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#express dry cleaning Singapore
presstoasia · 7 months
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Benefits Of Choosing A Professional Curtain Cleaning Service
Curtains, a usual household item, manage light and heat while providing privacy. Although they are widely available, cleaning them is difficult. While washing the curtains in a washing machine is a possibility, hiring Pressto Asia, a professional express curtain cleaning Singapore is a safer option. This guarantees adequate cleaning without causing damage, allowing you to effortlessly enjoy confidentially and a well-maintained living area.
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time2wash · 1 year
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While you may wash some types of curtains at home, there is a danger that the fabric will shrink and the colour will fade. Most domestic washing machines are unable to clean a set of curtains. To keep allergens at bay, you might want to consider using a professional curtain dry cleaning service. To learn why you should hire professionals to clean your curtains, read this blog.
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nico-di-genova · 2 months
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Late Night Talks - Strollonso
Written for the prompt: [Lance and Fernando] dead-tired in bed, curled up to each other and they keep making dumb jokes and laughing at them
Warnings: NSFW, not super explicit, but mentioned.
@raapija hopefully this is sort of what you were looking for, I started with answering your prompt and then it just sort of got away from me.
Post Singapore is quickly becoming Lance’s least favorite post-race kind of feel, second only to Qatar which exists in a league of its own. He doesn’t do well in the heat, his body acclimated to colder climates and snow that comes up to his knees. Miami is about the closest he’ll come to acceptable humidity, and only when he can couple it with the lukewarm temperature of the ocean and the salty spray that comes from zipping through the waves on the back of a boat’s tow. But Singapore is the sort of wet heat that clings to you until you can’t breathe around it, it makes driving a car for two hours in on-the-limit conditions near impossible.
“I feel disgusting,” he complains to Fernando, drying the back of his wet hair with a hotel towel and grimacing. He still feels like he has sweat clogging his pores, embedded in his hair follicles, couldn’t seem to get himself clean no matter how hard he scrubbed at his skin.
Fernando, who had taken a shower in his own room because if they had shared it wouldn’t have resulted in attempting to get clean at all, wears a matching expression of discomfort. He’s sprawled across Lance’s bed, in nothing but his boxers and normally that would inspire something in Lance. But sex, especially with Fernando, is a sweaty endeavor and he would like to avoid adding to his already uncomfortable state.
Doesn’t stop him from getting hard anyway, noticeably tenting the towel low on his hips.
Fernando arches an eyebrow, peaks down at Lance through heavy-lidded eyes.
“No, ignore that.”
“Hard to ignore,” Fernando quips, but he’s just as exhausted as Lance and it shows when he doesn’t make an effort to sit up and pull Lance closer. Instead he closes his eyes and readjusts his arm where it’s resting under his head, lets out a sigh that Lance knows is a prelude to quiet snores.
“Don’t fall asleep there,” he complains, shucking off the towel long enough to slide on his own underwear, “You’re taking up the whole bed, asshole.”
He still needs to brush his teeth, probably make an attempt at skincare before the grime of the day sets in and breakouts quickly follow. But standing is beginning to take a lot of effort. It’s like he can feel the weight of the heat bearing down on his shoulders, even though they’re inside, can still feel it pressing on his chest. It’s a good thing they have a late flight tomorrow because Lance’s future plans include nothing more but sleeping until the bone deep exhaustion makes its way out of him.
Fernando hasn’t moved, still lays with his knees hanging off the bed, one arm flung out beside him, legs spread just as wide, like he’s intentionally trying to take up as much space as possible. He nudges Fernando’s knee with his own and it’s the only warning the man gets before Lance is collapsing down beside him, the full weight of him landing on Fernando’s outstretched arm and half on top of his body. They’re laying sideways on the bed, and Lance is too tall for this, immediately finds it uncomfortable. But Fernando smells nice, and he’s warm where Lance presses up against him, so he allows it for the time being. Even if Fernando’s arm is bony and uncomfortable where it’s digging into Lance’s side.
“You are still wet,” Fernando grumbles, still with his eyes closed, still half-asleep, “Off.”
“It’s my bed, old man,”
They share a hotel room most nights now, the separate bookings nothing more than a charade, but they are still technically in Lance’s room. Ignoring Fernando’s griping, he presses closer, throws a leg over the man’s body, finds the crook of Fernando’s neck and nuzzles his nose there, lets his wet hair brush against Fernando’s cheek, until Fernando is wriggling away in discomfort. Annoyance is not a tactic he employs frequently, nor is it one that typically works on Fernando, but it works tonight.
“Like a soggy cat,” Fernando chastises, and then sits up, taking his comforting scent and presence with him.
Lance smiles, satisfied, shifts until he’s right way up on the bed and can let his damp hair soak into the pillows. Fernando lets him get comfortable and then he lays back down, this time with his head resting on Lance’s chest, an area devoid of the moisture from the shower. His breathing evens out pretty quickly, tells Lance he’s quickly drifting back toward unconsciousness. One of his hands splays across Lance’s bare stomach, low enough that his fingers brush along the hair there.
And now it’s his turn to be annoying, because Fernando knows he’s sensitive, uses it to his advantage when he lets his pinkie inch down further.
“This is a dangerous game,” he warns, feels himself grow harder in his underwear.
He can feel when Fernando smiles against him, prickly beard rubbing against the raw skin of his chest with the curl of his lips, “You don’t want to play?”
“Too tired. It would be pretty boring, anyway. I don’t wanna move,” Lance lying flat on his back, Fernando half asleep, both of them pawing at each other’s dicks with flagging interest until the exhaustion won out and the draining adrenaline finally took the last bit of energy they had left. He doubts he could even cum, as tired as he is. And if he did he’d have to trudge back to the shower because no way is he waking up in the morning with cum dried tacky on his stomach alongside the inevitable sweat from being pressed next to Fernando, the human furnace, during the night.
Fernando laughs, quiet, rumbling, “You are a pillow princess anyway.”
“Hey.”
“Is true.”
“It is n-“ he thinks of last night, how Fernando had tried to goad Lance into riding him and he’d made himself more at home on his back. He liked looking up at Fernando, liked burying his head in the crook of his neck and scratching desperately at his back. All things that were pretty hard to do if he was sitting in the air having to dictate the rhythm himself. Lance wasn’t lazy, he just knew what he liked, so sue him.
Fernando knows he’s won when Lance changes the subject. “How do you even know that word?” he’s absentmindedly threading his fingers through Fernando’s hair, the strands mostly dry where Lance’s was still soaking into the pillow. His hair is soft, always well-maintained, soothes something inside Lance because the texture is familiar.
Fernando hums, pleased. Lance tries not to preen at the sound. Pillow princess his ass, he likes to make Fernando feel good too. He can put in the work. If the work is done easily on the comfort of his back.
“I am only forty-two, Lance. Not so old I do not know things.”
“One foot in the grave practically.”
Fernando scoffs, pinches Lance’s stomach in retaliation, “Yes. We go shopping for my headstone tomorrow, pick out flowers.”
Age used to be a thing between them. Back when this started a year ago. When Lance was twenty-four and Fernando still looked at him like he was seeing that kid standing in the Ferrari garage. It had been a thing approximately until the moment Lance took matters into his own hands, took Fernando’s cock in his mouth with practiced ease and any internalized war Fernando was fighting went right out the window. And then it had resurfaced with force the first time Fernando fucked him so hard he was sobbing into the sheets, the sex quickly aborted when Fernando got scared he’d done something wrong, no matter how many times Lance tried to promise it was only that he’d been doing everything right. So they’d had to have a serious discussion, establish boundaries, ensure Lance was in the right headspace to be in a relationship with a man he’d known since he was nine. Now they could joke about it, had put in the work so that the gap in their ages no longer mattered.
