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Biography of Sima Jiong (Book of Jin 59)

齊武閔王冏，字景治，獻王攸之子也。少稱仁惠，好振施，有父風。初，攸有疾，武帝不信，遣太醫診候，皆言無病。及攸薨，帝往臨喪，冏號踴訴父病為醫所誣，詔即誅醫。由是見稱，遂得為嗣。元康中，拜散騎常侍，領左軍將軍、翊軍校尉。趙王倫密與相結，廢賈后，以功轉遊擊將軍。冏以位不滿意，有恨色。孫秀微覺之，且憚其在內，出為平東將軍、假節，鎮許昌。倫篡，遷鎮東大將軍、開府儀同三司，欲以寵安之。

Sima Jiong was styled Jingzhi; his posthumous title was Prince Wumin ("the Martial and Pitied") of Qi. He was the son of Prince Xian ("the Presented") of Qi, Sima You. Even as a child, Sima Jiong won acclaim for his kind and benevolent attitude and enjoyed being generous; he had the same spirit as his father.

Before Sima You's death, although he had become ill, Emperor Wu did not really believe that he was sick. So he sent the imperial doctors to examine and diagnose Sima You, and they declared that he was not ill. When Sima You then passed away and Emperor Wu went to attend the mourning service, Sima Jiong was in a fit of grief, declaring that the doctors had given false reports about Sima You's illness. Emperor Wu ordered the doctors put to death, and Sima Jiong won renown for this act and was permitted to inherit his father's title as Prince of Qi (although he was not the eldest son).

During the Yuankang reign era (291-300), Sima Jiong was appointed as a Cavalier In Regular Attendance, as acting General of the Left Army, and as Colonel Who Supports The Army. The Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, secretly formed ties with him.

For his role in helping to depose Jia Nanfeng (in 300), Sima Jiong was appointed as General of Roaming Assault. But Sima Jiong was not satisfied by this position, and he often looked resentful. When Sun Xiu realized this, he was afraid to keep Sima Jiong too close at hand, so he had him sent away as General Who Pacifies The East and Credential Holder and had him garrison Xuchang.

When Sima Lun usurped the throne (in 301), he appointed Sima Jiong as Grand General Who Guards The East and granted him the privilege of a Separate Office with equal ceremonial to the Three Excellencies, in order to mollify and appease him.

冏因眾心怨望，潛與離狐王盛、潁川王處穆謀起兵誅倫。倫遣腹心張烏覘之，烏反，曰：「齊無異志。」冏既有成謀未發，恐或泄，乃與軍司管襲殺處穆，送首於倫，以安其意。謀定，乃收襲殺之。遂與豫州刺史何勖、龍驤將軍董艾等起軍，遣使告成都、河間、常山、新野四王，移檄天下征鎮、州郡縣國，咸使聞知。揚州刺史郗隆承檄，猶豫未決，參軍王邃斬之，送首於冏。冏屯軍陽翟，倫遣其將閭和、張泓、孫輔出堮阪，與冏交戰。冏軍失利，堅壘自守。會成都軍破倫眾于黃橋，冏乃出軍攻和等，大破之。及王輿廢倫，惠帝反正，冏誅討賊党既畢，率眾入洛，頓軍通章署，甲士數十萬，旌旗器械之盛，震於京都。天子就拜大司馬，加九錫之命，備物典策，如宣、景、文、武輔魏故事。

Sima Jiong was planning to take advantage of the anger and resentment of the people against Sima Lun, and he secretly plotted with Wang Sheng of Lihu and Wang Chumu of Yingchuan to rise up with soldiers to overthrow Sima Lun. But at the same time, Sima Lun had sent one of his confidantes, Zhang Wu, to keep a close eye on Sima Jiong. When Zhang Wu returned to the capital, he reported, "The Prince of Qi has no ulterior motives against you." And since Sima Jiong's plans were not yet complete, he was afraid that the plot might leak out. So he joined with his Army-Marshal, Guan Xi, to kill Wang Chumu, then sent Wang Chumu head to Sima Lun in order to allay his concerns. However, once Sima Jiong's plan was complete, he arrested Guan Xi and killed him.

Then Sima Jiong raised an army, together with the Inspector of Yuzhou, He Xu, the Dragon-Soaring General, Dong Ai, and others. He sent word around to inform others of his plot: the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, the Prince of Changshan, Sima Ai, and the Prince of Xinye, Sima Xin.

Sima Jiong sent out a proclamation of his intentions to every general or minister, to all the Generals Who Conquer, Generals Who Guard, Inspectors, Administrators, Prefects, and Interior Ministers, so that everyone might know what his designs were.

When the Inspector of Yanzhou, Chi Long, received Sima Jiong's proclamation, he was hesitant and could not decide whether to support him or not. But one of his Army Advisors, Wang Sui, beheaded Chi Long and sent his head to Sima Jiong.

Sima Jiong camped his army at Yangdi. Sima Lun sent his generals Zhang Hong, Lü He, and Sun Fu to march out through Eban, where they met Sima Jiong in battle. Sima Jiong had the worst of the fighting, so he withdrew into his defenses and fortified his ramparts. But in the meantime, Sima Ying's army routed Sima Lun's forces at Huangqiao. So Sima Jiong led his army out again and attacked Lü He and the others, this time greatly routing them.

Once the Princes had finished deposing Sima Lun and restoring Emperor Hui to the throne and Sima Jiong had completed his executions of Sima Lun's partisans in villainy, Sima Jiong led his troops into Luoyang, where he made arrangements for accommodating his troops. He had hundreds of thousands of armored soldiers, with a full panoply of flags and banners and military gear, and the capital region trembled.

Emperor Hui appointed Sima Jiong as Grand Marshal and granted him the Nine Bestowments. He was granted regent authority to handle all canons and policies, just as Sima Yi, Sima Shi, Sima Zhao, and Emperor Wu had once wielded such power on behalf of the government of Wei.

冏於是輔政，居攸故宮，置掾屬四十人。大築第館，北取五穀市，南開諸署，毀壞廬舍以百數，使大匠營制，與西宮等。鑿千秋門牆以通西閣，後房施鐘懸，前庭舞八佾，沈於酒色，不入朝見。坐拜百官，符敕三臺，選舉不均，惟寵親昵。以車騎將軍何勖領中領軍。封葛<方與>為牟平公，路秀小黃公，衛毅陰平公，劉真安鄉公，韓泰封丘公，號曰「五公」，委以心膂。殿中御史桓豹奏事，不先經冏府，即考竟之。於是朝廷側目，海內失望矣。南陽處士鄭方露版極諫，主簿王豹屢有箴規，冏並不能用，遂奏豹殺之。有白頭公入大司馬府大呼，言有兵起，不出甲子旬。即收殺之。

Sima Jiong thus acted as regent over the government. He lived in Sima You's old palace, and selected forty assistants and subordinates for himself. He greatly expanded the rooms and buildings of his palace, extending the estate north to reach the Five Grains Market and south to connect with the various government offices. He demolished hundreds of homes and buildings in the process. He ordered the Grand Architect to lay out his palace to be on the same scale as Emperor Hui's residence at the Western Palace. He bored a hole through the Qianqiu Gate to make a direct path to the Western Pavilion, and he hung up bells in his rear chambers and arrayed dancers in eight rows (an imperial privilege) in his front hall. He indulged himself in wine and sensual pleasures, not bothering to attend court.

Sima Jiong appointed various ministers without any ceremony, just granting the appointments from where he sat, and he issued commands to the Three Bureaus of the government simply by a mark. And in his selections and promotions, he was not impartial, but only favored those who were close to him and familiar. He appointed the General of Chariots and Cavalry, He Xu, as General Who Leads The Army of the Center. He also appointed Ge Yu as Duke of Mouping, Lu Xiu as Duke of Xiaohuang, Wei Yi as Duke of Yinping, Liu Zhen as Duke of Anxiang, and Han Tai as Duke of Fengqiu; they came to be known as the "Five Dukes", and all of them were Sima Jiong's close companions.

The Secretary of the Central Hall, Huan Bao, submitted a petition without first sending it to Sima Jiong's office for review, for which he was submitted to interrogation. From then on, the court ministers all glanced about in fear, and everyone within the Seas lost hope in Sima Jiong.

A recluse of Nanyang, Zheng Fang, submitted an essay harshly remonstrating with Sima Jiong (his essay is listed below). And one of the Registrars, Wang Bao, often warned Sima Jiong against what he was doing (his essays and biography are in the Biographies of Loyal Ministers). But Sima Jiong did not follow either of their advice, and he even arranged to have Wang Bao killed.

A white-haired gentleman ran into the office of the Grand Marshal, exclaiming that there would be an uprising soon, before the next Jiazi year (in 304). He was arrested and killed.

冏驕恣日甚，終無悛志。前賊曹屬孫惠復上諫曰：惠聞天下五難，四不可，而明公皆以居之矣。捐宗廟之主，忽千乘之重，躬貫甲胄，犯冒鋒刃，此一難也。奮三百之卒，決全勝之策，集四方之眾，致英豪之士，此二難也。舍殿堂之尊，居單幕之陋，安囂塵之慘，同將士之勞，此三難也。驅烏合之眾，當凶強之敵，任神武之略，無疑阻之懼，此四難也。檄六合之內，著盟信之誓，升幽宮之帝，復皇祚之業，此五難也。大名不可久荷，大功不可久任，大權不可久執，大威不可久居。未有行其五難而不以為難，遺其不可而謂之為可。惠竊所不安也。自永熙以來，十有一載，人不見德，惟戮是聞。公族構篡奪之禍，骨肉遭梟夷之刑，群王被囚檻之困，妃主有離絕之哀。曆觀前代，國家之禍，至親之亂，未有今日之甚者也。良史書過，後嗣何觀！天下所以不去于晉，符命長存於世者，主無嚴虐之暴，朝無酷烈之政，武帝餘恩，獻王遺愛，聖慈惠和，尚經人心。四海所系，實在於茲。今明公建不世之義，而未為不世之讓，天下惑之，思求所悟。長沙、成都，魯、衛之密，國之親親，與明公計功受賞，尚不自先。今公宜放桓、文之勳，邁臧、劄之風，芻狗萬物，不仁其化，崇親推近，功遂身退，委萬機于二王，命方岳於群後，燿義讓之旗，鳴思歸之鑾，宅大齊之墟，振泱泱之風，垂拱青、徐之域，高枕營丘之籓。金石不足以銘高，八音不足以讚美，姬文不得專聖於前，太伯不得獨賢於後。今明公忘亢極之悔，忽窮高之凶，棄五嶽之安，居累卵之危，外以權勢受疑，內以百揆損神。雖處高臺之上，逍遙重仞之墉，及其危亡之憂，過於潁、翟之慮。群下竦戰，莫之敢言。惠以衰亡之余，遭陽九之運，甘矢石之禍，赴大王之義，脫褐冠胄，從戎于許。契闊戰陣，功無可記，當隨風塵，待罪初服。屈原放斥，心存南郢；樂毅適趙，志戀北燕。況惠受恩，偏蒙識養，雖復暫違，情隆二臣，是以披露血誠，冒昧幹迕。言入身戮，義讓功舉，退就鈇鑕，此惠之死賢於生也。冏不納，亦不加罪。

Sima Jiong only grew more arrogant by the day, and he never did reform his desires.

