on Daniel Paul Schreber (1911c [1910]), and "Negation" (Freud, 1925h). If the Name of the Father is foreclosed and the symbolic function of castration is refused by the subject, the signifiers of the father and of castration reappear in reality, in the form of hallucinations. Hence the Wolf Man's hallucination of a severed finger and Schreber's delusions of communicating with God.
Thus, in developing the concept of foreclosure, Lacan was able to declare, "What does not come to light in the symbolic appears in the real" (1966, p. 388). Lacan reconceived Freud's hypothesis of an original affirmation as a symbolic operation in which the subject emerges from an already present real and recognizes the signifying stroke that engages the subject in a world symbolically ordered by the Name of the Father and castration. In his seminar The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (1978), Lacan took up Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920g) and approached the real in terms of compulsion and repetition.
He proposed distinguishing between two different aspects of repetition: a symbolic aspect that depends on the compulsion of signifiers (automaton) and a real aspect that he called tuché, the interruption of the automaton by trauma or a bad encounter that the subject is unable to avoid. Engendered by the real of trauma, repetition is perpetuated by the failure of symbolization. From this point on, Lacan defined the real as "that which always returns to the same place" (Lacan, 1978, p. 49). Trauma, which Freud situated within the framework of the death drive, Lacan conceptualized as the impossible-to-symbolize real.
The concept of the real also allowed Lacan to approach questions of anxiety and the symptom in a new way. While his early teaching was devoted to the primacy of the symbolic, in later seminars (from 1972 to 1978) he argued that the real (R), the symbolic (S), and the imaginary (I) are strictly equivalent. In effect, the symbolism that Lacan borrowed from logic failed to formalize the real, which "never ceases to write itself." Thus Lacan attempted, by borrowing from the mathematics of knot theory, to invent a formulation independent of symbols. By affirming the equivalence of the three categories R, S, and I, by representing them as three perfectly identical circles that could be distinguished only by the names they were given, and by knotting these three circles together in specific ways (such that if any one of them is cut, the other two are set free),
Lacan introduced a new object in psychoanalysis, the Borromean knot. This knot is both a material object that can be manipulated and a metaphor for the structure of the subject. The knot, made up of three rings, is characterized by how the rings (representing the real, the symbolic, and the imaginary) interlock and support each other. From this point on in Lacan's teaching, the real was no longer an opaque and terrifying unconceptualizable entity. Rather, it is positioned right alongside the symbolic and tied to it by mediation of the imaginary. Thus, whatever our capacity for symbolizing and imagining, there remains an irreducible realm of the nonmeaning, and that is where the real is located (see Lacan, 1974-1975).
In the final years of his teaching, Lacan took up the question of the symptom and the end of the treatment (1975; 1976). If the symptom is "the most real thing" that subjects possess (1976, p. 41), then how must analysis proceed to aim at the real of the symptom in order to ensure that the symptom does not proliferate in meaningful effects and even to eliminate the symptom? For analysis not to be an infinite process, for it to find its own internal limit, the analyst's interpretation, which bears upon the signifier, must also reach the real of the symptom, that is, the point where the symbolically nonmeaningful latches on to the real, where the first signifiers heard by the subject have left their imprint (Lacan, 1985, p. 14). According to Lacan, to reach its endpoint, an analysis must modify the relationship of the subject to the real, which is an irreducible whole in the symbolic from which the subject's fantasy and desire derive.
This notion of the real has given rise to numerous misunderstandings. Some have interpreted its resistance to formalization as a slide into irrationality. Others, by identifying the real with trauma, have made it a cause of fear and anxiety. Yet we all have an intuitive experience of the real in such phenomena as the uncanny, anxiety, the nonmeaningful, and poetic humor that plays upon words at the expense of meaning. Thus, when the framework of the imaginary wavers and speech is lacking, when reality is no longer organized and pacified by the fantasy screen, the experience of the real emerges in a way that is unique for each person
Martine Lerude - (The Real), Lacan. International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Edited Alain de Mijolla. Macmillan Library Reference (2005).
