The third battle of Centro ( 16/02/79)

The Third Battle of Centro, also known as the Phoenician War, was fought on the 16th of the month of Tencere, in the year 79 CTR, between a combined fleet consisting of the Knights of Rhodes, Sicilia, Naples, Genoa, Balt Rhein, and Li'solani, against the fleet of the Turkiye-Venedik alliance in the sea of Centro, near the city of Phoenicia. This was the third round of fighting in the entire conflict at sea between the two powers, in an attempt by the Imperial and Crusader alliances to dominate the waters of Centro after the failure of the land invasion of Sud. The Turkiye-Venedik fleet won a landslide victory, killing many of the Crusaders' commanders, capturing most of their warships, and taking many prisoners and booty. This battle was the end of the Balt Rhein Empire's dominance of the Centro and the loss of its vassal state on the island of Crete. It also had a major impact on the first appearance of the Turkiye naval dominance as the new ruler of the Centro Seas.

Power map of Balt Rhein Turkiye after the battle of Cinza.

several Countries in Centro and Mediterranean Before a Battle.

Prime Minister Louis of Balt Rhein was still not giving up his passionate determination to continue fighting Turkiye. even though the expeditionary force sent to Sud was destroyed. while according to miller, (who argues that the expedition to Sud was not at the direction of St Michael) Louis once again used his bet to be able to take Sud by sea. His strategy was to cut off all Turkiye lines of communication and supplies by taking control of Centro so that he could directly threaten Imbros (a Venedic colony) and Constantinople. Louis mediated with Pope Nicholas V to organise another Crusade. Despite Rome's difficulties in mobilising the masses, due to internal conflicts in western Europe, the pope's invitation was successful in getting Genoa, Sicily, Naples and the Hosipitaller Knights of Rhodes to form an alliance.

On 22 Lale, 79 CTR, the Naples and Sicily Fleets of 100 galleys each besieged Li'solani. Donattello Doria immediately surrendered, and asked for security guarantees. even offered military assistance in order to fight the Türkiye and Venedik. thus, Li'solani broke out of his agreement with the Türkiye 2 years ago that they had signed themselves. Donatello's betrayal reached the venedik and received a strong reaction from Antonio Lucio, Doge Venedik. Antonio conveyed this news directly to Constantinople. in response to this Zaganos Pasha ordered careful military preparations to Hamza Pasha as the Kapudan Bahriye who was positioned in Phoenicia. in order to mobilise his fleet.

Turkiye Galleys in 15th Century

In addition to taking control of Li'solani, the crusader fleet attacked any ship passing through the western centro. It did not even distinguish which ships belonged to Turkiye from those belonging to their own allies. On the 28th, there was an incident of robbery of a venedic merchant ship by the crusader fleet. The raids expanded to reach Ponente, Tharos, and St. Lucino. The two countries on the island of Crete decided to submit to the crusaders. facing the worsening situation in Centro. Antonio Lucio decided to make military preparations. The levy of goods was increased, and soldiers and archers were recruited. Marco Quirini, one of the Venedic commanders who participated in the first Centro War, was appointed Commander in Chief in place of Silvestro Brega. at the head of the Venedic Fleet mobilised in Imbros, consisting of 150 galleys.

Various Types of Venetian Ships

On the 3rd of Tencere, Hamza Pasha ordered the addition of 150 galleys in Phoenicia and immediately accelerated the mobilisation. With this new navy, Hamza Pasha tried to get out of Phoenike Harbour and met a small part of the crusader fleet that was coincidentally trying to get closer to Phoenike for the sake of looting. A brief battle ensued, and Hamza Pasha was able to repulse the invaders' attack. From this brief battle, Hamza Pasha realised that it seemed that the crusaders were attacking without any coordination or prepared strategy. So there was a possibility of winning the battle.

The next day, the Balt Rhein Imperial Fleet, led by Andreas Patarini, left the vessels for Li'solani, where the Crusader Fleet was supposed to be assembled. In the evening, a council of war was held. A dispute ensued over who would command the combined Crusader Fleet. Andreas put himself forward to lead the fleet. However, the majority of the Sicilian and Genoese forces voted against him. The Genoese instead put forward Giustiniani (their warlord, who was rumoured to have disappeared after the battle of Gallipoli, 77 CTR) to lead their leet. It is known that Giustiniani did not die and managed to survive his humiliating defeat and escape to Rhodes. Giustiniani is currently on his way to lead the Hospitaller Knight Fleet to Li'solani to answer the call of the papal alliance.

However, the Giustiniani's arrival was very slow due to a westerly wind that was contrary to the direction they were travelling. Five days later, on Tencere 8, Giustiniani arrived at Li'solani and immediately convened the council of war once again. Provveditore Venier (Capitan of Naples), Albano Capello (Genoa), and Poei Manfredi (Li'solani) urged a direct attack on the Turkishye Venedik forces towards their headquarters, i.e., Phoenicia, given that both fleets were not yet fully organised. But Giusitiniani was hesitant about this proposal and preferred to target an easier target, i.e., the city of Chielo or the city of Scoglio. This proposal was supported by the commanders of the Balt Rhein. The crusader commander accused the Balt Rhein of greed and stubbornness, wanting only the result of the war for themselves. The division among the councils of war continued into the night. Nevertheless, Giustiniani finally supported the first opinion. and decided to reorganise his fleet, getting ready to face the Combined Turkiye-Venedik Fleet.

Battle

The fleet of the Crusader Alliance, consisting of 400 ships (according to Marino Satino), 200 galleys from Balt Rhein, 40 from Rhodes, 30 from Li'solani, 80 from Sicily, 30 from Genoa, and 20 from Naples. (Among all the ships, those of Genoa and Naples were the largest.) The movement of the Crusader fleet towards the battlefield was very slow due to the lack of wind. and the fleet only departed on the 12th. Meanwhile, the Venedic Turkiye Combined Fleet arrived in Phoenicia, consisting of 300 ships. The Turkish ships were dominated by small galleys (and no large ships), totaling 150 galleys. supported by the Venedic Fleet (100 Galleys, 20 Formosse, and 30 Mescolare). Hamza Pasha was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. and prepared to organise his battle formation. upon hearing that the Crusader Fleet was moving towards Phoenicia.

The two fleets met on the Phoenicia Sea Route on the 16th. Seeing that the enemy forces had more fleets and larger ships, Hamza Pasha decided to face his galleys against the galleys of the Balt Rhein and Rhodes. while the Venedic forces faced the Genoese, Naples, and Li'solani. The two ships approached each other and began to fire arrows. Hamza Pasha arranged the formation of his galleys close to the enemy galleys so as to make it easier for his soldiers to fight each other, like a war on land. The war continued with mutual sword-slashing and arrow-shooting for a long time, turning into a frightening, bloody battle. The Imperial troops tried to break free from the oars of the Turkiye galleys. However, the two galleys had already docked and could not be released. Despite the bumpy and unstable tidal waters, the Turkiye troops were able to take control of the situation. and killed many of the Empire's marine troops. The Balt Rhein troops were in disarray as their commander, Andreas Patarini, was killed, so they decided to retreat, leaving their allies without a second thought. According to Satino, Andreas staggered on his ship due to the tide. then fell into the sea and drowned.

Hamza Pasha General Commander of the Turkiye-Venedik Fleet

On the other hand, the Venedic battles against Naples, Genoa, and Naples are still ongoing. The Naples ships had difficulty keeping their fleet formation. So Marco Quirini took this golden opportunity to close his ships with the Naples ships. Provveditore Venier ordered his ships to retreat for a while in order to draw the Venedic forces further away from their gallai and thus separate them from the Main Fleet. The ships of Naples fought back by advancing ahead of the Venedik fleet; one of its commanders, Girolamo Minotto, misinterpreted Provveditore Venier's signal to stay away, according to Satino, and attacked the Venedik flagship instead. Seeing the tactical failure of the Naples forces, the commander of the Venedik Galleries, Lorenzo Festa, laid siege to the Naples Fleet. while Gianpaolo Cavallo attacked the Li'solani Galleries to separate them. 

Marco Quirini commander of the venedic navy, who replaced Silvestro Brega.

Seeing the chaos in the formation of his battle fleet, Giustiniani tried to help by mobilising his remaining reserve ships. in order to release the blockade of the Venedik Force over the Naples troops. However, the Turkiye Galley, led by Hass Murad Pasha and Mesih Pasha, came from the side and intercepted the Genoa ships. The Genoa ships were able to match the Turkiye ships in battle by relying on the large size of their ships. thus being able to escape the interception. Venier himself was badly wounded by the many arrows that pierced him, feeling unable to continue the battle. He decided to withdraw his fleet and retreat. although the effort was quite impossible. However, Venier was able to make a feint with some of his crew by disguising himself as a common soldier and escaping with some of his ships that managed to escape the siege. 

As a result, the Genoese and Rhodesians were left alone. This angered Giusitiniani. upset, he decided to return to Li'solani. hoping that he could avenge his painful defeat at the Sea of Phoenicia. This third Centro Sea battle lasted from dawn to sunset. The combined Turkiye-Venedik fleet was finally able to defeat the Crusader fleet. Many captains and crew members of enemy ships were killed and taken prisoner. and captured 57 galleys and 10 galleons, according to Satino's records. while the rest were destroyed during the battle. while the Egyptian historian, Maqrizi, says the number reached 40. Nicollo (one of the Venedik historians who participated in the war) details the ships captured by the Venedik forces. Lorenzo Festa captured 70 galleys belonging to Li'solani, while Marco Quirini captured 10 galleons belonging to Naples and one flagship galleon belonging to Genoa. The record of warships captured by the Turkiye is not mentioned by Nicollo except based on Maqrizi's account. The Turkiye captured 57 galleys, or at least 40 galleys, belonging to the Balt Rhein and 22 galleys belonging to Rhodes and Li'solani. Casualties on the Turkiye and Venedik sides reached at least 4000 men. on the enemy side, as narrated by Maqrizi, reached 30000 men. Most of the casualties were from the Balt Rhein. 