“A suit too?” Lance teases, accompanying the press of his words with the pads of his fingers against the base of Fernando’s skull, a pressure he knows helps because of all the times Fernando has done it for him.
Fernando laughs again, more gravely, barely there, “We are planning a funeral or a wedding?”
Lance thinks, stares up at the ceiling and tries to think of a reply that won’t leave him sounding strangled. Wedding. He is startled to find he likes that word, likes it coming from Fernando’s mouth with the concept of Fernando being the person waiting for him at the altar.
“Both. Two birds with one stone,” and then the image of a funeral wedding, both of them standing in a half-dug grave, an arch being replaced with a gravestone, becomes suddenly so funny he can’t stop giggling at the thought of it. “We could leave the reception in a hearse.”
It maybe speaks to his level of exhaustion that he can’t seem to stop laughing at the nonsensical turn in the conversation.
Fernando is still smiling, Lance can still feel it, “You are weird.” He says, and Lance can hear the alternate meaning in the statement, how fond it sounds.
“Been called worse,” Lance jokes, makes sure it stays that, because they both know there’s an element of truth to it. “You almost podium and you are talking about funeral weddings. Strange.”
Oh, yeah, P4. Singapore maybe had taken so much out of him because he’d pushed himself to nearly P3 with nothing but pure spite to fuel him. .3 of a second back from Sergio, chasing the unfamiliar sight of a Red Bull to the finish. He’d felt the desperate need to make up for last year, shut up a certain faction of people that couldn’t seem to keep his name out of their mouths. It wasn’t a podium though, only nearly one, so he still wasn’t particularly satisfied. Fernando had carried most of the excitement for him, praising him in post-race interviews and hugging him as soon as they climbed out of their cars. Lance had already seen pictures of the moment caught from his still active onboard, Fernando’s hand drifting to its natural place at his waist, the other on the back of his helmet. There was of course no sound, so no one had heard the praise Fernando showered him with before they went to be weighed.
‘So proud, cariño. So proud.’
“Almost a podium, Nano. It was P4,” Lance says now, stifling a yawn with the back of his hand, slinking down further into the pillows. Fernando shuffles with the movement, until he’s beside Lance and then they’re both on their sides, parallel to each other. Fernando’s arm wraps around his waist, pulls him closer.
Lance studies the wrinkles forming at the corners of Fernando’s eyes, reaches out to trail the pad of his thumb along them. It is probably one of his favorite features, the mark of years’ worth of laughter. Lance likes to think of Fernando happy, likes when he can make Fernando smile enough that the lines deepen. He doesn’t like when Fernando presses his lips together as he’s doing now, a thin line of dissatisfaction.
“Still a good result.”
Lance concedes, “Yeah, it wasn’t bad.” Could have been better, would have been if he’d been able to manage his tires better on the entry to turn seven like his engineer had requested.
He yawns again, curls closer to Fernando so now he’s the one with his head tucked under Fernando’s chin. If they were still outside, still in their cars, the warmth rolling off Fernando would be unbearable. But the temperature of the hotel has been set to freezing, so his body is beginning to return to a stable level of self-regulation.
“Next time you will get around Perez.”
“He’s in a rocket ship, man. You want me to teleport to P3?” He mumbles against Fernando’s neck, eyes drifting shut, weight of his body sinking further into the mattress.
“Lawrence can hire people. Make that possible. He would invent this for you, I think.”
They both laugh, and then Fernando is rambling something about holding Sergio back next race, letting Lance take P3, and then P2 and then, impossibly, they both know, P1. It’s half in French, half in the bits of Spanish Lance is picking up but is too tired to follow, and then it trails off into nothing because Fernando finally lets the exhaustion win. Lance follows behind not long after.
When they wake in the morning it is to the ringing of Fernando’s phone, to the frantic texts buzzing through on Lance’s. They missed their flight, which means the morning sex isn’t rushed. It means that Lance gets to lay on his back, lazy and selfish, while Fernando teases him but continues to thrust with measured accuracy above him. He lets Fernando mark the skin at the nape of his neck as compensation for doing all the work, lets him suck at the soft skin there until Lance is sure the hickey will take a while to fade.
And maybe Singapore isn’t that bad after all. Despite the heat. Lance thinks he could justify the humidity like he does for Miami, if P4, senseless late night talks, and Fernando’s smile when Lance pants his name are the reward for enduring the climate. It all feels worth it in the end.
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traveldmconline · 4 months
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Discover the Marvels of Singapore City Tour: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to Singapore City Tours
As one of the modern countries filled with variety, innovation, and culture, Singapore, a vibrant cosmopolitan city, is one of the prime purposes of travelers, globally. Singapore is well-known for its clean streets and public parks. And various architectural marvels. The place introduces tourists to the uniquely delectable blending of the city’s various experiences. Catering to all types of tourists. Traveling with a Mission in a City Tour involves visiting the iconic sights besides being a part of a global metropole integrating the past with the present. The possibilities are endless here whatever flavors you prefer. From the history lovers to the adventurers or the foodies.
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History and Culture of Singapore
The city of Singapore is a microcosm of history. Started as just a fishing village and then transformed into a vital maritime center and later became the bustling and vibrant city today. The very core of this amazing civilization is not being erased. Just being blended into the dynamic composition of Singaporean life today. Cultural diversity is the motto of Singapore’s identity, with four streams of influence of Malay and Chinese Indians. And Western traditions form a unique cultural mosaic that can be easily seen in the way of festivals food language, and arts.
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Planning Your Singapore City Tour
An organized voyage can ensure that you return home with a sense of fulfillment and have surely enjoyed your Singapore city tour. The best time for you to go to Singapore will be from February to April, during the dry season when the climate is ideal for outdoor sports as well as movement alone outside. Nevertheless, Singapore’s national festivals such as Chinese New Year or Diwali can show the way of life in original Singapore which keeps its rich cultural traditions unharmed. Using web resources like TravelDMC Online in planning an itinerary could create a more personal, suitable experience that in the end might turn out to be decisions that may disappoint you once on a tour.
Top Attractions in Singapore
Apart from the impressive Marina Bay Sands which can be considered as an architectural masterpiece in itself, there is the spectacle of modern architecture that builds the glittering skyline of Singapore. Meanwhile, there are Gardens by the Bay that turn botanical exhibits into techy fun by Supertree Grove and Flower Dome. Let loose yourself to relax and get luxury on Sentosa Island featuring stunning beaches, a range of theme parks, and water adventure. The aforementioned sites scratch the surface. From this, the adventurous spirit is filled and the nature-cared people can get to know the innovation and the natural beauty of Singapore.
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Exploring Singapore’s Culinary Delights
Singapore is a pot whose bubbles squeeze fast. But express an array of tastes that show all the cultural aspects that Singapore represents. You will find a whole range of eateries right from hawker centers serving up very local favorites like Laksa or Hainanese Chicken Rice to top-rated restaurants with Michelin Stars. This city will please all tastes. Singapore visit is incomplete without satiating the palate. Hence, paying specific attention to this pulp in the basics of the Singapore City Tour experience is crucial.
Shopping in Singapore
The arrays of different stores from the priced ones on Orchard Street to the eccentric street markets in Haji Lane, Chinatown, and Little India all form a shopping heaven in Singapore. It’s not only luxury brand stores and modern gadgets but there are also locally-made crafts to complete your shopping experience. Regardless of the budget and your favorite styles, you’ll get something that suits them.