#lacan#psychoanalysis#unconscious#jouissance#lacanian real#freud#lacan unconscious#lacan object petit a desire#real symbolic imaginary#objet petit a#psychoanalyst#parletre#lacanian discourse#freudian drives#speaking body#freudian unconscious#speaking being#psychoanalytic#symptom#jacques alain miller#anxiety#anxiété#anxious#angoisse
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Case Studies: Little Hans - Sigmund Freud
Little Hans
In the early 20th century Sigmund Freud was under pressure to provide evidence to support his theories from client cases. With Dora, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Daniel Paul Schreber, Freud explored similar themes including bisexuality moving between heterosexuality and homosexuality where both environmental challenges, hormonal changes and sexual opportunities availed themselves. And for males, Freud described an intimidation or castration complex where sexuality is affected by traumas of pride. His emphasis on these themes continued with Little Hans, The Ratman, and The Wolfman. With Little Hans, Herbert Graf, Freud was at a disadvantage because he had not yet developed the skills to be a great child Psychoanalyst, so he relied on notes from parents to record their kid's thinking and behaviour patterns. "While I myself supervised the overall plan of treatment and also intervened personally on one occasion by talking to the lad myself, the treatment itself was carried out by the little boy's father." Freud admitted that "...no one else could have persuaded the child to admit so freely to his feelings and nothing could replace the expertise with which the father was able to interpret the utterances of his 5-year-old son: the technical difficulties of carrying out the psychoanalysis of so young a patient would have been insurmountable." Herbert was the son of Max Graf, the music critic, and Olga Hönig who provided most of the material for the analysis. "His parents, who were both among my closest followers, had agreed to bring up their first child with no more constraint than proved necessary to maintain decent behaviour, and as the child developed into a cheerful, good-natured and bright little boy, they proceeded quite happily with their attempt to let him grow and express himself without intimidation."
Infantile Sexuality - Freud: http://psychreviews.org/sexuality-part-2-infantile-sexuality-sigmund-freud/
Sexual theories of children
One of the theories that Freud had to defend was his theories of how children developed sexually before puberty. In Freud's time it was more common to believe that sexuality only begins with puberty. Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year old Boy, was published a few years after his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Freud's Oral Phase coincides with breast feeding and an early sexual organization. The review of Little Hans takes place in the period of the Phallic phase, around ages 3 - 4, when children obsess about the penis, sexual differences between men and women and early sexual theories, like that of the stork. Children can be direct with their questions, with parents in most cases misdirecting them with inaccurate answers. Freud recounts notes from Hans's parents:
Hans, aged 3 3/4: 'Daddy, have you got a widdler too?'
Father: 'Of course I have.'
Hans: 'But I've never seen it when you get undressed.'
On another occasion he watches with fascination while his mother undresses at bedtime. She asks 'Whatever are you looking at?'
Hans: 'I'm just looking to see if you've got a widdler too.'
Mummy: 'Of course I have. Didn't you know that?'
Hans: 'No, I thought because you're so big you must have a widdler like a horse's.'"
Freud then moves to the castration complex where early masturbation is punished. "At the same time [Hans's] interest in widdlers is not just theoretical: as we might surmise, it stimulates him to touch that organ as well. At the age of 3 1/2 his mother catches him with his hand on his penis. She threatens him: 'If you do that, I'll tell Dr. A. to come and he'll cut off your widdler. What will you do then when you have to widdle?'
Hans: 'I'll use my botty.'"
"He responds without any sense of guilt as yet, but acquires on this occasion the 'castration complex' that is so often to be inferred from the analysis of neurotics, even though without exception they strenuously resist any acknowledgement of it."
Hans continued noticing penises everywhere including on giraffe's, a cow's udder, and horses.
"I draw a giraffe for Hans... He says to me, 'You must draw his widdler.' I reply, 'Draw it on yourself.' At this he adds a new line to the picture of the giraffe, which at first he leaves short but then adds another line to it, remarking, 'His widdler is longer than that.' Hans and I walk past a horse which is urinating. He says, 'The horse's widdler is down below, like mine.' He watches his 3-month-old sister being bathed and says pityingly, 'Her widdler is really really tiny.' He is given a doll to play with, and undresses her. He looks at her carefully and says, 'Her widdler is only really tiny.'"
