¡Viva La Huelga! ¡Viva Los Campesinos!

Celebrating the life and work of Cesar Chavez, 2024.

List of Latino actors in Star Trek

I'm assuming that this is asking for a list of Latino actors in Star Trek, and since we're nearing the end of Hispanic Heritage Month, I compiled an incomplete list of Hispanic and Latine Actors in Star Trek.

Firstly, there are various main cast members:

Robert Beltran: Plays Chakotay in Voyager and Prodigy, Mexican-American

Roxann Dawson: Played B'Elanna Torres in Voyager, Puerto Rican

Zoe Saldaña: Played Nyota Uhura in the AOS films, Dominican/Puerto Rican

Wilson Cruz: Plays Hugh Culber in Discovery, Puerto Rican

Blu del Barrio: Plays Adira Tal in Discovery, Argentinian-American

Santiago Cabrera: Plays Cristóbal Ríos in Picard, Chilean

Noël Wells: Plays D'Vana Tendi in Lower Decks, part Mexican

Rylee Alazraqui: Plays Rok-Tahk in Prodigy, Argentinian-American

Melissa Navia: Plays Erica Ortegas in SNW, Columbian-American

And then there's those playing more minor roles. I mostly kept to those that played named characters.

Perry Lopez: Played Esteban Rodríguez in TOS, Puerto Rican

Ricardo Montalbán: Played Khan Noonien Singh in TOS and films, Mexican

Percy Rodríguez: Played (Commodore) Stone in TOS, Afro-Portuguese

Ned Romero: Played Krell, Anthwara, and Chakotay's grandfather in TOS, TNG, and Voyager

George de la Peña: Played Solis in TNG, Argentinian-American

Carlos Ferro: Played Dern in TNG

Cástulo Guerra: Played Mendoza in TNG, Argentinian

Frank Luz: Played Odan in TNG

Benito Martínez: Played Salazar in TNG, Guatemalan-American

Gina Ravera: Played Tyler in TNG, Puerto Rican

Marco Rodríguez: Played Paul Rice and Telle in TNG

Benita Andre: Played Anara in DS9, Guatemalan-American

Carlos Carrasco: Played D'Ghor, Bahrat, and Krole in DS9 and Voyager, Panamanian-American

Raymond Cruz: Played Vargas in DS9, Mexican-American

Bertila Damas: Played Sakonna, Three of Nine, and Marika Wilkarah in DS9 and Voyager, Cuban-American

Carlos LaCamara: Played Retaya in DS9, Cuban

F.J. Rio: Played Enrique Muñiz in DS9

Gregory Sierra: Played Entek in DS9

Daniel Zacapa: Played Henry Garcia in DS9, Honduran

Kamala Lopez: Played Tincoo in Voyager

Douglas Spain: Played young Chakotay in Voyager

Philip Anthony-Rodríguez: Played Juan in Enterprise

Michelle C. Bonilla: Played Bu'kaH in Enterprise, Chicana

Josh Cruze: Played Ramírez in Enterprise

Efrain Figueroa: Voiced universal translator in Enterprise

Hilde Garcia: Played Rossi and various background characters in Enterprise and Voyager, Cuban-American

Ricky Luna: Played Carlos in Enterprise

Ada Maris: Played Erika Hernández in Enterprise, Mexican-American

Enrique Murciano: Played Tolaris in Enterprise, Cuban-American

Marco Sanchez: Played M. Romero in Enterprise

Geno Silva: Played Vrax in Enterprise, Mexican-American

Clifton Collins Jr.: Played Ayel in the AOS films, Mexican-American

Amanda Arcuri: Played Val Sasha in Discovery, Argentinian/Italian

Ache Hernández: Played Kyheem in Discovery, Cuban

Xavier Sotelo: Played Diego Vera in Discovery

Sol Rodríguez: Played Teresa Ramírez in Picard, Argentinian

Carlos Alazraqui: Plays Les Buenamigo in Lower Decks, Argentinian-American

Gabrielle Ruiz: Plays Lemonts, Castro, and T'Lyn in Lower Decks, Mexican-American

Melissa Villaseñor: Plays Nandi in Prodigy

Carlos Albornoz: Played Buckley in SNW, Latino-Canadian

Oscar Moreno: Plays Zuniga in SNW, Columbian

LP III

Ludi Plebeii Day 3, and as you can see above, it rained last night, so things were a little damp out there today, although it had stopped by this morning. It DID NOT cool off any, and it was once again almost too warm for my hoodie, so I may take a lighter hooded jacket out there tomorrow, although I’ve got a light decorative scarf somewhere close to hand that I could use to veil, I think.

