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lukeskywaker4ever · 4 years

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The villages given to Philippa of Lancaster by her husband after their marriage

The queens of Portugal counted, from an early age, on the income from goods acquired mostly by donation. D. Filipa de Lencastre received from D. João I the rent from the customs of Lisbon and the villages of:

Alenquer

Is a municipality in the Oeste Subregion in Portugal. Alenquer received its Foral in 1212 by the hand of Infanta (Princess) Sancha, Lady of Alenquer, daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal.

Alvaiázere

Is a municipality in the district of Leiria in Portugal. Origin of the name Alvaiázere: from the Arabic word "Al-Baiaz" (the falconer); lands of the falconer. Manuel Vieira da Silva Borges e Abreu, 1st Baron of Alvaiázere was the main physician of King John VI of Portugal.

Torres Novas

Is a municipality in the district of Santarém, in the Médio Tejo of the Centro region.

The foundation of the municipality was attributed to the foral issued on 1 October 1190, by King Sancho.The castle which had, by that time, been in ruins was reconstructed by King Fernando, to halt Castilian forces during the Iberian wars. During the Middle Ages, the territory grew demographically and economically, receiving a Carta de Feira (authorizing a fair for this market) in 1263.

The lands of Torres Novas passed into the possessions of Queen Isabel of Aragon in 1304 (who was transferred into her title by King Denis. In the following years, Torres Novas was a meeting point for sessions of the Cortes, and historical points in the kingdoms history, like the wedding between Infanta Beatriz and Infante Henrique, children of King Fernando I and King João I of Castile (in 1380); the establishment of regency of Queen Leonor of Aragon (due to the death of King Duarte I), during the reign of Afonso V (1438); and the decisions of the Cortes, which gathered intermittently in Torres Novas, to manage the Kingdom's issues (1525). Isabel of Avis was the donatário at the first half of the 15th century, receiving a new foral, during the reign of Manuel I of Portugal (1510).

In the following decade, John of Lancaster was given the title of the first Marquis of Torres Novas, along with the Duke of Aveiro (which were both extinguished in 1759, following the attempted regicide of José I, associated with José Mascarenhas da Silva e Lencastre). The monarch survived the attempted assassination.The king's daughter later conceded a license to Henrique Meuron and David Suabe to install Fábrica das Chitas (1783), which was later destroyed by General Massena, during the third French campaign along the Iberian peninsula (1810).

Torres Vedras

Is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) north of the capital Lisbon in the Oeste subregion of the Centro region.

King Afonso III conceded a foral (charter) in 1250, which was later confirmed by King Manuel I in 1510. This latter decree conferred on the town many of the municipal privileges that it held for 729 years.

While travelling through this district, King Afonso III and Queen Beatrice, ordered the construction of a municipal hall, alongside the ancient castle (which today no longer exists). For his part, King Dinis, his successor, was captivated by local Gracia Frois, fathering an illegitimate son, who would go on to be Count of Barcelos. Later, the municipality was donated to the Queens of the realm, and in particular, under the Aviz dynasty, the Infanta Leonor (daughter of King Duarte and Queen Leanor), who would later marry Frederick III of Germany, was born in Torres Vedras (18 September 1434).

Torres Vedras continued to be a place of importance: in 1413, King João I met with his council after legitimizing his expedition to Ceuta (marking the beginning of Portuguese maritime expansion); the Regent Peter, convened the Cortes in 1411, to deliberate over the wedding of his daughter Isabel with his nephew Afonso; and the place where King João II received the ambassadors of the Kingdom of Naples, and later the Republic of Venice, in 1496.

At the same time, intrigues and confrontations were fermented in Torres Vedras by local alcaides, such as in 1384 when the Master of Aviz encircled the town in order to force the Castilian alcalde Juan Duque to surrender. It was for the same reason, that King João IV was forced to take city in 1640, when the Portuguese alcaide João Soares de Alarcão, aligned himself with the Philippine monarchs.

Sintra

Is a town and municipality in the Greater Lisbon region of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera.

João I (1385–1433), first King of the second dynasty, broke the tradition of transferring Sintra to the Casa da Rainha (Queen's property). Probably around 1383, João I granted the lands of Sintra to Count Henrique Manuel de Vilhena, quickly revoking the decision after Henrique took the Infanta's side during the dynastic quarrel. Sintra, therefore, continued as a possession of the King, who expanded the local estate. Until the end of the 17th century, the royal palace constituted one of the principal residences and summer estates of the court: it was from here that John decided to conquer Ceuta (1415); King Afonso V was born and died at the palace (1433–1481); and here King João II (1481–1495) was acclaimed sovereign.

In a document issued in 1435 by King Duarte (1433–1438), the region was described as: "A land of good air and water and of the Comarcas with an abundance in the sea and land [...] our most loyal city of Lisbon being so near, and being in it sufficient diversions, and the distractions of the mountains and hunting...".