Sibling rivalry
"...brothers ought not to pursue honours or powers from the same sources but from different ones. ~ Peter Walcot paraphrasing Plutarch (Moralia 486 B & C)
Hans's father Max describes the reactions of his little Herbert with a new inclusion to the family. "Hans is very jealous of the new arrival and as soon as anyone praises her, finds her pretty, etc., he replies scornfully: 'But she hasn't got any teeth yet.' For when he saw her for the first time he was astonished that she was unable to speak and assumed that the reason she could not speak was because she did not have any teeth. In the early days after the birth he finds himself having to play second fiddle, of course, and suddenly comes down with a very sore throat. In his fever he is heard to say: 'But I don't want a little sister!' It takes about six months for him to get over his jealousy, after which he becomes as affectionate towards Hanna as he is conscious of his own superiority." Here we have the sources of jealousy being insecurity over sources of pleasurable attention and the cure coming from the older sibling being able to find their own superiority to regain security. As long as the child cannot find their own distinctive superiority there will be continued resentment based on the feeling of being replaced by the younger sibling. Conflict is reduced when different talents are developed within different siblings then the conflict can only be escalated again if parents stupidly refuse to acknowledge the value of those different talents and start picking favourites. This lesson extends outwards beyond family to the economy. A peaceful society is one where all the world's cultures are able to trade differences with each other in such a way that as many individuals in society gain a sense of security. Economic crashes and limited varieties of industries can create jealous and envious tensions in the world. These tensions can create war, revolution, and even more subtle problems like chronic unemployment and psychological problems. Freud quotes another older child in his notes in the paper as saying of his younger brother that "the stork can take him back again."
Envy and the Greeks: A study of Human Behaviour by Peter Walcot: https://www.isbns.net/isbn/9780856681462/
Jealous Pets: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_D84wPZ9BU
Bisexuality
"Hans's 5-year-old cousin is here on a visit. Hans, now 4, embraces him continually and during one of these tender embraces and says, 'Oh, I do love you.' This is the first instance of homosexuality that we shall encounter in Hans, but certainly not the last. Our little Hans is apparently the epitome of all the vices! We have moved to a new apartment. (Hans is 4.) A door leads from our kitchen to a narrow balcony, from which one can see into the apartment on the opposite side of the courtyard. Here Hans has discovered a little girl of 7 or 8. Now he sits on the step leading to the balcony waiting to adore her, and will sit there for hours. At 4 O'Clock in particular, when the little girl comes home from school, we cannot keep him in the room, nor stop him from taking up his observation post. On one occasion, when the little girl does not appear at the window at the usual time, Hans becomes very agitated and plagues the servants with questions: 'When is the little girl coming home? Where is she?', etc. When she finally appears he is ecstatic and cannot take his eyes off the apartment opposite. The passion with which Hans embarked on this 'love at a distance' can be explained by the fact that Hans has no little playmate, boy or girl. Frequent contact with other children is obviously a necessary part of a child's normal development."
"Shortly afterwards we leave to spend the summer in Gmunden and Hans (4 1/2) now has company. His playmates are our landlord's the next-door children, Anna (10) and two other little girls whose names I cannot recall, who are about 9 and 7. His favourite is Fritzl, whom he often embraces and assures of his love. On one occasion he is asked, 'Which of the little girls do you like best?' and answers 'Fritzl'. At the same time he is very aggressive towards the girls, swaggers and acts the man, embraces them and smothers them with kisses, which Berta for one very much enjoys. One evening, as Berta is coming out of the room he puts his arms round her neck and says in the sweetest of voices, 'You're so lovely, Berta'; however, this does not stop him from kissing the others and assuring them of his love too. He is also very fond of Mariedl, another of the landlord's daughters who plays with him; she is about 14, and one evening as he is being put to bed he says, 'I want Mariedl to sleep with me.' When he is told, 'She can't do that', he says, 'I want her to sleep with Mummy or Daddy, then.' He is told, 'She can't do that either, Mariedl must sleep downstairs with her parents'."