Singapore’s Nightlife and Entertainment
The sunsets provide the signal that it is time for the lively Singapore nightlife to get around with unlimited choices that will enhance the mood and link preferences of the participants. The same tourist attraction and nightlife activities could be seen in the Clubs in Clarke Quay and Marina Bay Lane with different styles of bars, and clubs. And lounges providing entertainment packages consisting of live music and panoramic city views. Chill out for the night experiencing a night safari in the Singapore Zoo or admiring the Spectra light and laser show at the Marina Bay Sands.
Cultural and Historical Sites in Singapore
Singapore’s history is enshrined in its museums, monuments, and neighborhoods. Public places are also good examples of the rich history of the country. Through the Asian Civilization Museum and the National Museum of Singapore. Visitors gain an insight into the rich cultural heritage of the region. Kampong Glam, Chinatown, and Little India, which have been preserved to reflect the region’s diversity in architecture, daily life, and art, allow visitors to relive the historical period.
Singapore City Tour: Customized Experiences
City tours are customized to suit the individual’s distinct interest areas like history, nature, and dining. It is an option for people looking for tailor-made experiences. By choosing between a private guide or a self-guided app. Visitors can have control of their velocity of exploration as well as the direction their interests take.
Transportation Tips for the Singapore City Tour
Getting to your destination in Singapore can be highly convenient due to its well-developed transport services. The MRT system covers all the major points of interest except buses are the mode of transportation for people who want to go to diverse places and taxis are also preferred by tourists. Tourists can also prefer the Singapore Tourist Pass while enjoying unlimited trips across buses and trains as it offers free travel.
Travel Tips for First-Time Visitors
First-time tourists in Singapore must be aware of local difficulties concerning law and culture. For example, chewing gum and littering are prohibited. Additionally. Do not forget about the importance of staying hydrated and sunscreen if you are going outdoors. This is especially true when you have to explore the attractions.
Sustainable Tourism in Singapore
Singaporean policy has made nature conservation an important priority, and it encourages visitors to respect the environment by ensuring that they do the same as much as they can. One of the ways to reduce the carbon footprint in a city is via the use of public transport and plastic minimization as well as backing up green operations.
Comparing Singapore City Tours
Take into account details such as the length of the walking tour. And the theme you prefer. Sites such as TravelDMC Online provide an assortment of tours aimed at various groups of people. Individuals cannot be dissociated from each other on tours. To ensure that every visitor finds the most suitable way of exploring Singapore.
FAQs
What is the best time to go on a Singapore city tour?
The best time for a Singapore city tour is during the dry season. From February to April. When the weather is fair and stable. Hence the visitors can expect few or no rains so that the tourists can do outdoor activities or just sightseeing. But, going during cultural festivals such as Chinese New Year or the Mid-Autumn Festival might provide you with a one-of-a-kind lively experience.
Can I explore Singapore’s attractions on foot?
Sure, Singapore is the kind of city that is very well-liked by many people where everything is in good condition. And there are many places to walk and enjoy the beautiful nature with your friend. Places such as Marina Bay, Chinatown, and Little India are not quite a whole world, but still very pleasant to discover by foot. Although the city’s humid climate may pose a potential problem from heat exhaustion. As long as you stay hydrated and take periodical breaks, you should be fine.
Conclusion: Making the Most of Your Singapore City Tour
A Singapore City Tour is more than a journey sourcing in a modern metropolis. It’s a multi-sensory experience that sheds light on both aspects. The intangible soul of the city and the physical beauty of the city blends history, culture, nature, and technology. Visitors who wish to not only have a good time but want to make a positive impact on the community by paying respects to everything that Singapore has to offer. Can truly make marvelous memories while they are there.
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ultimatelaundrysg · 11 months
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Best Laundry Service Singapore – Ultimate Laundry
When it comes to finding the best laundry service in Singapore, look no further than Ultimate Laundry. With their exceptional attention to detail and dedication to customer satisfaction, they have established themselves as a top choice for residents in the city-state.
Ultimate Laundry strives to provide the ultimate laundry experience for their customers. From the moment you drop off your clothes until the time you pick them up, their team of experienced professionals ensures that every garment is handled with care. They use state-of-the-art equipment and premium detergents to ensure that your clothes come out fresh, clean, and smelling great.
One of the reasons why Ultimate Laundry stands out among other laundry service providers in Singapore is their commitment to convenience. They offer a range of services, including dry cleaning, washing, ironing, and even alterations. Whether you need to clean your everyday clothes or delicate fabrics, their skilled staff will handle each item with precision.
In addition to Ultimate Laundry, there are other top laundry service providers in Singapore that are worth considering. These establishments have also garnered a reputation for their high-quality services and customer satisfaction. Some notable options include Fresh Laundry, Clean & Tidy, and Laundry Express. Each of these providers offers their own unique features, such as fast turnaround times, personalized service, and eco-friendly practices.
When choosing the best laundry service for your needs, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, reliability and punctuality are crucial. You want a service provider that will deliver your freshly cleaned garments on time, every time. Additionally, affordability and competitive pricing play a role in the decision-making process.
In conclusion, if you're in search of the best laundry service in Singapore, look no further than Ultimate Laundry. With their commitment to excellence and dedication to customer satisfaction, they provide the ultimate laundry experience. Don't hesitate to give them a try and enjoy the convenience of having your clothes expertly cleaned and cared for.
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f1 · 2 years
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Im here to win Pole-sitter Leclerc eager to banish frustrating Singapore memories on Sunday
Charles Leclerc will start on pole for the 2022 Singapore Grand Prix – and the Ferrari driver said he wanted to make up for what he called a “frustrating” 2019 race that saw him lose out to then-team mate Sebastian Vettel… On Saturday, Leclerc qualified on pole position by just 0.022s over Sergio Perez in a close-cut, damp qualifying session, which saw Max Verstappen qualify eighth and Lewis Hamilton take third on the grid. READ MORE: Leclerc claims pole position by 0.022s from Perez in stunning wet-dry Singapore qualifying as Verstappen takes P8 The Ferrari driver was delighted, but admitted that memories of the last Singapore Grand Prix – where in 2019 Ferrari’s strategy call saw Vettel undercut him and win, leaving Leclerc furious – were still raw. “Obviously that was frustrating that day, I remember it very, very well,” he said. “Looking back, it was probably the right choice for the time, because it helped us do a one-two which probably wouldn’t have been possible without that. “Having said that, if it happens again tomorrow, I will probably be as frustrated as 2019, because I’m here to win and the only thing I want to do is to win tomorrow, so I’ll try my best and let’s see what we’ll do.” 2019 Singapore GP - Relive the previous race at Marina Bay The Monegasque driver added that his second consecutive Singapore pole was “really special” despite mistakes at Turns 13 and 16 that almost saw him relinquish the chance to start from P1. “It was really, really special. Every qualifying [session] in street tracks are super [on the] limit and even more when it is damp like that. There are some parts of the track that are wet, so you lose the rear, but overall I managed to do quite a clean lap and it worked well. “I’m very happy with today’s result, especially considering the Friday we had,” he added. “We had very limited amount of laps yesterday for some issues, but we recovered well. So, we don’t have much data for the race run but if we do the perfect execution, I’m sure we can win.” HIGHLIGHTS: Watch the action from a damp third practice session at the Singapore Grand Prix 2022 Singapore GP Qualifying: Charles Leclerc takes pole as Verstappen dramatically aborts lap Carlos Sainz, who qualified a tenth behind Hamilton in P4, expressed his disappointment having made a mistake at Turn 16 in Q3 and lost the chance to maximise improving conditions at the end of the session. The Spaniard said he was eyeing the podium on Sunday. “I think I was on pole all the way until Turn 16 and then the lap went away from me,” he said. “It’s true also that we did the lap fairly early, still had two minutes on the clock left, and in these conditions, maybe we could have done it a bit later and maximised the track evolution. But it is what it is. We still can win and we still can get into the podium tomorrow from P4. “I think we did a good session overall, it’s just a shame that that tenth and a half cost us four positions. We’ll take it, but we’ll look back into it and see what we could have done – also to do the lap a bit later or a bit less mistakes through the lap – and see where we can improve,” concluded Sainz. via Formula 1 News https://www.formula1.com
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pabrikcoldstorage · 3 years
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jasacoldstorage · 3 years
Video
0895396089651~ JASA KONTRAKTOR COLD STORAGE BANJARMASIN Kalimantan Selatan
WA: 0895-396-089-651| PABRIK COLD STORAGE / COLD ROOM BERKUALITAS
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panicinthestudio · 4 years
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Doctors and health experts urged people not to drink or inject disinfectant on Friday after U.S. President Donald Trump suggested scientists should investigate inserting the cleaning agent into the body as a way to combat COVID-19.