During the Portuguese Age of Discovery, several people born in Sintra were written into history. In 1443 Gonçalo de Sintra, squire in the House of the Infante Henrique, was sent by the prince as captain of a caravel to the coast of Africa. He explored the region near the Ouro River and eventually died there in 1444.

Óbidos

Is a town and a municipality in Oeste region.

Óbidos was part of the dowry of countless queens of Portugal, namely D. Urraca de Castile (wife of D. Afonso II), Queen Santa Isabel (wife of D. Dinis), D. Filipa de Lencastre (wife of D. João I), D. Leonor de Aragon (wife of D. Duarte), D. Leonor de Avis (wife of D. João II), among others.

#philippa of lancaster #reblog #villages #portugal

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historybehindassassinscreed · 6 years

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In Game:

Christoffa Corombo (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo), better known by the anglicized Christopher Columbus, was an Italian navigator, colonizer, and explorer who worked with the nation of Spain. His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean exposed the existence of the Americas to the Europeans and planted the very first seeds of the Spanish Empire, though his original intention was to find a western route to India and China.

It was in 1491 that he was first contacted by a Rodrigo Borgia, Grand Master of the Templar Order, who he knew only as "the Spaniard". The Spaniard offered a long-term business partnership with Christoffa, whereby he would sponsor his voyage. Luis, secretly an Assassin, suspected that the meeting was a trap, but the desperate Christoffa refused to heed his warnings.

Faced with little choice, Luis accompanied Christoffa to Venice, where Christoffa was to meet with his sponsor for the very first time. While Christoffa hurried to the meeting, Luis left for the local Thieves Guild to request its Assassin leader Antonio de Magianis for help in protecting his friend. Luis's intuition proved correct: the meeting was indeed a set-up, and the Assassin Ezio Auditore da Firenze assigned by Antonio to oversee the meeting arrived just in time to save Christoffa from murder; the Spaniard himself never showed.

Once his safety had been secured, Christoffa and Luis attempted to return to their lodgings, only to find that it had been raided by Borgia soldiers. Though their hostel's occupation would have been of little consequence to them, Christoffa's prized atlas was still inside. Its loss would not only jeopardize Christoffa's goal, but as it exposed the existence of the Americas, Luis feared the ramifications should it fall into the hands of the Templars. Without the means to fight the Borgia forces, they awaited Ezio at the Garden District, having asked him to meet them there should the meeting have gone askew. Ezio, unaware that Luis was an Assassin and not wishing to act as a mercenary-for-hire, was ever as reluctant when Christoffa and Luis asked Ezio to help them retrieve the atlas. Even so, he acquiesced due to the mission's possible connection with his archenemy, Rodrigo Borgia.

While the Assassin left to sneak into the hostel, Christoffa and Luis prepared for their departure at the Venetian harbor. As expected, Ezio returned with the atlas after escaping a pursuit by Borgia soldiers through the catacombs and streets of Venice. Although some parts of the atlas were indeed lost in the attack, they were able to retain the most significant maps—those drawn by the famed Turkish cartographer Piri Reis. While Christoffa momentarily left to check on the ships, Ezio advised Luis that he and Christoffa should bring their own protection the next time they come to Italy, to which Luis explained that their failure to do so owed to the Assassins of Spain being wiped out by the Spanish Inquisition, a remark that would prompt Ezio to venture to Aragon to save these Assassin on his own initiative. It was then that Christoffa returned to notify Luis that their ship was waiting on them to depart, and the two set sail back to Spain.

In Spain, Christoffa resumed his protracted negotiations with Castile in the hope that they would at some point finally concede to his requests for funds. Nevertheless, the prospect of such a sponsorship was kept perpetually on hold while Castile remained embroiled in their war against the Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish state in Iberia. With their treasury tied up in such a conflict, there was little cause for Queen Isabella to invest in a risky expedition.

Unbeknownst to Christoffa, this setback was orchestrated by the Templars themselves, who had one of their spies routinely provide false counsel to Emir Muhammad XII of Granada to dissuade him from surrender. By deliberately prolonging the war, they hoped to exhaust Castile's treasury and delay Christoffa's voyage, having failed to kill him, providing them with an opportunity to journey to the Americas and dominate the continent before its existence became common European knowledge.

Thanks to the intervention of Ezio, however, the Templar plot was ended, with the Assassin freeing Muhammad XII from Templar captivity after they took him hostage in retaliation for their spy's assassination and convincing the emir to at last abdicate the throne. Christoffa was present in Granada itself as it fell to the Spanish forces, meeting with Ezio, Luis, and their friend Raphael Sánchez just as Spanish soldiers entered the city. Despite how little time had passed since the surrender of the city, Christoffa immediately set out to urge Queen Isabella to lend him the funds for his voyage.

