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aboutanancientenquiry · 1 year

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The origins of the ancient Greek drama

”Aristotle is known to have attributed the origin of Greek drama to the worship of Dionysus and the singing of Dithyrambic Odes, which admittedly, plays a big part in Greek Tragedy in 5th century Athens. However, the origin of Tragedy actually probably belongs to the worship of dead heroes, like Adrastus. F. B. Jevons points out that Herodotus reports that tragic choruses were preformed over Adrastus’ death. Meanwhile, Jevons also makes the vital point that masks were “never worn in the performances of the dithyrambic chorus” and as he says quite beautifully, “Masks and acting in Greece were inseparable; there was no acting without masks, and there were no masks without acting”. However, for the sake of being thorough, all origins of Greek tragedy, including dithyrambs, will be discussed.

Epic poetry not only provided a basis for the kind of stories tragedy would deal with, it also provided the format for language in which these stories would be told. The iambic form was discovered in the epics of The Illiad and The Odyssey and continued long into Tragedy.

Dithyrambs provide the first link to Dionysus and performance. These were odes sung to honor the god, and can be seen used by a tragic chorus in Euripides’ The Bacchae. The comedic versions of these songs, called “phallic songs” can be called the origins of comedy. Both of these songs were the beginning of the separation of leader from chorus, which is later separated even further.

These forms transformed into the Satyr plays which are often comedic and have masked Satyr chorus. Satyr plays were, of course, continued as an actual form and were present in all Great Dionysia festivals.

Finally, as Aristotle explains “it was only at a late stage that tragedy attained dignity by departing from the style of satyr-plays”. Tragedy and Comedy eventually came into being on their own. Tragedy was “gradually enhanced” as the poets changed it. Aristotle attributes the increase of actors from one to two to Aeschylus and the increase to three, as well as scene painting, to Sophocles. Thespis,where we get our modern word "thespian" introduced the use of masks. Whether or not these elements can actually be attributed to these playwrights is impossible to know, however tragedy did evolve this way and, as Aristotle puts it “when it had gone through many changes, tragedy ceased to evolve, since it had attained its natural fulfillment”. While, this is perhaps an overstatement, there is no doubt that the Greek Tragic plays of the 5th century BC were indeed some of the greatest writing, from one of the greatest civilizations the world has ever seen.”

Source: https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/13things/7415.html (the site of the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World, Brown University)

#ancient greek literature #ancient greek drama #ancient greek classics #aristotle #herodotus

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rarebuzzships · 4 years

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@rarebuzzships Holiday Event - Round Up

thanks to everyone who created, boosted and otherwise helped spread the rarepair love! we had 41 fills total! our most successful event yet! every single one of these brought me so much joy, you’re all incredible and i can’t wait to see what you do next.

please consider reading/reblogging/commenting/kudosing all of these, our creators worked so hard to bring you the gift of holiday rarepairs!

and now, for the fun stuff, the rewards!

Everyone who posted a fill will get a custom moodboard based on one of their fills made by @poiregourmande

see the full round-up under the cut

@kittensmctavish | Rareships Advent Calendar | various ratings up to M | 31 one-shots for different pairings: Shara, Ryelsey, Shandrew, Ryannie, Stinga, Keldrew, Shadam, Stelsey, Kelvan, Kelnie, Shannie, Shelsey, Sarielle, Saryan, Sharielle, Adamnie, Maryan, Adara, Nedrie, Arinedgene, Sarannie, Sarach, Zaggie, Adamrie, Sarandrew, Kelchang, Kelra, Keldam, Alvinga, Shyanara

@ebonybow | happy holidays, let smooch | sara/shane | art

@cellard0ors | hallmark’n it | kelsey i/shane | mature | 6.6k | Shane and Kelsey get snowed in at a strange hotel, in a strange town, and Kelsey's just not feeling the holiday spirit. Shane wants to help, Hallmark Christmas movie style. But as they both give in to the idea, they might find more than either expected.