"[This is an] absolutely dangerous, crazy suggestion," said Paul Hunter, a professor of medicine at Britain's University of East Anglia.
"You may not die of COVID-19 after injecting disinfectant, but only because you may already be dead from the injection."
Trump said at his daily media briefing on Thursday that scientists should explore whether inserting light or disinfectant into the bodies of people infected with the new coronavirus might help them clear the disease.
"Is there a way we can do something like that by injection, inside, or almost a cleaning?" he said. "It would be interesting to check that."
Trump looked over at Dr. Deborah Birx while making the comments. The co-ordinator of one of the White House's coronavirus task forces appeared uncomfortable and caught off-guard.
Parastou Donyai, director of pharmacy practice and a professor of social and cognitive pharmacy at the University of Reading, said Trump's comments were shocking and unscientific.
Donyai said people worried about the new coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease it causes should seek help from a qualified doctor or pharmacist, and "not take unfounded and off-the-cuff comments as actual advice."
Robert Reich, a professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley and a former U.S. labour secretary, added on Twitter: "Trump's briefings are actively endangering the public's health. Please don't drink disinfectant."
Reckitt Benckiser, which manufacturers household disinfectants Dettol and Lysol, issued a statement on Friday.
"Under no circumstance should our disinfectant products be administered into the human body [through injection, ingestion or any other route]," the company said.
Trump's comments were also met with alarm by the medical experts that the U.S. news networks employ as contributors.
"I just don't think we should be normalizing that in any way, shape or form," said Dr. Sanjay Gupta on CNN.
In the same segment, Dr. Leana Wen said the experts serving in the administration are engaged in a difficult balancing act of needing to tell the truth "while at the same time not upsetting the president so much that they can't be credible in his eyes."
The comments were also pounced on by former vice-president Joe Biden, the presumptive Democratic nominee for president in the November election.
"UV light? Injecting disinfectant?," said Biden. "Here's an idea, Mr. President: more tests. Now. And protective equipment for actual medical professionals."
Trump's comments came after a U.S. official in the briefing suggested the coronavirus appears to weaken more quickly when exposed to sunlight, heat and humidity, in a potential sign that the pandemic could become less contagious in summer months.
U.S. government researchers have determined that the virus survives best indoors and in dry conditions, and loses potency when temperatures and humidity rise – and especially when it is exposed to sunlight, said William Bryan, acting head of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate.
"The virus dies quickest in the presence of direct sunlight," he told a White House news briefing. On non-porous surfaces like stainless steel, the new coronavirus takes 18 hours to lose half its strength in a dark, low-humidity environment, Bryan said.
In a high-humidity environment, that half-life dropped to six hours, and when the virus was exposed to high humidity and sunlight, the half-life dropped to two minutes, he said.
Researchers found a similar effect with the coronavirus that was suspended in the air, simulating the coughing or sneezing that often spreads the disease. In a dark room, the virus maintained half its strength for an hour. But when exposed to sunlight, it lost half its strength in 90 seconds, Bryan said.
Researchers also found that isopropyl alcohol was a more effective disinfectant than bleach, he said.
The findings could bolster hopes that the coronavirus will mimic the behaviour of other respiratory diseases like influenza, which typically are less contagious in warm weather.
But the coronavirus has also proven lethal in warm-weather places like Singapore, raising broader questions about the impact of environmental factors.
Trump lashed out at a Washington Post reporter who wondered if it was "dangerous" for him to be making unproven statements to Americans regarding sunlight and the virus.
"I'm here to present ideas because we want ideas to get rid of this thing," the president said.
Trump, in his bid to provide optimistic news as the country grapples with the deadly pandemic, has previously been criticized for dismissing the dangers of coronavirus as overblown.
As its dangers became clear, he began touting drugs whose efficacy in treating patients with the coronavirus has not been proven and which sometimes lead to deadly side-effects.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Friday cautioned against the use of malaria drugs, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of serious heart rhythm problems.
The agency said it was aware of increased use of these medicines through outpatient prescriptions and the drugs could cause abnormal heart rhythms and dangerously rapid heart rate.
Concerns that political considerations may have overridden science reached Capitol Hill this week after a vaccine specialist revealed he was reassigned.
Rick Bright, former director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, or BARDA, said on Wednesday he was replaced as its director because he resisted the Trump administration's efforts to push hydroxychloroquine and the related chloroquine.
He has filed a whistleblower complaint, and Democrats are also asking questions about his reassignment.
Trump has also made rosy statements about the extent of coronavirus testing and the development of a potential vaccine that have been questioned.
Another example came Thursday when he was questioned about comments Dr. Anthony Fauci made to Time magazine.
Fauci, the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said the U.S. capacity to test needs to be ramped up and is being hampered by a lack of swabs and reagents, among other factors.
"I am not overly confident right now at all, that we have what it takes to do that," said Fauci.
Hours after those comments came to light, Trump replied to a reporter: "I don't agree with him on that, no, I think we're doing a great job on testing."
CBC
youtube
Trump floats dangerous coronavirus treatment ideas as Dr Birx looks on, April 24, 2020
Donald Trump prompted a backlash from medical experts after floating the idea that they could look into heat, light and injections of disinfectants as a cure for Covid-19. His public health advisers immediately played down the idea, and medics warn that trying such ideas could be fatal. Coronavirus response coordinator Dr Deborah Birx appeared caught off guard when Trump asked her directly if heat and light would cure the deadly disease. ‘Not as a treatment,' Birx replied.
The Guardian
This is public and reckless endangerment. No one should be taking Trump’s words as sound and reasonable advice.
He’s operating on zero good faith, trust, or culpability and the White House briefings on a national and international crisis to the public and press is not a context where protected freedom of speech and expression applies, least of all providing time for him to spread dangerous and life-threatening ideas as part of public office.
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aaircoolstuff · 4 years
Text
How to save money on electricity bill with aircon consumption in Singapore
Normally Perfect your Aircon Vent
The most straightforward and simplest approach to set aside cash while utilizing the Aircon Servicing in Singapore is to clean it in any event two times per week. The specialists uncovered that by consistently cleaning your air conditioning vents, you could drop the utilization of power by around 2%. In addition, cleaning the aircon will give a protected and solid condition for your family and friends and family.
Mood killer the Aircon Unit
It is prudent to kill your aircon at any rate one hour before going out. Rather, you can turn on the fans, and they will in any case furnish you with outside air. You can set aside a great deal of cash before the month's over in the event that you make it a propensity to kill your aircon day by day before leaving the house.