Anyway, this is one of the days that kind of slides around a little - there’s a day around this time that I’ve devoted to an American Triad of goddesses plus Fortuna America, which I’ll generally try to place on Election Day, if it’s an election year, and on off-years, it usually happens on day three. But I’ve moved it to Tuesday this year, and then moved some other things around it, and so today was devoted to honoring an ancestor cohort that I call the Antesignani, the standard bearers - movement leaders of history, MLK and John Lewis, Mary Harris Jones and Joe Hill, César Chavez and Philip Vera Cruz, Lucy Stone and Ida B. Wells, Florynce Kennedy, Franklin Kameny and Del Martin and Marsha P. Johnson, Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman, and a bunch of others. In addition to the general invocation and offering of grits, there’s also a litany of names honoring representative individuals, local and national, with a scattering of grits for each, before I pull the omen.

Omen today was ... ok, so here’s what happened: When I went to pull the first rune, the “needs” rune, two came out together: isa, ice, a pause, a hold, like staying still and calm and frozen, and jera, the wheel of the year, the inevitable turn of the seasons and the cycle of sowing, growth and harvest. These two actually fall in this order in the traditional listing of the elder futhark, and I feel like they were complementary in this pull - I had a sense of ... of needing to know when to move and when to hold, because both are appropriate at different times. I did then cast the two of them, with the intention of asking, which one RIGHT NOW? and jera landed face-up, so I took that as the actual omen, but I kept isa out as a kind of superscript for it. So, as a “needs” rune, I’m looking at this jera as the necessity of doing the work of sowing and planting that’s going to guarantee the annual harvest. Blessing rune was mannaz, which always feels appropriate for this group - the self, but specifically within social networks, networks of being and belonging, your place in the world. One of the interesting things about mannaz is that it also is a twinned wunjo, the rune for joy, looking back at itself, which I feel like says something about our interactions with other people when we're in positive places in those networks. Once again, getting some really nice stuff, so far this year.

Shadow rune, where we’re standing now, was once again elhaz, protection, and here’s the thing - context matters, and meanings shift, and this didn’t feel cramped today, the way it did yesterday. It felt like reassurance.

Filipino Farmworkers Movement

By Christian Buco

Background

Filipino began arriving in the United States to be immigrants and seek economic opportunities in agriculture. Farmworkers faced harsh working conditions, racial discrimination, and low wages. An example, Workers faced harsh and unsanitary working conditions in the fields. Long hours of labor under the sun without breaks, lack of clean water and restroom, and exposure to harmful pesticides.

Delano Grape Strike

Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a group of Filipino farmworkers, demanded a raise both on hourly wages and piece rate. Hourly wage from $1.25 to $1.40. Piece rate from ten cents to twenty-five cents a box of grapes packed.

The strike was led by two people, Larry Itliong and Ben Gines. Cesar Chavez was the leader of National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), a Mexican farmworkers, joined the strike. The growers refused to negotiate with the farmworkers and hired replacement workers from Oregon, Texas, and Mexico to complete the fall 1965 harvest.

The Boycott Campaign

NFWA first boycott targeted Schenley Industries, second largest grower in Delano. Schenley is known for liquor sales each year. Organizers and volunteers picket businesses like grocery stores, bars, and liquor stores that sold Schenley products. NFWA targeted the exclusion of farmworkers from the National Labor Relations Act, which led to growers to refuse to recognize farmworker unions. The passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 created new framework for farmworker organizing. Chavez argued to U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor in 1966. This grant farm workers the right to form unions and bargain with grower.

"The whole system of occupational discrimination must be killed just like the discrimination against people of color is being challenged in Washington. This, and nothing more, is what farmworkers want." -Chavez

March to Sacramento

UFW organized a march from Delano to Sacramento in 1966. Most of them Mexican American and Filipino. 280 miles to the north. This symbolized the unity between different ethnic groups in the farm labor movement.

Victories

The movement led to the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act. This legislation helped farmworkers the right to organize and bargain collectively. The Filipino farmworkers movement help influence labor rights and social justice activism.

People involved

Cesar Chavez is a labor leader and civil rights activist who played a pivotal role in the farm labor movement in the United States. Co-founder of the United Farm Workers (UFW) union and lead nonviolent protests and strikes to improve working conditions of agricultural laborers. He was focused on the rights of Mexican and Filipino farmworkers.

Larry Itliong was a Filipino labor leader and a key figure in the farm labor movement. He initiated the Delano grape strike in 1965 and was the reason for the formation of the UFW union. He collaborated with Cesar Chavez.

Philip Vera Cruz was a Filipino labor leader and farmworker activist. Like Larry Itliong, he was a key figure in the farm labor movement. Contributed to the movement's success and the fight for fair labor conditions.

Summary

The Filipino farmworkers movement was centered in California. Filipino and Mexican advocated for improved working conditions, fair wages, and the right to collective bargaining. The movement was a key event that helped with farm labor rights. It contributed to a broader understanding of the importance of unity and collective action in the fight for social and economic justice. It is still impactful because it will be ongoing to improve conditions for workers across different industries.

