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lifewithchronicpain · 10 months

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Shortages of opioid pain medication in the U.S. appear to be worsening, with no apparent action from the FDA or DEA to ease the suffering of patients left in uncontrolled pain or going into withdrawal.

Last week the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) added another widely used painkiller to its drug shortage list: oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets, which are more widely known under the brand names Percocet and Endocet. The medication is typically prescribed for moderate to severe pain.

The ASHP reports that five drug makers are either running low or have exhausted their supply of oxycodone/acetaminophen in 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10mg tablets. Amneal, Major and Rhodes did not provide ASHP with a reason for the shortage, while Camber and KVK-Tech said they were “awaiting DEA quota approval for active ingredient.” Amneal, Camber and KVK-Tech said the tablets were on back order with no estimated resupply date. Major and Rhodes said additional supplies were expected in mid-September or early August, respectively. Limited supplies and doses of oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets are still available from other drug manufacturers...

...At PNN, we hear from readers almost daily about opioid shortages. “I am now past my usual fill date,” said Rick Martin, a retired pharmacist in Las Vegas who lives with chronic back pain. “My CVS pharmacist manager told me that she was told by their wholesaler that hydrocodone won't be available until the middle of August.” Martin said pharmacists at Walgreens, Smith’s and Sav-on have also told him they were out of oxycodone and hydrocodone tablets. “It's been spotty for 6 months but now seems entrenched. I got switched to tramadol. Not as effective, but I can just barely get by. I've heard that's what doctors are doing. Tramadol or Tylenol with codeine,” he told PNN.

Steve Keating, another Las Vegas resident, has been taking oxycodone for chronic neck pain after his vehicle was rear-ended by another driver. He had no problems getting his prescription refilled at either Walgreens or CVS, until last month. Now he is out of pain medication. “I began having withdrawal symptoms. No one seems to care,” said Keating, who turns 73 this month. “The pharmacy recommendations were to obtain tramadol, which I've tried in the past and found ineffective. I cannot take opiates with acetaminophen as it upsets my stomach.

“It seems that there is a huge gap between prescribers, pharmacies and whatever governmental agencies are involved. Do these governmental idiots not realize how important the medication we've been prescribed for months or years is to give us some degree of a better quality of life?” (Read full article at link)

None of this, absolutely none of this, stops people from dying from illicit fentanyl. It just punishes people in pain.

#disability #chronic pain #ableism #opioids #chronic illness #medical bias #opioid shortages #pain patients #article

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rahbekrogers12 · 1 year

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9 Ruang Tamu ideas living room design small spaces, living room designs, home living room

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Bagaimana Meningkatkan Nilai Rumah Anda Dengan Furniture

Meja Makan Kayu Alexa Acacia

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Like sofas, loveseats come in many styles and designs such as camelback, cabriole, and the like. The early designs of loveseats were not intended to be cosy but rather to accommodate the large dresses worn by ladies of the period. The Indonesian restaurant Warung Pojok is located 2.25 km from the center of Denpasar, but it is better to go there via Jl. It serves great food at very cheap prices, making it a great choice for budget travellers. The menu features traditional dishes like sate and gado-gado as well as modern takes on Indonesian classics, such as ayam goreng . We work on quality wood and produce high quality furniture made of solid wood with best traditional handmade construction method by skilled Indonesia craftsman. medium is extremely popular as a patio furniture typically found along pool sides. A classic design this sofa style’s main design feature is a higher ide cemerlang mendekorasi ruang scandinavian back in the centre which descends in a continuous line into the arms of the sofa. It is also recognized for its exposed wooden trim.

#Desain Ruang Tamu Skandinavia #Ide Desain Ruang Tamu Skandinavia #Gaya Desain Ruang Tamu Skandinavia #Menciptakan Desain Ruang Tamu Skandinavia #Desain Ruang Tamu Skandinavia Terpopuler