Lessen Direct Wellsprings of Daylight
It is said that if the sun beams are coming straightforwardly in your room, your air conditioning is staying at work past 40 hours to furnish you with cool air. You can without much of a stretch limit the immediate wellsprings of daylight by shutting the windows or attracting overwhelming draperies front of your open windows. You can close the entryway to decrease the immediate wellsprings of daylight coming into your room.
Utilize an Indoor regulator or a Clock
Utilizing an indoor regulator is best for the people who are prone to lay down with their climate control systems turned on. You can set aside to $20 every month by utilizing an indoor regulator for your aircon. It isn't just achievable for your condition however sets aside a great deal of cash over the long haul.
Introduce Dry Dividers for your air conditioning
Drywalls are the best source to spare vitality utilization. The cutting edge research expresses that the new gypsum sheets accessible in the market can assist with lessening your power bill by limiting the warm vitality inside your rooms. They are additionally productive in keeping fire from getting inside the rooms in the event of any abrupt mishap.
Continuously Keep a Support Administration Record
An exhausted climate control system will devour more vitality than a very much looked after one. Issues, for example, coolant releases, broken vents or splits in the packaging of your aircon cause your Aircon repair service to deplete more force. In this way, it is fitting consistently to fix your air conditioning once some time to spare the utilization of power.
Go for a Legitimate Brand while Purchasing your air conditioning
Rather than going for modest forced air systems, attempt to purchase the air conditioner of a respectable brand with the goal that it works longer and doesn't put additional weight on your wallet.
The aircon has become the need of the day in the dry and sweltering climate of Singapore. By embracing the above measures, you can without much of a stretch spare enormous bucks on your power bill while getting a charge out of the cool demeanor of your aircon. What are you sitting tight for? Begin getting a good deal on your power charges today by following these basic ways.
Need Best aircon service? Our professionals are specialists and have diverse involvement in a wide range of cooling frameworks. MCL is solid aircon adjusting organization from Singapore, we endeavor to give you quality work. Regardless of whether it's a Window or a split air conditioning, you can be certain our activity is done completely and expertly. Recruit us for aircon adjusting anyplace in Singapore.
 Sugei kadut,
Singapore.
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presstoasia · 7 months
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Transforming Your Clothes with Express Dry Cleaning in Singapore
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In the dynamic rhythm of Singapore's urban lifestyle, the demand for efficient services extends to every facet of our daily routine, including garment care. Enter the realm of Express Dry Cleaning Singapore, a solution that seamlessly marries convenience with the promise of impeccably clean clothes, transforming the way we approach wardrobe maintenance.
Pressto Asia has redefined the traditional dry cleaning narrative by offering express services that prioritize both speed and garment preservation. Our dedication to perfection is obvious in our use of cutting-edge technology, innovative apparatus, and environmentally safe detergents. This ensures not only a speedy turnaround but also the quality and integrity of your textiles. The expertise demonstrated in handling delicate materials, intricate details, and stubborn stains reflects years of mastery in the craft.
Express dry cleaning isn't just about saving time; it's about catering to the modern lifestyle. Pressto Asia recognizes the value of time in the bustling city and extends services beyond the conventional. With convenient options such as pickup and delivery, they bring the efficiency of express dry cleaning right to your doorstep, seamlessly integrating into your busy schedule.
In a city where appearances matter, express curtain cleaning Singapore becomes a must. Pressto Asia's rapid dry cleaning is the key to effortless elegance in the heart of Singapore, whether it's reviving a last-minute outfit for an important meeting or ensuring your favorite gear is ready for an unexpected evening. Experience the quickness and precision of express dry cleaning to boost your style.
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time2wash · 1 year
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Express Laundry & Dry Cleaning Services in Singapore
Our goal is to deliver comfort right to your door. Now you may easily and affordably use laundry services in Singapore. Get rid of expensive water bills and save a lot of money by working with us. You can trust our team in Singapore to take good care of your clothes because they have years of experience with washing and express dry cleaning in Singapore.
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glorious-spoon · 5 years
Text
burn out before i wake
3.17 coda fic; Magnus-centric angst
On AO3
*
Waking up feels like wrestling his way out of a sticky, smothering cocoon, and when he finally manages to peel his eyelids open, even the dim morning light filtering in through the closed blinds makes his head ache. His mouth tastes like something died in it, and he swears he can actually feel whiskey seeping out of his pores. Smell it, too. On his side of the bed, Alec is still fast asleep; he’s not even touching Magnus, but the ambient heat of his body feels uncomfortably like standing too close to a furnace. He’s still mostly dressed and sweating through his clothes. It’s possibly the most disgusting he’s ever felt, and he lived in London before it had proper sewers.
So this is what a hangover feels like. What a lovely aspect of existence as a mundane that he gets to experience now.
Magnus levers himself carefully upright, moving slowly both out of respect for his pounding head and unsettled gut and because he really doesn’t want to wake Alec up. He has a feeling that when he does, Alec is going to want to talk, and they really… probably should, but he just can’t. Not right now.
There’s a glass of water and two round white pills on the bedside table. A note in Alec’s handwriting reads, sternly, DRINK ALL OF THIS WHEN YOU WAKE UP!!!
His Alexander. Always looking out for him, even after Magnus has made such a wreck of everything between them. Magnus sighs and leans over to pick up the glass, condensation smearing on his palms.
Everything about last night seems disjointed and hazy, especially after the last five drinks or so, but the blackout that he was half-hoping for hasn’t materialized. He remembers crashing into the solid heat of Alec’s body, how struggling to pull away somehow turned into clinging, weeping, the shoulder of Alec’s jacket going wet beneath his cheek as they sank to the floor together. Alec’s voice soft and frantic and then suddenly, deliberately calm, soothing him until he managed to let go, and then stepping back to the table for a glass of water, settling back down beside him and coaxing him to drink it in slow, careful sips.
Abusing his administrative access to take the emergency passages back to their room so they didn’t encounter anyone on the way there. Holding a cold damp cloth to the back of Magnus’s neck and stroking his back while he vomited up about about a quart of whiskey and then helping him out of his shoes and his jacket and tucking him into bed like a fucking child.
God. Magnus has probably had more humiliating nights in his four hundred years of life on Earth, but he certainly can’t remember one now. Shame curdles in his gut, thick and nauseating.
He must make a sound after all, because Alec shifts, rolls onto his back, rubs a hand clumsily over his face, and opens his eyes. There’s a crease from the pillow on one cheek, and his hair is a disaster, and he’s luminous, possibly the most beautiful person Magnus has ever seen. He seems as far away and untouchable right now as the sun.
“Magnus?” he says. His voice creaks with sleep. “How’re you feeling?”
“No worse than I deserve,” Magnus says honestly. He rolls the glass between his palms. “I’m sorry for ruining dinner.”
Something shifts in Alec’s face, an odd, heartbroken flicker. Magnus thinks that it probably wouldn’t be detectable to anyone who hasn’t spent hours cataloging all of Alec’s expressions, but he has, and he notices. He doesn’t know what it means, but he notices.
“Don’t worry about it,” Alec says finally, and he actually does sound sincere. “There’ll be other dinners. I just want to know if you’re okay.”
“That is a loaded question, Alexander.”
“Yeah,” Alec sighs. “I guess it is.”
“I feel…” Magnus shakes his head, sips from the water glass to prevent himself from putting any of the first five things that occur to him into words. Eventually, he comes up with, “I need a shower.”