@stillusesapencil | a multitude of smiles | kelsey i/ryan | gen | 1.4k | As they clean and store their skates, Kelsey says, “Hey. I’m Kelsey.” She offers him a winning smile, one that she hope compensates for the sweat clinging to her temples and neck. The guy looks up, and dear god what a smile. It’s bright and toothy and wide, and he says, “I’m Ryan.”

@businessbabybergara | if only in my dreams | maya/ryan | teen | 22k | “You’re single, right?” Maya says, arms crossed underneath her chest, looking at him with a particularly pointed look. Ryan raises his eyebrows. “Are you coming onto me?” Ryan says, grinning up at her. He likes Maya, thinks she’s gorgeous; they bond over their lack of Spanish. “Sort of?” she touches her hand to her chin, biting down on her lip. “Uh?” “I got myself into a sticky situation, and I need your help to—I sort of told my family—because they’ve been pestering me for ages about how single I am—I told them I have a boyfriend and they’re expecting him to come with me to Christmas Eve, but haha, I don’t have a boyfriend, and I know it’s a big ask, like really huge, to ask you to come hang out with me on Christmas Eve, but I don’t know anyone else who would do this." or; maya and ryan fake date for christmas.

@businessbabybergara | i’m a present and you know it (here i am boy) | kelsey d/shane | explicit | 5.3k | It’s a little after six, and he’s just gotten himself up off the couch for another beer when there’s a knock at his door; it surprises Shane entirely since it’s Christmas Eve and he isn’t expecting any visitors. When he opens the door, he’s taken aback; it’s his neighbor, Kelsey, and she’s holding up two bottles of wine. “Shove over, I need someone to drink with,” she says, and he doesn’t know what else to do but step aside and let her come waltzing in. or; shane and kelsey spend christmas eve together.

@businessbabybergara | i’ve loved you three summers now, honey | kelsey i/shane | unrated | 1.2k | Kelsey reaches to take the phone from Shane’s hand, and he lets her, and she types in the word confirmation and as the results begin to populate, Kelsey filters through them, until she sees one in particular that makes her breath catch in her throat, fingers frozen. She doesn’t click on it, and Shane snatches his phone away from her, and they stare at each other; she’s never seen panic in his eyes. Shane doesn’t scare easily. But here, his brown, Tennessee whiskey eyes are looking at her and then he looks away and Kelsey stares blindly at the television. or; kelsey finds out just how much shane loves her.

@stillusesapencil | with love | ryan/sara/shane | gen | 1.4k | She’d like it to be somewhat special. It’s their first Christmas as a trouple, and on top of that, the boys just launched Watcher, and she’s so proud of them. This just needs to be something more than a bottle of cologne, or the vintage shaving set she’d bought Shane last year, or the matching Harry Potter scarves they’d gotten before that.Why does gift giving have to be so hard?

MOD FILLS by @poiregourmande

shelsey headcanons | kelsey i/shane

tell me baby, do you recognize me? | mulaney/shane | teen | 2.1k | it would be a shame if shane ran into an old flame as he's flying home for his first christmas with his new boyfriend, wouldn't it?

we’re here tonight (and that’s enough) | adam/andrew/annie/kelsey i/marielle/ryan/sara/shane/steven/thespi | teen | 3.4k | hear ye, hear ye, holiday baking extravaganza at andrew & thespi’s this saturday afternoon be there or you might miss a holiday smooch from the shanester

shipper goggles | alvin/kelsey i | gen | 1.6k | Kelsey's appearance on Alvin’s Making It Big is one of these rare exceptions to YouTube comment sections, which couldn’t be more harmonious — the unanimous observation is that Kelsey and Alvin were unequivocally on their first date.