Sources

Events 6.11

173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain". 631 – Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang. 786 – A Hasanid Alid uprising in Mecca is crushed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Fakhkh. 980 – Vladimir the Great consolidates the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. He is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'. 1011 – Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of Bari rise up against the Lombard rebels led by Melus and deliver the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. 1118 – Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks. 1157 – Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first margrave. 1345 – The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners. 1429 – Hundred Years' War: Start of the Battle of Jargeau. 1488 – Battle of Sauchieburn: Fought between rebel Lords and James III of Scotland, resulting in the death of the king. 1509 – Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon. 1559 – Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico). 1594 – Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines). 1748 – Denmark adopts the characteristic Nordic Cross flag later taken up by all other Scandinavian countries. 1770 – British explorer Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef. 1775 – The American Revolutionary War's first naval engagement, the Battle of Machias, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel. 1776 – The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston to the Committee of Five to draft a declaration of independence. 1788 – Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska. 1805 – A fire consumes large portions of Detroit in the Michigan Territory. 1825 – The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City. 1837 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish. 1865 – The Naval Battle of the Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War. 1892 – The Limelight Department, one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia. 1895 – Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place. 1898 – The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.) 1901 – The boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand are extended by the UK to include the Cook Islands. 1903 – A group of Serbian officers storms the royal palace and assassinates King Alexander I of Serbia and his wife, Queen Draga. 1917 – King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father, Constantine I, is deemed to have abdicated under pressure from allied armies occupying Athens. 1919 – Sir Barton wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown. 1920 – During the U.S. Republican National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Republican Party leaders gathered in a room at the Blackstone Hotel to come to a consensus on their candidate for the U.S. presidential election, leading the Associated Press to coin the political phrase "smoke-filled room". 1935 – Inventor Edwin Armstrong gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States at Alpine, New Jersey. 1936 – The London International Surrealist Exhibition opens. 1937 – Great Purge: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders. 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan starts. 1940 – World War II: The Siege of Malta begins with a series of Italian air raids. 1942 – World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union. 1942 – Free French Forces retreat from Bir Hakeim after having successfully delayed the Axis advance. 1944 – USS Missouri, the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned. 1955 – Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports. 1956 – Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150. 1962 – Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin allegedly become the only prisoners to escape from the prison on Alcatraz Island. 1963 – American Civil Rights Movement: Governor of Alabama George Wallace defiantly stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard troops, they are able to register. 1963 – Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam. 1963 – John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which would revolutionize American society by guaranteeing equal access to public facilities, ending segregation in education, and guaranteeing federal protection for voting rights. 1964 – World War II veteran Walter Seifert attacks an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance. 1968 – Lloyd J. Old identified the first cell surface antigens that could differentiate among different cell types. 1970 – After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first women to do so. 1971 – The U.S. Government forcibly removes the last holdouts to the Native American Occupation of Alcatraz, ending 19 months of control. 1978 – Altaf Hussain founds the student political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University. 1981 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000. 1987 – Diane Abbott, Paul Boateng and Bernie Grant are elected as the first black MPs in Great Britain. 1998 – Compaq Computer pays US$9 billion for Digital Equipment Corporation in the largest high-tech acquisition. 2001 – Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing. 2002 – Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress. 2004 – Cassini–Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn moon Phoebe. 2007 – Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh, kill 130 people. 2008 – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper makes a historic official apology to Canada's First Nations in regard to abuses at a Canadian Indian residential school. 2008 – The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched into orbit. 2010 – The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa. 2012 – More than 80 people die in a landslide triggered by two earthquakes in Afghanistan; an entire village is buried. 2013 – Greece's public broadcaster ERT is shut down by then-prime minister Antonis Samaras. It would open exactly two years later by then-prime minister Alexis Tsipras.

This #AAPIHeritageMonth, we're celebrating a life of labor leader and civil rights activist, Philip Vera Cruz.

Known for his influential role in the Farm Worker Movement, Philip Vera Cruz led strikes and protests across California in the 1950s and 60s to demand fair wages and better working conditions for migrant workers. Vera Cruz was at the forefront of the Delano Grape Strike, where farmers in Coachella and Delano demanded grape growers pay their workers equal to the federal minimum wage.

On the Meeting of Garcia Lorca and Hart Crane

BY PHILIP LEVINE

Brooklyn, 1929. Of course Crane’s

been drinking and has no idea who

this curious Andalusian is, unable

even to speak the language of poetry.

The young man who brought them

together knows both Spanish and English,

but he has a headache from jumping

back and forth from one language

to another. For a moment’s relief

he goes to the window to look

down on the East River, darkening

below as the early night comes on.

Something flashes across his sight,

a double vision of such horror

he has to slap both his hands across

his mouth to keep from screaming.

Let’s not be frivolous, let’s

not pretend the two poets gave

each other wisdom or love or

even a good time, let’s not

invent a dialogue of such eloquence

that even the ants in your own

house won’t forget it. The two

greatest poetic geniuses alive

meet, and what happens? A vision

comes to an ordinary man staring

at a filthy river. Have you ever

had a vision? Have you ever shaken

your head to pieces and jerked back

at the image of your young son

falling through open space, not

from the stern of a ship bound

from Vera Cruz to New York but from

the roof of the building he works on?