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kingdomjust · 2 years

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Paintbrush pottery

However, around late 1902 the pottery branched out and began to include the production of art pottery. McCoy Pottery Co.” concentrated on the production of the simpler, utilitarian stoneware pieces. He must have devoted much of his time to his new pottery, for in 1901, he turned the management of his general store over to his son Arthur.įor several years, the “J.W. along with several investors, formed a pottery solely under his name, the J.W. The date that Wilber’s part-ownership in the store was established remains uncertain, but it was probably between 18. Nelson McCoy’s Blue Bird Pottery”, (seen elsewhere on this Web site), Wilber F., the cousin of J.W., was a partner in the “Zanesville Hardware Company”. was affiliated with have been found, it is most likely that most of them were unmarked.Īs discussed in, “The History of the W. Since very few pieces from these early potteries that J.W. In 1898, following about six years of operation under the name the Midland Pottery Co., the pottery was sold to the “Roseville Pottery Co.”. was not only involved in pottery manufacturing, and retail pottery sales, but he had become a pottery jobber, selling bulk wares to wholesale dealers. was not only involved in pottery manufacturing, and retail pottery sales, but he had become a pottery jobber, selling bulk wares to wholesale dealers.Īfter about two years of operation, the KW&M pottery was renamed again, and was then called the “Midland Pottery Co.”. Then in 1890, after about two more years of operation, the KW&M pottery was renamed again, and was called the Midland Pottery Co. According to, “The Business Review of Muskingum County”, “This plant was one of the most extensive in the valley and produced all kinds of common stoneware and a variety of culinary utensils.” After about four years of operation a new partner was taken in and the pottery was renamed the “Kildow, Williams and McCoy Pottery Co.”. In 1886, he entered into a partnership and established the “Williams and McCoy Pottery Co.”. opened a General Merchandise store on his own. Brown in a general merchandise business, which was called “Brown & McCoy”. There he entered into about a five-¬year partnership with his father-in-law, James E. In 1871, the McCoy’s moved to the community of Roseville, Ohio. He was married in 1870, and the next year he and Sarah (Sade) Elizabeth Brown his wife, moved to Uniontown in Newton Township, Muskingum County. McCoy was born and raised in Putnam, which is now part of Zanesville, Ohio. We will keep fired pieces for at least 60 days.The History of the JW McCoy & Brush-McCoy Potteries We’ll fire it and have it ready for pick up in 6 days.Ī $5 service fee will be charged for any brushes not returned. When you are finished painting, you just bring back your piece(s) and kit. Your kit will also include the piece(s) of your choosing, one paint brush, and paints. If you have any questions while painting, you’re welcome to reach out over social media, or email, we will be checking our messages regularly. If you are not able to pay with a credit or debit card, cash transactions will be accepted, please let us know at the time of the order. We accept Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and AmexĬar drop offs can be arranged if you are able to park in front of the studio, just call us and we’ll come out. We will not be sending out any custom colors, or specialty glazes due to a limited quantity We are allowing up to 6 colors per household.Ĭolors are limited to our standard stroke and Coat Colors. Styles will vary depending on availability, call us to see if a piece is still available Scroll down for photos of bisque currently on our shelves

#Paintbrush pottery

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greatpacificbooks · 3 years

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Trade Samples Catalogue

Company/Creator: Au Nain Blue, Paris (The Blue Dwarf, approx English translation ) -- Manufacturer, France. Hugues Delorme, Draeger (publishers) TEXT IS ONLY IN FRENCH.

Catalogue Title: Tous Les Jouets, Tous Les Jeux (1930) -- A modern reprint of the original wholesale samples book. -- Minimal text, in French. -- 20th Century Toys / Dolls, Designs, Samples Details about this publication:

Replica of the original 1930 trade samples catalog fine variety of dolls, toys, playthings. -- 24 pages, in very good condition. Glossy, flex covers, with cloth binding. -- Replica/reprint published by Portable Trunk Publishers. (undated, modern edition) 2004. A delightful look at many different toy designs commercially produced, manufactured to order wholesale that were available in the early 20th century. This catalog shows dolls, games, animals, sports models, varieties, playthings from which retail shops, department stores, general merchandise wholesalers and jobbers would order for resale. Ideal catalog for collectors, designers, restorers, period prop departments or antiques dealers of novelty French early 20th century toys. Includes several Lenci (Italy) dolls and games, Toy theater, books, games, army sets, riding toys, vessels, cars, carriages, animals, play sets, trains, mechanical sets, sports and musical instruments. Paper / Soft cover reprint edition in very good condition, flex covers, cloth bound, a sturdy book. Overall good copy, informative resource. It would make a great gift for the fan in your life, even if that's you.

Clean and Unmarked Text. Very Good condition. Text is in French. Reproduced in color, same as original issue.

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darkfurypolice · 3 years

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Are Woven Polypropylene Bags Waterproof?

Are pp woven bags waterproof? As far as the woven bag itself is concerned, because the woven bag is made of warp and weft tapes, there is only overlap between the tapes, which does not have sealing property. Therefore, the liquid will be left through the gap between the tapes, so the woven bag itself is not waterproof. However, due to the special requirements of chemical industry, cement, chemical fertilizer, sugar and other industries for packaging, a considerable number of plastic woven bags must have the function of waterproof and sealing. At present, there are mainly two types of waterproof and sealed woven bags produced and applied in the market: one is the ordinary separate combined packaging bag with outer woven bag and inside liner inserted or stitched bag. The other is the composite woven bag coated with a layer of plastic film on the PP woven cloth, which will include two types also, either polypropylene coated woven bag or pp woven laminated bag. The production equipment and process of the first kind of separated inner lining membrane woven bag are relatively simple, the equipment investment is low, and the application is very wide. The inner and outer bags are separated. The inner bag is blown film bag, which can be divided into LDPE and HDPE. The outer bag is ordinary PP woven bag, and the length and width of the inner bag are slightly larger than the outer bag. When loading materials, the inner and outer bags are uneven and easy to be damaged. In the early years, the inner and outer bags of the inner lining membrane bag and the outer bag need to be set together manually, and the inner and outer bags at the mouth of the bag need to be aligned and sewed, so the production efficiency is low, the waste of manpower is large, and the continuous and efficient production cannot be carried out. A skilled operator can only complete about 1000 bags by hand every day, and only about 300 bags can be sewn by hinge sewing machine every day. Nowadays, with the improvement of all-in-one machine, there are many machinery manufacturers in China that can produce all-in-one machines for bag cutting, sewing and lining. The technology has been widely used and tends to be mature, greatly improving the production efficiency.