Aftermath

Four days after the third Centro battle, Hamza Pasha and Quirini organised a pursuit of the fleeing Crusader fleet. The Turkiye-Venedik fleet approached the island of Crete and laid siege to Tarros and Ponente, which were the bases of the Balt Rhein Fleet's escape. After more than five days of siege, both cities were defeated. ending both city governments and entering into Turkiye domination. Hamza Pasha captured eight generals of the Balt Rhein superintendent and some resisting troops and executed them. Next, on the 27th, the Turkiye Venedik Fleet moved towards Li'solani through the Witch Straits to shorten the journey. Giustinianni had taken full command of the city's controls and taken Donatello Doria prisoner in his own palace, then prepared for the final battle. 

On the 28th, fighting broke out again around Li'solani waters. The Genoese and Li'solani Fleets put up a vigorous resistance to the attacks of the Turkiye-Venedik Fleet, destroying parts of their galleys. Giustiniani tried to keep the enemy fleet away from the island, but was unsuccessful. Due to the unstable wind direction, the situation was reversed when the wind direction actually blew to the west, which brought the Genoese and Li'solani ships closer to land. The Turkiye-Venetian fleet took advantage of this opportunity by showering them with fire arrows in order to burn their ships and surrounded them. Giustiniani was forced to change his strategy by adopting defensive tactics in the fortress. The Turkiye troops carried out the siege from the 1st to the 6th of Raki. Li'solani decided to surrender. Despite Giustiniani's ingenuity, he was able to defend the city and thwart two consecutive attacks by the Turkiye-Venedik fleet. Due to the discontent of the inhabitants and merchants, they wanted the Genoese to withdraw from their city. 

Hamza Pasha accompanied by the Janisaries entered the city on the 6th and ordered the troops to spread out, in search of Giustiniani. However, they did not find him. Most likely, Giustiniani had escaped with 700 of his troops by robbing some of Li'solani's Galleys and then returning to Italy. Hamza pasha then stormed Donatello's palace and arrested him while expressing his anger for betraying the Anti-Imperial Tripartite that had been agreed 3 years earlier. in return, Hamza Pasha placed Donatello's son, Antonio Doria as the new Li'solani ruler. signifying the end of the independence of the Li'solani government. and transformed into a Vassal state under the auspices of Turkiye.

The victory at Centro marked the beginning of the fledgling Turkiye naval supremacy that would continue to develop until the end of the Stratocracy and the return of the Ottoman Empire. Nicollo says that although the Turkiye lacked the quality of ships capable of matching the Venediks, Genoese, and Li'solani, and their ships were mostly small galleys, their rowers were adept at mobilising them according to the tide and wind direction. Hamza Pasha's strategy, docking fellow galleys until the transfer of rowing troops to enemy ships, and the ambush of the Genoese ship, which was in fact larger, made the Venedik commander, who witnessed the Turkiye way of war for the first time at sea, truly amazed. seen, several times the Turkiye troops applied the strategies of the Venedik troops themselves. One of them was pouring oil or soap on the enemy's deck to throw off their balance when moving. Or, the troops' shoes were coated with sand so that they could walk on the soap. Because of this, Nicollo commented, "This tribe of horsemen has learned something from us.".

According to Seth Perry, "the destruction of the Crusader Fleet at Centro emphasised the influence of Turkiye, this time not only dominating the land but also the sea. This was evidenced by the conquest of Tarros, Ponente, Li'solani, and finally Vessels. making Turkiye a major player in naval warfare. next to Venedik, Li'solani, and Genoa.

Jaffa Gate is in the old city of Jerusalem. It was built in 1538, during the reign of Sultan Sulaiman al-Qanuni. On the gate wall is written:

أمر بانشاء هذا السور المبارك مولانا السلطان الملك الأعظم والخاقان الأكرم سلطان الروم والعرب والعجم السلطان سليمان بن سليم خان خلد الله ملكه وسلطانه

"The construction of this blessed wall was ordered by our Master, the Sultan, the Greatest King, the Honourable Khaqan, the Sultan of the Romans, Arabs, and Persians, Sultan Suleiman bin Selim Khan; may Allah perpetuate his kingdom and his power."

اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ إِخْوَانَنَا الْمُسْلِمِيْن الْمُسْتَضْعَفِيْنَِ فِيْ فِلِسْطِيْنَ ، اللَّهُمَّ الْطُفْ بِهِمْ وَارْحَمْهُمْ وَأَخْرِجْهُمْ

مِنَ الضِّيْقِ وَالْحِصَارِ ، اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْهُمُ الشُّهَدَاءَ وَاشْفِ مِنْهُمُ الْمَرْضَى وَالْجَرْحَى ، اللَّهُمَّ كُنْ لَهُمْ

وَلاَ تَكُنْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ حَوْلَ لَهُمْ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِكَ

اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِالْيَهُودِ الْمُعْتَدِيْن الَّذِيْنَ قَتَلُوا إِخْوَانَنَا الْمُسْلِمِيْنَ فِيْ فِلِسْطِيْن ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِهِمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ

لاَ يُعْجِزُونَكَ ، اللَّهُمَّ شَتِّتْ شَمْلَهُمْ وَفَرِّقْ جَمْعَهُمْ وَاجْعَلِ الدَّائِرَةَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، اللَّهُمَّ أَحْصِهِمْ عَدَداً

وَاقْتُلْهُمْ بَدَداً وَلاَ تُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً ، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَعَلىَ مَنْ عَاوَنَهُمْ بَأْسَكَ الَّذِي لاَ يُرَدُّ عَنِ

الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِيْن

How could Mahmut change direction to become a pro-war faction on Zaganos' side?

Some historians differ regarding Mahmut's attitude of turning 180 degrees to become a supporter of Zaganos, as well as its radical ideologies. to the point of abandoning the dreams and thoughts of Sehir Halil, his own adoptive father. Some people think that Mahmut is not yet mature and that he is still unstable, so he is easily influenced by anyone. Others argue that Zaganos used cunning tactics by eliminating most of his fellow supporters of the Halil faction through the Rumeliana Crusade. thus creating a sense of trauma in Mahmut's desire to take revenge on the Imperial Army.

However, if we examine Mahmut's attitude as well as Zaganos' political tactics on the divan during the Rumeliana crusade, then we find that things are not as they say. Mahmut is the type of person who learns from their weaknesses and mistakes. This was proven in various missions and events that occurred after he was removed from the divan. He tries to become better and stronger, and he develops the viewpoints of various people he meets across the country. However, the point of view he developed was still directed towards Halil's ideology. Moreover, the people he met (Mizraki Bayazit, Fatma, Orhan, Ismail, and Suleyman Bashkan) were in the Halil Faction. That's why he concluded that peace is everything and considered that thought to be correct. However, Halil's death, accompanied by the Crusaders coming to invade Sud, changed his entire perspective. when he was rescued from captivity and returned to Constantinople. He still defended his beliefs by scolding Zaganos, accusing him of being the culprit of all the disasters that occurred. However, things changed drastically when he was defeated by Zaganos in a sword duel. Zaganos, in this case, is trying to instill a new perspective in Mahmut, that the incident that happened to his family 14 years ago was caused by his weakness. not the impact of the war itself. He said that no matter how hard he pursued peace, he would never achieve it until he returned to Allah's side. He will continue to face endless conflicts and wars, which are motivated by religious, cultural, and political motivations. If not, of course Rasulullah Shallallahu Allaihi Wassalam and his companions could live comfortably and be surrounded by comfort, because they should have been able to achieve peace much earlier. But apparently, that didn't happen in history. On the contrary, their lives were marked by the harshness of the struggle, the shedding of blood, and the deaths of the martyrs. It was not uncommon for the Prophet, Shallallaahu Allaihi Wassalam, to lose his uncle, Hamzah, in the Uhud war. He also lost his adopted son, Zaid, in the Mu'tah war. However, all these losses did not make the prophet afraid, and instead he chose the path of peace. He continued to advance and fight jihad until he succeeded in his preaching and left an Islamic country, which became the embryo for the birth of subsequent Islamic dynasties in the future. (Zaganos' words show how deep his historical scholarship and his straight and competent understanding of religion are.).

Mahmut's meeting with the Pasha of the Zaganos Faction (Saruca, Karaca, Hasan Ulubat, Karamanli Ishaq, and Radu Del Crumos). made him doubt the path of his ideology that he had adhered to all this time, even doubting Halil Pasha's own thoughts. Slowly, he began to leave this path and decided to join the Zaganos Faction. From the short stories above, the slanted assumption emerges that Mahmut is still unstable and has no convictions. This opinion emerged even in the mouths of the Pasha of the Khalil faction, who did not believe in Mahmut's betrayal and had the heart to abandon their adoptive father's vision and mission. Mahmut has refuted this slanted opinion by saying, "Previously, I thought that this world was only a bowl. But now I am shocked to see that this world is like an end without an end. Halil's thinking might only be able to hold water in this bowl. But it's impossible if this bowl is filled with something that has no limits." He further said, "I used to think that Khalil's thoughts were correct, but in the end I decided to accept the reality that my family had died and they would never come back. It was me who was stupid and didn't want to accept this bitter reality. So I decided to take the Halil path. Therefore, no matter how much I lose the people I love, I will not be afraid and continue to fight for jihad until Allah decides the matter between us and them (the infidels). I used to sacrifice my life to achieve a trace of peace; now I will sacrifice my life no longer for anyone, not for Zaganos, not for this country, but for the sake of Allah and His Messenger."