A former official from the office of Bandit Management, Sun Hui, also wrote a letter to Sima Jiong remonstrating with him. He wrote,

"I have heard that Your Highness has faced five hardships to reach your current position, and I am familiar with four truths about the impermanence of power. Yet Your Highness remains unconcerned about any of these things.

"To set aside your gravity as keeper of your family’s ancestral temple and lay down your majesty of being lord of a domain of a thousand chariots in favor of personally donning armor and helmet and braving risks and facing dangers was the first hardship Your Highness undertook. To muster a band of three hundred fellows, devise plans for decisive and total victory, assemble soldiers from every corner, and gather together brave heroes was the second. To abandon the hallowed halls of your palace and dwell in the wretched conditions of a soldier's tent, peacefully enduring the noise and filth of the camp and sharing the labor and toil of the generals and soldiers was the third. To organize a flock of conscripts, prepare them to resist the fearsome might of the enemy, devise for them genius plans of martial prowess, and temper them with courage and resolve was the fourth. And to send out proclamations in every direction, gain the trust of sworn allies, restore the deposed Emperor to the throne, and revive the imperial fortunes was the fifth.

"At the same time, I observe these truths: even a great reputation cannot ensure one's position, even great merits cannot secure one in office, even great influence cannot be wielded forever, and even great authority cannot be counted to last.

"Yet Your Highness does not recognize the extent of these five hardships you faced to get where you are, nor do you acknowledge these four truths. I cannot help but be concerned for you.

"In the eleven years since the start of the Yongxi era (in 290), there have been no instances of public virtue, but only reports of slaughter. The imperial clan has suffered the disasters of usurpations and struggles for power, and imperial relatives have inflicted punishments and executions against their own flesh and blood; princes have endured the indignities of jail cells and prison carts, and consorts have lamented their fates of being cut off and set aside. Indeed, in all of history, though we read of states that suffered disasters and close relatives that warred among themselves, never has there been a situation as dire as this one. If the historians be honest about our faults, how will our descendants ever bear to read about them?

"Why then has the realm not abandoned Jin, and why has the Mandate not passed from our dynasty? Only because the ruler has not exhibited tyranny and severity and the court has not governed with violence and cruelty, because of the enduring grace of Emperor Wu and the lasting love of Prince Xian (Sima You). It was their sage benevolence and their kindly magnanimity which bound the hearts of the people toward Jin. And these are the things which secure the support of all those within the Four Seas.

"Now although Your Highness displayed an unparalleled sense of righteousness when you led your uprising against the usurper, still you have failed to show an equivalent sense of peerless virtue by yielding your position afterwards. The realm wonders at the reasons for this, and they seek an answer. Furthermore, the Princes of Changsha (Sima Ai) and Chengdu (Sima Ying) have the same close bond to one another as the ancient lords of Lu and Wey, they are the immediate family members of the Emperor (as his younger brothers), and when one considers whom among the three of you accomplished the most during the recent campaign and deserved the greatest rewards, it is difficult to be certain that Your Highness has an undisputed claim to supremacy. By continuing what you are currently doing, Your Highness will be giving up the good achievements of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin when they selflessly rescued the royal family of Zhou from peril, and treading the same path as Zang and Zha instead. Straw dogs and all the beings of creation are not treated any differently out of any consideration of benevolence.

"Your Highness should honor your relatives and yield in favor of those near in stature to you, considering that your work is complete and withdrawing from the center. Entrust affairs to the two Princes, while you supervise the heirs of the various feudal lords. Display the banner of your righteous intention to yield power and sound the call of your wish to return to your noble fief, dwell within your domain as lord of the great Qi region, catch the spirit of the billowing wind, take the areas of Qingzhou and Xuzhou into your hands, and stand proud at your post at Yingqiu. If you do these things, then even gold will not be a good enough medium to record the greatness of your achievements and even the Eight Sounds will not be sufficient tunes to sing your praises; Ji Wen (King Wen of Zhou) would no longer have the sole claim for sagacity, nor Taibo for worthiness.

"But if you forget the dangers of the great precipice you are standing upon and heedlessly ascend towards the summit, you would be abandoning the security of the Five Peaks and making your position as precarious as a stack of eggs. Without, your power and authority would invite suspicion, and within, your reputation among the officials would suffer. Even if you were to venture to the top of a high terrace or seclude yourself behind rows of walls, I would still presume to fear for your safety, even more now than at the time of Yingchuan and Yangdi (during the uprising). Your subordinates quiver with fear for you, but none dare say a word.

"Now who am I, Sun Hui, to tell you these things? Nothing but a sad remnant in fact. But inviting the onset of calamity and welcoming the perils of the slings and arrows, I once rushed to Your Highness's righteous call; casting aside my common clothes and putting on my helmet, I followed your army to Xu (Xuchang). Of great and glorious deeds in the line of battle, I have none to claim. Yet I followed you through the wind and dust of those days, and I am prepared to receive punishment in addressing you now. Though Qu Yuan was exiled, his heart was always with Ying in the south; though Yue Yi fled to Zhao, his thoughts were always with Yan in the north. Can it be any different with me, who has received your grace and was blessed with your recognition and your care? Though it may seem that I go against your wishes, I am your man through and through; I am baring my flesh to show the sincerity of my blood, and it is thus that I offer you such unpalatable advice. Having presented my words, I am prepared for my punishment. If by writing these things I can convince you to righteously yield power and to secure your achievements, I go to the chopping block willingly, for it would be a worthy end to my life."

Though Sima Jiong did not accept Sun Hui's advice, neither did he punish him.

翊軍校尉李含奔于長安，詐云受密詔，使河間王顒誅冏，因導以利謀。顒從之，上表曰：王室多故，禍難罔已。大司馬冏雖唱義有興復皇位之功，而定都邑，克寧社稷，實成都王勳力也。而冏不能固守臣節，實協異望。在許昌營有東西掖門，官置治書侍御史，長史、司馬直立左右，如侍臣之儀。京城大清，篡逆誅夷，而率百萬之眾來繞洛城。阻兵經年，不一朝覲，百官拜伏，晏然南面。壞樂官市署，用自增廣。輒取武庫秘杖，嚴列不解。故東萊王蕤知其逆節，表陳事狀，而見誣陷，加罪黜徙。以樹私黨，僭立官屬。幸妻嬖妾，名號比之中宮。沈湎酒色，不恤群黎。董艾放縱，無所畏忌，中丞按奏，而取退免。張偉惚恫，擁停詔可，葛旟小豎，維持國命。操弄王爵，貨賂公行。群奸聚黨，擅斷殺生。密署腹心，實為貨謀。斥罪忠良，伺窺神器。臣受重任，蕃衛方嶽，見冏所行，實懷激憤。即日翊軍校尉李含乘驛密至，宣騰詔旨。臣伏讀感切，五情若灼。《春秋》之義，君親無將。冏擁強兵，樹置私黨，權官要職，莫非腹心。雖復重責之誅，恐不義服。今輒勒兵，精卒十萬，與州征並協忠義，共會洛陽。驃騎將軍長沙王乂，同奮忠誠，廢冏還第。有不順命，軍法從事。成都王穎明德茂親，功高勳重，往歲去就，允合眾望，宜為宰輔，代冏阿衡之任。

The Colonel of 翊軍, Li Han, fled from the capital to Chang'an, the base of the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong. He lied and said he had received a secret edict from Emperor Hui, calling on Sima Yong to punish Sima Jiong, and that Li Han had been sent to Sima Yong to help facilitate the plot.

Sima Yong believed Li Han. He submitted a petition to the court: "The imperial family has suffered from many incidents of late, and disasters and difficulties continue to plague us. Although the Grand Marshal, Sima Jiong, may claim the credit of having called an uprising and restoring the Emperor to the throne, in truth it was thanks to the Prince of Chengdu's efforts that the capital region was pacified and the altars of state were secured. Yet Sima Jiong, not content to observe his proper duties as a minister and subject, has begun to harbor nefarious intentions.

"At Sima Jiong's army camp at Xuchang, he set up eastern and western Ye Gates like one sees at the Emperor's palace, and on his staff there, those whom he appointed as Secretaries of Recordskeeping, as Chief Clerks, or as Marshals all hovered about him with the same ceremony that residents of the palace would show towards the Son of Heaven. During the campaign, although the capital had already been entirely purged and the usurpers and traitors punished before his arrival, Sima Jiong still led an army of a million soldiers to infest the walls of Luoyang. He has kept his troops garrisoned there for an entire year by now. He never attends court, but makes the government ministers bow and perform obeisance before him, while he sits serenely facing south (in imitation of the Emperor). He has torn down buildings of the Music Bureau and the marketplace purely to expand and broaden his own estate. He has helped himself to the stored equipment of the Arsenal, and he has imposed martial law on the city without any sign of lifting restrictions. The former Prince of Donglai, Sima Ruí (Sima Jiong’s elder brother), recognized that Sima Jiong had betrayed his duties, and he presented a petition to the court listing Sima Jiong's offenses, but he was only met with slander and infamy, until he was charged with a crime and suffered demotion and exile. Sima Jiong has presumed to fill the government ministries with his own partisans and minions, and he grants his favored lovers and floozies titles comparable to those used in the Emperor's harem. He freely indulges himself in wine and in sensual pleasures, showing no regard for the common people. He allows his henchman Zong Ai to do whatever he pleases without any hesitation or suspicion, for though the government receives complaints about Zong Ai's behavior, he always gets let off from any charge. He permits a nobody like Zhang Wei to determine whether imperial edicts shall be allowed to go out or not, and he entrusts a miscreant like Ge Yu with control of the state. He hands out noble titles as he pleases, and bribes change hands freely and openly. He surrounds himself with a rogues' gallery, and he makes the call on who will live or who will die. His closest confidantes think only of how to enrich themselves. And he has slandered and punished good and worthy people, while gazing with longing towards the sacred instruments of power.