Another kind of Coated plastic woven bag production must go through the coating process, using the extrusion coating machine to coat a layer of plastic film with a thickness of about 0.02 ~ 0.04mm on the outside of the woven pp cloth. Or at the same time, to use the coating material as the bonding medium, and then composite a layer of BOPP film on the surface, can achieve better waterproof effect, it was named BOPP pp woven laminated bag. When doing coating, the temperature of the extruded film is about 300 ℃, and the newly extruded film is combined with the braid by a pair of cooling rollers. However, such high temperature reduces the strength of the cloth surface, reduces the elasticity, increases the brittleness of the bag surface, and makes the bag easier to be damaged in the falling tests.

WHAT IS ARE VALVE BAGS?

Valve bags are packaging bags filled by machines. They come in plastic or paper. Here at Western Packaging, we are a wholesale manufacturer who offers the paper version, with many options. The three main things to consider are size, closure type, and coatings.

CHOOSE THE RIGHT SIZE

Paper valve bags come in a large range of sizes. We offer small to very large paper valve bags and multiple sizes in between. It is important to verify which sizes your valve bag machine handles.

DETERMINE WHICH TYPE OF CLOSURE YOU NEED

Once the size is determined, the type of closure is determined. All valve bags are automatically closed. The specific method of how this closing happens falls into three categories.

1. SELF- SEALING

The first and most common is self-sealing. These valve bags use the pressure of the contents to close and seal the bag.

2. HEAT SEALED

Alternatively, some bags can be sealed by heat. This may be a better option for the product and requires a machine and set up capable of this method.

3. ULTRASONIC SEALS

The third type of closure is much less common. Bags can be sealed ultrasonically. These valve bags are only used in very specific and limited industries. They require clean and sterile environments and very special machinery.

WHICH COATING IS BEST

Once the size and type of closure are decided, coatings in and on the bags is decided. The options are extensive. Western Packaging offers all the most common, and some uncommon, coatings available. The specific coating(s) depends on the product and the package’s method of storage, shipment, and display.

There is a large variety of coatings available. The coating options vary based on if the coating is going to be placed on the inside or outside of the bag. Some products may benefit from a coating on both.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSIDE COATS

The inside coating is most important when the product contained in the bag is food or non-food products. In these situations, a food-safe coating must be applied to the inside of the bag. This coating helps ensure the contents remain safe for consumption, and also maintains the freshness. Interior coatings also help minimize moisture entering the product and/or keep the product from seeping out. These are very important features for many products.

Some outside coatings provide the same or similar benefits. Coatings can be applied to block moisture, block contamination of the interior from the outside, or make the bag easier to handle. While protection of the contents of the packaging is most important, ease of storage is also important. Outside coatings can be used to minimize friction when bags rub together and therefore help to minimize bag damage and loss of product. A simple coating can also help the filled bag maintain its shape.

THE BENEFITS OF VALVE BAGS

Valve bagging is when a bag is filled using a specialized machine. The machine uses a spout placed in or near the opening of the bag. A measured amount is placed in each bag. This can be done in a fully automated or semi-automated manner. This ensures consistency in quantity and minimizes lost product.

The benefits of these machines are numerous and span multiple industries. The biggest benefit is the volume of bags that can be filled and closed per hour. The output is significantly higher than if done by an employee. This increase in output translates to higher profit by filling orders more quickly. Businesses converting to this method often find the cost of the machine is quickly covered and a return on investment is recognized very soon.

Plastic, Paper or Cotton: Which Shopping Bag is Best?

Plastic bags

Plastic bags were invented in 1967, but only became widely used in stores in the 1970s. The most commonly found thin plastic shopping bag given out at cash registers are usually made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), but some are made of low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE).

The energy embodied in plastic bags comes initially from the mining of the raw materials needed to make them—natural gas and petroleum—whose extraction requires a lot of energy. The raw materials must then be refined, which requires yet more energy. Once at a processing facility, the raw materials are treated and undergo polymerization to create the building blocks of plastic. These tiny granules of polyethylene resin can be mixed with recycled polyethylene chips. They are then transported by truck, train or ship to facilities where, under high heat, an extruder shapes the plastic into a thin film. The film is flattened, then cut into pieces. Next, it is sent to manufacturers to be made into bags. The plastic bags are then packaged and transported around the world to vendors. While polyethylene can be reprocessed and used to make new plastic bags, most plastic bags are only used once or twice before they end up being incinerated or discarded in landfills. The Wall Street Journal estimated that Americans use and dispose of 100 billion plastic bags each year; and the EPA found that less than five percent are recycled.