Have you risen from bed to pace

until dawn to beg a merciless God

to take these pictures away? Oh, yes,

let’s bless the imagination. It gives

us the myths we live by. Let’s bless

the visionary power of the human—

the only animal that’s got it—,

bless the exact image of your father

dead and mine dead, bless the images

that stalk the corners of our sights

and will not let go. The young man

was my cousin, Arthur Lierberman,

then a language student at Columbia,

who told me all this before he died

quietly in his sleep in 1983

in a hotel in Perugia. A good man,

Arthur, he survived graduate school,

later came home to Detroit and sold

pianos right through the Depression.

He loaned my brother a used one

to compose hideous songs on,

which Arthur thought were genius.

What an imagination Arthur had!

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/52174/on-the-meeting-of-garcia-lorca-and-hart-crane

Audio Included

During Asian American Pacific Islander Heritage Month, read and learn about Philip Vera Cruz. For educational purposes and awareness by @taaforg https://www.instagram.com/p/CdOi_aQPUZL/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

Summary of who is Philip Vera Cruz. Content and education by @taaforg https://www.instagram.com/p/CdOihGpvDDe/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

8 Things You Probably Didn’t Know About the Delano Grape Strike

It's Labor Day Weekend in the U.S.! So here's a #Throwback video on one of the most significant labor rights movements in the history of the United States. Watch and learn more about the historic Delano Grape Strike! 🍇✊

September 8, 2017, will also mark the 52nd anniversary of the beginning of the grape strike. Join the Filipino American community in this year's Delano Manongs Tour & Tribute! RSVP today at http://bit.ly/2woSZi2

Delano Manongs Tour & Tribute 2017

(hosted by Filipino American National Historical Society/Delano Chapter& LEAD Filipino)

Date: Saturday, September 9th, 12pm Filipino Community Hall 1457 Glenwood Ave, Delano, CA 93215

For more information, contact my dear friend Jay Page ([email protected])

-- Like: facebook.com/kirbynoodle Subscribe (YouTube): goo.gl/yDgQmK Ask me: http://bit.ly/2hODz2T Salamat! <3 #KnowHistoryKnowSelf #NoHistoryNoSelf

Do you have any nonfiction book recs if you don’t mind me asking?

omg sure!

savage appetites: true stories of women crime and obsession

cultish by amanda montell

times square red, times square blue by samuel r delaney

the making of asian america by erika lee

war making and state making as organized crime by charles tilly

the rhetorical presidency by jeffrey tulis

making the news by amber e boydstun

philip vera cruz: a personal history of filipino immigrants and the farmworkers movement by craig scharlin and lilia v. villanueva

revolting prostitutes: the fight for sex workers rights by molly smith and juno mac

transgender history by susan stryker

freakonomics

the anthropologist from mars

*a few of these i haven't read in a while, and a few i only read sections of but would still rec. i'll add more as i remember them <3

LP III

Quick hit, so I can get to bed and get up to do it all over in the AM ...

Day three of LP, and I slid this one forward a bit, devoted to an Ancestor cohort I work with as the Antesignani, the Standardbearers - movement leaders of history, people like MLK and John Lewis, Mary Harris Jones and Joe Hill, César Chavez and Philip Vera Cruz, Lucy Stone and Ida B. Wells, Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman, and a bunch of others. There's a litany that goes with this one, with the naming and honoring of representative individuals - both national and local - and an offering, a scattering of grits for each; I usually walk a spiral, winding into the center, back to my fire from the outside edges, when I do this at the plaza, but it was at my little personal altar today, with grits into the offering bowl, before getting ready for work.

That - that is a pretty straightforward omen, particularly from this group. Tiwaz for the needs - justice, honor, victory; one of the runes I write on my palms any time I go out to participate in any kind of direct action, this one's pretty clearly "work for justice." Jera for the blessings, the sometimes slow but inexorable turn of the wheel, the harvest coming, bearing fruit. Step by step, the longest march can be won. Perthro, the cauldron of potential, for the shadow rune, where we're standing now.