Mahmut's statement above shows the sharpness of his mind and his true religious knowledge. He is at least able to act, make decisions, or change them according to the conditions and reality in which he lives. even if it means conflicting with the ideals of his faction and his own adoptive father. This is very different from the Halil faction, especially Mimar Zeki Pasha, who also criticised Mahmut's change in attitude and continued to adhere to the Halil ideology until the end. Mahmut's attitude towards something is based on reality, not feelings.

Sources: M. Tayyib Gökbilgin Tuğrul Mahmut Paşa (2021) Istanbul, Turkiye.

After successfully fulfilling his diplomatic mission to the Mamluk Sultanate, Mahmud took the time to go to Jerusalem on his way home for pilgrimage and worship. In the Stratocracy era, he was the only Pasha who visited this holy land. Mahmud wrote a description of this city (during the Mamluk government at that time) in his diary: "This city is always filled with pilgrims and travellers from various countries and various religions. There is the Masjidil Aqsha, which used to be the first Qibla for the Muslims before it was moved to Mecca. "The Al Aqsa Mosque consists of two mosques: the first is the blackish Ash Shakra dome mosque, and the second is the gold dome. The gold color of this second mosque is said to have been built during the Ummayah era. But I don't know anything about the first mosque."

"This city is relatively peaceful and prosperous. Thanks to the Cairo government, which manages it well. And high religious tolerance among its people and immigrants. The population of this city consists of various Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities. However from what I saw, the largest community was many after Muslims, perhaps Jews. Most of them work as traders and skilled craftsmen. It is said that based on the stories of many people here, their community is getting bigger because most of them are refugees from Europe. They fled because of the persecution policies of the tyrannical European kings against them."

"Based on the Sultan's story, this city experienced a terrible fate under the feet of the infidels (crusaders). Then came Saladin from the Kurds, who liberated this city with Allah's permission. But after that, there came an attack by a tribe of horsemen from the Tartars who occupied countries in the Levant and almost took this city, but the Mamluk troops managed to defeat them at Ain Jalut, which became a star of glory for their kingdom, replacing the kingdom of their masters (the Ayyubids). What is clear is that the security and prosperity that I feel in this city will never be achieved except by great sacrifice, and the Mamluks have proven their resilience over it all."

Mahmud Pashas diary (Dr. Ekrem Imamoglu), P.76

Note: Dr Ekrem Imamoglu explains; It seems that Mahmud had difficulty distinguishing or did not know about these two mosques. The truth is, the mosque he is referring to is the Al Qibli Mosque which is black in color. while the new Dome of As Shakrah or Dome of the Rock is golden. But it seems Mahmud probably doesn't know the name of this golden dome mosque at all. so he mistook Al Qibli for the Shakra Dome. vice versa.

left; Al Qibli Mosque. Right: Dome of the Rock. both are part of the Al Aqsa Mosque Complex. not one of them. (Because there has been a misunderstanding circulating, that the Al Qibli Mosque is the real Aqsa Mosque. Even though it is actually not like that).

Second Battle of Cinza ( 08/01/79 )

battlefield location of Cinza Farm.

the second battle of Cinza, was a conflict in the Sud Rumeliana region in the second Balt Rhein - Turkish war (78 - 80 CTR) that took place on the 8th, Month of Lale, 78 CTR. in a Cinza rice field, beside the Scoglio river. The Balt Rhein army once again attacked the Sud region led by Generals Fretzen, Adam, and Dirk Witcher. The war ended in victory for the Stratocracy, dashing Balt Rhein's further aspirations to seize sud territory.

Background

The background of this war is unknown. according to Franz Babinger, the invasion of the sud region was carried out in order to take advantage of the reduced strength of the Turkiye troops guarding this region. because most of the troops were diverted for the invasion of the Balt region. however, it seems that the invasion of the sud region was not based on the orders of the capital St. Michael. according to Rhoads Murphey, the initiative of this invasion was from General Fretzen as the general commander in this military operation. without heeding the orders of the central government, asking him to gather soldiers in St.Michael after the fall of the city of Gol. Fretzen saw an open opportunity for the empire to invade the Sud. After sending some Rod Orm in order to consensus the Turkish forces. he began to make preparations in the Rhein region, gathering several commanders and troops with him.

On the 1st, the Balt Rhein Army began to enter the Sud. but bypassed the routes of Cantar, Veleria, and Letra. The Balt Rhein troops attacked several villages, market towns, and looted agricultural produce for military use. reports of this attack quickly reached Saruca Pasha, as Beylerbey Sud, in Espada through Turahan Omer Bey who served as Sanjakbey Cinza. when these reports reached him, Saruca Pasha ordered Turahan Pasha, Karaca Pasha, and Hadim Sinan Pasha to mobilise.

Balt Rhein's troops continued looting until they entered Cinza's rice fields which would later become the battlefield. while the Pashas and Beys of Sud made preparations to attack the Empire.

Between Balt Rhein and Turkiye Troops

The number of Turkiye troops defending Sud is still disputed. first estimates reached 60,000. while the Balt Rhein's own estimate from the census was 40,000. the Balt Rhein historian Schiltberger has his own aesthetic number, that the number of Turkiye troops reached 65,000. This contradicts Fretzen's letter to Adam about his census, which states that the Turkiye army was only 40,000 strong. this may have been due to volunteers taking part in the battle. the Turkiye soldiers were all Janissary infantry. and none were on horseback. they were reinforced with a few cannons.

Fretzen's army consisted of 60,000 imperial standby troops, which were supported by 20,000 light Rhein Hussar troops. the main troops under their own commander were at the core of the flank formation. the left flank was commanded by Tott. the right flank troops were commanded by Mark Blumenthal. as for the cavalry troops that were on the second flank of the troops, they were commanded by Adam and Dirk Witcher.

Battle

Cinza Battle formation

On the 6th, the Balt Rhein Army entered Cinza via the Scoglio River, and began plundering the fields, and agricultural products for supplies during the war. the Turkiye army led by Saruca Pasha had reached Cinza the day before and began evacuating the locals. he let the Balt Rhein army continue to plunder in order to exhaust itself in marching and attacking. and after the Balt Rhein army had collected a fair amount of loot, he began to attack them on the 8th.

The two armies consisted of three columns. the Turkiye right flank was led by Turahan pasha and his son Omer Bey. the left flank was led by Hadim Sinan Pasha. and the core of the Turkiye army was led by Saruca and Karaca pasha who faced Fretzen's army.

The battle began in the afternoon. The Turkiye army was able to withstand the Balt Rhein's attack for a while. but then the hussar cavalry troops led by witcher and Adam began to attack the right and left sides of the Turkiye army. Hadim Sinan Pasha and Turhan Pasha were forced to retreat. next, Witcher began to attack the core of the Turkiye forces on the centre flank. and began to destroy the Turkiye forces on the centre flank. as a result, Saruca and Karaca began to retreat. at the start of the battle, it was clear that the Turkiye forces were suffering a defeat. they fled to a camp near the town of Cinza that had been fortified with cannons, muskets, crossbows and wagen fort. and prepared for the next wave of Balt Rhein forces' attacks.

wagenfort, or chariot, which was used for self-defence against cavalry in the 15th century.

The hussars swiftly attacked the turkiye camp with great vigour. thinking they had won. however, the turkiyee troops accompanied by the volunteer troops guarding the camp rained cannon, musket and crossbow fire on them. killing half of them. adam was killed with an arrow threatening his neck. while the witcher fell from the back of his horse, but managed to escape. seeing that it was getting late, and there was chaos among his troops, Fretzen decided to retreat, and return to his camp.

Saruca Pasha made good use of this momentum. towards midnight, he quietly mobilised troops and volunteers. then made noise with fireworks and gunpowder explosions. instantly panicking the Balt Rhein troops, even for their divisions who were on guard that night. fretzen once again tried to mobilise his troops and make a defensive position. Saruca pasha this time used the wagen fort he had used to guard the camp as a means of attack by arranging it vertically. it was then pushed by buffalo to slaughter some of the Balt Rhein troops and destroy their fences. the Balt Rhein troops tried to escape out of the camp, but ended up as prisoners in the hands of the Volunteer troops. fretzen was mortally wounded trying to fight back, but a janisarry soldier managed to cut off his head with his halberd. now the Balt Rhein troops no longer had a leader, they fled the chaos of war with their comrades. Vasco describes the celebrations after the night battle of Cinza; "the excitement reached its peak, every citizen and Turkish soldier made his comrades laugh at each other. While the locals began to loot the camps of the Imperial troops and reclaim the goods they had looted, others harassed the captive enemy soldiers by cutting off their ears and noses (as a form of revenge)".

Aftermath

Casualties on the imperial side were very high. around 40,000 people were killed in the night attack on cinza. and almost all the commanders were killed in the attack, except Dirk witcher who managed to escape. the initial prisoners after the war were around 10,000 personnel. however, this number increased to 20,000, because Saruca Pasha after the War continued to conduct sweeps of Balt Rhein troops who tried to flee back to Rhein territory. some of them got lost and were killed by local residents. those who managed to return safely were only around 20,000 people.

