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Indigenous Langblr
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The Yana Culture was ancestral to the population from which both early Paleo-Indians and the Ancient North Siberians arose.
By “the builders of Stonehenge,” I mean the earliest builders, ca. 3100 BCE.
Note that the last language spoken by a Denisovan/Neanderthal or by a community of Denisovans/Neanderthals may not necessarily be a Denisovan/Neanderthal language—it may be a language of anatomically modern humans they adopted. (It will at any rate be about 40-50,000 years old).
#taking one for the team and doing the yana culture one to get data to disprove the b*ring str*it theory once and for all 😤#beringia one would also suffice for this purpose i guess
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Weekly Verb
느끼다 - To feel
Conjugation:
느꼈어요 - Past
느껴요 - Present
느끼고 있어요 - Present progressive
느낄 거예요 - Future
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Armenian phonology post coming within the next week!
And additionallyyyyy if i were to offer my tutoring services more officially would anyone be remotely interested in hiring me for that? Ive gotten a few random messages about it but nothing has come of it
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Le futur proche & le futur simple
1. Le futur proche
-> for immediate or certain actions
je vais
tu vas
il/elle/on va + verbe infinitif
nous allons
vous allez
ils/elles vont
Examples:
Je vais aller en France.
Je ne vais pas aller en France.
Tu vas manger ce croissant.
Tu ne vas pas manger ce croissant.
Vous allez écouter attentivement.
Vous n'allez pas écouter attentivement.
Examples of "verbes pronominaux":
Je vais me doucher en 5 minutes.
Le soir, ils vont se coucher vers 22 heures.
Vous allez vous coiffer tous les jours.
2. Le futur simple
-> for hypothetical actions in the near or far future; predictions, dreams, promises, weather forecasts; after "quand", "lorsque", and "dès que"
je + ai
tu + as
il/elle + verbe infinitif + a
nous + ons
vous + ez
ils/elles + ont
Some irregular verbs:
être (serai, seras, sera, serons, serez, seront)
avoir (aurai, auras, aura, aurons, aurez, auront)
faire (ferai, feras, fera, ferons, ferez, feront)
voir (verrai, verras, verra, verrons, verrez, verront)
aller (irai, iras, ira, irons, irez, iront)
Examples:
J'irai en France.
Je n'irai pas en France.
Tu mangeras ce croissant.
Tu ne mangeras pas ce croissant.
Vous écouterez attentivement.
Vous n'écouterez pas attentivement.
Examples of "verbes pronominaux":
Je me doucherai en 5 minutes.
Le soir, ils se coucheront vers 22 heures.
Vous vous coifferez tous les jours.
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English vocab for level B2 and higher #6
impious: showing no respect, especially for God or religion
poignant: causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness
stupefying: making someone unable to think clearly, usually because they are extremely tired or bored, or have taken drugs; very surprising or shocking
forthwith: immediately
citadel: a strong castle in or near a city, where people can shelter from danger, especially during a war
vault: a type of arch that supports a roof or ceiling, especially in a church or public building, or a ceiling or roof supported by several of these arches; a room, especially in a bank, with thick walls and a strong door, used to store money or valuable things in safe conditions; a room under a church or a small building in a cemetery where dead bodies are buried
to seep: to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something
smattering: a very small amount or number
masonry: the bricks and pieces of stone that are used to make a building; the skill of building with brick and stone
ooze: a thick brown liquid made of earth and water, found at the bottom of a river or lake
ingenuous: honest, sincere, and trusting, sometimes in a way that seems silly
to palpitate: (of the heart) to beat very fast and in a way that is not regular
to embark: to go onto a ship or an aircraft; to put goods or passengers onto a ship, aircraft, or train
baleful: threatening to do something bad or to hurt someone
non-committal: not involving or revealing commitment to any particular opinion or course of action
tottering: walking with difficulty in a way that looks as if you are about to fall; shaking and moving from side to side, and likely to fall
lapsed: no longer involved in an activity or organization; no longer being continued or paid
to induce: to persuade someone to do something; to cause something to happen
chasm: a very deep, narrow opening in rock, ice, or the ground; a very large difference between two opinions or groups of people
complement: a number of people or things that makes something complete
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If Drops can add Occitan now that would be soooo so wonderful.