"On the following occasion, too, Hans said to his Mummy, 'You know, I should so like to sleep with that little girl.' The occasion gives rise to great amusement, for Hans behaves just like a grown-up in love. For some days a pretty little girl, about 8 years old, has been coming into the restaurant where we have lunch, and Hans has of course immediately fallen in love with her. He is constantly turning round on his chair to look at her out of the corner of his eye; he goes over to stand near her and flirt as soon as he has eaten, but goes bright scarlet if anyone catches him at it. If the little girl returns his glance he immediately looks in the opposite direction, covered in shame. His behaviour occasions hilarity, of course, in all the restaurant guests. Every day when we take him into the restaurant he asks, 'Do you think the little girl will be here today?' When she finally comes he goes as red as any adult in the same situation. On one occasion he comes over to me, quite blissful, and whispers in my ear: 'I know where the little girl lives. I've seen her go up the steps in such and such a place.' While he may behave aggressively towards the little girls at home, here he is altogether the platonically languishing beau. This may have something to do with the fact that the girls at home are village children, while this one is a lady of refinement. I have already mentioned that he once said he would like to sleep with her."
Freud's male homosexual theory
Freud continued his theory of male homosexuality by connecting early sexual theories of children where everyone is expected to have a penis. When the penis is then made the prime importance of sexual pleasure, associated with the loving connection of the mother, later discoveries of the vagina and clitoris lead to a disappointment. The desire for a "woman with a penis", as Freud puts it, moves to the new object which is feminine looking male. Of course Freud is in the early days of sexual orientation psychology, but some clues to biology appear in his review of Daniel Paul Schreber's book that show that stress and age related hormonal changes can also affect an adult's sexual orientation even if they were married to a woman and had regular sex with the desire to have a baby. [See: Daniel Paul Schreber: https://rumble.com/v1gu84v-case-studies-daniel-paul-schreber-freud-and-beyond.html] The complexity of sexual orientation is only starting to be unraveled. There are patterns but many people have very individual experiences with their choice of sexual objects and some of confusion has to do with ignorance of biology. At this point in time Freud sticks with his theory of the fluidity of objects and doesn't posit a homosexual drive, or instinct. Instincts for Freud are biological drives to action. "It is quite inappropriate to single out one particular homosexual drive; it is not a peculiarity of his drives that distinguishes the homosexual, but his choice of object." Here Freud pushes a desire for better sexual education of children. Freud says "Hans is homosexual, as all children may very well be, quite in accordance with the undeniable fact that he only knows of one kind of genitalia, genitalia like his own."
Freud then observes Hans's exploration of other girls where he's more bold in some cases, or remains at a distance with yearning. His desire to sleep with them connects with his desire to be in bed with his mother, and Freud even equates the term to "sleep with someone" as an adult term that comes from childhood connections of sleeping in bed with mummy.
Baby wants Blue Velvet - Isabella Rosselini and Dennis Hopper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=senNDipdmPo
Little Oedipus
Freud also asserts that when there is a "paucity of other objects of love" children can revert, for example, back to their mother. This hints that Freud's theory views sexuality as something that looks for convenient objects. If parents are the only ones around, then children target their desires towards them. When other children are around, then new targets are made. For example, during summer months in "Gmunden, when his father's alternating presence and absence drew his attention to the conditions that determined that longed-for intimacy with his mother. Later...when Hans could no longer count on his father's going away, the wish was intensified until its content was that his father should go away for good, should be 'dead'." Yet there was some ambivalence toward his father as Freud describes. "Hans feels an intense love for the father against whom he harbours a death-wish, and while his intelligence may lead him to query this contradiction, he is still obliged to demonstrate its reality by hitting his father and then immediately kissing the place where he had hit him." His father recounts...
"Hans, 4 1/4 years old. This morning his mummy gives Hans a bath, as she does every day, then dries him and pats him with talcum powder. As she puts talcum powder around his penis, taking care not to touch it, Hans says, 'Why don't you touch me there?"
Mummy: 'Because that's dirty.'
Hans: 'What? Dirty? Why?'
Mummy: 'Because it's not decent.'
Hans (laughing): 'It's fun, though.'"
"Being helped to do a widdle, which involves unfastening the child's trousers and taking out his penis, is obviously a pleasurable activity for Hans. When they are out on a walk it is of course mainly his father who helps Hans in this way, which provides an opportunity for his homosexual tendencies to become fixed on his father."