the more i read about filipino history in the us the angrier i get

look out world i’m about to be a walking talking smoldering FilAm of hate

Events 6.11

173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle of the rain". 631 – Emperor Taizong of Tang sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk in order to seek the release of Chinese prisoners captured during the transition from Sui to Tang. 786 – A Hasanid Alid uprising in Mecca is crushed by the Abbasids at the Battle of Fakhkh. 980 – Vladimir the Great consolidates the Kievan realm from Ukraine to the Baltic Sea. He is proclaimed ruler (knyaz) of all Kievan Rus'. 1011 – Lombard Revolt: Greek citizens of Bari rise up against the Lombard rebels led by Melus and deliver the city to Basil Mesardonites, Byzantine governor (catepan) of the Catepanate of Italy. 1118 – Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, captures Azaz from the Seljuk Turks. 1157 – Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first margrave. 1345 – The megas doux Alexios Apokaukos, chief minister of the Byzantine Empire, is lynched by political prisoners. 1429 – Hundred Years' War: Start of the Battle of Jargeau. 1488 – Battle of Sauchieburn: Fought between rebel Lords and James III of Scotland, resulting in the death of the king. 1509 – Henry VIII of England marries Catherine of Aragon. 1559 – Don Tristan de Luna y Arellano sails for Florida with party of 1,500, intending to settle on gulf coast (Vera Cruz, Mexico). 1594 – Philip II recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paved way to the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía (an elite ruling class of native nobility in Spanish Philippines). 1748 – Denmark adopts the characteristic Nordic Cross flag later taken up by all other Scandinavian countries. 1770 – British explorer Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef. 1775 – The American Revolutionary War's first naval engagement, the Battle of Machias, results in the capture of a small British naval vessel. 1776 – The Continental Congress appoints Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston to the Committee of Five to draft a declaration of independence. 1788 – Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska. 1805 – A fire consumes large portions of Detroit in the Michigan Territory. 1825 – The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City. 1837 – The Broad Street Riot occurs in Boston, fueled by ethnic tensions between Yankees and Irish. 1865 – The Naval Battle of the Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War. 1892 – The Limelight Department, one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia. 1895 – Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, sometimes called the first automobile race in history or the "first motor race", takes place. 1898 – The Hundred Days' Reform, a planned movement to reform social, political, and educational institutions in China, is started by the Guangxu Emperor, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days. (The failed reform led to the abolition of the Imperial examination in 1905.) 1901 – The boundaries of the Colony of New Zealand are extended by the UK to include the Cook Islands. 1903 – A group of Serbian officers storms the royal palace and assassinates King Alexander I of Serbia and his wife, Queen Draga. 1917 – King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father, Constantine I, is deemed to have abdicated under pressure from allied armies occupying Athens. 1919 – Sir Barton wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the first horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown. 1920 – During the U.S. Republican National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Republican Party leaders gathered in a room at the Blackstone Hotel to come to a consensus on their candidate for the U.S. presidential election, leading the Associated Press to coin the political phrase "smoke-filled room". 1935 – Inventor Edwin Armstrong gives the first public demonstration of FM broadcasting in the United States at Alpine, New Jersey. 1936 – The London International Surrealist Exhibition opens. 1937 – Great Purge: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin executes eight army leaders. 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Wuhan starts. 1940 – World War II: The Siege of Malta begins with a series of Italian air raids. 1942 – World War II: The United States agrees to send Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union. 1942 – Free French Forces retreat from Bir Hakeim after having successfully delayed the Axis advance. 1944 – USS Missouri, the last battleship built by the United States Navy and future site of the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, is commissioned. 1955 – Eighty-three spectators are killed and at least 100 are injured after an Austin-Healey and a Mercedes-Benz collide at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the deadliest ever accident in motorsports. 1956 – Start of Gal Oya riots, the first reported ethnic riots that target minority Sri Lankan Tamils in the Eastern Province. The total number of deaths is reportedly 150. 1962 – Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin allegedly become the only prisoners to escape from the prison on Alcatraz Island. 1963 – American Civil Rights Movement: Governor of Alabama George Wallace defiantly stands at the door of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama in an attempt to block two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from attending that school. Later in the day, accompanied by federalized National Guard troops, they are able to register. 1963 – Buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burns himself with gasoline in a busy Saigon intersection to protest the lack of religious freedom in South Vietnam. 1963 – John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which would revolutionize American society by guaranteeing equal access to public facilities, ending segregation in education, and guaranteeing federal protection for voting rights. 1964 – World War II veteran Walter Seifert attacks an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance. 1968 – Lloyd J. Old identified the first cell surface antigens that could differentiate among different cell types. 1970 – After being appointed on May 15, Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington officially receive their ranks as U.S. Army Generals, becoming the first women to do so. 1971 – The U.S. Government forcibly removes the last holdouts to the Native American Occupation of Alcatraz, ending 19 months of control. 1978 – Altaf Hussain founds the student political movement All Pakistan Muhajir Students Organisation (APMSO) in Karachi University. 1981 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake at Golbaf, Iran, kills at least 2,000. 1987 – Diane Abbott, Paul Boateng and Bernie Grant are elected as the first black MPs in Great Britain. 1998 – Compaq Computer pays US$9 billion for Digital Equipment Corporation in the largest high-tech acquisition. 2001 – Timothy McVeigh is executed for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing. 2002 – Antonio Meucci is acknowledged as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress. 2004 – Cassini–Huygens makes its closest flyby of the Saturn moon Phoebe. 2007 – Mudslides in Chittagong, Bangladesh, kill 130 people. 2008 – Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper makes a historic official apology to Canada's First Nations in regard to abuses at a Canadian Indian residential school. 2008 – The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched into orbit. 2010 – The first African FIFA World Cup kicks off in South Africa. 2012 – More than 80 people die in a landslide triggered by two earthquakes in Afghanistan; an entire village is buried. 2013 – Greece's public broadcaster ERT is shut down by then-prime minister Antonis Samaras. It would open exactly two years later by then-prime minister Alexis Tsipras.