#rarebuzzfeedholidays #shelsey #shyanara #ryelsey #buzzfic #fic recs #round up post #challenge

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nemesisbinxartifactseries · 4 years

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Artifact Series T

T. B. Beet's Bullet

T.E. Lawrence's Motorcycle

T.E. Lawrence's Thawb Robe

T.S. Eliot's Food Bowl

TableTop Fiasco Dice

Tacky Taste Inducing Plastic Flamingo

Tactical Soccer Ball *

Taharqa's Figures

Tails Doll

Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen‘s Hand Prayer Wheel

Takeda Shingen’s War Fan

Tallulah Bankhead's Bentley

Talos

Taman Shud Note

Tamaya Fireworks from the 1843 Sumidagawa Festival

Tamerlane’s Tomb

Tamsin Blight's Cauldron

Tanaka Tadayoshi's Iron Snake

Tanaka Hisashige’s Karakuri Puppets

Tantalus' Manacles

Tanto Blade Set *

Taoist Monk Gunpowder

Taranis' Wheel

TARDIS Stage Prop

Tarnhelm

Tarrare's Wooden Box

Taxidermied Cow

Tay Zonday's Microphone

Taylor Swift's Banjo

Tea Box from the Boston Tea Party

Teamaster's Teapot

Teapot Containing an Actual Tempest

Teapot of Kuraokami

Techno Viking's Watter Bottle

Ted Bundy's Bracelet

Ted Kaczynski's Typewriter

Ted Kennedy's Turn Signal *

Ted Longshaw's AA Batteries

Ted Serios' Polaroid Camera

Ted Williams' Cardboard Sign

Telegraph from Oman *

Teleporting Pencil Sharpener *

Teleporting Rabbit Tail

Teles’ Lyre

Temperature Sensitive Silver Sugar Tongs

Temporal Pocket Watch

Teresa of Avila's Bottle of Holy Water

Teresa of Avila's Cross Necklace

Teressa Bellissimo's Platter

Terri-Jean Bedford's Leather Bondage Straps

Terry Fox's Marathon T-shirt

Terry Pratchett's Trunk

Terror Mask

Tex Avery's Glasses

TF2 Artifacts

Thaddeus Cahill's Teleharmonium Keyboard *

Thaddeus S.C. Lowe’s Enterprise

Thai Ngoc's Pillow

Thales of Miletus' Amber

Thales' Chalice

The Blonde's '56 White T-bird

The Breeder's Informational Book of Living Examples

The Exorcist Final Edit

The Flowergirls

The Great Gama's Silver Mace

The Great Omani's Handcuffs

The Hands Resist Him

The Haunting of Hill House

The Old Man and the Sea

The Red Baron's Triplane

"The Rose" from Notre-Dame de Reims

The Scarlet Pimpernel

The Thing Transmitter

The Three Stooges' Tuxedos

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

Themistocles' Ostracon

Theodore Gericault's The Raft of the Medusa

Theodore H. Maiman's Safety Visor

Theodore Roosevelt's Bullet

Theodore Roosevelt's Hunting Rifle

Theodore Roosevelt's Glasses

Theodore Roosevelt's Teddy Bear *

Theodor Seuss Geisel's Typewriter Keys

Theodor Seuss Geisel's Grinch Santa Hat

Theodor Seuss Geisel's Reindeer Antlers

Theodosius I's Second Obelisk

Thelonious Monk's Hatstand

Theophilus of Adana's Contract Seal

Theodosius of Bathynia's Sundial (canon)

Theophilus Carter's Alarm Clock

Thespis' Robes

Thetis' Necklace

Thich Quang Duc's Candle

Thomas Allbutt's Thermometer

Thomas Anstey Guthrie's Stone

Thomas Blood’s Mallet

Thomas Busby's Stoop Chair

Thomas Byle's Altar Stone

Thomas Cole's "The Course of An Empire"

Thomas Cole’s “The Titan’s Goblet”