#i stg like every day i send in requests for armenian and zulu too#speaking of that i should get back to looking into contributing to an armenian duolingo course#langblr#occitan#languageblr
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Greek Youtube Channels
Άκης Πετρετζικης - Cooking
Ευτύχης Μπλέτσας - Travel
Easy Greek - Language
Do You Speak Greek - Language
i Mikri Ollandeza - Vlog, Lifestyle
Evelina Nikoliza - Vlog, Lifestyle
Greek Cooking Made Easy - Cooking
Linguatree - Culture, Language
Helinika - Culture, History
Learn Greek with Zoi - Language
Learn Greek with Katerina - Language
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Resources I'm using to learn ASL!
ASL is American Sign Language and it's a beautiful and complex visual language used primarily by Deaf and Hard of Hearing people. I've been studying it for about 3 months now and have completely fallen in love with it! My roommate and his gf both know varying levels of ASL (she's fluent and he's around my level) so it's been great to practice with them when we're able.
A lot of my language progress has been coming from youtube videos and practicing by myself (especially in a mirror or recording myself) so I wanted to share some of the resources I've found particularly helpful!
HandSpeak ASL Dictionary: This is a great database where you can look up how to sign various words
What The Deaf?! Podcast: A podcast run by two Deaf women talking about various aspects of their lives, gives some insight into Deaf culture and their lived experiences
ASL Fingerspelling Receptive Practice: They show short videos of a fingerspelled word that you then type out to see if you interpreted it correctly. Fingerspelling is a super important skill in ASL so I highly recommend practicing either with sites like this or through other resources meant for receptive practice!
Bill Vicars ASL 1 YouTube Lessons: These are more extended lessons taught entirely through sign while still being largely understandable. I recommend checking these out once you have a little more of a foundation in vocabulary so you can follow along better!
Chris Gorges ASL Basics YouTube Lessons: He gives clear and concise explanations for a lot of different concepts. I went through all of the videos in this playlist which helped me build up my vocabulary quickly
The Daily Moth YouTube Channel: They produce daily news segments signed in ASL with captions, which I’ve found is great for receptive practice and semi-immersion even though they still go quite fast for my current level
I hope some of you find these resources helpful, and it would be awesome if anyone else learning ASL could reply with some other resources you've found beneficial too!
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Navajo Phonology: Consonants
Part 2/2 - Navigate to my "Grammar Posts" page to see Part 1!
This does not cover every possible way of expressing sounds, as regional varieties are very diverse. This is just a general guide based on my experiences with my family’s language. This is also not an official way of grouping sounds, its just how I organized this post.
Consonant Group 1
These are ones that are identical/similar to the Latin characters they are written with in English. Some consonants are written with more than one character.
Ch = [tʃ] - Similar to church
J = [dʒ] - Similar to jam, though at times its less voiced
L = [l] - Similar to love
M = [m] - Similar to mom
N = [n] - Similar to no
S = [s] - Similar to sun
Sh = [ʃ] - Similar to shoe
W = [w] - Similar to win
Y = [j] - Similar to yes
Z = [z] - Similar to zoo
Consonant Group 2
These are ones that have sounds essentially found in English, but the way they are written does not align exactly with English.
B = [p] - Similar to spot
D = [t] - Similar to stop
Dz = [ts] or [dz] - Similar to hands
G = [k] - Similar to sky
Hw = [hʷ] - Similar to which
Kw = [kʷʼ] - Similar to quick
Zh = [ʒ] - Similar to pleasure
Consonant Group 3
These are the remaining letters/sounds that are in English, but in Navajo they are more aspirated and stronger.
K = [kʰ]
T = [tʰ]
Ts = [tsʰ]
Consonant Group 4
These are ones that are not easily found in English, so may take bit of extra effort to learn.