"I was assigned a serious charge and am responsible for protecting and defending a strategic area of the realm. But as I have witnessed Sima Jiong's actions, I have nursed a sense of righteous indignation. Then this very day, the Colonel of 翊軍, Li Han, secretly came to me by courier horse to present to me the imperial will and decree. When I bowed before him to hear the reading of this edict, which called upon me to raise my banners and turn against my own flesh and blood, my feelings were assailed and all my senses were aflame. And is it not a principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals that one may never war against their liege or their kinfolk? Yet Sima Jiong has a powerful army at his beck and call, he has placed his favorites into positions of power, and not a one of the important offices of state exists but is filled by one of his cronies. So though in turning my sword against Sima Jiong I would be committing a serious crime which deserved death, still I am afraid I could no longer in good conscience accept what he has done.

"Thus I am now marching at the head of a hundred thousand elite soldiers. May the provincial commanders join me in this loyal and righteous cause and combine their forces with mine at Luoyang. I ask that the General of Agile Cavalry and Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, likewise prove his loyalty and sincerity by removing Sima Jiong from power and sending him back to his estate. Anyone who refuses to heed the imperial order shall be dealt with by military law.

"The Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, is wise, virtuous, luxuriant, and friendly; his achievements are lofty and his deeds profound. When he departed the capital last year and yielded his power, he gained the hopes and admiration of all. He is suited to serve as regent over the government. Let him take up the role of A-Heng (Yi Yin) in Sima Jiong's stead."

顒表既至，冏大懼，會百僚曰：「昔孫秀作逆，篡逼帝王，社稷傾覆，莫能禦難。孤糾合義眾，掃除元惡，臣子之節，信著神明。二王今日聽信讒言，造構大難，當賴忠謀以和不協耳。」

When Sima Yong's petition arrived at Luoyang, Sima Jiong was terrified. He summoned the ministers and said to them, "When Sun Xiu plotted his treason before and usurped and oppressed the Emperor and the Princes, the very altar of state was nearly toppled, and no one else was able to stand against such difficulties. I was the one who gathered together soldiers to begin an uprising, and I was the one who swept away and purged the chief evil. I have maintained my duty as a subject and as a son, and the spirits can attest to my trustworthiness. Yet now these two Princes have returned my trust with slander and are causing great trouble. Gentlemen, I shall depend on your loyal advice for how to reconcile with these wayward foes."

司徒王戎、司空東海王越說冏委權崇讓。冏從事中郎葛旟怒曰：「趙庶人聽任孫秀，移天易日，當時喋喋，莫敢先唱。公蒙犯矢石，躬貫甲胄，攻圍陷陣，得濟今日。計功行封，事殷未遍。三臺納言，不恤王事，賞報稽緩，責不在府。讒言僭逆，當共誅討，虛承偽書，令公就第。漢、魏以來，王侯就第甯有得保妻子者乎！議者可斬。」於是百官震悚，無不失色。

The Minister Over The Masses, Wang Rong, and the Minister of Works and Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, advised Sima Jiong to resign his authority and honor the others by yielding his position.

But Sima Jiong's Attendant Officer of the Palace Gentlemen, Ge Yu, angrily told them, "The commoner of Zhao (Sima Lun) heeded and employed Sun Xiu, and he abused his authority; Heaven and Earth themselves changed based purely on his whims. Everyone talked and talked about doing something back then, but no one else dared to speak up first. It was our lord who braved the slings and arrows, personally wearing armor and helmet and attacking the enemy lines and breaking their formations, and who brought us to this happy day. Considering the rewards he has received for all that he has done on behalf of the state, one could argue that he has still not gotten all that he deserves.

"For members of the Three Bureaus to say such things shows how much you disregard the Prince's affairs. It is no fault of his that rewards for others have been slow in coming. Besides, those who speak slander and stir up chaos should all be put to death. How can you heed the empty orders of this presumptuous letter and command our lord to retire to his estate? And through all the time of Han and Wei, what prince or noble that retired to his estate has ever been able to protect his wife and children? Anyone who suggests such a thing out to be beheaded."

The ministers were greatly disturbed and trembling, and all of them turned pale.

長沙王乂徑入宮，發兵攻冏府。冏遣董艾陳兵宮西。乂又遣宋洪等放火燒諸觀閣及千秋、神武門。冏令黃門令王湖悉盜騶虞幡，唱云：「長沙王矯詔。」乂又稱：「大司馬謀反，助者誅五族。」是夕，城內大戰，飛矢雨集，火光屬天。帝幸上東門，矢集御前。群臣救火，死者相枕。明日，冏敗，乂擒冏至殿前，帝惻然，欲活之。乂叱左右促牽出，冏猶再顧，遂斬於閶闔門外，徇首六軍。諸黨屬皆夷三族。幽其子淮陵王超、樂安王冰、濟陽王英于金墉。暴冏屍於西明亭，三日而莫敢收斂。冏故掾屬荀闓等表乞殯葬，許之。

The Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, rushed into the palace, then raised troops to attack Sima Jiong's office. Sima Jiong sent Zong Ai to array troops west of the palace. Sima Ai also sent Song Hong and others to set fire to and burn down the various pavilions and the Qianqiu and Shenwu Gates.

Sima Jiong ordered the Prefect of the Yellow Gate, Wang Hu, to steal all the Zouyu Banners and display them (thus compelling all soldiers to cease fighting) while announcing, "The Prince of Changsha has forged an imperial decree."

But Sima Ai also spread the message, "The Grand Marshal has plotted rebellion, and anyone who helps him will have their families executed to the fifth degree."

That night, there was great fighting within the city; flying arrows poured down like rain, and the glow of the fires outshone the heavens. Emperor Hui was at the Shangdong Gate when a flurry of arrows came his way. His ministers were trying to put out the fires, and they fell down dead in heaps.

By the next day, Sima Jiong had been defeated. Sima Ai brought Sima Jiong to the Front Hall. Emperor Hui, feeling sad for him, wished to let him live, but Sima Ai ordered those around him to lead Sima Jiong away, even as Sima Jiong kept looking back. Sima Ai beheaded Sima Jiong outside the Changhe Gate, and displayed his head to the six armies (of the capital soldiers).

Those who were in league with Sima Jiong were executed with their families to the third degree. The Princes of Huailing, Le'an, and Qiyang, Sima Jiong's sons Sima Chao, Sima Bing, and Sima Yīng, were imprisoned at the Jinyong fortress.

Sima Jiong's body was left publicly exposed at Ximing Terrace, and for three days no one dared to claim the body for burial. Then Sima Jiong's former subordinates, Xun Kai and others, petitioned to be allowed to hold a mourning for Sima Jiong and to bury him, and their request was granted.

初，冏之盛也，有一婦人詣大司馬府求寄產。吏詰之，婦人曰：「我截齊便去耳。」識者聞而惡之。時又謠曰：「著布袙腹，為齊持服。」俄而冏誅。

Earlier, when Sima Jiong had been at his zenith, a woman had visited the Grand Marshal's office to ask for some supplies. When the officials had scolded her, she had said, "I'll just make things nice and tidy and then go." This disturbed some people, for they recognized that the term she had used, 截齊, could be interpreted as "cut down (the Prince of) Qi".

And there had also been a ditty going around: "Wrap the cloth 'round the middle bit, to make it all (or, Qi) nice and fit (or, to submit)." And indeed, it wasn't long before Sima Jiong was executed.

永興初，詔以冏輕陷重刑，前勳不宜堙沒，乃赦其三子超、冰、英還第，封超為縣王，以繼冏祀，曆員外散騎常侍。光熙初，追冊冏曰：「咨故大司馬、齊王冏：王昔以宗籓穆胤紹世，緒于東國，作翰許京，允鎮靜我王室。涎率義徒，同盟觸澤，克成元勳，大濟潁東。朕用應嘉茂績，謂篤爾勞，俾式先典，以疇茲顯懿。廓士殊分，跨兼吳楚，崇禮備物，寵侔蕭、霍，庶憑翼戴之重，永隆邦家之望。而恭德不建，取侮二方，有司過舉，致王於戮。古人有言曰：'用其法，猶思其人。'況王功濟朕身，勳存社稷，追惟既往，有悼於厥心哉！今復王本封，命嗣子還紹厥緒，禮秩典度，一如舊制。使使持節、大鴻臚即墓賜策，祠乙太牢。魂而有靈，祗服朕命，肆寧爾心，嘉茲寵榮。」子超嗣爵。

At the beginning of the Yongxing reign era (305), an edict was issued declaring that Sima Jiong's offenses had not been serious enough to merit the harsh punishment that he had received, and that due to his earlier good deeds, his lineage should not be snuffed out. Thus his three sons Sima Chao, Sima Bing, and Sima Yīng were all pardoned and allowed to return to their estates, and Sima Chao was appointed as Prince of a county in order to continue Sima Jiong's lineage. Sima Chao eventually served as a Cavalier In Regular Attendance Without Assignment.

At the beginning of the Guangxi reign era (306), Sima Jiong was posthumously honored with a decree by Emperor Hui.

"I declare the following regarding the late Grand Marshal and Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong:

"The late Prince might have quietly and meekly inherited the fief which he was due. Yet rather than sequester himself in his eastern domain (at Qi), he sent forth his proclamation from Xujing (Xu or Xuchang), and fully acted to protect our royal family and quell the disturbance of the imperial household. Zealously leading forth his followers for a righteous cause and forging an alliance at Lake Chu, he achieved successes and performed the greatest of deeds, and was very accomplished at Yingdong (eastern Yingchuan?). I ought to have responded to these things with congratulations for his exceptional performance, thanking him for his loyal and faithful service, and honoring him according to the ancient standards, thereby ensuring and glorifying his legacy. He ought to have been granted a fief even grander than those once held by Han's Princes of Wu and Chu, and he ought to have been honored with such exceptional courtesy and respect that he would have rivaled the favor enjoyed by Xiao He or Huo Guang. The great assistance and protection which he provided us entitled him to the everlasting admiration of the royal clan and the state.

"Yet the Prince failed to practice virtue, he incurred the enmity of two of his peers, the officials pressed him for his faults, and in the end he was executed. The ancients had a saying: 'Enforce the law, but think of the accused.' How much less can I ignore this sentiment when it was thanks to the Prince's deeds that I remained safe and the fortunes of state were preserved? And how tragic, how heart-rending it seems that only posthumously may his achievements be recognized!

"I hereby restore the Prince to his former title as Prince of Qi, and command that his son and heir be permitted to return and to inherit this title. The salary and privileges, canons and systems associated with the title shall all be as they once were. And I hereby send the Commissioner Bearing Credentials and Grand Diplomat to convey my words to the tomb of the late Prince and to offer a Grand Sacrifice to his spirit. If the dead are still aware of what takes place in this world, then may they take note of my command; may the spirit of the late Prince feel peace in his heart and be joyful of this favor and honor."

Sima Jiong's son Sima Chao thus inherited his title as Prince of Qi.