A shower is good. A shower is actionable. He can wash the stink of stale whiskey off of him, at least; it won’t fix any of his actual problems, but maybe he’ll feel a little better.
“Okay, Magnus,” Alec says, very quietly.
*
He doesn’t feel any better.
He dresses to the nines when he gets out, a black tunic with a hundred tiny pearl-headed buttons that take him five minutes to do up without magic. He bought it in… Singapore, maybe? Somewhere in that general geographic area, at least, twenty years or more before Alec was born. Alec sits on the bed and watches him with an expression that’s more thoughtful than Magnus is used to seeing from him this early in the morning, and when he’s done, he says, softly, “Are you okay?”
“For a certain extremely limited definition of the term, yes,” Magnus tells him, because he’s done lying to Alec about things that matter. It hasn’t worked out well for either of them recently. “I smell better, at least. So there’s that.”
“Do you want to talk about it?”
“Definitely not.”
“Okay,” Alec says again. He hesitates, worrying at the web of skin between his thumb and forefinger with his blunt nails, then says, without quite meeting Magnus’s eyes, “Magnus, I’m sorry. I wasn’t--I should have been paying more attention, I shouldn’t have assumed you were okay now just because I wanted to believe that we could—”
“Stop,” Magnus interrupts quietly, and the rush of words cuts off like a door has slammed between them. He presses his thumbs to his aching temples, trying to press out some of the foggy pain. Unsuccessfully. Alec still isn’t meeting his eyes, and that makes it easier, somehow, to find the words. “I didn’t want you to know. I’m a proud man, Alexander. Do you think it’s easy for me to be this weak? To see you look at me like—”
Like the way Alec is looking at him now, expression soft, eyes wide and worried. This time Magnus is the one to look away, and Alec shifts, pushing away the covers to stand and cross the room, to take Magnus’s hands in his. There’s something tentative about it, like he’s expecting to get slapped away, and it breaks some small part of Magnus’s heart to see it.
“You’re not weak,” he says, very firmly.
Magnus sighs, curling his fingers around Alec’s. “I am. Right now, I am.”
Alec wants to argue. He has that stubborn expression that always precedes some kind of declaration, but this time it doesn’t make it out of his mouth. He squeezes Magnus’s hand instead, lifts it to press a kiss to his knuckles. “Are you sure you don’t want to talk about it?”
“Very sure,” Magnus says, although he’s not. Part of him wants to grab onto Alec like he did last night, to sob out all of his grief and frustration and icy fear into the heatsink of his body. It’s only a small part, though, and unlike last night it’s not the one in charge of making decisions. He pulls his hands away from Alec’s, pats his shoulders. “You should go get ready for work. You have to be at the ops room in half an hour.”
“I’m the Head of the Institute, I can take the day off if I want to.”
“And do what? Hang around here waiting for me to have another alcohol-fuelled breakdown?” Alec flinches, and Magnus scrubs a hand over his face, abruptly disgusted with himself. He just can’t stop, can he? “I’m sorry. That was unfair.”
“It’s fine.”
“It really isn’t,” Magnus says, and he means the whole damn mess of a situation, but he pulls Alec down for a brief kiss anyway. “I’m not going to drown myself in a bottle of whiskey in your absence. Go take a shower. Keep your siblings from bringing about the end of the world before breakfast. I’ll go… I don’t know. Run some errands. We can--” He hesitates. “I will talk to you about it, I promise. But not right now.”
“Okay,” Alec says finally. “If you’re sure.”
“I am. Go.”
*
The shower is still running when he starts idly picking up the scattered clothes on the floor. His own crumpled pants and jacket, which will definitely need to be professionally cleaned. There’s no way he’ll trust a bespoke jacket to an Institute laundry more concerned with getting ichor out of combat gear, and it’s not as though he can just magic away the spills and stale drunk-sweat anymore.
Dry cleaners, that’s the word. He’ll have to locate a reputable one in his now copious free time.
He lets the pants fall from his hands, then sinks down onto the floor, and then, because Alec isn’t there to see it, drops his face into his palms, presses the heels of his hands into his eyes until white spots bloom in his vision.
Everything is so fucking difficult now. Even such a stupid little thing as laundry is a reminder of what he doesn’t have anymore.
He doesn’t know how long he sits there, breathing harshly in the stillness of Alec’s bedroom, the sound of the shower in the other room distant and faded, before he finally manages to lift his head. He scrapes a hand over his dry face, and then he stands up, picks up the pile of discarded clothes on the floor, and goes to drop them in the hamper, and as he does something drops out of the pocket of Alec’s good pants to land with a clatter on the floor.
A box. A little round silver box, just about the right size for—
Like looking out the wrong end of a telescope, Magnus remembers again the candlelit table, the roses, the carefully beautiful setting of it. Alec’s nervous, distracted, happy tension yesterday morning.
Alec, standing up to get him a glass of water and pausing for a moment at the table to pick something up and pocket it, the sudden slump of his shoulders.
Fuck.
He really does ruin everything, doesn’t he?
Moving like he’s in a dream, he flips the lid of the box open. It shouldn’t be a shock to see the Lightwood crest, but somehow it is. The ring feels heavy in his palm, and when he slips it onto his finger, it fits perfectly. The last person to wear this was Maryse, who definitely doesn’t wear the same size as him, so Alec must have had it refitted.
It looks good on his hand. Magnus splays his fingers out, staring at it, and just for a moment allows himself to imagine an alternate version of last night where he could have sat down across from Alec and enjoyed the way his smile looked in the candlelight. Where he could have been delighted by the sight of this, where he could have let Alec slip it onto his finger and leaned across the table to kiss the smile off of his mouth—
The shower shuts off. Magnus yanks the ring off with fingers made clumsy by haste, jams it back in the box, and tucks that back into the pocket of Alec’s discarded pants. He leaves those on the floor, shoves his own clothes into the hamper, hesitates, listening to Alec move around the bathroom. His chest feels numb and bruised, his throat tight.
If he stays here, Alec will ask him what’s wrong, and Magnus has already used up his daily quota of sobbing into his boyfriend’s shirt. He shoves his feet into his boots instead, and slips out of the room without a sound.
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lookaftermi-blog · 5 years
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How and Where can you do Ombre nails in Singapore?
Nowadays there are many trends that are developing, not only about clothes or makeup, the technique of using nail polish or making nail art is also one of the women’s favorite things. If you used the one-color nail polish first, you can now change your nails to a more attractive ombre color.
Maybe you think, making attractive nails with a touch of ombre nail polish is complicated and troublesome, but from now on you don’t seem to think like that anymore, because to make ombre nails is really easy. Who knows if you are interested in making Ombre nails, you can follow the steps below.
How to do DIY Ombre?
Now, not only your cakes and hair can be Ombre. Your beautiful nails need to be decorated in the same way.
Requirements
Just prepare 2 nail polish with different colors that can cause beautiful gradations, such as peach and pink or blue sky and pastel blue. Then, prepare any topcoat, toothpicks, and sponges.
Steps
Clean the nails with acetone to remove nail polish that was applied before and clean the dirt on the nails. Use cotton to apply acetone. Then, shape the nails as desired.
Use clear nail polish as a basis for applying ombre nails so the nail polish lasts longer.
After drying, take the brightest nail polish. To make it more contrast, apply white as the basis for applying ombre nails. With bright colors, the results will be more perfect.
Apply petroleum jelly around the nails to avoid nail polish stains that are difficult to remove.
Make gradations by applying Ombre colors. Sweep colors horizontally using small paper to make it neater.