"Yesterday, when I took Hans for a wee he asked me for the first time to take him behind the house so that no one could see, and added, 'Last year, when I did a widdle, Berta and Olga watched me.' I take this to mean that last year he enjoyed it when the girls watched him, but doesn't any more. The pleasure of exhibitionism is now being repressed. The repression in real life of his desire to be seen - or helped - by Berta and Olga when he is doing a widdle, explains why it has turned up in his dreams...Since then I have repeatedly observed that he does not wish to be seen when doing a widdle."
"Hans (4 1/2) is again watching his little sister being bathed and starts to laugh. Asked, 'Why are you laughing?' he replies, 'I'm laughing at Hanna's widdler.' 'Why?' - 'Because her widdler's so lovely.' Obviously this is not what he means. Hanna's widdler actually struck him as funny. This is incidentally the first time he acknowledges the difference between male and female genitals, instead of denying it."
Cat showing ambivalence with licking and biting (3:28): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6yngs4woPw
Equinophobia
As the analysis continued Hans's father noticed a phobia begin in his son. "Sexual over-excitement caused by his mother's caresses is no doubt at the root of the problem, but I am at a loss to identify the immediate cause of the disorder. The fear that a horse will bite him on the street seems connected in some way to fear of a large penis - you will recall from my earlier notes that he was aware at a very early stage of the horse's large penis and came to the conclusion that, as she is so big, his mother must have a widdler like a horse's." Freud makes some connections to a dream of Hans's where he loses his mother and is not able to nuzzle with her. This is conflated with the large widdler he assumes his mother has and his hope that "when I get bigger my widdler will grow too." Freud concludes "that he has constantly made comparisons in the course of his observations and remains deeply dissatisfied with the size of his own widdler. He is reminded of this defect by the big animals, which he dislikes for that reason. Since he is probably unable to become fully conscious of this whole train of thought, the painful feeling is transformed into anxiety, so that his present anxiety builds as much on his earlier pleasure as on his present aversion. When once a state of anxiety has been created, anxiety devours all other feelings; as repression takes its course and those once-conscious ideas to which strong feelings have become attached move more and more into the unconscious mind, all the associated emotions may be transformed into anxiety." The repression to not think about the distressing thoughts is motivated by the desire to stop the anxiety. Reminders in the world that connect back to thoughts of a small widdler, including the memory of the threat of castration by the mother, and more recently his first knowledge that girls have different genitalia, and the possibility that he could be widdler-less like them, creates a phobia over any reminder of inferiority. The horse becomes a trigger for anxiety related to inferiority.
Further questioning led to a memory of a horse collapsing while shopping with this mom. Hans imagined that the horse could both bite him or collapse. Freud interpreted the collapsed horse being the father dying so Hans could take his place, but at the same time there was an ambivalence because he also loves his father. Mixed with memories of seeing children hop up on horse driven carts and onto loading ramps, Hans fantasized a danger of the cart moving away just as he hopped onto one and send him crashing down. The horse, or the father, is the incest barrier to the mother. "Behind the original expression of anxiety, the fear that horses will collapse, and both of these, the biting horse and the falling horse, are the father who will punish him because of the wicked desires he harbours against him."
The End - The Doors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsQtnBu3p7Y
Freud talked to Hans and laid out the characteristics of the horse compared to his father. "...I offered him a partial interpretation of his fear of horses: his father must be the horse, which he had good internal reason to fear. Certain details that aroused fear in Hans, the black around this mouth and in front of his eyes (moustache and spectacles, the prerogatives of the adult male), seemed to me to have been transferred directly from the father to the horses. With this explanation I vanquished the most powerful resistance in Hans to conscious recognition of his unconscious thoughts, since it was his own father who was taking the role of his physician. From this moment on we had conquered the summit of his condition, the material flowed abundantly, the young patient showed courage in communicating the details of his phobia and soon intervened independently in the course of the analysis."