' = [ʔ] - The glottal stop
Gh = [ɣ] or [ɰ] - Sometimes softens to be like a [w] or semi-vowel
Ł = [ɬ] - Voiceless Alveolar Lateral Fricative
Dl = [tl] or [tɬ]
Tł = [tɬ] - Some may aspirate this sound as well.
Consonant Group 5
This group consists of the Navajo ejective/glottalized consonants.
Ch' = [tʃʼ]
K' = [k']
T' = [t']
Tł' = [tɬʼ] - This is considered the hardest sound in Navajo!
Ts' = [ts']
Consonant Group 6
This consists of only H, which has two different pronunciations.
H at the beginning of a word/syllable = [x]
H at the end of a word/syllable = [h]
If an H comes after the letter S, but is not meant to be the sh digraph, it is written as sx.
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Oklahoma School for the Deaf has opened up FREE ASL COURSES for the Fall season this new school year and anybody can join. The courses close on December 31st of this year (2023) so if you've been thinking about learning ASL here is your opportunity to get professional lessons for FREE
If you're interested, here's the link: https://courses.osd.k12.ok.us/collections
This is a GOLDMINE for information because not only do you get free video lessons by professionals that you can do at your own pace, but there's also graded quizzes as well as resources to educate you on the history of Deaf culture as well as sub-communities within, with links to loads of different websites to read up on Deaf-related topics.
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french: prepositions of place
(trying to get these memorized! corrections appreciated. also if you're wondering about à + dans, i'm working on learning the difference ;) so hold tight)
à côté de - next to, beside
à droite de - to the right of
à gauche de - to the left of
au-delà de - beyond
au-dessous de - below
au-dessus de - above
à travers - through
derrière - behind
devant - in front of
en face de - across
hors de - outside of
loin de - far
près de - near
sous - under
sur - on (sp. sobre)
vers - towards
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This is a friendly heads up that the Oxford School of Rare Jewish Languages has opened applications for their language classes beginning in Michaelmas term (October) 2023. They offer classes in 18 Jewish languages, including Old Yiddish. Classes are on Zoom, so applicants can live anywhere in the world. The deadline to apply is September 5, 2023.
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DangerNotes Writing App Review
Someone else may have already made a review of this app, but here's my take on it!
How It Works
As the instructions above say, the thrill of DangerNotes is the fact that if you stop writing, all your work for that session will be deleted! To use DangerNotes, you do the following.
Set your timer. The default is 5 minutes, but the given range is 2-10 minutes. There is also an advanced setting to do different time limits as well.
Start writing. The moment you do, a gray bar appears on the bottom to show your progress. At that point, two things can happen.
Write until the timer runs out, or stop writing and fail. If you make it to the end of the timer, a green save button will appear on top. Once that button appears, your work is safe and you can save it and return to work on it at your leisure. If you stop writing for more than a second or two, a red bar at the bottom will replace the gray timer progress bar. You will then have around 3-4 seconds to resume writing, or the note will be deleted.
Pros
The biggest pro is its ability to train your writing endurance. If you struggle with writer's block, perfectionism, or just feel like your writing speed is slower than you'd prefer, this app is perfect for working on those issues.
The app is free to use. You can donate to the developer if you desire or pay for an ad-free version. However, it has very limited ads to begin with. So far, the only ads I've seen appear after failing against the timer. So if you always complete your challenges, you may get an ad-free experience anyway!
It stores your notes in a list you can access from the menu. If you want to go back and edit one, there is no timed-component to that, so you can revise at ease.
Cons
It has limited customization options. There are two color schemes (dark blue with gray text, like in the photo, or light gray/nearly white with darker gray text). There also is no way to change the font size within the app.
It does not discriminate. There is no pause - either you complete the challenge or you don't. Closing the app will not "freeze" it - the timer will still run, and you will fail and lose that work. So unless you are very confident in your ability to complete it, or are fully willing to take a risk, I'd avoid doing intensive work you are very attached to on it.