A 2014 study done for the Progressive Bag Alliance, which represents the U.S. plastic bag manufacturing and recycling industry, compared grocery bags made from polyethylene (HDPE), compostable plastic, and paper with 30 percent recycled fibers. It found that the HDPE bags ultimately used less fuel and water, and produced less greenhouse gas gases, acid rain emissions, and solid waste than the other two. The study, which did not consider litter, was peer-reviewed by Michael Overcash, then a professor of chemical engineering at North Carolina State University. Because the carrying capacity of a plastic and a paper bag are not the same, the study used the carrying capacity of 1,000 paper bags as its baseline and compared their impacts to the impacts of 1,500 plastic bags. The plastic bags used 14.9kg of fossil fuels for manufacturing compared to 23.2kg for paper bags. Plastic bags produced 7kg of municipal solid waste compared to 33.9kg for paper, and greenhouse gas emissions were equivalent to 0.04 tons of CO2 compared to paper’s 0.08 tons. Plastic bags used 58 gallons of fresh water, while paper used 1,004 gallons. Energy use totaled 763 megajoules for plastic, and 2,622 megajoules for paper.

Sulfur dioxide, a type of sulfur oxide, and nitrogen oxide emitted from coal-fired power plants that produce the energy for processing bags contribute to acid rain. The plastic bag produced 50.5 grams of sulfur oxides compared to 579 grams for the paper bag; and 45.4 grams of nitrogen oxides, compared to 264 grams for paper.

A 2011 U.K. study compared bags made of HDPE, LDPE, non-woven polypropylene, a biopolymer made from a starch polyester, paper and cotton. It assessed the impacts in nine categories: global warming potential, depletion of resources such as fossil fuels, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity, fresh water toxicity, marine toxicity, terrestrial toxicity and smog creation. It found that HDPE bags had the lowest environmental impacts of the lightweight bags in eight of the nine categories because it was the lightest bag of the group.

Paper bags

Paper bags are made from a renewable resource and are biodegradable. In the U.S., over 10 billion paper bags are consumed each year, requiring the felling of 14 million trees.

Once the trees are cut down, the logs are moved to a mill where they can wait up to three years until they dry out. Once ready, bark is stripped off and the wood is chipped into one-inch cubes that are subjected to high heat and pressure. They are then mixed with limestone and sulfurous acid until the combination becomes pulp. The pulp is washed with fresh water and bleach then pressed into paper, which is cut, printed, packaged and shipped. As a result of the heavy use of toxic chemicals in the process, paper is responsible for 70 times more air pollution and 50 times more water pollution than plastic bag production according to a Washington Post analysis, resulting in more toxicity to humans and the environment than HDPE bags. And while 66 percent of paper and paperboard are recycled, the recycling process requires additional chemicals to remove the ink and return the paper to pulp, which can add to paper’s environmental impact.

Cotton totes

Cotton bags are made from a renewable resource and are biodegradable. They are also strong and durable so they can be reused multiple times.

Cotton first needs to be harvested, then cotton bolls go through the ginning process, which separates the cotton from stems and leaves. Only 33 percent of the harvested cotton is usable. The cotton is then baled and shipped to cotton mills to be fluffed up, cleaned, flattened and spun. The cotton threads are woven into fabric, which then undergoes a chemical washing process and bleaching, after which it can also be dyed and printed. Spinning, weaving and other manufacturing processes are energy intensive. Washing, bleaching, dyeing, printing and other processes use large amounts of water and electricity.

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francineswriting · 3 years

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THE ORIGINS, TREATMENTS AND EFFECTS OF COVID-19 IN OUR ECONOMY, COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE

Coronavirus are the large family of viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). A novel coronavirus known as COVID 19 was identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China.

The first human cases of COVID 19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus causing COVID 19, subsequently named SARS – COV – 2 were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, December 2019. Retrospective investigations by Chinese authorities have identified human cases with onset od symptoms in early December 2019. While some of the earliest known cases had a link to a wholesale food market in Wuhan, some did not. Many of the initial patients were either stall owners, market employees or regular visitors to this market. Environmental samples taken from this market in December 2019 tested positive for SARS – COV – 2, further, suggesting that the market in Wuhan City was the source of this outbreak or played a role in the initial amplification of the outbreak, the market was closed on January 2020.

SARS – COV – 2 was identified in early January and its genetic sequence shared publicly on 11-12 January. The full genetic sequence of SARS - COV – 2 from the early human cases the sequences for many other virus isolated from human cases from China and all over the world since then shows that SARS – COV – 2 has an ecological origins in bat populations. All available evidence to date suggest that the virus was a natural animal origin and it is not manipulated or constructed virus. Many researches has been able to look at the economic features of SARS – COV – 2 and have found that evidence does not support that SARS – COV – 2 is a laboratory construct. If it were ta constructed virus, it genomic sequence would show a mix of know elements. All available evidence for covid 19 suggest that SARS – COV - 2 has a zoonotic source. Since there are usually limited close contact between human and bats, its more likely that transmission of the virus to human happened through another animal species, one that is more likely to be handled by humans. This intermediate animal host on zoonotic source could be a domestic animal, a wild animal, or a domesticated wild animals, as of yet, has not been identified. All the published genetic sequence of SARS – COV – 2 isolated from human cases are very similar. This suggest that the start of the outbreak resulted from a single point introduction in human population around the time that the virus was first reported in human in Wuhan, China in December 2019.