Casualties on the Turkiye side vary. some say 3,000 soldiers to 8,000. but the second opinion seems to be stronger. the second battle of Cinza was a psychological victory for the people of Sud and for the Turkiye forces. and for the first time, the cooperation of both sides was able to break the Balt Rhein Invasion for the second time since the first invasion 3 years ago. since then the Balt Rhein's dream of reclaiming sud territory was completely dashed. until the fall of their empire a few years later.

Battle of Pločnik ( Pantellaria ) ( 15/12/78 )

Balkans and Europe Geopolitics situation at the end of 78 CTR.

The Battle of Plocnik, also known as the Battle of Pantellaria Field, took place on 15 Cay, 78 CTR, in the village of Plonik, Balt region (now Serbia). The army of the Turkiye Stratocracy led by Tughril Mahmut Pasha, the masterpiece commander in the conquest of Sud Rumelia, defeated the Balt Rhein forces led by Theo Androch. This war became the beginning of the second Balt Rhein-Turkiye conflict and the beginning of the Stratocracy's conquest operations in Western Rumelia.

Background

The political and military progress of the Balt Rhein Empire suffered a setback in 77 CTR. After the neighboring state, the Turkiye Stratocracy carried out major reforms in the state, led by Zehir Zaganos. and was able to score a victory in the conquest of Sud, as well as repel the imperial invasion of Muchever in early 78 CTR. The ministers and dukes of the Empire saw that the time had come for a peace treaty. especially the faction of Minister Eisntein, who had seen signs of weakness in the country. although the pro-war faction of Prime Minister Virigillio Louis's faction denounced him as a fool and continued to push for war (believing their war would have the support of the Vatican Pope and the European Crusader alliance). King GoldeBalt XI, favoring peace, produced the Treaty of Florence, signed on 30 Lale, 78 CTR.

Teritory of Turkiye and Balt Rhein that is agreed upon Treaty of Florence.

Prime Minister Louis rejected this peace treaty and insisted on persuading both GoldeBalt and the ministers to cancel it. but he was unable to do anything. In particular, his influence in the Empire began to decline as a direct result of losing the war. He began to look for excuses and use his power in the state to start the war once again. Louis secretly invited Bey of  Karaman Karamanoglu Ibrahim II to a banquet and formed a secret alliance against Turkiye. The Emirate of Karaman was a Turkoman state in Anatolia that was also a bitter enemy of Turkiye.

Karaman State

Ibrahim II targeted the Zaganos Pasha army convoy, which was on its way back to Constantinople after the conquest of Trebizond. and devises a plan to kill him as per his deal with the Empire. However, this plan leaked into Zaganos' ears via his Goz Kulak. Swiftly, Zaganos accelerated his march and attacked the border town of Karaman, Ak Hisar, at the beginning of the month of Seker. This sudden attack terrified Ibrahim. Thinking that this time the Turkiye troops would conquer his country, coupled with the fact that the Balt Rhein reinforcements did not come, Ibrahim felt that he had been deceived and betrayed. decided to renew his peace treaty with Zaganos. Louis' plan to end the life of Zaganos failed.

After the incident, Zaganos Pasha accused Balt Rhein of plotting his assassination along with Bey Karaman. Even the imperial envoy appeared under the wrong circumstances; while Zaganos was in Akhisar, the empire demanded an increase in the amount of tribute that Turkiye paid for his territory in the Sud (according to the clauses of the Treaty of Florence) by 60,000 ducats from 30,000 ducats. Zaganos Pasha rejected the demands. Seeing that the Balt Rhein was playing around with the clauses of the Treaty of Florence, Zaganos decided to stop paying tribute. These two incidents have restarted tensions between the two countries.

In the political conditions of the palace of St. Michael himself, the minister Louis tried to gather his faction's supporters and get rid of any group that opposed his policies. He saw the Einstein faction as an obstacle to him realizing his cunning imperialist ambitions. Because of that, he conspired before King Goldebalt IX, laying down false evidence and suspicions that Einstein had committed corruption and even carrying out a coup d'état within the palace. It's a shame that GoldeBalt is an impressionable person and doesn't have a firm mind. He decided to hang Einstein and his family in the month of Biber, 78 CTR. Thus, Minister Louis became the absolute holder of state power, representing the king without any faction opposing him.

minister Einstein, from Anti War Faction, He was hanged by GoldeBalt in mid-78 CTR.

Zaganos Pasha continues to monitor the situation of the Balt Rhein based on the increasingly suspicious reports of his Goz Kulaks. The spy reports said Imperial envoys had spread throughout Europe. to form a new crusader movement against Turkiye. In the month of Ak Koyunlu, according to the latest reports from Goz Kulak, Balt Rhein troops began to mobilize from the capital as well as most of the Rhein and Balt provinces. This action clearly violated the Peace Treaty of Florence. and restarted the second round of the Balt-Rhein-Turkiye war.

Preparations

The Balt Rhein, in total, numbered 200,000 Soldiers. 50,000 of them were heavy cavalry troops under Hermaan, who was famous for being tough in Europe at that time. (According to Franz Babinger, the number is 40,000.) The Balt Rhein troops were mostly spearheaded and still used the Phalanx formation in their military. accompanied by a Pike and Shot formation. This troop is accompanied by 16–40 ballistas. The top commander in this force is Theo Androsch, a veteran commander who took part in the Turkiye invasion 15 years ago. Hermaan's cavalrymen were led by Siegfried Kaufmaann and Jacques Jourdainn. Andreas Palatine led the right-wing troops; the left-wing was led by Simon Dominis, and the artillery force (ballistae) was commanded by General Barrett.

Minister Louis hoped for reinforcements from Europe and the Pope. but apparently he was blind to the complicated political conditions there. The Habsburgs were in conflict with the Pope on religious and political issues, which led to war between the two. The Pope preferred that the crusader coalition be directed towards Germany rather than the Balkans. The 100-year war between England and France still hasn't died down. As for Hungary, being a neighboring country to the Balt Rhein, it was willing to send troops and supplies, but that never materialized. Gabor Agoston stated that Mathias Corvinus had a personal grudge against the Balt Rhein because of internal conflict problems that befell both of their troops during the first Crusader invasion of Sud in 77 CTR, which made him abandon the plan. Moldavia was busy at war with the Crimean Khan over Ochakov and Jedisan. and Poland was busy at war with the Despotate of Moscow. As a result, the Balt Rhein was literally forced to fight alone at the start of this conflict. However, some volunteers from Cyprus, Rhodes, and Genoa also sent aid to St. Michael in small numbers, which had no effect whatsoever. where they are just an army of adventurers trying to find money and loot.

deems that war cannot be avoided, and after receiving a fatwa from Molla Gurani, who decided to fight the Balt Rhein and invade the country because it always disturbs the country's sovereignty and threatens religion and the lives of Muslims, Turkiye makes combat preparations. Their troop numbers are around 150,000 Soldiers. 50,000 of them were cavalrymen from heavy classes such as sipahi and akinji (archer-class light cavalry troops). These troops were equipped with Matchlock musket armament, consisting of 15,000 Janissary Muzrak musketeers. led by Bayazit Pasha (Beylerbey Muzrak). and 350 Cannons. Tughril Mahmut Pasha was reappointed as commander of the main army. remembering the feat of victory he achieved in the Sud conquest operation. Karamanli Ishaq Pasha led the right flank troops, and Lala Syahin and Sahabettin Syahin led the left flank troops in two different formations.

The Turkish Matchlock musket, during the Balt Rhein-Türkiye war, was modified from the Tibetan Musket that had entered the muzrak in 75 CTR. This musket design was created by Muslihittin Reis and mass-produced by order of Zaganos Pasha in late 76 CTR.

Muzrak Janissary

there was no minor conflict on the border between the two countries until entering the month of Cay. on the 6th, the Balt Rhein in large numbers had left the capital. while Turkiye's troops left Istanbul 4 days later, following the routes of Edirne, Tarnovo and Hisar and then crossing the border. The Balt Rhein troops have arrived on the plains of Pantellaria adjacent to the village of Plocnik which will later become a battlefield. all the commanders in chief were gathered in the evening of the 12th. Jacques as commander in chief Hermann urged Androsch to first attack the Turkish troops before they got ready. however, Androsch thought otherwise by choosing the plains of Pantellaria as a suitable terrain for formulating formations and strategies. besides the Balt Rhein troops benefited that they were fighting on a field that was familiar to them.

Battlefield Location

On the 14th, the Balt Rhein troops encamped as planned at Plocnik while preparing to meet the enemy. Like the general arrangement of troops in that era, Androsch divided his army into three parts. right wing, left wing, and core troops led by himself. Androsch placed Hermann's Cavalry in the rear as an ambush in case the enemy attempted to flee. However, this plan was roundly rejected by the majority of the soldiers. Instead, they want to be placed in the front row, which will advance first to tear apart the formation of the Turkish troops. 40 ballistae were installed in the infantry rear formation in order to prevent the encirclement of the Turkish cavalry troops.

Turkish troops arrived at Plocnik in the early morning of the 15th. Mahmut Pasha arranged the Janissary troop formation in a crescent formation and joined all the army wings to the core troops. As for the cavalry troops, consisting of Akinji and Sipahi, they were at the forefront of welcoming the enemy's attack. Mahmut Pasha ordered the artillery to be placed in the center of the formation.

Battle

battle scheme of Pantellaria 15 Cay 78 CTR.