Thomas Crapper's Handbell

Thomas Edison's Bioelectric Stagecoach *

Thomas Edison's Wax Cylinder *

Thomas Hitchcock, Sr.'s Crop

Thomas Jeckyll's Tool Rests

Thomas Jefferson’s Lap Desk

Thomas Jefferson's Quill

Thomas Jefferson's Wheel Cipher

Thomas Jefferson's Wig

Thomas Jeffries' Boomerang*

Thomas J. Maloney's Gavel

Thomas Kyd's Quill

Thomas Midgley, Jr.’s Gas Pump

Thomas More's Pendant

Thomas Nast's Art Kit

Thomas Nast's Wood Engraving, Caught

Thomas Noguchi's Badge

Thomas Oliphant's Stocking

Thomas Seddon's Palette

Thomas Stevens’ Penny-Farthing

Thomas Tate Tobin’s Sack

Thomas Townsend Brown's Gravitator

Thomas Wedgewood's Champagne Glass *

Thor's Belt

Thor's Gauntlets

Thor's Hammer *

Thought Recording Phonograph

The Three Golden Devil Hairs

Three Witches' Cauldrons from Macbeth

Threshold of Limentinus *

Thunderstone Axe

Thuringia Healing Blade

Tiberius' Goblet

Tibetian Chimes

Tide Jewels

Tigers Eye Crystal

Tiglath-Pileser III’s Chariot

Tiles from the Orleans Parish Women's Prison

Tilly Smith’s Towel

The Tinkers' Black Armbands

Tim Berners-Lee NeXT Computer

Tim Horton's Coffee Cup Tray

Time-Slowing Toaster

Times Square News Ticker *

Timo Pitkämö's Sparkler

Timoclea's Diadem

Timon of Athens's Toga

Timothy Dexter’s Coal

Timothy Leary's Reading Glasses *

Timothy McVeigh's T-Shirt

Tin Pan from the Klondike Gold Rush

Tin Pan from Tin Pan Alley *

Tin Toy Cars

The Tip of Mt.McKinley

Tipu's Tiger

Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Japa Mala

Tithonus' Lyre

Tito Puente's Original Studio Master of "Oye Como Va" *

Titus Andronicus's Gladius

Titus Salt's Ottoman

Titus' Quadriga

Tobias Bamberg’s Ball

Todd McFarlane's Pen

Tod Sloan's Boots

Toga from 'Animal House'

Toilet Paper Roll

Tollund Man Rope

Tomahawk Reflex Hammer *

Tomas de Torquemada's Chain *

Tom Emanski’s Video Tapes

Tom Higgins' Pie Tin

Tom Ketchum's Hat

Tom Lehrer's Piano

Tom Selleck's Mustache Comb

Tom Smith's Badge

Tomas de Torquemada's Torch *

Tomb of Genghis Khan

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Tommy Cooper's Fez

Tommy Johnson's Guitar

Tommy Wiseau's Spoon

Tony Hawk's Kneepads

Tony Montana's M16A2

Tony Sarg's Felix the Cat Balloon

Topsy the Elephant's Chain

Torch of Thanatos *

Torii from Nagasaki

Torso from the Statue of Anthony the Great

Tortoiseshell Comb from Ashtead Villa

Toxic Red Rose *

Toy Box from "Children of The Corn"

Toy Kitchen

Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Sandals

Trading Cards of the 2008 Detroit Lions Team

Trail of Tears Quilt

Trail of Tears Turquoise Ring

Training Flight 22 *

Train Throttle from the Great Hinckley Fire

Transversal Hotel Key

"Transylvanian's" Glam Rock Costumes from Rocky Horror Picture Show

Trayvon Martin's Hoodie

Tree from the Rockefeller Center

Tree of Idun

Trent Kimball’s Windshield

Trevilian of Lyonesse's Horse Saddle

Trim Tab of The Voodoo Chile

Tripping Shoelace

Trismegistos' Emerald Tablets

The Trojan Horse *

The Troll Glass

Tropical Paradise 'Almond Joy'

Trowel from the Great Wall

Trunk from Bramshill House

Tsunokuma Sekiso's Gunbai

Tsutomu Yamaguchi's Stamp

Tūmatauenga’s Patu

Túpac Amaru’s Quipu

Tupac Shakur's Gold Necklace

Turret from the Great Wall of China

Turtle Doves Christmas Ornament

Tutankhamen's Ankh

Tuxedo Mask's Rose

Twelfth Night Yellow Stockings and Cross Garters

Twelve Days of Christmas Pear Tree

Twin Chairs from "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?"

Twisted Plant Stand of Revenge*

Twister

Tycho Brahe's Prosthetic Noses *

Tyler Gressle's Yu-Gi-Oh Card

Tyndale's Infinite Lathe *

The Types & Printing Press from the Type Riot of Toronto

Typhon's Scale

Tyreese's Hammer

Tyr's Right Hand

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