COVID 19 started in Philippines on March 09, 2020. A total of 7 cases tested positive for COVID 19 between 8 – 9 March after the first 3 confirmed cases in January and February 2020.

The economic and social disruption caused by the pandemic was devastating. Tens of Millions of people are at risk of falling into extreme Poverty because of crisis. While the number of undernourished people currently estimated at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of the year. COVID 19 is not only a global pandemic and public health crisis it has also severely affected the global economy and financial markets, significant reductions in income, a rise in unemployment and disruptions in the transportation service, and manufacturing industries are among the consequences of the disease mitigation measures that have been implemented in many countries. It has become clear that most government in world underestimated the risk of rapid COVID 19 spread and were mostly reactive in their crisis response. As disease outbreaks are not likely to disappear in the near future, proactive international actions are required to not only save lives but also protect economic prosperity.

Our country experienced a severe crisis, many people are hungry and many people have no source of income due to unemployment. Our country experienced also the bid problem due to lack of hospitals that can accommodate Covid patients.

Many people died especially those with diseases that were actually infected by the virus. Many people also experienced depression because of the growing discrimination. And lastly almost all of us are having anxiety and overthinking because of pandemic.

Prevention of COVID 19:

1. Stay at home as much as you can

2. Keep and safe distance

3. Wash hand often

4. Cover your cough

5. Sick/ call ahead.

Treatments:

Self care – if you feel sick you should rest, drink plenty of fluid, and eat nutritious food. Stay in a separate room from other family members, and use a dedicated bathroom of possible. Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.

Everyone should keep a healthy lifestyle at home. Maintain a healthy diet, sleep, stay active and make social contact with loved ones through the phone or internet. Children needs extra love and attention from adults during difficult times. Keep to regular routines and schedule as much as possible.

It is normal to feel sad, stressed or confused during crisis. Talking to people you trust, such as friends and family can help. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to a health worker counsellor.

We all have been affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, the impact of the pandemic and its consequences are felt differently depending on our status as individuals and as members of society. While some try to adapt to working online, homeschooling their children and ordering food via Instacart, others have no choice but to be exposed to the virus while keeping society functioning. Our different social identities and the social groups we belong to determine our inclusion within society and, by extension, our vulnerability to epidemics.

LESSON:

“ I LEARNED THAT EVERY HUMAN LIFE IS FRAGILE SO WE MUST TAKE CARE OF OURSELVES MORE. IT ALSO TAUHT ME TO LOVE, TO LISTEN, TO CARE, TO RESPECT AND TO HELP.”

Taking care of yourself is something so underestimated nowadays. Whether due to a lack of time or due to too much stress in everyday life or for a whatever reason, people don’t devote enough time to themselves. While in isolation, I’ve had a lot of time to think and realize that actually taking care of myself is one of the things that makes me happy. I mean little things that I believe are available to everyone. These little things are actually the ones that help me find myself.

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olko71 · 3 years

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New Post has been published on All about business online

New Post has been published on http://yaroreviews.info/2021/05/walmart-costco-to-stop-requiring-masks-for-vaccinated-workers-and-shoppers

Walmart, Costco to Stop Requiring Masks for Vaccinated Workers and Shoppers

American companies began to rethink their requirements for face masks after federal health regulators relaxed their guidelines this week, and on Friday Walmart Inc. WMT 0.93% made the first big move to bend to the new view.

The U.S.’s largest private employer said it would no longer require vaccinated workers and shoppers to wear masks in stores and warehouses outside of municipalities that require it. Walmart’s new policy for its 1.6 million U.S. workers goes into effect May 18, the company said, while vaccinated customers could shop maskless immediately.

That made the country’s largest retailer by revenue an early mover in response to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s new guidance. Costco Wholesale Corp. COST 1.29% made a similar shift. Executives in sectors ranging from autos to grocers said they were still wrestling with how to respond to the new guidelines, which they note conflicts in many cases with state, local and other protocols specific to certain industries.

People who are fully vaccinated don’t need to wear a mask or physically distance for most outdoor or indoor activities, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Dr. Rochelle Walensky said Thursday, but some exceptions remain, including the requirements for public transportation. Photo: Justin Lane/Shutterstock

Car makers General Motors Co. and Toyota Motor Corp. said they are sticking with existing policies while awaiting guidance from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which has jurisdiction over their workplaces and still requires face coverings and social distancing. The agency didn’t immediately update its guidance based on the CDC announcement. OSHA representatives didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.