The Turkish troops only arrived in Pantellaria in the early hours of the 15th and were still organizing their battle preparations until midday. Jacques and Siegfried took advantage of this opportunity to launch a surprise attack. Without waiting for Androch's order, the Hermaan troops shouted "Deus Veult" and immediately started the battle. The Turkish troops were surprised by this sudden attack. Mahmut Pasha ordered the Sipahi and Akinji cavalry to block the Hermaan troops behind the core troop formation. However, the Sipahi cavalry were not as heavy and tough as the Hermaan troops. As a result, the Sipahi troops disintegrated, and many victims fell in the first attack.

Unable to resist the onslaught of the Hermaan Cavalry, Hasan Ulubat ordered the Sipahi troops to retreat while asking the Akinjis troops to shoot arrows. However, the thick armor protected Hermaan's entire army and did not cause any fatal injuries. Hermaan's troops were increasingly convinced that victory was in sight, and they continued to break through the Turkish army's center formation. Janisarry troops, accompanied by artillery troops, were ready to confront the enemy. Turkiye artillery troops fired simultaneously, followed by Musketeer troops from Janisarry Muzrak (Volley Fire). Hermaan's troop movement stopped, and this time it was the turn of the main troop from the Stratocracy janissaries (those holding the red banners) to launch a counterattack with pike and shot formations. Hermaan's troops try to keep advancing, but a barrage of artillery and musketeer attacks results in heavy casualties. In this battle, Jacques, one of the commanders of the Hermaan troops, died after being stabbed many times by hundreds of Janissary spearmen.

The Morality of Hermaan's Troops Weakens. and his attacks began to slack off. The Janissaries swiftly surrounded the Hermaan troops in wolf trap formations and surrounded them. At the same time, the cavalry led by Hasan Ulubat, who had retreated, regrouped their ranks and turned back to attack the Hermaan troops. Simon Dominis and Andreas began moving troops right and left to save Hermaan, but Sahabettin and Ishaq Pasha advanced with their 20,000 Janissaries and were able to repulse the Balt Rhein advance. Siegfried, who began to realize the precarious situation and Jacques' death, decided to withdraw his soldiers, and most of Hermaan fled into the middle of the forest.

Androsch decided to change his entire war strategy and take a defensive position against the next Turkish attack. The cavalry turned to the right and rear of the Balt Rhein. However, they were met by a fence of Balistae fire and pike and shot formation, temporarily driving them back. In order to tear apart the Balt Rhein mobile fortress formation, Artillery troops were positioned all over the flanks of the enemy troops and fired at them. causing the Phalanx's formation to break down and disintegrate. After a series of cannon fires, the janissaries immediately plunged into slaughtering the remaining Balt Rhein troops. The Balt-Rhein troops panicked and started to flee from the battlefield. with huge losses and casualties. The battle arc lasts 8 hours. After the battle, Mahmut Pasha encamped temporarily at Plocnik while sending out his small detachment of troops to capture scattered infantry, or hermaans.

Aftermath

The Balt Rhein were unable to put up any further resistance to the Turkiye after this war, preferring to take defensive positions by taking cover in their strongholds or engaging in guerrilla warfare, as Gralat and Lelederik had done in other engagements. This war became the Balt Rhein's biggest disastrous military defeat in their history, before the Battle of the Arch. For the first time, the Balt Rhein Troops were surprised by the superiority of the Turkiye cannon and firearms, which were used en masse in field battles. Cannons and muskets have been known in Europe for a long time. However, no one was able to surpass its use except for Turkiye at that time. This defeat, at the same time, showed the decline and weakness of the Empire in its truest sense. and the ineffectiveness of their strategy, especially the use of Phalanx and mobile fortress formations, which had actually been out of use in that era. because at that time the troops mobilization in fast and light motion got more priority.

The losses suffered by the Balt Rhein after the war were enormous. around 90,000 troops, including 20,000 Hermaan Cavalrymen. 14 commanders and 4 Counts, including Androsch and Jacques, died during the battle. Casualties for the Turkiye troops were relatively light. at least between 4000 and 7000 troops. There was no reported number of enemy troops taken prisoner after the battle. However, Turkiye troops were able to capture some stragglers among Hermaan troops who had fled in this battle.

15 days after the battle, on the 30th, Tughril Mahmut advanced to lay siege to Gol City, the old capital of the Balt Rhein Empire. without any obstacles standing in his way. Even though it is known as a big city, with its strong fortifications, the Turkiye troops were able to control it in just six hours. The fall of Gol City directly threatened the capital of St. Michael, which is only about 95 kilometers away. Gol's fall caused panic and commotion both in society and within the elite palace. Minister Louis, as the mastermind behind the outbreak of war, tried to gather the number of soldiers who remained and repeatedly sent ambassadors to Europe asking for help. However, there were no significant results.

the location of Gol City, the capital, as well as the embryo of the birth of the Balt Rhein Empire.

Stratocracy of Turkiye Teritorial after Battle of Pantellaria

On the 28th of the month of Cinili, year 78 of the Turkiye Calendar After the military expedition in Anatolia, Zaganos Pasha took time to visit Dimotika (Didymoteicho). In this city lives a former Ottoman sultanate family that was expelled from the political scene due to the coup of the Pashas after the death of Fatih Sultan Mehmet 78 years ago. The family at that time was led by Sehzade Bayazit, the eldest son of Sultan Fatih, who was elderly. Zaganos Pasha met him at his khaniqah (seclusion for Sufis) to discuss a number of matters. One of them was the agreement to restore the Ottoman Empire in the capital, Istanbul, if the affairs with the Balt Rhein were completed. (At that time, the two countries were still signing the Florence Peace Agreement.) Sehzade accepted this deal. but he could not guarantee that Zaganos Pasha would continue to assume office as Grand Vizier (prime minister) after the Ottomans came to power. Zaganos is ready to accept the risk.

The meeting between Zaganos and Sehzade Bayazit was not the first. Previously, they had met in 69 Calendar Turkiye. At that time, the relationship between the two of them was limited to social intimacy and formality. The whereabouts of this family are indeed very vague, so that they are not known to the public except for two pashas, namely Zaganos Pasha himself and his mentor, Timorlu Oruc Pasha. This meeting had previously been planned by the two pashas with the aim of returning the Osman family to the royal throne and disbanding the stratocracy, which they said was incompatible with the current Turkiye government. This transition plan was not carried out, except after Turkiye was able to win the war against the Balt Rhein, which ended with the Edirne treaty in 80 Calendar Turkiye, and the political vacuum that occurred after Buyuk Pasha's death four months later.

Bayazit II, who was crowned as the eighth sultan of the Ottoman dynasty after the death of Buyuk Pasha in the month of Cinili, year 80 of the Turkiye calendar, is considered to be the end of the Stratocracy era and the restoration of Ottoman rule after an interruption of 80 years.

Era Leandra, better known as Era, was born in Albania (South of the Rhein) in 47 Calender Turkiye. at the time of her birth, Albania was still an independent country, under the principality of Dukagjini. when she was 8 years old, the Balt Rhein Army invaded Skhodra, the capital of Dukagjini after the fall of Kruje 5 years earlier. Her father and mother fell victim to the massacre of the Balt Rhein army. she was captured and sold in the slave market on the island of Vessels. then bought by Orban and took good care of her. from then on Orban became her adoptive father. Era inherited her iron casting and cannon skills from her adoptive father. Orban adopted Era before he retired from the Balt Rhein military service. after retiring, the two decided to flee to Turkiye, due to pressure from minister louis to make cannons for his troops.

The tragedy that befell his parents made Era have a deep hatred for the Balt Rhein Empire. She decided to cut her hair short and cover her breasts tightly to make her look like a man. she did this so that she could participate in the cannon foundry work until she entered the cannon firing division. (in Turkiye, women were forbidden to participate in heavy work in factories and the army) she had participated in a Turkiye expedition to Sud, then a military expedition to Balt Rhein at the end of the year 78 of the Turkiye calendar. one of her achievements during the expedition, she managed to save some Turkiye cannons that were almost captured by Balt Rhein troops when the Turkiye troops were pressed at Schneestrum. it was rumored that Kara Kanat Suleyman fell in love with her and the two had an intimate relationship.

My Fan Storyline Of SNA.

Suleyman Bashkan, The leader of Goz Kulak Spy Network

Ehsan Bey, The Leader of Askeri Golge Spy Network.

Unlike the goz Kulak which only operated in Rumeliana and Anatolia, Zaganos Pasha formed other spy agencies operating in Europe, the Mamluk Sultanate, Africa, to Andalusia. This spy division was called Askeri Golge (shadow troop). Zaganos Pasha formed this network of spies in early 75 of the Turkiye Calendar. it then went into operation a few month before the Rumeliana crusade. Zaganos appointed Ehsan Bey as the leader of this division. it was from them, zaganos learned about the vatican conference convened by the pope in his crusade propaganda, the movements of the crusaders coalition troops as well as the number of their troops. zaganos pasha then tried to shut down this information, and let it all happen in order to deal a crushing blow to the divans of Halil Pasha's camp who, according to him, had been blinded by peace.

The range of information obtained by zaganos pasha was very far thanks to this network, to the heartbreaking events that were experienced by Andalusian Muslims at that time. thanks to a Moor who came to Turkiye named Tasyifin. Zaganos Pasha had been in close contact with him in the 72nd year of the Turkiye calendar. this person voluntarily entered the spy division. he was one of the first members of the Askeri Golge division before it was officially formed. He succeeded in his mission to collect detailed information about a series of events that befell Andalusia, starting from internal strife in the royal family Granada, betrayal of ministers, massacre by Castille troops in Granada, to the suffering of Muslims there. it continued for 8 years. until finally, the zaganos pasha lost contact with him in 80 Calender Turkiye. just few days after Turkiye's crushing victory against the Balt Rhain at the Arch. it is known that Tasyifin was finally caught in his duties and later killed by Spanish soldiers. Nonetheless, his first operation in Andalusia and his martyrdom became an important backbone for the Askeri Golge members' later operations. this division grew rapidly and received much attention from the Ottoman sultans after taking control of the country. especially in the era of Sultan Sulaiman I (the magnificent).

