Promo photo for Jazz at the Philharmonic Concert in Paris 1957, NARA ID 20012478.
#OTD 1934: Ella Fitzgerald Debuts at Amateur Night at the Apollo!
First Lady of Song AND Civil Rights activist
By Miriam Kleiman, Public Affairs
On the evening of November 21, 1934, 17 year-old Ella Fitzgerald took the stage on Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater and launched her longtime career as the “First Lady of Song.” She sang for presidents, was the first Black woman to win a Grammy (she won 13 Grammy awards) and sold over 40 million albums.
She was also a Civil Rights activist who used her talent to break racial barriers. In recognition of her work she was awarded the NAACP Equal Justice Award and the American Black Achievement Award. The National Archives holds records documenting the discrimination she faced -- and fought.
Ella Fitzgerald et al v. Pan Am: Racism or “honest mistake”?
On tour in 1954 en route to a concert in Australia she was denied the right to board a Pan American flight. She had to spend three days in Hawaii before other transportation to Australia could be secured, and she missed her concert dates.
She sued Pan Am, claiming racism and seeking financial compensation. Pan Am claimed it was “an honest mistake” due to a reservation mix-up. The district judge dismissed the complaint, but the plaintiffs appealed. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed that decision, ruling in favor of the plaintiffs.
New York Times, 12/31/1954.
Complaint, Ella Fitzgerald, John Lewis, Georgiana Henry, and Norman Granz v. Pan American, Inc., 12/23/1954 Records of U.S. District Courts NARA ID 2641486.
Ella Fitzgerald Performs at Birthday Salute to JFK at Madison Square Garden 5/19/1962, JFK Library ID ST-212-15-62.
President Gerald R. Ford and First Lady Betty Ford with Ella Fitzgerald at White House Bicentennial concert 6/20/1976, Ford Library, NARA ID 7840021.
Ella Fitzgerald Performs at the White House State Dinner for King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 10/13/1981, Reagan Library, NARA ID 75855955.
More online:
See the complaint in the Documented Rights online exhibit under “Challenging Discrimination.”
DocsTeach: Complaint in the Case of Fitzgerald v. Pan American Airways, 12/23/1954
DocsTeach: Judgment in the Case of Fitzgerald v. Pan American World Airways, 1/26/1956.
Hear Fitzgerald discuss this incident, the lawsuit, and her legal victory: Ella Fitzgerald kicked off a plane because of her race: CBC Archives.
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Ella Fitzgerald: The Queen of Jazz and Her Enduring Legacy
Introduction:
In the vast realm of jazz, there are few voices that have left as profound an impact as that of Ella Fitzgerald. Known as the “First Lady of Song” and the “Queen of Jazz,” Fitzgerald’s vocal virtuosity, impeccable technique, and unparalleled ability to interpret a song have solidified her place as one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. In this blog post, we delve into the…
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The admiration and love I have for this woman... <3
Ella Fitzgerald has always been with me. Since I was young, my mom would play her music on the stereo cd player, especially during the holidays.
Then during freshman year of high school, I started to discover the jazz world and I became obsessed. And of course, I became obsessed with Ella.
Yes, she is popular. Yes, she holds the title "Queen of Jazz". Yes, she can be heard quite often. BUT, she will never be overrated, EVER!
She was the type of person that I would have loved to have sat down and talked with. She was a beautiful performer and musician, but she also seemed like a wonderful person... ✧♡
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"I loved a maid as red as autumn,
with sunset in her hair,"
I always think about Sansa when I come across this verse 🥺
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Arya when she comes back to Westeros and finds out she’s married to Ramsay Bolton, her mother is back from the dead and leading the BwB to arrange a Red Wedding 2.0, Jon has been killed by the Night’s Watch bc he had forsaken his oath to go kill Ramsay, Bran is North of the Wall with a talking raven and Rickon is on a cannibal island: 👁️👄👁️
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vv interested in the little we get on specifically young alicent’s relationship w criston and how it changes once he’s actually working for her. sansa-esque crush on an idealised version of him honourable white knight who wouldn’t hurt me + much closer to my age than my actual husband + as a kg unattainable enough i’m allowed to like him but of course he likes rhaenyra because rhaenyra’s the princess and she gets EVERYTHING and she doesn’t even like him that much. i’m not jealous i’m not jealous rhaenyra’s my friend etc. + it’s fun that even though after the big timeskip he plays her pseudohusband she’s not interested in him like that anymore bc she knows his actual personality and that he isn’t getting her out
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