永嘉中，懷帝下詔，重述冏唱義元勳，還贈大司馬，加侍中、假節，追諡。及洛陽傾覆，超兄弟皆沒于劉聰，冏遂無後。太元中，詔以故南頓王宗子柔之襲封齊王，紹攸、冏之祀，曆散騎常侍。元興初，會稽王道子將討桓玄，詔柔之兼侍中，以騶虞幡宣告江、荊二州，至姑孰，為玄前鋒所害。贈光祿勳。子建之立。宋受禪，國除。

During the Yongjia reign era (307-311), Emperor Huai also issued an edict which again praised Sima Jiong for having the chief accomplishment of having sounded the call to rise up against Sima Lun. Emperor Huai posthumously restored Sima Jiong's rank as Grand Marshal, and he also appointed him as a Palace Attendant and a Credential Bearer and gave him his posthumous name (Wumin).

When Luoyang fell (to Han-Zhao, in 311), Sima Chao and his brothers were all lost to Liu Cong, leaving Sima Jiong without any descendants.

During the Taiyuan reign era (376-396), Emperor Xiaowu issued an edict appointing Sima Rouzhi, the son of the late Prince of Nandun, Sima Zong, as Prince of Qi in order to continue Sima You's and Sima Jiong's lineage. Sima Rouzhi rose in office as high as Cavalier In Regular Attendance. At the beginning of the Yuanxing reign era (402), when the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi, was about to campaign against the rebel general Huan Xuan, an edict was issued appointing Sima Rouzhi as a Palace Attendant, and he was sent out with the Zouyu Banners to command the soldiers of Jiangzhou and Jingzhou (under Huan Xuan's command) to stand down. But when Sima Rouzhi came to Gushu, he was killed by Huan Xuan's vanguard. He was posthumously appointed as Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household.

Sima Rouzhi's son Sima Jianzhi inherited the title Prince of Qi. But after Liu Yu accepted the abdication of the Jin dynasty and established the Song dynasty (in 420), Sima Jianzhi's fief was abolished.

鄭方者，字子回，慷慨有志節，博涉史傳，卓犖不常，鄉閭有識者歎其奇，而未能薦達。及冏輔政專恣，方發憤步詣洛陽，自稱荊楚逸民，獻書於冏曰：「方聞聖明輔世，夙夜祗懼，泰而不驕，所以長守貴也。今大王安不慮危，耽于酒色，燕樂過度，其失一也。大王檄命，當使天下穆如清風，宗室骨肉永無纖介，今則不然，其失二也。四夷交侵，邊境不靜，大王自以功業興隆，不以為念，其失三也。大王興義，群庶競赴，天下雖甯，人勞窮苦，不聞大王振救之令，其失四也。又與義兵歃血而盟，事定之後，賞不逾時，自清泰已來，論功��分，此則食言，其失五也。大王建非常之功，居宰相之任，謗聲盈塗，人懷忿怨，方以狂愚，冒死陳誠。」冏含忍答之云：「孤不能致五闕，若無子，則不聞其過矣。」未幾而敗焉。

Zheng Fang was styled Zihui. He was a passionate man with a sense of duty and ambition, and he waded through and absorbed all the Histories and Annals. He was exceptionally talented and zealous, and those in his district who knew him all sighed in admiration of how much he stood out. Yet he never held office, because there was no one able to recommend him.

When Sima Jiong held power over the government and abused his authority, Zheng Fang was so moved with indignation that he set out by foot to visit Luoyang. Styling himself a wanderer from Jing and Chu, he presented a letter to Sima Jiong.

"I have heard that when the sage and wise steer the affairs of the age, day and night they are always careful and cautious, nor do they get carried away in their joy. Thus do they preserve and defend their honor. Yet you, Great Prince, are currently relaxed and not thinking of any danger, sinking into the depravity of wine and sensual pleasures and overindulging yourself in feasting and music; this is your first fault. You ought to be as respectful to the realm as the pure wind, and there should not be the slightest distance between yourself and your kinfolk and your flesh and blood, yet there currently is; this is your second fault. The barbarians are pressing in from every side and the borders are unstable, yet you consider that you have already accomplished enough and you take no notice of these things; this is your third fault. When you launched your uprising, all the people rushed to your banner, yet although there is now peace in the realm, the people continue to suffer endlessly, and I have heard nothing of any orders from you on how their burdens might be lifted; this is your fourth fault. And you made a covenant with blood-smeared lips and pledged to those that supported you in your uprising that after things had been completed, rewards would not be slow in coming, yet although the evil has already been purged, there have been no discussions of merit or distributions of rewards; you have eaten your words, and this is your fifth fault.

"Great Prince, you have achieved uncommon deeds, and you now occupy the role of chief minister of the state. Yet you allow slander and rumor to swirl around you and you do nothing while people bear anger and hatred against you. Though it be rash and foolish of me, still I would risk death to demonstrate my sincerity to you."

Sima Jiong bit his tongue and only responded, "I had no idea of my five shortcomings. If not for you, Sir, I would never have heard of them."

It was not long before Sima Jiong was destroyed.

史臣曰：冏名父之子，唱義勤王，摧偽業于既成，拯皇輿於已墜，策勳考績，良足可稱。然而臨禍忘憂，逞心縱欲，曾不知樂不可極，盈難久持，笑古人之未工，忘己事之已拙。向若采王豹之奇策，納孫惠之嘉謀，高謝袞章，永表東海，雖古之伊、霍，何以加焉！

The Historian's Appraisal: Sima Jiong was the son of a famous father, he sounded the call to rise up and rallied the Princes to his banner, he smashed Sima Lun's false designs and kept them from fruition, and he rescued Emperor Hui from falling into oblivion. Truly his actions and deeds were excellent and worthy of praise. Yet afterwards, when he himself stood at the brink of destruction, he failed to heed the danger, but only indulged his heart's desires and did whatever he wished. Did he not know that pleasure cannot go unbridled, or a host of difficulties left unchecked? Was it not ironic that he mocked the ancients who never finished their work, not realizing that his own achievements had been undone? If only he had plucked out the fine plan offered by Wang Bao or accepted the good advice provided by Sun Hui, by magnanimously yielding his imperial splendor at the capital and going out to his fief on the Eastern Sea, where his lineage might have endured! If he had done that, could even Yi Yin or Huo Guang have surpassed him?

贊曰：偉哉武閔！首創宏謨。德之不建，良可悲夫！

Crown Prince Li Xian of Tang's Appraisal:

Pity the magnificent Prince Wumin!

His deeds were bold, his plans so keen!

Alas, his virtues he did not keep

And thus for this good man we weep.

#Sima Jiong #Eight Princes #War of the Eight Princes #Book of Jin #Jinshu #Jin Dynasty #Western Jin #Chinese History #China

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chicagochinesenews · 2 years

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芝加哥雙胞胎兄弟承認為大毒梟藏匿數百萬美元

（芝加哥時報/快訊）芝加哥雙胞胎兄弟的兄弟佩德羅·弗洛雷斯(Pedro Flores)和馬加里托·弗洛雷斯(Margarito Flores)曾是芝加哥的大毒梟,2008年，他們自首後坦承將毒品藏在了德克薩斯州。這對雙胞胎在芝加哥小村長大，因走私至少71噸毒品(主要是可卡因，也有海洛因)而服刑，並為墨西哥毒品頭目華金·“矮子”古茲曼·洛埃拉(Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman)藏匿數百萬美元。 (more…)

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captainjajajthings · 3 years

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湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出原創2021-09-24 14:41·八點鐘史紀

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

原創2021-09-24 14:41·八點鐘史紀

2011年10月5日上午9點時，有兩艘大船徐徐行進在湄公河上。

突然，後方有兩只武裝快艇趕上了他們，還分別搭在了兩只行船的“肩膀上”，仿佛在稱兄道弟，是他們的左膀右臂一般。隨後，有七八名武裝分子從小小的快艇爬到了兩艘大船上。

這一切，被跟隨在後方的“華鑫6號”的船員看在眼裏。

當天上午十二點，輪船的廣播中突然傳出了船長的呼救聲：“我們的船隻被人挾持了，現在在吊車碼頭，聽到的人趕快報警，呼叫救護車前來，這邊有人受傷了！”

當聽到廣播的人再次呼叫過去之後，那邊就失去了消息，再也沒有了回應......

當地警方迅速前往吊車碼頭，呈現在他們面前的是一副慘不忍睹的形象：兩艘船上的船員已經杳無音信，船長的駕駛室裏滿是槍孔和血跡，唯一發現的一具遺體也面目全非，無法辨認。除此之外，在大船上還發現了大量的毒品......

時隔兩天後，警方又在碼頭上發現了另外兩具遺體，一具手被鐐銬鎖著，頭部與腹部中槍，死前遭受了折磨；另一具則是眼睛和嘴巴被封住，在頸部有一道致命的刀痕，身上依舊槍孔密佈……這便是舉世震驚的湄公河慘案。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

（注：打撈遇難中國船員遺體）

湄公河，號稱無政府管轄的“金三角”地帶，這一地區之前毒梟橫行，亂事不斷。那麼，在當天9點至12點這三個小時內，究竟發生了什麼？這次慘案的發生，究竟是毒梟分贓不均的火拼行為？還是另有隱情？兇手們最終結局如何？

震驚中外的 “湄公河慘案”

湄公河慘案中被劫持的兩艘船隻，一只是中國的“華平號”，另一只是緬甸的“玉興8號”。劫持的過程，被跟隨在後方距離較遠的“華鑫6號”目睹。

據“華鑫6號”上的船員回憶，在十月五號上午十一點左右，他看到有兩條快艇押解著兩條運輸船，但是��於距離相隔太遠，看不清楚駕駛的人是誰。到了下午13點，泰國軍方接受到有毒品販賣入境的線索，開始加強了巡查與監管力度。

巡邏艇在湄公河上發現了當事運輸船，從外觀上看，船上運輸的只是一些稀疏平常的水果，但有巡邏員注意到，負責看守這些水果貨物的人並不像是水手！

於是，巡邏艇下令上船查看貨物。誰知，這兩艘運輸船在接到命令後，不僅沒停下來接受檢查，反而加快行駛速度逃離警方的追查，甚至還與軍方的人進行了交火。最終，涉事船隻沒能被堵截成功。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

時隔兩天後，也就是10月7號，警方在吊車碼頭發現了兩具被摧殘折磨過的遺體：身上滿是傷口，手上帶著鐐銬，嘴巴和眼睛被膠帶封著，身上各有一處致命傷。10月8號，當地警方在湄公河地區又打撈到9具穿著中國船員衣服的遺體，他們身上同樣是傷痕累累，彈痕密佈。10月10號，在湄公河水域又發現了一具中國船員的遺體。