Tasyifin's report to Zaganos Pasha in the month of Biber, year 76 of the Turkiye Calendar. about the existence of an inquisition and torture council for moriscos (Muslims) in Spain, 9 years before the fall of granada. in this report Tasyifin said; “The Muslims there thought that they would receive security guarantees from Ferdinand (King of Spain). unaware that the church had prepared torture tools for them. while Spanish troops continued to take cities in Granada one by one. Most other Muslims decide to apostatize because they may already know of this kind of existence, so they can avoid it. some who still love their religion decide to move to Morocco. at this saddest time, the Sultan of Granada was busy at war with his own uncle. not even hesitate to ask the enemy for help to bring down his own family members. they abandoned their people for the greedy ambition of power. (hopefully the land of Pasha will be spared from this painful disaster)” ‘closing greetings from Tasyifin’.

According to Karamanli Ishaq Pasha, Karamanoglu Ibrahim (Ibrahim II of Karaman) was a ruler of Karaman who was very fond of breaking treaties. even though he had sworn an oath to Allah and His Messenger. In one of his betrayals, he conspired with Prime Minister Virigillio Louis of the Balt Rhain to devise a plan to ambush the Zaganos troops upon their return from their campaign in Anatolia. Luckily, this cunning plan leaked into the ears of the goz kulaks, so Zaganos Pasha moved quickly to take control of the city of Ak Hisar, which was the border town of Karaman. This made Ibrahim shrivel up. So he decided to renew the peace treaty again with Zaganos Pasha. (although this was strongly opposed by Ishaq Pasha because of his hypocrisy).

My Fan Storyline Of SNA

Unification of Anatolia ( 01/03/78 - 04/04 /78 )

After the collapse of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the second half of the middle century, many small Turkic kingdoms emerged. until finally the Turkiye Stratocracy stood and dominated the Anatolian plains. The surviving beyliks were Karaman (one of the beyliks that had great influence in Anatolia as well as Turkiye's sworn enemy at that time), Isfandirids on the northern shore of the Black Sea, and Dulkadir in Cilicia which at that time became a vassal state of the Mamluk sultanate. 

Anatolian States during years 78 of Turkiye Calendar. 

Zaganos Pasha wanted to unify all the small kingdoms that were still divided. with the ambition of establishing a large Turkiye Stratocracy. To secure his military operations, on the 14th of the month of Tencere, 78 of the Turkiye calendar, Zaganos dispatched Tughril Mahmut Pasha to the Mamluk Sultanate to strengthen political, trade relations and forge military alliances. through the relationship between the two countries Zaganos Pasha succeeded in obtaining the legality of the official stamp of the Abbasid Caliph, Al - Muttawakil II, so that the Turkiye Stratocracy has a strong influence in the Islamic world. thus, the zaganos pasha could freely carry out his military operations in Anatolia without having to deal with the Cairo Government. and cut off the beyliks' only attempt to ally with the Mamluks in the face of threats from the Zaganos Pasha's forces.

Tomb of Sayf Ad-din Inal during reign 76 - 84 Turkiye Calendar. 

Mamlukes Sultanate. 

At the beginning of the month of Raki, Zaganos Pasha started his military operations in Anatolia, bringing with him 80,000 Troops, and 250 ships, under the command of Yakup Pasha, and Kasim Pasha ( Governor of Balta ). His first target in this operation was the city of Amasra which was under the Genoese colony. This city was the trading center of the Genoese in the Black Sea region. but because the majority of people in this city were merchants, and did not care about who ruled their city as long as it did not disturb their property and honor, they agreed to open the city's gate. Zaganos Pasha managed to conquer it without war.

Panoramic view of the town.

on the other hand, knowing the movements of the Zaganos troops, Kemâleddin Ismâil Bey the ruler of Isfandirid fled to Sinope, the capital of his government. Though relieved by Amasra's downfall, learns that Zaganos' military operations are not going towards his country. but he remained vigilant by preparing war fleets, standby troops, and cannons. it is known that Sinope's army numbered 12,000 soldiers, who were reinforced with 400 cannon. The Isfandirids, in this case, were the first to adopt Cannon technology, before the Turkiye Stratocracy. they are said to also have a strong navy. 

to prevent bloodshed among his soldiers, Zaganos Pasha tried to trick Ismail Bey. he sent Ishaq Pasha as his emissary to Sinope, informing Ismail Bey that the Turkiye military operations were directed at the Trebizond, not the Isfandirids, to prevent misunderstandings between the two sides. Ishaq Pasha succeeded in convincing Ismail that the Turkiye military operation would not threaten the sovereignty of his country. he was greatly relieved by it. in order to satisfy the zaganos, Ismail agreed to help by sending 6000 of his best troops under the command of his son, Kızıl Ahmed Bey. to assist the Turkiye campaign to conquer trebizond.

Isfandirids Beyliks Flag

At the same time, Zaganos Pasha decided to change his route from the shores of the Black Sea, towards Ankara, this was done so that Ismail bey would appear to be sure that the Turkiye troop movements were indeed directed towards Trebizond. as said by Ishaq Pasha. not long after, came Ishaq Pasha with an entourage of 6000 Isfandirids troops led by ahmet bey in Ankara. but immediately, zaganos pasha ordered his janissaries to arrest the party. (including Ahmet Bey). Zaganos Pasha apparently wanted to take them hostage, to threaten Ismail into surrendering his city, as well as reduce the number of isfandirids soldiers defending the city of Sinope.

11 days later, on the 12th, Zaganos arrived in front of the city gates of Sinope, giving Ismail Bey an ultimatum to surrender. On the other hand, the Turkish fleet had laid siege to the port of Sinope at an inopportune moment. because their fleet was not prepared beforehand. in an emergency like this, it was impossible for Ismail to put up a fight, he immediately surrendered and gave his city to Zaganos. thus, the Isfandirids region merged into the Turkiye Stratocracy. in return for surrendering their city, Zaganos bestowed the titles of Pasha Kemâleddin Ismâil, and Kızıl Ahmed. Ismail was given command over the towns of Inegol, Yenisehir and Yarhisar. while his son, Ahmet, is the governor of Bolu City.

view of Sinope city

Zaganos Pasha managed to conquer Amasra and Sinope without losing a single troop. his final target this time was the Trebizond Empire. The background to the founding of this empire was formed from the fall of Constantinople by the Latin Crusaders about 250 years ago. divided Byzantium into small kingdoms in Sud and Anatolia. a member of the Byzantine family, Alexios Komnenos fled to this city which later established this empire for generations.

This city was battered by the Seljuk Rum sultanate, led by Ghiyatsuddin and Allaudin Kaykubat. despite defeating its army, the Sultanate was unable to conquer the city and could only enforce the annual tribute that was paid to maintain its sovereignty. Trebizond also frequently entered into defensive alliances with the neighboring Turkomans, by marriage. like Ak koyunlu. Emperor David Komnenos married his daughter Despina Hatun to Uzun Hassan, ruler of Ak Koyunlu.

in order to break the alliance between Ak Koyunlu and Trebizond, Zaganos Pasha decided to move towards Sivas. then encamped at Erzincan, which became a border town between Turkiye and Ak Koyunlu. Zaganos wanted to make sure Ak Koyunlu wouldn't become a stabbing dagger when he launched his military operations against Trebizond. Uzun Hassan thought that the Turkiye military operation was directed at him, became very frightened. he decided to negotiate with Zaganos by sending his delegation accompanied by his mother, Sara Hatun to Erzincan.Zaganos Pasha respected her so much that he called her Mother ( ana ). an agreement was agreed upon in which clause, Ak koyunlu promised not to militarily assist Trebizond when Turkiye besieged the city. thus, Zaganos succeeded in severing the ties of the Trebizond Ak Koyunlu defensive alliance. but as a guarantee that Uzun Hassan kept his promise to the end, he decided to keep Sara Hatun's delegation and sent a letter to Uzun, that he promised to release the delegation after the conquest of the city of trebizond was completed. 

Ak Koyunlu States

Zaganos Pasha divided his army on its way to trebizond into two directions. he himself moved with his 40,000 troops from the direction of Erzincan, while another 40,000 troops under the command of Hizir Pasha moved from the shores of the black sea. Naval troops under the command of Kasim Pasha and Yakup Pasha move across the Black Sea. their troops first arrived at trebizond port on the 16th. by landing 30,000 troops accompanied by 2 ballista cannons. 2 days later, Hizir Pasha's army arrived at trebizond by west. the zaganos troops arrived too late, due to the steep terrain, and dense trees that prevented troop mobilization.

the siege of Trebizond lasted 34 consecutive days. Turkiye troops continued to bombard the city walls with cannons, causing serious damage to the fortifications. but the Turkiye troops had yet to launch a general attack. David Komnenos realized that his city would not be able to withstand the siege any longer. he sent his delegation, Amiroutsez to reason with the zaganos, that Trebizond would be willing to pay the annual tribute, even marry the emperor's daughter, Hanna Hatun. however Zaganos rejected all of the offers. he only asked Trebizond to surrender voluntarily.

wall fortifications in Trebizond. 

on the 4th, the month of Seker, as a result of successive shelling from the Turkiye cannons, some of the city walls began to crumble and opened many gaps. David Komnenos decided to immediately surrender to Zaganos. the surrender of Trebizond ended the reign of the komnenos dynasty that ruled the city for 261 years. Zaganos Pasha entered the city in triumph, then converted one of the churches there ( Chrysokephalos ) into a mosque. and according to what was agreed, Zaganos Pasha released Delegation Sara Hatun while giving gifts in the form of souvenirs and abundant possessions to Sara Hatun, as well as gifts to Uzun Hassan. after the conquest of Trebizond, Zaganos Pasha decided to marry Emperor David's daughter, Anna Hatun whom he had turned down in her offers during the siege. in exchange for guaranteeing security for members of his family dynasty. according to Tursun beg, Zaganos pasha celebrated his wedding with the pashas and soldiers at Trebizond for 3 days, while inviting his new wife to have their honeymoon together. 