Some national retailers said they were reviewing the CDC’s changes. Kroger Co. , the nation’s biggest supermarket chain, said it would continue requiring masks and encouraging social distancing. The company said it is asking employees for feedback as it reviews safety practices and the latest CDC guidance.

Another grocer, Trader Joe’s, said it would drop its mask requirements for vaccinated customers. “We encourage customers to follow the guidance of health officials,” the company posted on Twitter. It won’t require proof of vaccination for those who forgo masks, a spokesperson said.

The CDC said Thursday that fully vaccinated people don’t need to wear a mask or physically distance during outdoor or indoor activities, large or small, in most settings. The agency said it made the revisions based on the latest science indicating that being fully vaccinated cuts the risk of getting infected and spreading the virus to others, in addition to preventing severe disease and death.

The Retail Industry Leaders Association, a trade group, said the CDC’s mask announcement creates ambiguity since it doesn’t align with state and local orders. The group asked customers who decline to wear masks to shop online or use curbside pickup services.

“Retailers will continue to prioritize the safety of their team members first, as they’ve done throughout the pandemic,” said Lisa LaBruno, a senior vice president at the group. “We urge all retail customers and guests to follow a store’s safety protocols including wearing a mask and social distancing.”

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Erik Nordstrom, chief executive of Nordstrom Inc., one of the largest department-store chains in the U.S., said in an interview Thursday that Nordstrom’s stores would continue to follow CDC guidance on masking, but that the company was in no rush to change its mask requirement for both employees and customers. The retailer’s priority, he said, is helping both customers and employees feel safe.

“Up until the last month or two, pretty much every jurisdiction has had a mask mandate, too,” Mr. Nordstrom said in the interview, which was part of The Wall Street Journal’s Future of Everything Festival. “We’ve stayed with requiring masks for our employees and customers. And we’ll follow the CDC. So, when they indicate that that’s not necessarily the thing to do, we’ll follow suit.”

At Walmart, to go maskless, workers have to say they are vaccinated during the health screenings each worker takes to start a shift, the company said. The retailer continues to review whether masks should be worn for certain jobs, said a companywide email Friday, and workers can continue to wear masks if they want to.

Walmart won’t ask shoppers to offer proof that they have been vaccinated, instead relying on customers’ word, a spokesman said.

At Costco, vaccinated shoppers and workers will no longer need to wear masks, though it recommends employees continue to do so, said Chief Financial Officer Richard Galanti Friday. Workers will need to sign a “mask opt out” form verifying they are vaccinated, he said, while it won’t verify whether shoppers are vaccinated.

The relaxed mandate could allow bigger crowds to gather. Walt Disney Co. Chief Executive Bob Chapek said he expects to see an immediate increase in the number of people allowed inside domestic theme parks following the CDC move. “Today’s guidance,” he said Thursday, “is very big news for us, particularly if anyone has been in Florida in the middle of summer with a mask on.”

Food makers Conagra Brands Inc., General Mills Inc. and Kellogg Co. said they are continuing to require masks and social distancing at their factories even as employees get vaccinated, as food manufacturers have to follow a range of industry-specific regulations.

The Consumer Brands Association, a trade group for food and other grocery manufacturers, said it has asked the CDC for more details on how its latest mask guidance affects businesses such as factories.

Betsy Booren, senior vice president of regulatory affairs for the group, said that the revised guidance seemed directed mainly at consumers in their daily lives but that food factories, where workers are often crowded together and can’t always distance, present different circumstances. Ms. Booren said that while she is encouraged by the latest CDC guidance and what it might mean for returning to normal, she hesitates to advise manufacturers to change their practices.

Restaurants face complicated decisions in part because they have employees and customers who could be unvaccinated, and operators can’t easily distinguish who has been inoculated and who hasn’t. Many also face state and local regulations that require mask-wearing on their premises.

While restaurants want to return to normal so they can get more business, they also want diners to feel safe enough to return, said the National Restaurant Association, which has decided not to update its masking guidance immediately.

Larry Lynch, senior vice president of science and industry for the association, said he is “encouraged by the CDC’s decision and the potential it has to help move the restaurant industry closer to being fully reopened.”

Paul Mangiamele, chief executive of Legendary Brands LLC, a Dallas company whose franchisees include roughly 80 Bennigan’s pubs and Steak and Ale restaurants in the U.S., said he expects most of his franchisees to remove masking restrictions in the coming days. But the company will let individual restaurants decide how to verify vaccination status. He expects most restaurants to make masking optional for employees and to benefit from a flood of pent-up demand.

“We want to react immediately to the guidance that’s provided, but do that with common sense and safety,” Mr. Mangiamele said.

“ ‘Everyone’s excited…but the potential for every night being New Year’s Eve, with five deep at the bar and people screaming in your face for a beer, is still a little jarring.’ ”

— Chris Mullins, owner of McGillan’s Olde Ale House in Philadelphia

In Philadelphia, McGillan’s Olde Ale House, a 150-year-old Irish pub near the city’s downtown, is operating at 50% capacity and requiring masks and social distancing for all patrons and employees, except while eating and drinking. Owner Chris Mullins is waiting for the city’s guidance before lifting the pub’s mask requirement. Local health officials have said they hope to remove all capacity and distancing precautions by June 11.