經過我國雲南省外事交通、公安等方面確認，這次案情一共有13名中國船員遇難。

由於案發地點位置複雜，情況比較特殊，泰國和緬甸的軍方各執一詞，泰國方為了推卸責任，在媒體上甚至報導說，這是中國船隻在販賣毒品過程中進行的火拼行為。然而，這一理論經不起推敲，對方將人殺害棄屍河中的做法顯然不是這樣，他們的“甩鍋”行為不攻自破。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

進展艱難的案情

不管泰國方如何推諉抵賴，我國審查人員的立場從沒有改變過:我國同胞在境外遭受這樣的處境，一定要查明事情原委，將案件兇手逮捕歸案，還原事情真相，給受害者家屬和這件事情關注人員一個交代！

按照公約和法律，出事船隻只在中國境內進行了註冊，懸掛的也是中國國旗，因此對案件擁有管轄的權利。但慘案發生的地方在緬甸、泰國和老撾三方交界地帶，各國的軍方和犯罪勢力交織在一起，關係無比混亂，想要查清楚這件事情，遇到的困難也可想而知。

中國外交部首先行動起來，先對中國駐泰國大使館發佈指示，要求他們迅速查明當地情況，做好善後工作，加強對湄公河海域中國船員的保護工作，其他相關機構也迅速行動起來。

在10月13日，遇難船員的29名家屬從我國雲南境內出發，前往泰國地區辨認親人遺體，為死者進行追悼和弔唁，14日安排家屬返航。

10月16日，由雲南省外事和公安、交通等部門，聯合泰國方對遇害船隻進行首次調研工作，隨後與泰國方進行了相關問題討論的座談會，瞭解案情情況和進展，督促泰國方能夠儘快偵破案件。

10月28日，警方首先鎖定了9名犯罪嫌疑人，而這些嫌疑人，居然是泰國第三軍區的士兵。接著，我方與泰國方通電話表示，要求泰國方加緊處理案件，中老緬泰能夠成立合作機構，共同維護海域的安全。隨後中方成立了專案組，先後十餘次向泰方警方瞭解案情。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

（注：《湄公河行動》劇中的中國警方）

經過大量的篩選和排查後證實，兩艘行駛的商船在該河段是被不法分子非法劫持，並且在船上放置了槍支和毒品進行栽贓陷害。經過進一步的分析，將目標鎖定在了“金三角”地區大型犯罪集團：糯康組織。

糯康組織的形成，借了“世界第一毒梟”坤沙得勢。坤沙死後，糯康，這個濃眉捲髮的緬甸國籍的年輕人從坤沙手下上位，還爬上了“金三角教父”的座位。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

為了拿到糯康集團的犯罪證據，專案組對糯康集團的成立、發展、以及從事的犯罪活動等，做了全面又詳細的調查，而這一番核實，就花費了近十天的時間。隨後，專案組又同地方機構進行了對接，獲取了泰國方現場勘查報告，驗屍報告等十幾份材料，四百多頁和兩百多張照片。作為交換，中方也為其他國家提供了六百頁的證據材料，以及近百萬字的審核報告。

如此多的檔要審閱，如此多的材料要研究，專案民警們每天看這些東西就要看到淩晨一兩點。為了能夠早日破解案件，專案組裏的一些警官十個月都沒有回國一次，有得錯過了親人的離開，有人也沒能迎接自己孩子的出生……

經過仔細勘查，終於發現了案件發生的緣由，也就是常說的作案動機。糯康集團曾經向中國的客商收取“保護費”，但是遭到中國客商的拒絕，曾經緬甸的軍隊在清剿糯康集團時還徵用過中國的商船，打死了糯康集團的一些弟兄，因此他們懷恨在心，想要對中國船隻進行報復。他們不僅勾結了泰國一些不法軍人，還從他們那裏獲得了海域進出許可權以及槍支彈藥的支援，與他們共同謀劃了栽贓中國船隊販毒，並且讓泰國那些不法軍人查出領功，可謂一舉兩得。

案件明晰之後，剩下的活動便是對犯罪集團的抓捕與審訊，但是由於犯罪嫌疑人的狡猾，抓捕的行動遭受到了不小的阻礙。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

c任你狡兔三窟，我們依舊是猛虎

糯康在金三角地區經營多年，可謂強力的“地頭蛇”，還非常狡猾。他很少暴露在公共視野中，就算是集團內部也很少有人見到他，聞其名不見其人。湄公河案件發生後，他通過消息知道上面在嚴厲追查這件事情，他也不敢在原來緬甸地區的指揮部多待，而是不斷地在緬甸、老撾和泰國三個地區不斷遊走，誰也不能確定他到底在哪里。

面對這樣狡猾又棘手的敵人，我們的專案組愈戰愈勇，與敵人鬥智鬥勇，最終取得不錯的成效。據專案組組長劉躍進回饋，糯康是在他逃跑的途中抓獲的，而在此之前，專案組有好幾次都查到了糯康所在的位置，只不過抓獲前總有人通風報信，使其逃脫。

糯康能夠在當地混得風生水起，遲遲不能被抓獲，與其手段是分不開的。為了能夠在當地順利發展，找到自己的遮蔽傘，得到當地居民的支持，他花費重金賄賂了當地的軍人，基層幹部，還與當地的普通人稱兄道弟，異常親近。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

（注：劇中糯康集團的小弟）

當專案組人員到達糯康所藏匿的村莊、並將村莊包圍時，村民卻極其不配合，對抓捕行動造成了極大的阻礙。為了針對糯康的這種“龜縮”行為，專案組的同志調整了抓捕的策略，不把一次次抓捕當做目前的重點，而是把重點放在了壓榨糯康的生存空間上，縮小其活動範圍。

湄公河案��後，糯康基本上待在自己的大營裏不出來。為了將其從大本營中趕出來，中方聯合緬甸方軍隊，多次對其大本營地區進行圍剿行動，意圖將其趕出大本營，方便捉拿。終於，在2012年4月28日這一天，糯康和他的兩名心腹手下計畫逃離緬甸，前往老撾避難。得到消息後，中方聯合老撾方鋪設下了一場天羅地網，捕捉行動就此開始。

當天，糯康三人從水路上岸，在老撾地區的一個小村莊裏面剛現身，就被員警發現，三人落荒而逃，逃跑過程中還與員警發生了火力衝突，但最終被抓獲了。而糯康也被移交給了中國警方進行處理。就這樣，一代毒梟落網了。

隨著糯康等人的落網，糯康所屬的團隊群龍無首，土崩瓦解，警方陸續又抓到了一些犯罪分子，糯康集團就此落幕。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

（注：糯康）

審訊，糯康最後的掙扎

糯康被抓捕後，還在試圖反抗，為了逃避責任，他在審訊的時候經常裝瘋賣傻，甚至有時候還裝死。但是他的所作所為，依舊掩飾不了他犯下的滔天罪行。

在審訊其他相關人員時候，他們爆出了一些消息。湄公河案件的實施者是集團四號人物，而恰好這時候這名四號人物帶著手下向軍方投降，並且詳細交代了計畫制定與實行的全部流程，指控了糯康的行為。這下就算糯康再想裝傻也不行了。

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9月20日上午，昆明市法院對涉案人員進行了審訊。依據檢察院指控，6人由於涉嫌故意殺人罪、綁架罪、販毒罪以及搶劫罪等罪名，有13名證人提供證詞，證實其犯罪事實，糯康6人也表示認罪。

法院對待他們一視同仁，依舊採用了現場翻譯與同聲傳達的方式讓他們參與訴訟。在庭審的過程中，糯康多次表示自己願意用3000萬泰銖來進行賠償，希望能夠得到從寬處罰。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

2012年11月6日，法院對六人行為進行了一審宣判，依故意殺人罪、搶劫罪、販毒罪等多重罪名，判處糯康、依萊等人死刑；以故意殺人罪，搶劫罪，販毒罪等判處紮西卡和紮波死刑，緩期兩年執行；以搶劫罪判處紮拖波八年有期徒刑。除此之外，還要求六名被告人賠償原告人600萬人民幣作為撫恤金。

2012年12月20日，法院進行了二審，12月26日時維持一審的宣判。

當糯康知道自己的死刑確定的時候，情緒呈現明顯波動，血壓一度升高，異常焦慮。他希望寬恕的願望很強烈，也多次向管教民警提出，希望給他改過的機會。哪怕在聽到法官的複裁核定時，他依舊負隅頑抗，還說自己有認罪賠償的表現，態度好，希望寬大處理，並表示自己有十幾個孩子，想要見一見他們。

當桑康等幾名罪犯知道結果已經無法改變後，寫了遺書，留下了遺物，有的會見了家屬。而糯康則相反，並沒有寫下遺書，也未委託民警轉達隻言片語。

湄公河慘案主犯糯康，得知自己被判死刑時，裝瘋賣傻，醜態百出

那麼，在臨刑前一天晚上，他們又是如何度過的？按照規定，出於人道主義，罪犯在行刑前如果有什麼合理的特殊要求，看守所會儘量滿足。糯康仿佛沒意識到自己死期將近，沒有提出什麼要求，直到前一天的下午。

3月1月的前一天下午，糯康洗完澡後回到了看守所，桌子上擺著一些水果和香煙，這時候他才發現將有什麼特別的事情發生，為了讓他心理不緊張，看守所的員警一直在和他聊天。糯康整個晚上每隔十幾分鐘就要去一次廁所，他的這一行為也給員警同志帶來了莫大的壓力。

