Australian Water Rat aka Rakali (Hydromys chrysogaster), family Muridae, Australia
Aquatic, predatory, and nocturnal rat, native to Australia.
photograph by Terry Genesen Becker
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A wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in Cairngorm National Park, Scotland
by Gary Faulkner
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Uncharismatic Fact of the Day
A common practice among lizards is to drop their tails when threatened; however, they're not the only ones who've adopted this method of self-preservation! A group of rodents known as rock rats will shed part or all of their tails to escape predators, but unlike lizards they cannot regrow their lost appendages.
(Image: A central rock rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus) by Brad Leue)
If you like what I do, consider leaving a tip or buying me a ko-fi!
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Rattus lutreolus | John Gould (1804-1881) | The mammals of Australia. v.3 (1863) | Flickr (Biodiversity Heritage Library)
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[Image description: A drawing of a fawn and white rat with dark brown eyes hopping to the left, with another drawing of just his face alongside it. He is smiling in both drawings. End of image description]
I'd like to start taking commissions soon.. I was thinking of doing a rat day sale where rat-related commissions are 40% off, but I'm still setting things up. I decided to design a couple of rat characters to provide more examples of my rat art in preparation for that. This is one of them, I'll probably post the other one on rat day (April 4th) or next week at the latest.
I probably should've made the designs more complex, considering I wouldn't design a custom character this simple (especially if I'm being paid to do it) but oh well. I'm still happy with how this turned out! He certainly looks distinct from the other design I made, which is good! I'll make better examples soon enough.
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#1984 - Rattus rattus - Black Rat
The name of the blog might be Things I Get To ID At Work, and my work might be pest control, but the work I actually do is almost entirely termite prevention (and there’s only two or three species that are actually threats to buildings in Western Australia). Nearly everything else I see while’s out or about, or that people have sent me for ID.
That said, I DO occasionally see well known pest species like this one, and used to have to put baits in roof cavities.
The Black Rat, or Roof Rat, or Ship Rat, is a now cosmopolitan species that probably originated in the Indian subcontinent, and subsequently spread along trade routes and in ships. They very likely arrived in Australia on the First Fleet, but are now found in all coastal regions here, both in cites and adjacent bushland. They’re extremely adaptable, feeding on a very wide range or food, and avoid poisoning by only eating a little of each when its available. If one kind of food such as bamboo fruit becomes available in superabundance, rat populations can explode.
Despite the common name, they are also often grey or brown, or even greenish.
Notoriously, black rats and their fleas were a vector for Bubonic Plague during the Black Death, but it now seems likely that most transmission outside of ports and trade centres was human-to-human. That said, black rats are also reservoirs for typhus, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutsheri, Bacillus piliformis, Pasteurella pneumotropica, and Streptobacillus moniliformis, among others.
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Abstract
Genetic divergence and evolutionary shift of transitions and transversions ratio were analyzed based on examples of 60 sequences of the mtDNA control region of 27 species of mice (Murinae) of the Palearctic region. Representatives of Cricetidae and Arvicolidae were taken as outgroups. The constructed phenogram corresponds to the accepted phylogenetic scheme and is clustered according to population, semispecies, allospecies, species, genus and family levels of divergence. In the phyletic order there is a clearly defined evolutionary transition/transversion rate bias. Its distinction is an extremely fast and abrupt transition from dynamic to stable phase. The dynamic phase is a rapid decrease in the ti/tv rate ratio and refers to the population and semispecies divergence levels. The stable phase refers to the species level and higher divergence levels and is associated with reaching a state of genetic saturation in a situation of predominance of transversions. The extreme denotion of the evolutionary shift in the D-loop case can be explained by the removal of the selection pressure caused by restrictions in amino acid substitutions. This means that the causes of transition/transversion bias are purely biochemical mechanisms on DNA level. Simultaneously, the stability of the ti/tv ratio at species and higher levels amidst the further accumulation of the total number of nucleotide substitutions may indicate a fundamentally different nature of genetic processes at the intraspecies and interspecies levels of divergence.
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Australian Water Rat aka Rakali (Hydromys chrysogaster), family Muridae, Canberra, Australia
Aquatic, predatory, and nocturnal rat, native to Australia.
photograph by Raw Shorty
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Rattus sordidus | John Gould (1804-1881) | The mammals of Australia. v.3 (1863) | Flickr (Biodiversity Heritage Library)
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