Here are the top 500 baby name meaning!

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1. Top 500 baby name meaning

Rank Male name Female name 1 Liam Emma 2 Noah Olivia 3 William Ava 4 James Isabella 5 Oliver Sophia 6 Benjamin Charlotte 7 Elijah Mia 8 Lucas Amelia 9 Mason Harper 10 Logan Evelyn 11 Alexander Abigail 12 Ethan Emily 13 Jacob Elizabeth 14 Michael Mila 15 Daniel Ella 16 Henry Avery 17 Jackson Sofia 18 Sebastian Camila 19 Aiden Aria 20 Matthew Scarlett 21 Samuel Victoria 22 David Madison 23 Joseph Luna 24 Carter Grace 25 Owen Chloe 26 Wyatt Penelope 27 John Layla 28 Jack Riley 29 Luke Zoey 30 Jayden Nora 31 Dylan Lily 32 Grayson Eleanor 33 Levi Hannah 34 Isaac Lillian 35 Gabriel Addison 36 Julian Aubrey 37 Mateo Ellie 38 Anthony Stella 39 Jaxon Natalie 40 Lincoln Zoe 41 Joshua Leah 42 Christopher Hazel 43 Andrew Violet 44 Theodore Aurora 45 Caleb Savannah 46 Ryan Audrey 47 Asher Brooklyn 48 Nathan Bella 49 Thomas Claire 50 Leo Skylar 51 Isaiah Lucy 52 Charles Paisley 53 Josiah Everly 54 Hudson Anna 55 Christian Caroline 56 Hunter Nova 57 Connor Genesis 58 Eli Emilia 59 Ezra Kennedy 60 Aaron Samantha 61 Landon Maya 62 Adrian Willow 63 Jonathan Kinsley 64 Nolan Naomi 65 Jeremiah Aaliyah 66 Easton Elena 67 Elias Sarah 68 Colton Ariana 69 Cameron Allison 70 Carson Gabriella 71 Robert Alice 72 Angel Madelyn 73 Maverick Cora 74 Nicholas Ruby 75 Dominic Eva 76 Jaxson Serenity 77 Greyson Autumn 78 Adam Adeline 79 Ian Hailey 80 Austin Gianna 81 Santiago Valentina 82 Jordan Isla 83 Cooper Eliana 84 Brayden Quinn 85 Roman Nevaeh 86 Evan Ivy 87 Ezekiel Sadie 88 Xavier Piper 89 Jose Lydia 90 Jace Alexa 91 Jameson Josephine 92 Leonardo Emery 93 Bryson Julia 94 Axel Delilah 95 Everett Arianna 96 Parker Vivian 97 Kayden Kaylee 98 Miles Sophie 99 Sawyer Brielle 100 Jason Madeline 101 Declan Peyton 102 Weston Rylee 103 Micah Clara 104 Ayden Hadley 105 Wesley Melanie 106 Luca Mackenzie 107 Vincent Reagan 108 Damian Adalynn 109 Zachary Liliana 110 Silas Aubree 111 Gavin Jade 112 Chase Katherine 113 Kai Isabelle 114 Emmett Natalia 115 Harrison Raelynn 116 Nathaniel Maria 117 Kingston Athena 118 Cole Ximena 119 Tyler Arya 120 Bennett Leilani 121 Bentley Taylor 122 Ryker Faith 123 Tristan Rose 124 Brandon Kylie 125 Kevin Alexandra 126 Luis Mary 127 George Margaret 128 Ashton Lyla 129 Rowan Ashley 130 Braxton Amaya 131 Ryder Eliza 132 Gael Brianna 133 Ivan Bailey 134 Diego Andrea 135 Maxwell Khloe 136 Max Jasmine 137 Carlos Melody 138 Kaiden Iris 139 Juan Isabel 140 Maddox Norah 141 Justin Annabelle 142 Waylon Valeria 143 Calvin Emerson 144 Giovanni Adalyn 145 Jonah Ryleigh 146 Abel Eden 147 Jayce Emersyn 148 Jesus Anastasia 149 Amir Kayla 150 King Alyssa 151 Beau Juliana 152 Camden Charlie 153 Alex Esther 154 Jasper Ariel 155 Malachi Cecilia 156 Brody Valerie 157 Jude Alina 158 Blake Molly 159 Emmanuel Reese 160 Eric Aliyah 161 Brooks Lilly 162 Elliot Parker 163 Antonio Finley 164 Abraham Morgan 165 Timothy Sydney 166 Finn Jordyn 167 Rhett Eloise 168 Elliott Trinity 169 Edward Daisy 170 August Kimberly 171 Xander Lauren 172 Alan Genevieve 173 Dean Sara 174 Lorenzo Arabella 175 Bryce Harmony 176 Karter Elise 177 Victor Remi 178 Milo Teagan 179 Miguel Alexis 180 Hayden London 181 Graham Sloane 182 Grant Laila 183 Zion Lucia 184 Tucker Diana 185 Jesse Juliette 186 Zayden Sienna 187 Joel Elliana 188 Richard Londyn 189 Patrick Ayla 190 Emiliano Callie 191 Avery Gracie 192 Nicolas Josie 193 Brantley Amara 194 Dawson Jocelyn 195 Myles Daniela 196 Matteo Everleigh 197 River Mya 198 Steven Rachel 199 Thiago Summer 200 Zane Alana 201 Matias Brooke 202 Judah Alaina 203 Messiah Mckenzie 204 Jeremy Catherine 205 Preston Amy 206 Oscar Presley 207 Kaleb Journee 208 Alejandro Rosalie 209 Marcus Ember 210 Mark Brynlee 211 Peter Rowan 212 Maximus Joanna 213 Barrett Paige 214 Jax Rebecca 215 Andres Ana 216 Holden Sawyer 217 Legend Mariah 218 Charlie Nicole 219 Knox Brooklynn 220 Kaden Payton 221 Paxton Marley 222 Kyrie Fiona 223 Kyle Georgia 224 Griffin Lila 225 Josue Harley 226 Kenneth Adelyn 227 Beckett Alivia 228 Enzo Noelle 229 Adriel Gemma 230 Arthur Vanessa 231 Felix Journey 232 Bryan Makayla 233 Lukas Angelina 234 Paul Adaline 235 Brian Catalina 236 Colt Alayna 237 Caden Julianna 238 Leon Leila 239 Archer Lola 240 Omar Adriana 241 Israel June 242 Aidan Juliet 243 Theo Jayla 244 Javier River 245 Remington Tessa 246 Jaden Lia 247 Bradley Dakota 248 Emilio Delaney 249 Colin Selena 250 Riley Blakely 