第二天，法院的車陸續駛進看守所，眾人被押赴刑場，而那一天的太陽仿佛格外的明亮，去除世間黑暗面，將光亮照向人心。

2013年3月1日這一天，糯康等人在昆明市執行了死刑，這一案件由此結束了尾聲……

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herbiemikeadamski · 2 years

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. (^o^)／おはよー(＾▽＾)ｺﾞｻﾞｲﾏｰｽ(^_-)-☆. . . 1月4日(火)　#先勝(丁巳) 旧暦 12/2　月齢 1.4　年始から4日目に当たり、年末まであと361日（閏年では362日）です。 . . 朝は希望に起き⤴️昼は努力に生き💪 夜を感謝に眠ろう😪💤夜が来ない朝はありませんし、朝が来ない夜はない💦睡眠は明日を迎える為の ☀️未来へのｽﾀｰﾄです🏃‍♂💦 でお馴染みのRascalでございます😅. . いよいよ10連休も最終日ﾃﾞｽ😅💦 長かったけど「あっという間」ﾃﾞｽ。今日から仕事始めの方はｺﾞｸﾛｳｻﾏ🙏 官公庁が今日からですからね😅💦 私は、もう一日猶予がある🤣😆🤣 . 昨日は、この休み中で唯一のｵﾃﾞｶｹ。ってか初詣ぐらいしなきゃってんで昨年は、4日より仕事でしたし何でか初詣もしない一年を過ごし散々だったので今年はってんで行って . 来ました🤣😆🤣もう二年ぐらい来てないかな？この界隈も随分、変わった✋帰りにﾒｶﾞﾈの調子が悪いのでｻﾝｼｬｲﾝ60まで超久々に行ったら、こっちも酷く様変わりに驚愕。 . ここでも町が崩壊して行くのかって落胆してしまいました⤵️⤵️⤵️ ｡｡｡＿|￣|○...とっくにﾗﾝﾄﾀｲﾑも過ぎてるし、こっちも久々の本店w ｲﾔｲﾔ大勝軒ですよ✋閉まってた⤵️ . これは、もう滝野川店の行くしかってんで行き、然程、待たされず入れて良かった＼(^O^)／ﾜｰｲ! ｶﾗｽﾐに腸詰にﾁｬｰｼｭｰﾒﾝﾏにﾋﾞｰﾙで喉を潤しｵﾏｹにﾜｲﾝまで堪能した💦 . 家に戻るなり19時半にﾊﾞﾀﾝｷｭｰ⤵️ 2021-2022の冬期休暇はこんな具合で最期は少しだけ楽しめたかな😅💦明治神宮の飲食店やら正月三が日はお休みって💢💢💢 . 今日一日どなた様も💁‍♂お体ご自愛なさって❤️お過ごし下さいませ🙋‍ ﾓｳ!頑張るしか✋はない！ｶﾞﾝﾊﾞﾘﾏｼｮｳ＼(^O^)／ﾜｰｲ! ✨本日もご安全に参りましょう✌️ . . ■今日は何の日■. #国際電話開通記念日. 1948年に日本とｱﾒﾘｶの間で国際電話が開通。　当時の国際電話は、受付窓口に電話をかけ、かけたい相手の電話番号を伝えてつないでもらう「交換台経由接続」の形式でした。　 . 　国際電話（こくさいでんわ）とは、国外との間で電話による通話を行う事。国内通話でも、海外を経由した通話もこれに含まれる。特に携帯電話にかける場合、ｱｸｾｽﾁｬｰｼﾞの内外価格差により海外を経由したほうが安くなる事もある。 . #官公庁御用始め. 　官庁で年末年始の休みが明けて、その年の最初の事務を執ること。　1873(明治6)年から、官公庁は12月29日から1月3日までを休暇とすることが��律で定められており、4日が仕事始めとなります。　通常は1月4日ですが、土曜日・日曜日の場合は直後の月曜日となります。 . #取引所大発会. 　証券取引所での新年初めての立ち会い。この日は午前中(前場)で取引を終了します。　かつては1月6日でしたが、証券業界の業績不振から少しでも営業日数を増やすために大納会が12月28日から30日へ、大発会が1月6日から4日へ変更されました。　1月4日が土・日曜日の場合は、その直後の営業日となります。 . #先勝（ｻｷｶﾞﾁ、ｾﾝｶﾁ、ｾﾝｼｮｳ）. 陰陽道(おんみょうどう)の六曜日の一つ。この日は勝負ごと、訴訟や急用などに運がよいとされ、早い時刻ほど良くとされ、午後は凶になるなどの俗信がある。　寝坊は、もっての他とされますね😅💦 . #石の日(#ストーンズデー). . #金の鯱鉾の日（#金のしゃちほこの日）. . #梟首刑（#晒し首）を廃止（#獄門刑）. . #毒入りコーラ事件（第一の事件は東京）. . #レッスルキングダム. . #みたらしだんごの日（毎月3～5日）. . #ミャンマー独立記念日. . #世界点字デー (#世界盲人連合). . . ■今日のつぶやき■. #志ある者は事竟に成る【解説】しっかりとした志（ｺｺﾛｻﾞｼ）を持って居る者は、困難（ｺﾝﾅﾝ）や挫折（ｻﾞｾﾂ）があってもかならず乗り越えて、最後には成し遂げる事を云う。 . . 1953(昭和)年12月4日(日)　#三浦浩一　（#みうらこういち）　【俳優】　〔鹿児島県〕 . . (牧野記念庭園) https://www.instagram.com/p/CYSH8otBNUdnFMD_ImO0jjOFNe7Maz4K9kdqIQ0/?utm_medium=tumblr

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missmiumiu · 3 years

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[20201124] 幫送安家費毒梟御用律師判刑

律師李柏杉多次替製毒集團辯護，竟趁律見幫毒梟傳話給收押犯嫌，表示若一肩扛，可獲安家費，後因沒如數給付遭舉發。檢方查出李還替其他製毒集團傳話，讓罹癌製毒師扛下所有的罪責，行徑宛如台版毒梟影集。士林地院判決，李犯使人犯隱蔽罪判徒刑8月、2個非公務員洩密罪，併判徒刑8月，得易科罰金72萬元，可上訴。

據了解，42歲李柏杉受委任案，7成以上都是毒品案，宛如毒梟御用律師，現仍執業。2017年間，檢警破獲陳銘輔販毒集團，陳逃亡遭通緝，旗下洪姓男子遭收押。李接受委任，7天10次前往看守所律見並傳話給洪，只要扛下製毒罪行不供出陳，每月可獲3萬安家費。

洪考量大陸籍妻子沒工作，坦承自己製毒，直至解除禁見，妻說每月只拿到2萬多，氣得洪要求一次拿300萬，卻遭藉故拒絕，洪解除委任，寫信檢舉稱，「律師每次見面，不是討論案情，而是轉達幕後主嫌口諭，要我擔下所有罪行。」

檢方查出另一件新北市山區製毒案，被收押的賴姓製毒師患口腔癌，李再次以替首腦傳話，要他一肩扛；同時告訴出律師費的共犯，「不用擔心，沒人指認你」，共犯即辯稱只租屋給賴，不知他製毒。

李向檢方坦承，將賴的供述，內容包括受「大哥」指使製毒，查獲「製毒筆記」等內容洩漏給集團共犯。判決指出，李的行為已妨礙偵查，逾越擔任辯護人是要保障被告訴訟權得以合法行使的範圍，依法判刑。

0 notes

774 · 9 months

Quote

斬首刑の後、死体を試し斬りに使い、刎ねた首を獄門台に載せて3日間（2晩）見せしめとして晒しものにする公開処刑の刑罰。梟首（きょうしゅ）、晒し首ともいう。付加刑として財産は没収され、死体の埋葬や弔いも許されなかった。こうした刑罰は平安時代後期から存在し、平安京の左右にあった獄の門前に斬首された罪人の首を晒したことが「獄門」の語源であるといわれている。また当時は斬首した首をただ晒すだけでなく、矛で貫いて京中の大路を練り歩くことも行われたという。以後も同様の刑罰は存在したが、本格的に刑法体系に取り入れたのは江戸幕府であったとされている。獄門の刑罰を科される犯罪は、強盗殺人、主人の親類の殺害、地主や家主の殺害、偽の秤や枡の製造などであった。また獄門に市中引き回しが付与されることもあった（“市中引き回しの上、打首獄門”。獄門が晒し首を意味するので、これにさらに「晒し首」と追加するのは誤り）。

獄門 - Wikipedia

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iseilio-blog · 3 years

Text

異域

一個中階將校的回憶

在我們被扣留的一段時間內我深切的體會到「度日如年」

這句話的份量，只有身臨其境的人，才能體會出它深刻的

含意。我整天都在恐懼中，每一個在門外響起的腳步聲都使

我發抖。我睡不著，剛闔上眼便被猛烈的心跳驚醒。我在

斗室裡徘迴著，思念我的妻子與兩個孩子。她和我結褵十年，

她是一個嬌小的南方女兒。我雖然轉戰南北，但總沒有讓她

受苦。我不禁想到我死了之後，她和孩子將怎麼活下去，她

是不是要攜著兒女，哀哀討乞？還是被解回她從沒有回去過的

我的故鄉，受那些瘋狂的人審判？我哭了；一個中年人是不

容易哭的，但我竟忍不住擺在眼前的生離死別。p . 3

我被他們嚴刑拷打是被扣三天後的事。一直到今天我都記得

很清楚，那一天是十二月十三日，黃昏之後，我被帶進一間

房間，一個穿中山裝的人，是的，一個穿中山裝的人，天會

詛咒他，他褻瀆了那有著嚴肅意義的服裝。他像禮賓司的官員

迎接一個國王似的迎接我，熱情的握著我的手。

「這是誤會，將軍！」

他口中的將軍充滿了敬意，我老老實實的告訴他，我說我只是

中校。

「簽吧，克保兄！」他溫和的叫我。

（ “末代皇帝” 電影中的一個場景，可能就是參考了上面這一段。）

我不答話，於是便像一條狗一樣的被他們打下窄凳，在地上

滾來滾去，鞭子、皮靴，和種種咒罵。我最後惓伏到牆角，用

我的背抵抗他們的撻擊，我的背就是那時被打傷的，我哭叫著，

每一次鞭子打下，我都哀號一聲，當我受不住的時候，我用頭

猛撞，我希望我撞死。世界上有一種比死更可怕的東西，那就是

嚴刑拷打，但他們不能讓我死，他們把我拉到屋子當中，打一回

問一回，我爬到地下，昏迷不醒。p . 5、7

二十六軍，共六萬餘人，那時候的士氣十分高昂，武器精良，

雖然只剩下小小一片河山，局勢還大有可為。可是往往事與

願違，一連串令人回想起來都要痛苦的不幸事件，使我們轉攻

為守，轉守為退，以後便一瀉千里的潰敗下去，陷於全軍覆沒。

假定這是氣數，我們復夫何言，假定這不是氣數，我們本身便是

敗軍之將，雖然滿身是血，滿眼是淚，仍不能洗滌面上的羞愧。

我被送到澂江療養。澂江是一個美麗的縣城，妻子和兩個孩子

住在那裡。只是我背部被鞭打的創傷，似乎凝結成一個和背

一樣大小的血笳，兩個兄弟扶著我下車，大家都怔住了。他們

不知道我受過苦刑。同僚們在門口放起鞭炮，四五個朋友送來了

一些酒菜。

這一次家庭團聚，留給我最深刻的印象。就在一個月後，大軍

潰敗，那天晚上在我家為我舉杯的朋友們，不是被俘，就是

戰死。寫到這裡，我感到無限的惆悵，但我對他們沒有愧疚，

總有那一天我也將戰死，或被殺死，被毒蛇咬死。我會在另

一個世界裡看到我的朋友們，抱著我那兩個孩子，笑臉相迎

我的兩個孩子，他們在一年後，先後走了。一個死在我的懷抱，

一個爬到椰子樹上望父歸來，摔了下來。啊，蒼天！p . 9

元江一戰，應該是在大陸的最後一戰，結局是悲慘的。六萬大軍

（包括第八軍全軍、二十六軍的六分之五）除了李國輝將軍那個

團的一千人外，竟全軍覆沒，屍首和鮮血塞滿了元江，便是鐵石

心腸，回憶起來都會落淚。事到如今我們還能再講什麼？大軍

指揮官與副總司令在元江橋被俘，一年後在昆明被槍斃。當然他們

不是存心如此，我和我的夥伴們每逢談起來，便為兩位將軍哭，

他們把六萬大軍帶到一個可怕的絕地，毫無抵抗的遭受屠戮。

p . 12、16

【緬北歴史】逃往緬甸的國軍殘部，竟締造了金三角罪惡帝國，成了緬甸“土皇帝”，留下6萬後代。#大案紀實 #紀錄片 #大案 #要案 #案件紀實 #大案實錄 #檔案 #案件還原 #緬北 #果敢 #缅北历史 (youtube.com)