Ombre nails are trending right now and you can see it’s everywhere you look, and nail art shops are popping up in malls and stand-alone salons all around Jakarta. With endless possibilities in customizing your pretty fingers using gels, 3D art and more, these fashionable nails are becoming the new “it” accessory. We’re here to help show you the go-to nail salons in Singapore ready to transform your nails into Instagrammable works of art.
Kelyn Esther
Kelyn Esther is a Singapore botanical and organic skincare brand with their own beauty salon. We want a place which offers customers stress-free treatments. They promise to offer flexible packages through our friendly therapists at fair prices. Prices for Ombre nails start from $38.
Opening hours: Mon -Sun 11am — 8pm
Kelyn Esther is located in 269 Queen St, #02–227/231 180269 Singapore
2. N20 Nail Spa
N20 Nail Spa Salon, located in the heart of Jurong East, offers a wide range of the finest affordable manicures and pedicures in Singapore. They Treat your nails to a luxurious and pampering nail spa. There is a treatment for everyone: you can either opt for a luxury Spa Set Treatment or just simply an Express Manicure for those in a rush. Nail Art, as well as Nail Extensions, are also on offer by our trained professionals. Prices for Ombre nails start from $60.
Opening hours: Mon -Sun 11am — 9pm
N20 Nail Spa is located in No3 Gateway Drive Westgate Singapore — 608532
3. The Nail Butler
The Nail Butler Centrally located in Orchard, you will immediately enjoy the clear atmosphere of The Nail Butler! Their professionals will pamper your nails with care. Ladies, Gentlemen, or Students, everyone is welcome! Prices for Ombre nails start from $38.
Opening hours: Mon -Sat 12pm — 8pm
The Nail butler is located in 150 Orchard Road, Orchard Plaza Singapore — 238841
If you want an easier booking, book your way through Lookaftermi. Trust me, it is cheaper that way!
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ultimatelaundrysg · 3 years
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Find the Best Dry Cleaning Services for Your Curtains
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ayittey1 · 6 years
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Why the Asian Tiger Model Will Never Work In Africa
"We want to learn a lot from Singapore that has been very successful, that has turned a lot of challenges historically into a lot of opportunities," Kagame told National Public Radio’s correspondent, Frank Langfitt, on September 16, 2012.[i] While Rwanda has done well economically, the Asian Tiger Model -- development under authoritarianism – is not one African countries should emulate. As Chu (2009) explains,
 “In 2007, Kagame took a team to Singapore to study how the country turned itself from a regional trading post into a global business capital. But while there are parallels between the two nations — both are run by strong, postcolonial governments whose democratic credentials are widely questioned — Singapore has advantages that Rwanda does not, from its outstanding education system to its geography to its fastidious reputation. (It annoys President Kagame that foreigners often don’t know that Rwanda, too, is tidy. At a speech in Boston last year [2008], an American rose during the Q&A time and praised Kigali for being surprisingly safe and clean. Those in the audience recall that the president called the guy out. “What did you expect?” he said. “Did you expect us to be violent and dirty?”)”
 Nevertheless, this Asian Tiger model has never worked in postcolonial Africa. In fact, no dictator has brought lasting prosperity to any African country because the situations of the two continents are vastly different. First, the Asian Tigers have relatively more ethnically homogeneous populations than in Africa. Nigeria for example has more than 250 ethnic groups; Congo DR has over 400. Economic prosperity that benefits one group at the expense of the others is a recipe for social unrest and political upheaval. Even Somalia which is ethnically homogeneous imploded into chaos and has been without a government since 1991. The politics of exclusion was largely responsible for the implosion of Rwanda in 1994.
 Second, most of the Asian Tigers are insular. Those unwilling to tolerate authoritarian rule had few options but to grin and bear it in the 1970s. By contrast, borders are porous in Africa and those unwilling to live under authoritarian rule will always vote with their feet to go and settle somewhere else. In fact, the continent is crawling with economic and political refugees, as well as those fleeing wars and humanitarian catastrophes. As pointed out earlier, Africans from Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia and South Sudan were among those who perished in vain attempts to cross the Mediterranean to reach Europe in 2015.Third, several Asian Tigers - Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea in particular -- faced an external communist threat and, as a result, their people were willing to accept curbs on their civil liberties to fight that external enemy. Africa has had no such enemy after the 1960s. In fact, for most Africans, the enemy has been within – the state.
  “Most African regimes have been so alienated and so violently repressive that their citizens see the state and its development agents as enemies to be evaded, cheated and defeated if possible, but never as partners. The leaders have been so engrossed in coping with the hostilities which their misrule and repression has unleashed that they are unable to take much interest in anything else including the pursuit of development.” Ake (1991).
Olusegun Obasanjo, former president of Nigeria dismissed Nigeria’s National Assembly as “a den of thieves and looters.”[ii]
 Fourth, because of the external communist threat, the Asian Tigers received large amounts of Western aid, something Africa cannot count on. Even then, Africa really does not need foreign aid since the aid resources it desperately needs can be found in Africa itself. Each year, Africa receives about $35 billion in foreign aid from all sources but corruption alone costs Africa $150 billion a year.[iii] Obviously Africa would not need any foreign aid if it is half as successful in stanching out corruption. Fifth, and more importantly, Africa needs to devise its own economic development model. For much of the postcolonial period, Africa leaders copied many foreign models, system and paraphernalia, transplanting them into Africa. Virtually every foreign model has and some meretricious replica somewhere in Africa. Rome has a Basilica, so one was built in Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast. France once had an emperor; so in 1975, President Jean-Bedel Bokassa of the Central African Republic spent $25 million crown himself one.[iv] The US has a space center; so Nigeria spent $89 million to build the Obasanjo Space Center in 2010 at the time when Nigeria cannot feed itself. The list of such unimaginative copying is endless. The continent is littered with the rancid carcasses of failed imported systems. It would be the height of insanity to suggest that Africa needs yet another foreign model to copy -- from Singapore.