251 Cayden Ada 252 Phoenix Camille 253 Clayton Zara 254 Simon Malia 255 Ace Hope 256 Nash Samara 257 Derek Vera 258 Rafael Mckenna 259 Zander Briella 260 Brady Izabella 261 Jorge Hayden 262 Jake Raegan 263 Louis Michelle 264 Damien Angela 265 Karson Ruth 266 Walker Freya 267 Maximiliano Kamila 268 Amari Vivienne 269 Sean Aspen 270 Chance Olive 271 Walter Kendall 272 Martin Elaina 273 Finley Thea 274 Andre Kali 275 Tobias Destiny 276 Cash Amiyah 277 Corbin Evangeline 278 Arlo Cali 279 Iker Blake 280 Erick Elsie 281 Emerson Juniper 282 Gunner Alexandria 283 Cody Myla 284 Stephen Ariella 285 Francisco Kate 286 Killian Mariana 287 Dallas Lilah 288 Reid Charlee 289 Manuel Daleyza 290 Lane Nyla 291 Atlas Jane 292 Rylan Maggie 293 Jensen Zuri 294 Ronan Aniyah 295 Beckham Lucille 296 Daxton Leia 297 Anderson Melissa 298 Kameron Adelaide 299 Raymond Amina 300 Orion Giselle 301 Cristian Lena 302 Tanner Camilla 303 Kyler Miriam 304 Jett Millie 305 Cohen Brynn 306 Ricardo Gabrielle 307 Spencer Sage 308 Gideon Annie 309 Ali Logan 310 Fernando Lilliana 311 Jaiden Haven 312 Titus Jessica 313 Travis Kaia 314 Bodhi Magnolia 315 Eduardo Amira 316 Dante Adelynn 317 Ellis Makenzie 318 Prince Stephanie 319 Kane Nina 320 Luka Phoebe 321 Kash Arielle 322 Hendrix Evie 323 Desmond Lyric 324 Donovan Alessandra 325 Mario Gabriela 326 Atticus Paislee 327 Cruz Raelyn 328 Garrett Madilyn 329 Hector Paris 330 Angelo Makenna 331 Jeffrey Kinley 332 Edwin Gracelyn 333 Cesar Talia 334 Zayn Maeve 335 Devin Rylie 336 Conor Kiara 337 Warren Evelynn 338 Odin Brinley 339 Jayceon Jacqueline 340 Romeo Laura 341 Julius Gracelynn 342 Jaylen Lexi 343 Hayes Ariah 344 Kayson Fatima 345 Muhammad Jennifer 346 Jaxton Kehlani 347 Joaquin Alani 348 Caiden Ariyah 349 Dakota Luciana 350 Major Allie 351 Keegan Heidi 352 Sergio Maci 353 Marshall Phoenix 354 Johnny Felicity 355 Kade Joy 356 Edgar Kenzie 357 Leonel Veronica 358 Ismael Margot 359 Marco Addilyn 360 Tyson Lana 361 Wade Cassidy 362 Collin Remington 363 Troy Saylor 364 Nasir Ryan 365 Conner Keira 366 Adonis Harlow 367 Jared Miranda 368 Rory Angel 369 Andy Amanda 370 Jase Daniella 371 Lennox Royalty 372 Shane Gwendolyn 373 Malik Ophelia 374 Ari Heaven 375 Reed Jordan 376 Seth Madeleine 377 Clark Esmeralda 378 Erik Kira 379 Lawson Miracle 380 Trevor Elle 381 Gage Amari 382 Nico Danielle 383 Malakai Daphne 384 Quinn Willa 385 Cade Haley 386 Johnathan Gia 387 Sullivan Kaitlyn 388 Solomon Oakley 389 Cyrus Kailani 390 Fabian Winter 391 Pedro Alicia 392 Frank Serena 393 Shawn Nadia 394 Malcolm Aviana 395 Khalil Demi 396 Nehemiah Jada 397 Dalton Braelynn 398 Mathias Dylan 399 Jay Ainsley 400 Ibrahim Alison 401 Peyton Camryn 402 Winston Avianna 403 Kason Bianca 404 Zayne Skyler 405 Noel Scarlet 406 Princeton Maddison 407 Matthias Nylah 408 Gregory Sarai 409 Sterling Regina 410 Dominick Dahlia 411 Elian Nayeli 412 Grady Raven 413 Russell Helen 414 Finnegan Adrianna 415 Ruben Averie 416 Gianni Skye 417 Porter Kelsey 418 Kendrick Tatum 419 Leland Kensley 420 Pablo Maliyah 421 Allen Erin 422 Hugo Viviana 423 Raiden Jenna 424 Kolton Anaya 425 Remy Carolina 426 Ezequiel Shelby 427 Damon Sabrina 428 Emanuel Mikayla 429 Zaiden Annalise 430 Otto Octavia 431 Bowen Lennon 432 Marcos Blair 433 Abram Carmen 434 Kasen Yaretzi 435 Franklin Kennedi 436 Royce Mabel 437 Jonas Zariah 438 Sage Kyla 439 Philip Christina 440 Esteban Selah 441 Drake Celeste 442 Kashton Eve 443 Roberto Mckinley 444 Harvey Milani 445 Alexis Frances 446 Kian Jimena 447 Jamison Kylee 448 Maximilian Leighton 449 Adan Katie 450 Milan Aitana 451 Phillip Kayleigh 452 Albert Sierra 453 Dax Kathryn 454 Mohamed Rosemary 455 Ronin Jolene 456 Kamden Alondra 457 Hank Elisa 458 Memphis Helena 459 Oakley Charleigh 460 Augustus Hallie 461 Drew Lainey 462 Moises Avah 463 Armani Jazlyn 464 Rhys Kamryn 465 Benson Mira 466 Jayson Cheyenne 467 Kyson Francesca 468 Braylen Antonella 469 Corey Wren 470 Gunnar Chelsea 471 Omari Amber 472 Alonzo Emory 473 Landen Lorelei 474 Armando Nia 475 Derrick Abby 476 Dexter April 477 Enrique Emelia 478 Bruce Carter 479 Nikolai Aylin 480 Francis Cataleya 481 Rocco Bethany 482 Kairo Marlee 483 Royal Carly 484 Zachariah Kaylani 485 Arjun Emely 486 Deacon Liana 487 Skyler Madelynn 488 Eden Cadence 489 Alijah Matilda 490 Rowen Sylvia 491 Pierce Myra 492 Uriel Fernanda 493 Ronald Oaklyn 494 Luciano Elianna 495 Tate Hattie 496 Frederick Dayana 497 Kieran Kendra 498 Lawrence Maisie 499 Moses Malaysia 500 Rodrigo Kara