“Everyone’s excited, and they want the extra money and the increased business,” Mr. Mullins said. “But the potential for every night being New Year’s Eve, with five deep at the bar and people screaming in your face for a beer, is still a little jarring to some of my employees, too.”

Small businesses aren’t certain how to respond to the CDC’s new mask guidance, especially when it conflicts with OSHA’s and other guidelines, said Kevin Kuhlman, head of government relations for the National Federation of Independent Businesses, a trade group representing 300,000 mostly small, private companies.

Many small businesses hope state and local governments endorse the CDC’s view on masks soon. Meanwhile, were OSHA to issue any new emergency guidelines that conflict with the CDC’s advice, “that would really confuse small businesses,” Mr. Kuhlman said. “Our biggest fear is getting something brand new from OSHA that’s even more restrictive.”

Dropping mask requirements—along with widespread vaccine availability and falling case rates—would help bring more white-collar workers back to offices, said Kenneth Caplan, global co-head of real estate at Blackstone Group Inc. As an owner of office space, he said he has noticed more talk of businesses bringing employees back.

“It’s another positive step, but it’s part of a continuum of a lot of steps toward reopening,” Mr. Caplan said.

—Christina Rogers, Jaewon Kang, Annie Gasparro and Craig Karmin contributed to this article.

The New Face Mask Guidelines

Related coverage, selected by the editors

Corrections & Amplifications Kellogg Co. has said it is continuing to require masks and social distancing at its factories. An earlier version of this article misspelled the company’s name as Kellog. (Corrected on May 14)

Write to Robbie Whelan at [email protected] and Sarah Nassauer at [email protected]

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bhushan333 · 3 years

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Articles

Ecommerce

Ecommerce has evolved in many ways since its start, and it’s changing the way we live, shop and do business. Let’s dive into the history and the future of ecommerce.

7 Retail Strategies to Overcome a Growth Plateau

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What is Ecommerce?

Ecommerce (or electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods (or services) on the internet. It encompasses a wide variety of data, systems, and tools for online buyers and sellers, including mobile shopping and online payment encryption.

Most businesses with an ecommerce presence use an ecommerce store and/or an ecommerce platform to conduct online marketing and sales activities and to oversee logistics and fulfillment.

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To fully understand ecommerce, let’s take a look at its history, growth and impact on the business world. We will also discuss some advantages and disadvantages to ecommerce, plus predictions for the future.

Types of Ecommerce

Generally, there are six main models of ecommerce that businesses can be categorized into:

B2C.

B2B.

C2C.

C2B.

B2A.

C2A.

Let’s review each type of electronic commerce in a bit more detail.

1. Business-to-Consumer (B2C).

B2C ecommerce encompasses transactions made between a business and a consumer. B2C is one of the most popular sales models in the ecommerce context. For example, when you buy shoes from an online shoe retailer, it’s a business-to-consumer transaction.

2. Business-to-Business (B2B).

Unlike B2C, B2B ecommerce encompasses sales made between businesses, such as a manufacturer and a wholesaler or retailer. B2B is not consumer-facing and happens only between businesses.

Business-to-business sales often focus on raw materials or products that are repackaged before being sold to customers.

3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C).

C2C is one of the earliest forms of ecommerce. Customer-to-customer relates to the sale of products or services between customers. This includes C2C selling relationships, such as those seen on eBay or Amazon.

4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B).

C2B reverses the traditional ecommerce model, meaning individual consumers make their products or services available for business buyers.

For example, the iStockPhoto business model in which stock photos are available online for purchase directly from different photographers.

5. Business-to-Administration (B2A).

B2A covers the transactions made between online businesses and administrations. An example would be the products and services related to legal documents, social security, etc.

6. Consumer-to-Administration (C2A).

C2A is similar to B2A, but consumers sell online products or services to an administration. C2A might include online consulting for education, online tax preparation, etc.

B2A and C2A are focused on increased efficiency within the government via the support of information technology.

History of Ecommerce

Ecommerce was introduced about 40 years ago in its earliest form.

Since then, electronic commerce has helped countless businesses grow with the help of new technologies, improvements in internet connectivity, added security with payment gateways, and widespread consumer and business adoption.

Ecommerce Timeline

1969: CompuServe is founded.

Founded by electrical engineering students Dr. John R. Goltz and Jeffrey Wilkins, early CompuServe technology was built utilizing a dial-up connection.

In the 1980s, CompuServe introduced some of the earliest forms of email and internet connectivity to the public and dominated the ecommerce landscape through the mid-1990s.

1979: Michael Aldrich invents electronic shopping.

English inventor Michael Aldrich introduced electronic shopping by connecting a modified TV to a transaction-processing computer via telephone line.