孤軍之復國大業／一九四九大撤退／孤軍、馬幫、坤沙軍／泰皇的英雄【@ebcapocalypse 】復刻版第99集｜洪培翔 - YouTube

【邊城啟示錄】│泰北孤軍等待50年，一直未能反攻大陸;他們生長在異域的後代該何去何從│李立劭 - YouTube

柏楊《異域》掃射傷害大李彌怒說：我要拿手槍斃了他｜譚兵讀武EP47精華 (youtube.com)

異域鄧克保 http://www.haodoo.net/?M=u&P=A526:6

被遺忘的異域 - 聚焦泰北金三角 - YouTube

金三角第一大毒梟坤沙，以海洛因建國，以海洛因養軍，卻從不向中國大陸販毒。#坤沙#緬北#金三角——持續更新訂閱🔔點讚 - YouTube

金三角毒梟的祖師爺 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-RsPa9srJQ&t=84s

坤沙 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Na0dVm22ZBE

金三角佤邦 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T69eHeWIkcc

缅北佤邦 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mffcZJyabhI

果敢果敢 - YouTube

異域全文 http://www.haodoo.net/?M=u&P=A526:1 井本雄男-參謀 https://iseilio-blog.tumblr.com/post/179669541227 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Mf8zu4g7r0

How To Make Spaghetti and Meatballs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyCRnAZ4eCc

0 notes

generaltaleenemy · 3 years

Text

中菲關係“生變”？菲律賓軍方變臉，杜特爾特明確表態

“忘了人權這回事，我當上總統後，會將所有毒販、搶劫犯、遊手好閒的人全部殺光。”——杜特爾特

4月12日，菲律賓總統杜特爾特終於公開露面了，在此之前，杜特爾特已經“神秘消失”兩週了，菲律賓甚至還傳出他“命喪新加坡”的謠言。這一次，杜特爾特一露面，就直白地放話：“你要是盼我早點死，那還得多禱告禱告。”不改“狠人”本色。

在過去的一年裡，許多網友可能因為杜特爾特狂懟美國，對菲律賓的印象改變了不少。但最近這段時間，大家看新聞會發現，菲律賓不僅和美國重啟了聯合軍演，在南海煽風點火，菲律賓的外長、國防部長在前段時間還頻頻挑釁中國。

大家可能會猜測，中菲關係是不是要發生變化了？杜特爾特是不是要轉變對華政策了？今天我們就來聊一聊這些問題。

杜特爾特——菲律賓“狠人”

說到這幾年中菲關係的變化，離不開菲律賓總統杜特爾特，畢竟在他之前，菲律賓可以說是美國在亞洲的又一個傀儡，不過杜特爾特也不是天然的親華派，只不過他更早認清了美國的真面目而已。

杜特爾特，堪稱“狼人總統”，從上台以來，貼在他身上的標籤，總離不開嗜血、殺人、鐵腕、強硬等詞，甚至在競選總統時，杜特爾特都公開承認：殺人就是他的特色。

作為一個名副其實的“官二代”，杜特爾特的經歷卻十分豐富，打架鬥毆是家常便飯，但沒想到，脾氣如此火爆的一個人，最後卻學了法律，當了檢察官。1986年，杜特爾特接任達沃市代理市長，從此在這個位置上紮根了25年，把一個毒梟橫行、派系林立、民不聊生的“謀殺之城”，變成菲律賓最安全的城市，甚至還能躋身世界前十。

能做到這種程度，自然離不開鐵腕政策，杜特爾特一句話就點明了背後原因“我把罪犯全殺光了！”。在當市長的25年裡，杜特爾特白天休息，晚上工作，完美“配合”犯罪分子的工作時間。犯罪分子太多，杜特爾特管不過來怎麼辦？杜特爾特為打擊犯罪，專門僱傭殺手，成立一支暗殺小隊，直接“法外處決”。電子煙電子菸 ��本電子菸電子菸台灣悅刻 relx悅刻電子煙危害電子煙推薦日本電子煙電子煙ptt 台中電子煙電子煙iqos gippro yooz 電子煙彈

以暴制暴，杜特爾特是專業的！

杜特爾特怒懟西方偽君子

菲律賓人民早就受夠了虛偽腐敗的政府，2016年，宣稱要“殺光罪犯”的杜特爾特，以壓倒性的優勢勝選。一上台，杜特爾特立馬發起“禁毒戰爭”，並公開宣布：“允許警察對罪犯開槍，並拿出賞金鼓勵民間舉報毒販行踪，甚至鼓勵民眾抓捕、槍斃毒販，吸毒者也一律嚴懲。”

一直以來，在腐敗政府和地方財閥的縱容下，毒品在菲律賓遍地開花，早已形成一個完整的產業鏈，菲律賓人民深受其害，但卻無人敢動毒販，因為利益。結果現在天降狼人，在杜特爾特的支持下，槍殺毒販成了菲律賓的一門生意，殺得越多，賺得越多。

“禁毒戰爭”發起不到半年，就有將近6000人被槍殺了。一時間，菲律賓的毒販人心惶惶，為了保命，紛紛自首，監獄成了他們活命的唯一機會。如此鐵血、暴力的手段，自然招致許多人的不滿，尤其是標榜民主人權的西方國家，反對聲音不絕於耳。

面對美國的指責，杜特爾特回懟：“你們美國殺印第安人，你們美國殺黑人，你們侵略伊拉克，你們轟炸敘利亞，你們殺害利比亞首領卡扎菲的時候，你們的人權在哪裡？你們美國沒資格跟我談人權！”

對於冰島的干涉，杜特爾特直接開罵：為什麼冰島沒有犯罪，也沒有警察，因為他們只是到處吃冰。

對於國際刑事法庭的指控，杜特爾特炮轟：“誰給你們的權力、什麼'神聖的法律'給了你們權力，在外國國土上，讓一群愚蠢的白人審判我？ ”

西方國家已經習慣披著一層偽善的人皮裝君子，忘記他們當初在世界各地犯下的罪行，對殖民地人民的虐待，比杜特爾特嚴打犯罪更可恨更嗜血更不道德，披上文明的外衣，也無法掩蓋他們的罪惡。現在遇上杜特爾特這種直白的領導人，他們只能尷尬圓場！

杜特爾特轉變對華政策

我們再說說中菲關係的改變，大家應該都知道，2016年中美在南海發生了一場幾乎處在戰爭邊緣的對峙，也是這場對峙，讓杜特爾特認清美國的真面目。從這一年開始，杜特爾特轉變菲律賓的對華政策，尋求與中國合作，在南海問題上，也守住了與中國的政治紅線。

這幾年來，中菲合作越發密切，中國對菲投資不斷上升，菲律賓經濟也因此得到快速發展，在過去4年，菲律賓經濟出現不同程度的增長，表現十分亮眼。也因此，杜特爾特的支持率居高不下，政治地位十分穩固，美國就算是想扶持代理人上位，也只能暗中潛伏等待。

過去一段時間，我們看到杜特爾特屢次公開“叫板”美國，面對美國的施壓，杜特爾特直言：“菲律賓不會跟隨美國，不會效仿美國將中國企業列入“黑名單”或實施制裁，菲律賓是一個自由獨立的國家，我們需要中國！”前段時間，杜特爾特甚至還喊話美國：不給疫苗，美軍就滾出菲律賓！

大家可能會好奇，杜特爾特的底氣從哪裡來？首先是來自菲律賓的戰略位置，不管是亞太戰略還是與中國的博弈，美國都無法“失去”菲律賓，杜特爾特深知這一點並充分利用了這一點。

再來是美國與菲律賓簽署的《訪問部隊協議》，現在差不多已經被杜特爾特“凍結”了，如果美國想重啟，只能付錢，或者把杜特爾特拉下台。最後就是杜特爾特的地位十分牢固，儘管反對派蠢蠢欲動，但杜特爾特的支持率十分穩定。電子煙電子菸日本電子菸電子菸台灣悅刻 relx悅刻電子煙危害電子煙推薦日本電子煙電子煙ptt 台中電子煙電子煙iqos gippro yooz 電子煙彈

0 notes

aggartpra · 3 years

Text

二月河:腐敗暴露清朝真正走向

　　千年難治的頑疾

　　五花八門的手段

　　回顧中國幾千年歷史長河，腐敗是封建時代一個無法根治的毒瘤。而最普遍、最熟練運用這種斂財、枉法工具的，還是掌握著大小權力的官吏們。

　　中國歷史上幾個著名的貪官，無一例外都是權臣。東漢外戚梁冀，專斷朝政近20年，被迫自殺後，其傢產沒收、變賣所得相當於東漢政府一年租稅收入的一半。南宋寧宗時的右丞相陳自強以賣官鬻(音同裕)爵聞名，但凡有人來求官，他都派人先談好價錢。地方官呈送到京城的公文封函上，如果沒有註明“某物多少一起獻上”，他根本不打開。

　　到瞭明清時期，官員腐敗已成常態。據歷史作傢張宏傑統計，朱元璋剛坐穩天下，腐敗就開始蔓延：刑部尚書(相當於部長)收受罪犯賄賂，指示屬下把罪犯放走，用死囚代替罪犯坐牢；寶鈔提舉司(相當於印鈔廠負責人)和戶部官員勾結，印瞭700萬錠紙幣，自己私藏瞭143萬錠；兵部侍郎(相當於副部長)借抓捕逃亡軍人的機會，收受軍人傢屬賄賂22萬錠……那些遠離朱元璋視線的地方官員，胡作非為的程度更加驚人：蘇州知府陳寧為瞭完成征收農業稅的任務，把抗稅戶抓起來，用燒紅的烙鐵烙，得瞭個外號叫“陳烙鐵”；浙江農民交納的農業稅比國傢規定的數額多出45%，全部落入地方官的腰包，農民交不起稅，他們就上房揭瓦，趕牲口……