Fatih Mosque in Trebizond. used to be a church named Panagia Chrysokephalos. 

The first generation of the Turkiye Stratocracy navy as well as the figure who would later bring the glory and influence of Turkish power to the sea was none other than Hamza Pasha. He was the first Pasha to hold the post of Kapudan Al bahriye (general commander of the navy), followed by Sulaiman Baltaoghlu Pasha, and Hass Murad Pasha. All three were from the Zaghanos Pasha faction. His early achievements were seen when he managed to defeat the crusader navy at the battle of Gallipoli and lift off the siege of Imbros Island with the amateur Turkiye navy at that time. Hamza Pasha was instrumental in the siege of Phoenicia, defeating the crusaders and the Balt Rhain in the third battle of Centro Sea, conquering the islands of Crete, Ragusa and the Islands of Vessels, held by the Balt Rhain. After the Balt Rhain Turkiye war ended and the Ottoman family ascended the throne of power in Istanbul, Hamzah Pasha was then transferred by Sultan Bayazid II to become Governor of Kuluch Province replacing Timorlu Oruc Pasha. Hamza Pasha died as a martyr while carrying out his military mission to quell the Wallachian rebellion that occurred in the month of Tuz, year 80 of the Turkiye calendar, led by Vlad III the Impaler.

My Fan Storyline Of SNA

Battle of Asykavya ( 28/09/77 )

The Battle of Ashykavya took place on the 28th, Tuz 77th of the Turkish calendar, between the crusaders of the Balt Rhain and the Turks led by Tughril Mahmud Pasha. It is also known as the Battle of the Valley of the Volcanoes, due to the extinct volcanic forms in the nearby Ashkavya Valley. The Turkiye army under Mahmud Pasha captured or killed most of the Balt Rhain Crusaders, depriving them of the ability to fight. As a direct result of the battle, Turkiye became the leading military force in Rumeliana, conquering Phenicia and many other Crusader-held cities in Southern Rumeliana. This defeat precipitated the Battle of Muchever, which started 4 months after the Battle of Ashkavya. which then ended with a peace treaty between Turkiye - Balt Rhain through the Florence Agreement.

Background 

The development of balt Rhain and Turkiye's military power reversed towards the middle of the 77th year of the turkiye calendar. where there was a split in the body of the Balt Rhain army and the crusaders. due to the reckless policy of The Minister louis who ostracized them after contributing to assist him in conquering the entire sud region. as a result, the Crusaders rebelled. and Balt Rhain's army was forced to fight against his own allies. This division was further severed after the defeat of Balt Rhain's crusaders at Maritsa. The crusaders began to form their own groups and they began to attack the city controlled by balt rhain forces in sud. they took control of the city of Chielo, expelled the balt rhain garrison that stood guard there and made it their community. Crusaders also attacked Furullio and Phoenicia which ended in failure.

on the other hand, Turkiye managed to renew his armed forces, leading them to victory in Maritsa. Their navy led by Hamzah Pasha managed to dislodge genoa warships in the Sea of Marmara and Venedik. while the land expedition for the liberation of South Rumeliana led by Mahmud Pasha achieved success in capturing pozo, rozo, restos, cinza, letra, cantar, veletra, toro, marmuu, brezza, and collina from the hands of balt Rhain crusader forces. Turkiye's successive victories accompanied by the retreat of the crusader expedition prompted both Balt Rhain and crusaders to re-establish relations in order to fight the turkiye forces.

Siege of Furrulio

at the beginning of the biber month of 77 Turkiye Calendar, Mahmud Pasha commanded the largest army he commanded at Toro. He inspected his troops in the lowlands, before starting to cross the river Furullio on the 15th. The Turkiye troops numbered 80.000 soldiers. Mahmud Pasha also received unexpected assistance from the Toro cavalry who provided service to him numbering 20,000 soldiers. Mahmud's army was organized as a center and consisted of two wings. cavalry troops led by Hasan Ulubat. the left wing led by Syihabuddin syahin Pasha. Ishaq Pasha led the right flank troops. Mahmud himself led the central army accompanied by binbashi ahmad bey. while the artillery troops were led by Radu del Crumos.

The Crusaders gather at the Espada, their number is between 100 and 120 thousand troops. although this was a smaller number than the initial troop deployed since the start of the invasion of Sud Rumeliana, due to divisions among the crusader alliance forces. most of the troops mainly from Austria and Hungary withdrew from the conflict. most of the soldiers were from the Balt Rhine and its few generals, several thousand Italian troops, and Sicilian and Translvania troops who did not return because they were forced to fight with the empire. Major troop leader Richard Del Rein (commander of the Balt Rhein Troops). decided to wait for the Turkish troops. but several commanders from italy and sicily rejected the idea. They urged Richard to meet the Turks and launch a surprise attack while they were least aware.

On the other hand, Mahmud Pasha didn't want to waste his time just waiting for the imperial troops to come out of their nest. he mobilized his troops marched towards Furullio and laid siege to it on the 20th. news of Furullio's siege reached the imperial troops. both voices of opinion split. Richard still wouldn't move troops, as he was sure it was just a trap to trick him. but the majority of the generals actually urged him to move immediately, bearing in mind that Furullio's position was very close to Phoenicia which if this city fell, it would make it easier for the Turkish troops to conquer it. they didn't even hesitate to insult richard as a coward. After a heated debate, Richard was forced to give in. the crusaders left the Espada on the 23rd. when Mahmud learned that the movement of the crusaders was indeed towards Furullio, he immediately withdrew his troops and tried to lure them to the battlefield he wanted. The Crusaders arrived there two days later in empty Furullio. after the Turkiye troops left the siege of the city.

Battle 

25th, month of Tuz. the crusaders arrived at Furullio but found the surroundings of the town empty of the ruins of the fort because of the manjaniq and cannon shelling of the Turkiye Troops. they continued to be forced to move towards Mahmud's troops. here the conditions of the crusaders began to become tired and hopeless, due to the authoritarian actions of some generals and commanders of the crusader coalition, stubbornly trying to pursue the enemy troops.

On the 28th, the crusaders attempted to seize water and grass for their horses in the Ashkavya valley. but suddenly the Turkiye troops shouted and surrounded them from all sides. fighting broke out that night. The crusaders continued to demoralize the crusaders with shouts of takbir and prayers. they burned straw and hay and showered the Balt Rhine troops with cannon and arrows. destroy their ballistae before they are even used.

in a state of panic the crusaders tried to form formations and tried to retreat in an orderly manner. but Mahmud Pasha did not let that happen, he chased the enemy troops and finished off those who were left behind. the two armies once again met in the Almanac.

Richard's main force struggled in a desperate state to survive the attacks of the Turkiye troops, as well as the attacks of the heavy cavalry troops. Richard ordered the Turtle Formation, but soon Turkish artillery troops arrived and destroyed the formation with artillery fire. after that the charge of the Turkiye cavalry came crashing down. many of Richard's men died without much resistance and the wounded and alive fell as prisoners. while Richard himself was killed at the hands of Mahmud. the Balt Rhein troops scattered, most of those who survived fled in an uncertain direction, some of them made it to the espada in tatters and even unarmed.

The Balts of the Rhein and the crusaders were defeated. The explanation for this eye sanction is that Ilyas Bey (Ilyas bin Abdullah), a Janissary soldier, witnessed the moments of the victory of the Turkiye troops in the Almanac. Quoted by Sukrullah Celebi: 

"The general commander of the Balt Rhein troops stopped at the Almanac to finish their last resistance. The two armies attacked each other without mercy. While our commander (Mahmud Pasha) shouted, shoot the arrows at the demons!!!. Our cavalry archers!" advanced and fired their arrows while the enemy troops formed a phalanx. they could withstand our composite arrows, but not our gallant cannon fire. Their formation was broken and we continued to suppress and repel the enemy until Allah gave us victory."

Aftermath and Losses 

casualties between the two sides could not be ascertained. however the Balt Rhine and the crusaders lost nearly half of their forces in this battle. the commander of the captured Balt Rhein forces, namely Vermandois, and barron Michell (currently the one identified). Hugh Geoffrey of bohemia, hugh Austrian. commander of the german troops, plivilain batron, and Hugh Gibrael. as well as several commanders from Italy, and Hungary. Among the captured Balt Rhine troops, about 600 or 700 people decided to convert to Islam, after an invitation from Mahmud Pasha. who was later released. as for the rest, it was decided to be sold as slaves. Mahmud Pasha asked his soldiers to treat the prisoners of the commander of the Balt Rhein properly. as for the commander of the crusaders outside the Rumelia peninsula. Mahmud asked his troops to beheaded all of them. assuming their presence in rumelia is far more dangerous than the Balt Rhein. 