Fecal birth
The parents finally gave in and provided a basic sexual education talk to Hans. "On 24 April my wife and I enlighten Hans up to a point by explaining that babies grow inside the mummy and then are brought into the world like a 'plop' by pushing them out, and that this causes great pain. In the afternoon we go out in the street. He is clearly much relieved, running after carts and carriages, and his residual anxiety is betrayed only by the fact that he does not dare to venture far away from the main entrance, and cannot be persuaded to go for a longer walk at all." Afterwards Hans showed an interest in being a mummy and having children. He imagined his friends being his children, including an imaginary friend Lodi. His play eventually changed his role to become the father and then eventually he bestowed the honor of grandfather and grandmother to his parents. The heavy weight of the cart being pulled by the horse in Hans's memory had further symbolic significance for Freud. "We learn that Hans used to insist on accompanying his mother to the lavatory and that he did the same thing with Berta, who represented his mother at the time, until this was discovered and forbidden. The pleasure derived from watching a beloved person perform such functions corresponds to the 'confluence of drives' / instincts of which we have already seen one example in Hans's behaviour. Hans's father finally turns his mind to the symbolism of plop, and recognizes an analogy between a heavily laden cart and a body weighed down by faecal matter, between the way a cart drives out of the gateway and the way a stool is released from the body." The birth of the baby is treated as a "plop" like when defecating. By use of imagination towards his parents Hans resolved his conflict with his father and mother. Later after puberty Hans will have to take his dream of being a parent and choose an object outside of the family now that he accepts that different people have to be chosen.
Influence through the power of suggestion
The main controversy with Freud's analysis of Hans is the use of his parents as mediators. Shockingly, Freud opens up a can of worms in his paper that goes even beyond it. He makes the excuse that children are less likely to lie than adults, but his main reservation is damaging. "The analysis of a child by his own father, who is steeped in my theoretical views and tainted with my prejudices, is altogether lacking in objective value. A child is of course suggestible to a very high degree, as regards his father, perhaps, more than any other figure; he will allow any words to be put in his mouth out of gratitude to a father who pays him so much attention." The power of suggestion can hardly be better described than that. It presages Freud's later work and object psychology. The reason why most people have voices in their minds is from the rewards and punishments, the giving and withholding of attention from parents, caregivers and powerful people. It's a form of conditioning where suggestions are imitated by children, and adults, to secure attention from others as a reward. This is a weakness that can be exploited by predators, confidence tricksters, cults and advertising. Any attachment wound or emptiness is open for exploitation. With enough repetition children and adults follow the family culture and the wider culture of the world. Even when the original influences are gone, the conditioning remains in the person, motivating actions unconsciously until these attachment needs are brought to consciousness and healthy sources of satisfaction are pursued. If you want to know why you are talking to people in your mind? It's because you want to get agreement and positive attention from them in real life. Real life requires an unreal world to think in, rehearse and strategize in order to make decisions in the actual world. There are also terrible people imitated in our minds and the mind creates stress as if they are really there. They inhibit our choices and we can become like them if we believe their behaviours are rewarding enough to imitate. This is the dark side we all have to fight with and defeat. The real ghosts are impressions in our mind. A fifth column that doesn't always have your best interest at heart.
Luke Skywalker's vision of himself as Darth Vader: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTcLiEI3Wdg
Cult psychology: https://rumble.com/v1gvih9-cult-psychology.html
Thankfully the observer awareness in meditation can heal these influences, desires for attention, and can help to remove the identification with old cultural habits. It can provide, what Freud would later call the "I" or Ego, opportunities to make choices with a sense of play and authenticity in different directions. When people are conscious of their attachment weaknesses, they are more likely to vet choices and compare them to decide which is better, creating a more independent mind. Any basic meditation pursued for a period of time will have interruptions showing the types of objects imitated in the mind. This includes just being mindful while walking and seeing triggers and memories happen in real time. Being able to breathe through them, relax them and release them will be important to create more independence. The importance of this insight is that cults can appear anywhere there is exploitation. Followers need leaders and leaders need followers. Religious or secular sources of these suggestions that leaders provide, including psychoanalysis, all can fall under cult-like appeals to authority, where a leader is always to be believed and a follower obeys. Watching our attachment wounds and deficits can protect us from predators, especially the friendly looking ones, who are watching from a distance.
Slow boat to China: The Master - Philip Seymour Hoffman and Joaquin Phoenix: https://youtu.be/SeNU4axJOjw
How to motivate yourself - Freud and Beyond: https://rumble.com/v1gv3zl-how-to-motivate-yourself-freud-and-beyond.html
The Wolfman and other cases - Sigmund Freud: https://www.isbns.net/isbn/9780142437452/
Psychology: http://psychreviews.org/category/psychology01/
#littlehans#sigmund freud#casestudies#psychoanalysis#phobia#equinophobia#psychology#Castrationcomplex#oedipus complex#envy#sibling rivalry
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O Ser G Deformado ?