It lacks an advanced export feature. To transfer notes to other platforms, you'll need to copy and paste them elsewhere.
Overall - 8/10
I highly recommend this app for exercises in flash-fiction, making scene or character snippets, and for otherwise doing as warm-ups and skill practice to become a faster and more confident writer. I docked a point for accessibility concerns, and another for the exporting difficulties. I personally like that it doesn't discriminate as it ups the risk for me, but I know others may be averse to that.
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Revitalizing the Western Armenian language in Los Angeles
The Western Armenian language is endangered, but now a new generation of speakers is learning it in Los Angeles!
Armenian is a unique language in that it has an entire branch of the Indo-European language family to itself:
Also, isn’t the Armenian alphabet so cool??
(If you want to learn more about the world’s languages, you’re in the right place! Hit Follow for more!)
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Zulu is a prodrop language, since verbs already have the pronoun prefix in them you don’t need to put the pronoun separately in the sentence.
As part of a verb the pronoun prefixes are:
Ngi - I
U - You (low tone)
U - he/she (high tone)
Si - we
Ni - you all
Ba - they
And then the actual pronouns that I have yet to ever see used in front of the verb but probably should try to start remembering for other contexts:
Mina - I
Wena - You
Yena - He/she
Thina - We
Nina - You all
Bona - They
*As a side note for the few of you that will read this the subject prefix (a.k.a. subject concord) needs to agree with the case of the subject so while I’ve listed the key ones used for people there are several more I have not included here for the cases that don’t involve people
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Aquatic etymologies
The Modern Greek word for water is νερό (neró). However, this is not the standard word used historically in the Greek language. In Ancient and Koine Greek, the standard word for water was ύδωρ (íðor). As I also said in a post recently, there are not really dead words in the Greek language. For instance, ύδωρ might not be used in everyday speech anymore but nothing prevents you from doing it and being understood as long as you don’t care to be called an eccentric. But that’s the weakest of the arguments.
If you want to use a plural, namely “waters”, which is more common in Greek than in English, then the plural of ύδωρ suddenly becomes a standard, common word to use! The plural of ύδωρ is ύδατα (íðata) and it is way more acceptable in official contexts. For example, if you want to say “territorial waters”, you will say χωρικά ύδατα (horiká íðata). The plural of νερό is νερά (nerá) and it can be used only in more informal situations.
But there’s another way the word ύδωρ beats the seemingly prevalent word νερό. Although the singular νερό for water is by far the standard everyday choice and whereas the plural of both words is used in different scenarios, all, literally all derivative words associated with water come from ύδωρ only. This is something evident in the English language as well with words of Greek origin with the hydro- root i.e hydrogen, hydrological, hydrophobic and so on. The root hydro- or ύδρο- in Greek is a form coming from ύδωρ. There is resolutely no derivative word coming from νερό.
So one could make the assumption that νερό is a foreign loanword entering the language only recently or some modern lingual creation, while all water derivatives remain traditional. But the funny part is that it is not. Νερό is as Ancient Greek as ύδωρ. Νερό (neró) comes from the ancient νηρόν (nērón) meaning fresh, young, rejuvenating. The ancient Greeks would often use the phrase «νηρόν ύδωρ» (nērón hüdor in a more ancient pronunciation) meaning “fresh, rejuvenating water”. It could also mean “drinkable water”. Evidently, the word for water (νερό) in modern Greek is linked to the word for young (νεαρό - nearó) and both of course originate from the PIE root for “new” (νέο - néo in Greek).
While νερό means generally fresh and rejuvenating, it has been specifically linked to these desirable qualities of water since antiquity. This is why there is the God Νηρεύς (Nereus), son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaea (the Earth), an old god of the sea with the powers of shapeshifting and prophecy. Nereus was the father of the Nereids, lesser deities of the calm sea, one of which was Thetis, Achilles’ mother.
And here’s how the everyday plain word νερό is not at all more modern and unimpressive than the posh and archaic word ύδωρ.
Nereus
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