This made it possible for closed information systems to be opened and shared by outside parties for secure data transmission — and the technology became the foundation for modern ecommerce.

1982: Boston Computer Exchange launches.

When Boston Computer Exchange launched, it was the world’s first ecommerce company.

Its primary function was to serve as an online market for people interested in selling their used computers.

1992: Book Stacks Unlimited launches as first online book marketplace.

Charles M. Stack introduced Book Stacks Unlimited as an online bookstore. Originally, the company used the dial-up bulletin board format. However, in 1994 the site switched to the internet and operated from the Books.com domain.

1994: Netscape Navigator launches as a web browser.

Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark co-created Netscape Navigator as a web browsing tool. During the 1990s, Netscape Navigator became the primary web browser on the Windows platform, before the rise of modern giants like Google.

1995: Amazon launch.

Jeff Bezos introduced Amazon primarily as an ecommerce platform for books.

1998: PayPal launches as an ecommerce payment system.

Originally introduced as Confinity by founders Max Levhin, Peter Thiel, Like Nosek and Ken Howery, PayPal made its appearance on the ecommerce stage as a money transfer tool.

By 2000, it would merge with Elon Musk’s online banking company and begin its rise to fame and popularity.

1999: Alibaba launches.

Alibaba Online launched as an online marketplace with more than $25 million in funding. By 2001, the company was profitable. It went on to turn into a major B2B, C2C, and B2C platform that’s widely used today.

2000: Google introduces Google AdWords as an online advertising tool.

Google Adwords was introduced as a way for ecommerce businesses to advertise to people using Google search.

With the help of short-text ad copy and display URLs, online retailers began using the tool in a pay-per-click (PPC) context. PPC advertising efforts are separate from search engine optimization (SEO).

2004: Shopify launches.

After trying to open an online snowboarding equipment shop, Tobias Lütke and Scott Lake launched Shopify. It’s an ecommerce platform for online stores and point-of-sale systems.

2005: Amazon introduces Amazon Prime membership.

Amazon launched Amazon Prime as a way for customers to get free two-day shipping for a flat annual fee.

The membership also came to include other perks like discounted one-day shipping and access to streaming services like Amazon Video and members-only events like “Prime Day.”

This strategic move helped boost customer loyalty and incentivize repeat purchases. Today, free shipping and speed of delivery are the most common requests from online consumers.

2005: Etsy launches.

Etsy launched, allowing crafters and smaller sellers to sell products (including digital products) through an online marketplace. This brought the makers community online — expanding their reach to a 24/7 buying audience.

2009: BigCommerce launches.

Eddie Machaalani and Mitchell Harper co-founded BigCommerce as a 100% bootstrapped ecommerce storefront platform.

Since 2009, more than $25 billion merchant sales have been processed through the platform, and the company now has headquarters in Austin, San Francisco and Sydney.

2011: Google Wallet introduced as a digital payment method.

Google Walletwas introduced as a peer-to-peer payment service that enabled individuals to send and receive money from a mobile device or desktop computer.

By linking the digital wallet to a debit card or bank account, users can pay for products or services via these devices.

Today, Google Wallet has joined with Android Pay for what is now known as Google Pay.

2011: Facebook rolls out sponsored stories as a form of early advertising.

Facebook’s early advertising opportunities were offered to Business Page owners via sponsored stories. With these paid campaigns, ecommerce businesses could reach specific audiences and get in the news feeds of different target audiences.

2011: Stripe launches.

Stripe is a payment processing company built originally for developers. It was founded by John and Patrick Collison.

2014: Apple Pay introduced as a mobile payment method.

As online shoppers began using their mobile devices more frequently, Apple introduced Apple Pay, which allowed users to pay for products or services with an Apple device.

2014: Jet.com launches.

Jet.com was founded by entrepreneur Marc Lore (who sold his previous company, Diapers.com, to Amazon.com) along with Mike Hanrahan and Nate Faust.

The company competes with Costco and Sam’s Club, catering to folks looking for the lowest possible pricing for longer shipping times and bulk ordering.

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francineswriting · 3 years

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THE ORIGIN, TREATMENTS, AND THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 IN OUR ECONOMY, COUNTRY AND IT’S PEOPLE

COVID 19 started in Philippines on March 09, 2020. A total of 7 cases tested positive for COVID 19 between 8 – 9 March after the first 3 confirmed cases in January and February 2020.

Prevention of COVID 19:

1. Stay at home as much as you can

2. Keep and safe distance

3. Wash hand often

4. Cover your cough

5. Sick/ call ahead.

Treatments:

It is normal to feel sad, stressed or confused during crisis. Talking to people you trust, such as friends and family can help. If you feel overwhelmed, talk to a health worker counsellor.

LESSON:

“ I LEARNED THAT EVERY HUMAN LIFE IS FRAGILE SO WE MUST TAKE CARE OF OURSELVES MORE. IT ALSO TAUHT ME TO LOVE, TO LISTEN, TO CARE, TO RESPECT AND TO HELP.”

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