Esperava-se que a relação de Daniel Paul Schreber com o seu pai prosseguisse
do objetivo sexual de ser espancado para o objetivo seguinte, ou seja, o de ser possuído por ele, como uma mulher.
Porém, devido à oposição da sua
masculinidade narcísica, essa relação foi lançada de volta para uma etapa ainda mais primitiva, foi deslocada para um substituto paterno e, ao mesmo tempo, dissociada em um medo de ser devorado pelo lobo ( no caso do Homem dos Lobos - 1914.)
A partir do período do sonho, em seu inconsciente, ele era homossexual e, em sua
neurose, estava no nível do canibalismo; ao passo que a atitude anterior, masoquista, permaneceu dominante.
Já no caso da jovem homossexual, Freud analisa a questão da homossexualidade feminina no amor, onde o autor investiga o caso de uma jovem homossexual, que demonstra interesse por mulheres mais velhas.
A jovem é levada pelo pai até Freud, pois o pai queria que sua homossexualidade fosse
curada.
Porém Freud afirma que a sexualidade normal é baseada em uma restrição do objeto, e, de
maneira geral, o fato de transformar em heterossexual um homossexual não é mais promissora do que ao contrário.
A jovem homossexual analisada por Freud não apresentava desvio da compleição (deformidade) física feminina, tampouco algum distúrbio menstrual, porém a menina apresentava um tipo de comportamento
masculino, perante o seu objeto amoroso (perante a dama que amava), ou seja, mostrava a humildade e a enorme superestimação sexual do homem
apaixonado.
Ela não tinha escolhido um objeto
feminino, mas assumido uma postura masculina.
A análise demonstrou que a menina trouxe da infância um complexo de masculinidade, pois não queria ficar na sombra do irmão, ela desenvolveu uma forte inveja do pênis.
Ela na verdade era uma feminista; achava injusto que as meninas não pudessem ter as
mesmas liberdades dos meninos.
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Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber, ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 [PDF eBook eTextbook] Publisher: NYRB Classics; Revised ed. edition (January 31, 2000) Language: English 488 pages ISBN-10: 094032220X ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 In 1884, the distinguished German jurist Daniel Paul Schreber suffered the first of a series of mental collapses that would afflict him for the rest of his life. In his madness, the world was revealed to him as an enormous architecture of nerves, dominated by a predatory God. It became clear to Schreber that his personal crisis was implicated in what he called a “crisis in God’s realm,” one that had transformed the rest of humanity into a race of fantasms. There was only one remedy; as his doctor noted: Schreber “considered himself chosen to redeem the world, and to restore to it the lost state of Blessedness. This, however, he could only do by first being transformed from a man into a woman….” Daniel Paul Schreber (1842-1911) was the son of the preeminent nineteenth-century German medical authority on child-rearing. Before his mental collapse, he served as the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Saxony. Rosemary Dinnage is the author of The Ruffian on the Stair: Reflections on Death, One to One Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, and the London Review of Books. She lives in London. What makes us different? • Instant Download • Always Competitive Pricing • 100% Privacy • FREE Sample Available • 24-7 LIVE Customer Support
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Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber, ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 [PDF eBook eTextbook] Publisher: NYRB Classics; Revised ed. edition (January 31, 2000) Language: English 488 pages ISBN-10: 094032220X ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 In 1884, the distinguished German jurist Daniel Paul Schreber suffered the first of a series of mental collapses that would afflict him for the rest of his life. In his madness, the world was revealed to him as an enormous architecture of nerves, dominated by a predatory God. It became clear to Schreber that his personal crisis was implicated in what he called a “crisis in God’s realm,” one that had transformed the rest of humanity into a race of fantasms. There was only one remedy; as his doctor noted: Schreber “considered himself chosen to redeem the world, and to restore to it the lost state of Blessedness. This, however, he could only do by first being transformed from a man into a woman….” Daniel Paul Schreber (1842-1911) was the son of the preeminent nineteenth-century German medical authority on child-rearing. Before his mental collapse, he served as the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Saxony. Rosemary Dinnage is the author of The Ruffian on the Stair: Reflections on Death, One to One Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, and the London Review of Books. She lives in London. What makes us different? • Instant Download • Always Competitive Pricing • 100% Privacy • FREE Sample Available • 24-7 LIVE Customer Support