 The economic model that Rwanda and other African countries need to copy can be found in Africa itself – in Botswana. It is black Africa’s best-kept secret.  It has consistently averaged an economic rate of growth above 7% since the 1980s. Although various analysts have attributed its success to mineral wealth in diamonds, a combination of factors have contributed immensely. Foremost has been the absence of civil war and political strife in its postcolonial history.  Second, Botswana enjoys political stability – not engineered by some dictator declaring the country a one-party state. Botswana is a parliamentary democracy. Third, the government has pursued strikingly prudent economic policies, allowing pragmatism, rather than emotional rhetoric, to prevail. It did not squander export windfall from diamonds like Nigeria did of its oil boom.  Fourth, Botswana has a lively free press and freedom of expression.   Commenting on the political process in Botswana, Professor Patrick Mulotsi, a lecturer in sociology at the University of Botswana, was quite pithy:
 “If you look at the prerequisites of liberal democracy, the rule of law has been highly respected. A lot of people can say a lot of things with relatively little fear. There has been a lot of response by the ruling party to debates with the opposition.”[v]
  Botswana can find solutions to its economic problems because it permits free debate and freedom of expression. By contrast, much of black Africa is mired in intellectual darkness and economic quagmire, for want of ideas and solutions to extricate itself. Intellectual repression prevents those with ideas from coming forward, even though Article 9 of the African Union’s Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights guarantees freedom of expression.. As we shall see below, intellectual freedom does not exist in Rwanda.  Fifth, Botswana did not ignore its indigenous roots. It built upon its native system of kgotlas, whereby chiefs and councilors meet “under a tree” to reach a consensus on important matters. In fact, cabinet ministers are required to attend weekly kgotla meetings. As Fred Dira, an African journalist, explained:
 “When they were initiated, kgotla meetings were meant to be totally apolitical.  They were to be meetings at which government ministers and members of parliament would brief local communities about official policies and programs, or about issues discussed or to be discussed in parliament. It was also part of the tradition of kgotla meetings that if they were convened by the president or any of his ministers, the respective members of parliament would not only be present, but would also be given some role to play at the meeting. This was in recognition of the fact that at such meetings, MPs shared the role of host with the chiefs.”[vi]
  Such was the case in 1991, when the government tried to explain a $25 million Okavango River irrigation project to the villagers at a kgotla in the northern town of Maun. Irate villagers let loose their opposition: “You will dry the delta! We will have no more fish to eat! No more reeds to build our houses!” a village elder screamed.”[vii] For six hours, they excoriated government officials for conceiving of such a dastardly project. Buckling under the wrath of the people, the government quietly canceled the project. Only in Botswana could this happen, giving true meaning to such terms as “participatory development," “bottom-up development approach,” "grassroots development,” and "popular participation in development.” One cannot envisage this happening in Kagame’s Rwanda. Furthermore, in Botswana, "Chiefs still exercise considerable local authority and influence which can act as a check on too precipitate action by the government and can even swing local elections” (Colclough and McCarthy, 1980; p.38). Asked why Botswana has had better leaders than the rest of Africa, Zibani Maundeni of the University of Botswana replied that indigenous Tswana culture has helped: “Before any big decision [Tswana leaders] consulted the general population. There was a strong culture of hearing the views of ordinary people.”[viii] In much of black Africa, including pre-and post-1994 genocide Rwanda, chiefs saw their powers and authority stripped: The indigenous system of participatory democracy and the tradition of reaching a consensus “under a tree” were spurned, and, in their place, African elites and intellectuals erected alien systems (one-man dictatorships and de facto apartheid regimes).
 Of course, Botswana has had its share of problems with income distribution and AIDS. But its economic success demonstrates that Africa does not have to reject its indigenous culture to advance economically. The Japanese did not. “Japan’s postwar success has demonstrated that modernization does not mean Westernization. Japan has modernized spectacularly, yet remains utterly different from the West. Economic success in Japan has nothing to do with individualism. It is the fruit of sheer discipline --the ability to work in groups and to conform.”[ix]
Africa's salvation does not lie in blindly copying foreign systems but in returning to its own roots and heritage and building upon them. As Williams (1987) advised: "When, if ever, black people actually organize as a race in their various population centers, they will find that the basic and guiding ideology they now seek and so much need is embedded in their own traditional philosophy and constitutional system, simply waiting to be extracted and set forth" (p.161). Says Robert Guest, editor of the Africa region for The Economist magazine,
 “When Japan’s rulers decided in the nineteenth-century, that they had to modernize to avoid being colonized they sent their brightest officials to Germany, Britain and America to find out how industrial societies worked. They then copied the ideas that seemed most useful, rejected the Western habits that seemed unhelpful or distasteful, and within a few decades Japan advanced enough to win a war with Russia – the first non-white nation to defeat a European power in modern times.
Japan’s example should be important for Africa, because it shows that modernization need not mean Westernization. Developing countries need to learn from developed ones, but they do not have to abandon their culture and traditions in the process. Africans face the same challenge now that Japan faced in the nineteenth century: how to harness other people’s ideas and technology to help them build the kind of society that they, the Africans, want” (Guest, 2004; p.23).
 After a long series of experiments with or blind imitation of foreign models and ideologies – such as socialism – it is beginning to dawn on Africa’s elites that they do not have to reject their traditional heritage in order for Africa to develop. The Swahili word for this concept is majimbo. It stands for the idea of local initiative and trust in traditional wisdoms. The same idea is conveyed by the mantra, African renaissance.
 In the late 1990s, stymied by the dizzying economic growth of China, economists were at a loss groping for an explanation.  It was a communist dictatorship and the standard tenets of economic development theory were of little help. It increasingly dawned on economists the critical importance of the role of institutions in providing the correct incentives for economic growth. Nobel laureate, Douglass North, noted that there are many paths to development and institutions are important but not just any institutions. According to North, “the key is creating an institutional structure from your particular cultural institutions that provide the proper incentives – not slavishly imitating Western institutions” (The Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2005; p.A14). In addition, the institutional structure must readily adapt to changing circumstances in the global economy. He noted that:
 “After a disastrous era of promoting collective organization, in which approximately 40 million people died of starvation, China gradually fumbled its way out of the economic disaster it had created by instituting the Household Responsibility System, which provided peasants with incentives to produce more. This system in turn led to the TVEs (town-village enterprises) and sequential development build on their cultural background” (The Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2005; p.A14).
 Institutions are established rules, codes and norms by which human behavior or interaction (political, economic and social) are governed, as well as the incentive structure of society. They are made up of formal rules, (constitutions, laws, and rules), informal constraints (norms, conventions and codes of conduct), and their enforcement characteristics. Together, they define the way the game is played, whether as a society or an athletic game. Take professional football. They are formal rules defining the way the game is supposed to be played; informal norms – such as not deliberately injuring the quarterback of the opposing team; and enforcement characteristics –umpires, referees – designed to see that the game is played according to the intentions underlying the rules. But enforcement is always imperfect and it frequently pays for a team to violate rules. Therefore the way a game is actually played is a function of the underlying intentions embodied in the rules, the strength of informal codes of conduct, the perception of the umpires, and the severity of punishment for violating rules.
 It is the same way with societies. Poorly performing societies have rules that do not provide the proper incentives, lack effective informal norms that would encourage productivity, and/or have poor enforcement. Underlying institutions are belief systems that provide our understanding of the world around us and, therefore, the incentives that we face. Creating institutions that will perform effectively, is thus, a difficult task” (The Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2005; p.A14).
 So the big question is why Rwanda copying a foreign economic model and not modernizing its own indigenous system, like Botswana?
 References
 Ake, Claude (1991). "How Politics Underdevelops Africa," in The Challenge of African Economic
Recovery and Development, ed. Adebayo Adedeji, Owodumi Teriba, and Patrick Bugembe. Portland, OR: Cass, 1991.
 Chu, Jeff, 2009, “‘Rwanda Rising: A New Model of Economic Development, "Fast Company,
April 1, 2009 https://www.fastcompany.com/1208900/rwanda-rising-new-model-economic-development giving me some biscuits please
 Colclough, C. and McCarthy, S., 1980. The political economy of Botswana.
                                   Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980, 298 pp.
 Guest, Robert (2004). The Shackled Continent. London: MacMillan.
 Williams, Chancellor (1987). The Destruction of Black Civilization. Chicago: Third World Press.
 [i] Morning Edition (Web http://www.npr.org/2012/09/17/161222794/rwandan-economy-makes-unlikely-climb-in-rank)
[ii] See Premiere Times, Josh – -- Nov 24, 2014.
[iii] See BBC News, Sept 18, 2002.
[iv] It did not help any. He was overthrown in a coup and chased out of the country 1979. Successive military regimes were no better, plunging the country into civil war, pitting Christians against Muslims beginning in 2012. So total has been the devastation that a country must be rebuilt from scratch, meaning 50 years of independence wasted.
[v] See The New York Times, May 16, 1990; p.A6.
[vi] See Mmegi/The Reporter, May 12-18, 1995; p.7.
[vii] See The Washington Post, Mar 21, 1991; p.A3.
[viii][viii] See The Economist, Nov 6, 2004; p.50.
[ix] See Editorial in the Bangkok Post quoted in The Washington Times, Nov 9, 1996; p.A8.
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