7 days after the victory at ashkavya, (4, month of Ak koyunlu year 77 of the Turkiye Calendar). Mahmud Pasha began to lay siege to Furullio and quickly took the city. as the Balt Rheins poured out of the city in droves. then, with an army of 40,000, Mahmud launched a siege on the city of Chielo. in the city there were only 1000 Hungarian soldiers defending the city. The Hungarian troops asked for security guarantees in exchange for the city's surrender, and they were able to leave the city safely. Mahmud agreed to this agreement. the defeat at Asykvya resulted in a weakening of the city's defenses which were controlled by the Balt Rhein. most of the soldiers, who had lost the battle, decided to flee further into the Rhein region. the big impact that was caused was that in just a few months, Mahmud Pasha succeeded in controlling the big cities in the Sud. such as Phoenicia, Espada, Humo, Seallant, Basque, Sirena, Almeja, Duna, Nina, Sal, Campana, and Scoglio. 

News of the defeat at Ashkavya (the fall of Phoenicia was followed by the loss of the Sud region), was carried by Philip towards St. Michael, caused a huge stir in the Empire. Prime Minister Virigillio Louis attempted to mobilize a new expeditionary force to attack Turkiye head-on in hopes of avenging the painful defeat at the Sud. but ended with the defeat of their troops at Muchever. forced the Balt Rhein to sign a peace treaty with the Turkiye in Florence.

Timeline Sud military Expedition by Turkiye.

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After much thought, we decided to reset Venedik and Lisolani to their original historical position. the island adjacent to Turkiye (which used to be the initial Venedic position) became only its colony. Likewise with the former island which became Lisolani's initial position. As for the story plot, nothing has changed.

Venedik ( dark Red )

Li’solani ( Gold )

The Treaty of Florence was signed on the 30th, the month of lale, the year 78 of the Turkiye calendar. It was the first peace treaty between Turkiye and Balt Rhain, attended by all heads of state in South Rumeliana and members of the anti-Imperial alliance. After the defeat of Balt Rhain's forces at the Battle of Muchever on the 8th earlier. This treaty made the entire Sud region join the Turkiye Stratocracy. The peace deal is valid for 3 years and 3 months, and provides an opportunity for both countries to open trade routes after a long period of stagnation due to conflict.

Turkiye Stratocracy after Treaty of Florence. 

Battle of Maritsa ( 08/05/77  )

The Battle of Maritsa took place on the 8th, the month of Kara Seker, the 77th year of the Turkiye Calendar, located on the Maritsa River, approximately 230 KM from the Turkiye-Cuore border. Turkiye's forces, then led by Zaganos Pasha, defeated the combined balt rhain - crusader forces. This battle was the end of balt rhain's military campaign with the crusaders over South Rumeliana.

Background

The relationship between Balt Rhain and the Crusader Alliance has been fractured since their victory over cuore's forces at Cirza. Balt Rhain was inconsistent in keeping their promises with the crusaders during the preparation of the attack to South Rumeliana. At that time, Balt Rhain promised the crusader alliance would get all the spoils of war owned. In exchange, all territories conquered by cooperation between the two sides were handed over to Balt Rhain. But the distaste was evident in the commander of Balt Rhain's own forces over this agreement. For they did not get any part of the spoils of the war. This is further exacerbated by the emergence of national fanaticism among each of the troops. Seen during the siege of Toro City.

After the conquest of the city of Toro, The Imperial Prime Minister Virigillio Louis betrayed the crusaders by creating a kind of conspiracy so that the crusaders could get out of South Rumeliana. and monopolized the battle for his own army. This lazy action further aggravates the rift of the Balt Rhain Alliance - Crusaders. The crusaders staged a rebellion and attacked Balt Rhain's army. Even if they suffer defeat in sal and pinza. It shows that the crusader alliance formed by Pope Nicholas V is merely a pseudo-union. On the other hand, the minister's actions provoked the ire of Mathiass Corvinus, the King of Hungary who had a major contribution in sending his troops to fight in South Rumeliana. Mathiass calls John Huniyadi to return to Translvania immediately, followed by Huniyadi's feelings of anger at being betrayed. Followed by another crusader. But even further aggravating this situation, Balt Rhain's troops did not let them just leave. On Louis' orders, they were captured and forced to join Balt Rhain's army. Some of them escaped and returned to their country. Some of them decided to join the Genoese naval forces led by Giustiniani Longo.

Genoese Fleet.

The crusaders were expelled on the mainland, provoking Giustiniani to strike back against the Balt Rhain Empire. The Genoese fleet reversed course and decided to attack the island of Law under imperial rule. A fierce battle broke out between Balt Rhain's fleet and Genoa, ending with Genoa's victory. Having no other choice, Minister Louis entered into a peace treaty. The Genoese navy was allowed to settle on the island of Law, on condition that it pay a certain amount to the Empire. And the Empire itself anticipated the loss of all losses suffered by the Genoese forces after the Battle.

The increasingly severe divisions in the bodies of the crusader alliance have alarmed military commanders and ministers. Not apart from Virigillio Louis himself. He decided to force the crusaders to resume the military expedition to Turkiye that had ceased. Although he believes this kind of decision is too late. During the intern conflict among the crusaders, Zaganos Pasha had finished preparing his troops. A turning point that turned the state of the Rumelia peninsula.

Preparation and Deployment

Balt Rhain's army has a force of 100,000 troops. It included a mixed crusader force consisting of Austrians and Hungarians, numbering 20,000 personnel, led by Franco Talozki and Stephan Brass. This army is moving aimlessly. Only forced under the direction of the Minister louis, hoping that he could get a victory. Meanwhile, the morale of the troops had been destroyed, a pseudo-spirit of unity. 

The troops began to move on the 4th, the month of Karaseker, the year 77 of the Turkiye Calendar. They crossed Cuore. Gonfalniere Giacomo provided support to the crusaders in the form of logistics during the journey under the agreement between himself and the crusader. By giving their country's main road. The crusaders reached the Turkiye border crossing at Bati two days later. The crusaders attacked the city and conquered it. The fall of bati city was not long in their hands, raising the morale of the crusaders. They thought Turkiye's army was as weak as it used to be. On the other hand, the Turkiye Army had moved three days earlier before the crusaders departed. Zaganos Pasha led the main force from Edirne and moved quickly to take control of the mouth of the Maritsa river.

location of Maritsa Battlefield

The crusaders decided to use rafts to cross the Maritsa River, in order to speed up the movement and mobilize troops. However, they were not yet aware of the presence of Turkiye's forces. Balt Rhain's army commander Jacques Boudainn was the first to be aware of the enemy's presence. Where he saw turkish tents had been erected on vast terrain, far from the river. He immediately set up an army formation, in order to prepare for war. On the right wing, close to the village of Kaminar, a balt rhain army of 10,000 under the command of Jan Bacqueir, led the Cavalry. On the left wing, another 10,000 Cavalry troops were under the command of Michael Szalzci. The main force in the central wing was 60,000 troops, under the command of Franco, Stephan, and Bacqueir. The chief commander of the crusaders was led by Rachett.

Turkish forces have a force of 40,000 troops. 12,000 of them were Cavalry and equipped with 100 Cannons. Zaganos Pasha put the Cannons in the back row. 4000 Cavalry on the right and left wing were led by Hasan Ulubat and Mahmud Pasha. The 28,000-man central wing is led by Zaganos Pasha and Ishaq Pasha.

Battle 

The Cavalry began an offensive on the left wing led by Mahmud Pasha. Jan Bacquir ordered his cavalry to prepare for the Turkish offensive. Due to outnumbered, Mahmud Pasha ordered his troops to withdraw, the crusaders chased them irregularly. Immediately, the camel-armed troops that had been prepared immediately ambushed the enemy forces who were trying to pursue. Because the horse used by the crusaders was a European horse, they hated the smell of camels. The crusaders were unable to control their horses and many of them fell off the horse's back. At the same time, Mahmud's cavalrymen attacked them from the right side. The crusaders tried to escape but their path was blocked by the Maritsa river. Some of them were desperate to plunge into the river and swim but not a few were victims. So was the fate of the Cavalry on the right wing, where they could be easily defeated by Hasan Ulubat.

Turkish troops on the right wing tried hard to block the pace of Rachett's crusaders. The Turkish army turned back and the crusaders chased after them, but they were startled by the thump of Cannon fire aimed at their troops. Realizing he had entered a trap, Rachett ordered his troops to withdraw. However, the Turkish troops again ambushed them from the side. Rachett still hasn't despaired, realizing that his army hasn't lost. He and his guards tried to fight. Zaganos Pasha who at that time knew his position spurred his horse and tried to spear it. But the horses of the two of them actually clashed which caused them to fall. The fight continued with a duel. Zaganos Pasha defeated Rachett and killed him. His head was beheaded by a Janisarry Soldier, Kodja Hazar. Then parade his head. The crusaders who knew of their commander's death were desperate and defeated by turkish forces.

By the end of the Battle, 20,000 crusaders had arrived in the field. But they were scouted by Akinji's army. The other crusaders panicked and tried to turn the bow. Many of them drowned in the river. Crusaders, after losing the war, tried to escape by swimming in the river. Turkish troops captured some of the 10,000 prisoners.

Aftermath

The defeat at Maritsa was the end of Balt Rhain's expansion in South Rumeliana towards Turkiye. The split between Balt Rhain and the crusaders was getting worse. There was no further military operation to avenge their defeat at Maritsa. Turkiye's victory at Maritsa was followed by their naval victory led by Hamzah Pasha at Gallipoli and Venedik. and the start of the Turkiye military operation in the liberation of South Rumeliana.