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Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber, ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 [PDF eBook eTextbook] Publisher: NYRB Classics; Revised ed. edition (January 31, 2000) Language: English 488 pages ISBN-10: 094032220X ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 In 1884, the distinguished German jurist Daniel Paul Schreber suffered the first of a series of mental collapses that would afflict him for the rest of his life. In his madness, the world was revealed to him as an enormous architecture of nerves, dominated by a predatory God. It became clear to Schreber that his personal crisis was implicated in what he called a “crisis in God’s realm,” one that had transformed the rest of humanity into a race of fantasms. There was only one remedy; as his doctor noted: Schreber “considered himself chosen to redeem the world, and to restore to it the lost state of Blessedness. This, however, he could only do by first being transformed from a man into a woman….” Daniel Paul Schreber (1842-1911) was the son of the preeminent nineteenth-century German medical authority on child-rearing. Before his mental collapse, he served as the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Saxony. Rosemary Dinnage is the author of The Ruffian on the Stair: Reflections on Death, One to One Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, and the London Review of Books. She lives in London. What makes us different? • Instant Download • Always Competitive Pricing • 100% Privacy • FREE Sample Available • 24-7 LIVE Customer Support
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From Eric L. Santner’s My Own Private Germany: Daniel Paul Schreber’s Secret History of Modernity, 1996.
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Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber, ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 [PDF eBook eTextbook] Publisher: NYRB Classics; Revised ed. edition (January 31, 2000) Language: English 488 pages ISBN-10: 094032220X ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 In 1884, the distinguished German jurist Daniel Paul Schreber suffered the first of a series of mental collapses that would afflict him for the rest of his life. In his madness, the world was revealed to him as an enormous architecture of nerves, dominated by a predatory God. It became clear to Schreber that his personal crisis was implicated in what he called a “crisis in God’s realm,” one that had transformed the rest of humanity into a race of fantasms. There was only one remedy; as his doctor noted: Schreber “considered himself chosen to redeem the world, and to restore to it the lost state of Blessedness. This, however, he could only do by first being transformed from a man into a woman….” Daniel Paul Schreber (1842-1911) was the son of the preeminent nineteenth-century German medical authority on child-rearing. Before his mental collapse, he served as the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Saxony. Rosemary Dinnage is the author of The Ruffian on the Stair: Reflections on Death, One to One Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, and the London Review of Books. She lives in London. What makes us different? • Instant Download • Always Competitive Pricing • 100% Privacy • FREE Sample Available • 24-7 LIVE Customer Support
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Memoirs of My Nervous Illness by Daniel Paul Schreber, ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 [PDF eBook eTextbook] Publisher: NYRB Classics; Revised ed. edition (January 31, 2000) Language: English 488 pages ISBN-10: 094032220X ISBN-13: 978-0940322202 In 1884, the distinguished German jurist Daniel Paul Schreber suffered the first of a series of mental collapses that would afflict him for the rest of his life. In his madness, the world was revealed to him as an enormous architecture of nerves, dominated by a predatory God. It became clear to Schreber that his personal crisis was implicated in what he called a “crisis in God’s realm,” one that had transformed the rest of humanity into a race of fantasms. There was only one remedy; as his doctor noted: Schreber “considered himself chosen to redeem the world, and to restore to it the lost state of Blessedness. This, however, he could only do by first being transformed from a man into a woman….” Daniel Paul Schreber (1842-1911) was the son of the preeminent nineteenth-century German medical authority on child-rearing. Before his mental collapse, he served as the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Saxony. Rosemary Dinnage is the author of The Ruffian on the Stair: Reflections on Death, One to One Experiences of Psychotherapy, and Annie Besant. She is a regular contributor to The New York Review of Books, the Times Literary Supplement, and the London Review of Books. She lives in London. What makes us different? • Instant Download • Always Competitive Pricing • 100% Privacy • FREE Sample Available • 24-7 LIVE Customer Support
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