2. Meaning of name "Liam" and "Emma"

Liam:

Liam's name is the name of a boy of Irish origin meaning "resolute protection".

Liam originated as the nickname of Uilliam, the Irish variant of William. William is an English name from German origin brought to Ireland when the British fled England after the conquest of Norman.

The Irish began to use English names, including William, which led to the development of Uilliam and its short form, Liam.

Liam is the top US boy's name for 2018, joining the elite group of names to top the list. Liam started out as a short form of William but has long stood on his own and for several years has become one of the most popular baby names for boys.

Now it is the fastest-growing Irish name in the United States, first entering the Top 10 in 2012 and before climbing to No. 1, holding No. 2 for four consecutive years.

Emma:

Initially, a short form of the German name beginning with the ermen element meaning "whole" or "universal". It was introduced to England by Emma of Normandy, who was the wife of King Ethelred II (and by him the mother of Edward the Confession) and later King Canute.

After the Norman conquest, this name became popular in England. It was revived in the 18th century, perhaps in part because of a poem by Henry Prior Henry and Emma (1709). In the United States, it ranked third in 1880 (after Mary and Anna were omnipresent).

It declined steadily over the next century, beginning another rise in the 1980s and eventually becoming the most popular name for girls in 2008.

At this time it also experienced similar levels of popularity elsewhere, including the United Kingdom (where it began rising a decade earlier), Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Scandinavia, and the Netherlands.

More ideals for you: Top 500 Arabic Names

From : https://wikitopx.com/name-meanings/top-500-baby-name-meaning-711994.html