　　貪腐的手段五花八門，貪腐的官員也像麥子，割瞭一茬又一茬，“野火燒不盡，春風吹又生”。這也就不難理解，為什麼��瞭清代，“三年清知府，十萬雪花銀”會被大小官吏奉為做官的原則，會出現和珅那樣“集古今之大成”的巨貪瞭。

　　朱元璋的酷刑

　　為瞭保證官僚系統的正常運轉，歷朝歷代的統治者都沒有放松對權力的制約和監管——商代會對腐敗官員處以墨刑；春秋戰國時期，有瞭專門負責監管腐敗的官吏；秦代刑罰更嚴，受賄一個銅錢就要在臉上刺字；漢代有瞭官員回避制度，漢武帝還對知情不報的官吏實行連坐；至唐代，貞觀十二年(公元638年)，唐太宗出巡，刺史趙元楷因大肆鋪張接駕，被太宗怒��是學隋煬帝的亡國習氣，活活被嚇死瞭；宋代文人地位較高，依祖訓不得誅殺，但官吏貪贓仍被定為不赦之罪……

　　最嚴酷的刑罰出現在朱元璋時期。二月河說：“朱元璋是赤貧出身，要飯起傢，長期處於社會最底層，對官吏腐敗的仇恨程度已經到瞭‘變態地步’。他在全國各地培養專門的剝皮手、設立剝皮井，規定官員貪污到60兩，就要被剝皮，然後倒吊起來，在剝皮井裡面風幹，以警示世人。”

　　朱元璋的反腐運動搞得轟轟烈烈。幾樁大案，死者數萬人。再往後，甚至到瞭無日不殺人的地步。有些衙門的官吏快被殺光瞭，朱元璋不得不讓一些有罪官吏先戴著刑具回衙門辦公。當時的一些刑罰，光聽名字就讓人不寒而栗：挑筋、挑膝蓋、斷手、抽腸、梟首、凌遲……可各種酷刑用盡，貪腐案的卷宗照樣堆積如山。朱元璋臨終前隻能感嘆：“早上殺掉一批，晚上又來一批，如之奈何。”

　　大多數研究者認為，在中國的封建專制政體下，官貪政腐的頑疾不可能得到根治，這是封建專制統治難以克服的弊端。當政治權力籠罩瞭社會生活的方方面面，腐敗的機會遍地都是。

　　百年治貪的得失

　　因為《康熙大帝》《雍正皇帝》《乾隆皇帝》這3部作品，二月河被稱為“帝王作傢”。他寫這3個帝王，至少有一半的篇幅在寫吏治、寫治貪、寫反腐。幾百萬字寫下來，二月河發現，康熙、雍正、乾隆祖孫三人整肅貪污的出發點有公有私，態度有寬有嚴，結果也就有得有失。

　　康熙的困惑

　　在清代，要做個清官是極難的。康熙早期曾經狠抓吏治，“察吏以安民”“大臣法則小臣廉”等觀念在吏治實踐中也起瞭重要作用。

　　在《康熙大帝》第二卷中，二月河用專門的章節描述瞭“治貪官聖君矯如龍”的精彩情節：隆冬時節，微服私訪的康熙來到永定河大堤上，遇到一名官員不顧眾人反對，逼迫民夫們踏著冰冷的江水挖河堤。在場眾人中，唯有固安縣令楊麼挺身而出，為民請命。在一旁觀察許久的康熙忍不住拍手叫好，卻引來這名官員及隨從預備暴力相向。情急之下，康熙命身邊陪同人員將這名惡徒當場打死，並公開身份，對楊麼大加贊賞。一番作為，讓河灘上歡聲雷動，眾人齊聲高叫：“萬歲聖明！”

　　然而，嫉惡如仇的康熙始終沒有對貪官采用重刑，且越到後期越講究寬仁：“治國宜寬，寬則得眾，倘若吹毛求疵，則無人可用，天下豈有完人？”在這種思想下，貪腐現象在康熙晚年愈演愈烈。

　　官場小說作傢王躍文認為，面對登峰造極的貪腐行為，康熙皇帝已不大相信有純粹的清官存在瞭。一次，康熙與大臣們談到當時幾個著名的廉吏，把每個人都質疑瞭一番：曾任湖南巡撫的趙申喬，因為把全省官員參瞭個遍，被康熙懷疑“怎麼別人都貪，就你幹凈”；另一位清官張伯行喜歡刻書，而當時刻一部書要花費千金，康熙懷疑這些錢來源不正……

　　既然認為天下不可能有真正的清官，康熙的治吏力度逐漸縮小，最後到瞭睜一隻眼閉一隻眼、得過且過的程度，對封疆大吏更是能忍就忍。曾任江寧織造的曹雪芹祖父曹寅，向康熙反映地方官吏的貪腐行為，建議進行改革，康熙卻表示：“銀錢無多，何苦積害。”

　　寬縱之下，再完備的法典也形同虛設。王躍文曾總結：依清初朝廷規定，官員不得同商戶往來，凡向富戶借銀一千兩者論斬。但事實上，這規定從來都沒有做到過。清代京官外放，必須送銀子給在京的老同僚們，方便日後有事得到關照，這份禮叫“別敬”；冬天來瞭，還得給京官送銀子，叫“炭敬”；夏天來瞭，也得給京官送銀子，叫“冰敬”。“三敬”之外還有壽禮、燈節、妝敬等諸多名目。清代京官比較窮，外任時拿不出銀子送“別敬”，就得向錢莊或富戶借貸。借錢出去做官，等做瞭官，哪有不連本帶息撈回來的道理？

　　積重難返之下，晚年的康熙認定，官員的貪污意識不可能徹底清除，腐敗問題也不可能得到根治。二月河認為，這其中有一定的正確性：“貪婪是人的本性，貪腐是社會病，控制一下才能好一點。從這個層面來說，沒有根治腐敗的手段。所以得不停地治吏。”

　　雍正的養廉銀

　　在康熙、雍正、乾隆中間，雍正是抓吏治最嚴、也最有成效的一個。“雍正出臺的四大制度，攤丁入畝、官紳一體納糧、火耗歸公、密折監督，都遏制瞭官場的腐敗風氣。大小官吏的利益因此受損嚴重，他們的怨氣很大。為瞭有所彌補，雍正又出臺瞭官員的養廉銀制度，實際上就是現在說的高薪養廉。”不過，二月河並不認同這一制度。他認為，和前幾項改革相反，養廉銀對反腐根本沒起到什麼作用。

　　“我和王岐山同志也談到這個問題：高薪不能養廉。宋代就是一個最好的例證。歷史上，宋代的官員工資最高，官員收入是漢代的6倍、清代的10倍，但宋代是中國歷史上最腐敗的朝代。高薪養出瞭什麼呢？養出瞭文恬武嬉！文官愛錢，武官怕死。工資高瞭嘛，誰都不願意為國傢吃點苦、幹點事，更別說為國傢捐軀瞭。最後把政治軍事搞得一團糟。

　　“我看到過一個資料，包拯的收入折合人民幣大約是650萬元。650萬元隻養出一個清廉的包公，更多的是養出高俅、秦檜之徒，養出一幫逼著人們上梁山的貪官污吏。

　　“現在，普通公務員工作穩定，有較高的社會地位，收入足以養傢糊口。所以，每年的公務員考試，幾千人競爭一個名額的事情時有發生。如果再追求高薪養廉，公務員隊伍會變成什麼情況？他們本來就有很多隱性收入、軟收入、灰色收入，如果國傢還用高薪去迎合那些蠅營狗茍、追名逐利的人，人們對這個職業的追逐將更瘋狂，會花更大代價去走後門、賄賂官員。何況工資再高，也無法與貪污受賄的數額相提並論。對於貪欲無窮的人來說，給多高的薪水都是不夠的。”

　　乾隆的權術

　　到瞭乾隆那兒，反腐逐漸成為帝王權術的一部分。為瞭更好地控制臣子，乾隆有時甚至故意讓官員腐敗——沒有污點的人不能用，當腦後的小辮子被皇帝抓在手裡，臣下隻能俯首貼耳、唯命是從。這樣的情況下，乾隆的所謂治貪，常常隻是出於威懾的目的，並不動真格。在《乾隆皇帝》的後半部分，二月河花費大量筆墨，寫和珅發跡、發狂的過程。乾隆的庇護、和珅的貪婪無度，通過他的筆觸躍然紙上。

　　乾隆後期治貪的原則是“常流水，不斷線”。平均一兩年辦一個相當於省部級的督撫，再辦一批“縣處級”官吏，而且，追究時不能查得太嚴，有松有緊，緊的時候要從重、從快、從嚴，松的時候要從輕、從慢、從寬，“隻拉弓，不放箭”。

　　乾隆這種把反腐當做權術的態度，嚴重影響瞭肅貪的效果。歷史作傢張宏傑曾總結過，乾隆中後期的吏治腐敗呈現出3大特點：一是涉案數額變大，案件增多。官員貪污數額從數萬到數十萬兩白銀不等。乾隆三十四年(公元1769年)，僅一個貴州知州劉標，就侵蝕公款24萬兩白銀。

　　二是腐敗官員向高層發展，且數量越來越多。從州府到省級大員，最後到首席軍機大臣，各級無一幸免。乾隆在位的後20多年間，省部級高官被處理者達20多人。乾隆自己也不得不承認：“各省督撫中廉潔自愛者，不過十之二三。”

　　三是“窩案”“串案”迅速增多，腐敗呈集團化公開化趨勢。官員們對腐敗不僅習以為常，而且不以為恥。權力尋租明碼標價，所有人心照不宣。在這種環境下，清官反而沒有立足之地，不行賄受賄、不懂潛規則，在官場根本無法生存。不貪污納賄，就無法建立和操縱關系網，更談不上建功立業。一定范圍內的貪瀆，不但是社會所默許的，而且是必須的。“腐而不敗”，成瞭做官的最高境界。偶有敗露，常會導致一省官僚體系癱瘓。從乾隆四十六年(公元1781年)到四十九年(公元1784年)，朝廷一連查出5起貪污大案，涉案人員眾多，“辦一案，牽一串；查一個，帶一窩”。

　　到瞭乾隆晚年，一方面，他幾下江南，窮奢極欲，等於帶頭腐敗。另一方面，人口激增、經濟總量膨脹、貿易順差等盛世表象，也為腐敗提供瞭巨大的空間。一切已積重難返。

　　正因如此，二月河把自己的3部作品命名為“落霞三部曲”。在他看來，由康熙、雍正、乾隆三代帝王開創的康乾盛世，支撐起封建社會的回光返照時期。盡管政治、經濟、文化、軍事都達到封建社會的又一個頂峰，但腐敗暴露出這個王朝真正的走向。“當我們看著太陽落山時，滿天的彩霞絢麗、迷人，但它們不能持久。夕陽無限好，隻是近黃昏。”

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