As soon as Luis had been informed by Queen Isabella of Christoffa's departure, he instantly deduced that the supposed offer by Louis XII was a trap and anxiously sent Ezio to save Christoffa's life yet again. To persuade him to return to him, he told Ezio to preemptively tell Christoffa that Queen Isabella had changed her mind, intending to fund half the expedition out of his pocket for his sake. Ezio intercepted Christoffa just moments before he was ambushed by a Templar guard captain, who Ezio slew after a brief fight. While Christoffa was skeptical of Ezio's claim that Louis XII had never actually offered his sponsorship, Ezio assured him that this was a moot point given that Queen Isabella was now open to his proposal. With that, Christoffa returned with Ezio to meet with Queen Isabella, just as she reached an agreement with Luis to sponsor Christoffa's voyage at last—but only because Luis promised to cover half the expenses.

That same year, the Assassin Aguilar de Nerha entrusted Christoffa with an Apple of Eden, tasking him to keep it safe after having wrestled it from Tomás de Torquemada when Grand Inquisitor sought to take it from Muhammad XII.

Christoffa kept the artifact until his death, and he was eventually buried with it at the Seville Cathedral. There, it would remain until the Templars, learning of its location from viewing the genetic memories of Aguilar through the Animus, took it from his tomb in 2016.

In Real Life:

Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, part of present-day Italy, in 1451. His parents’ names were Dominico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa. He had three brothers: Bartholomew, Giovanni, and Giacomo; and a sister named Bianchinetta. Christopher became an apprentice in his father’s wool weaving business, but he also studied mapmaking and sailing as well.

His career as a seaman began effectively in the Portuguese merchant marine. After surviving a shipwreck off Cape Saint Vincent at the southwestern point of Portugal in 1476, he based himself in Lisbon, together with his brother Bartholomew. Both were employed as chart makers, but Columbus was principally a seagoing entrepreneur. In 1477 he sailed to Iceland and Ireland with the merchant marine, and in 1478 he was buying sugar in Madeira as an agent for the Genoese firm of Centurioni.

In 1479 he met and married Felipa Perestrello e Moniz, a member of an impoverished noble Portuguese family. Their son, Diego, was born in 1480. Between 1482 and 1485 Columbus traded along the Guinea and Gold coasts of tropical West Africa and made at least one voyage to the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge da Mina (now Elmina, Ghana) there, gaining knowledge of Portuguese navigation and the Atlantic wind systems along the way. Felipa died in 1485, and Columbus took as his mistress Beatriz Enríquez de Harana of Córdoba, by whom he had his second son, Ferdinand.

In 1484 Columbus began seeking support for an Atlantic crossing from King John II of Portugal but was denied aid. (Some conspiracy theorists have alleged that Columbus made a secret pact with the monarch, but there is no evidence of this.) By 1486 Columbus was firmly in Spain, asking for patronage from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. After at least two rejections, he at last obtained royal support in January 1492. This was achieved chiefly through the interventions of the Spanish treasurer, Luis de Santángel, and of the Franciscan friars of La Rábida, near Huelva, with whom Columbus had stayed in the summer of 1491. Juan Pérez of La Rábida had been one of the queen’s confessors and perhaps procured him the crucial audience.

(Image source)

Christian missionary and anti-Islamic fervour, the power of Castile and Aragon, the fear of Portugal, the lust for gold, the desire for adventure, the hope of conquests, and Europe’s genuine need for a reliable supply of herbs and spices for cooking, preserving, and medicine all combined to produce an explosion of energy that launched the first voyage. Columbus had been present at the siege of Granada, which was the last Moorish stronghold to fall to Spain (January 2, 1492), and he was, in fact, riding back from Granada to La Rábida when he was recalled to the Spanish court and the vital royal audience. Granada’s fall had produced euphoria among Spanish Christians and encouraged designs of ultimate triumph over the Islamic world, albeit chiefly, perhaps, by the back way round the globe. A direct assault eastward could prove difficult, because the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic states in the region had been gaining strength at a pace that was threatening the Christian monarchies themselves. The Islamic powers had effectively closed the land routes to the East and made the sea route south from the Red Sea extremely hard to access.

Thus a great number of interests were involved in this adventure, which was, in essence, the attempt to find a route to the rich land of Cathay (China), to India, and to the fabled gold and spice islands of the East by sailing westward over what was presumed to be open sea. Columbus himself clearly hoped to rise from his humble beginnings in this way, to accumulate riches for his family, and to join the ranks of the nobility of Spain. In a similar manner, but at a more exalted level, the Catholic Monarchs hoped that such an enterprise would gain them greater status among the monarchies of Europe, especially against their main rival, Portugal. Then, in alliance with the papacy (in this case, with the Borgia pope Alexander VI), they might hope to take the lead in the Christian war against the infidel.

(Image source)

The ships for the first voyage—the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María—were fitted out at Palos, on the Tinto River in Spain. Consortia put together by a royal treasury official and composed mainly of Genoese and Florentine bankers in Sevilla (Seville) provided at least 1,140,000 maravedis to outfit the expedition, and Columbus supplied more than a third of the sum contributed by the king and queen. Queen Isabella did not, then, have to pawn her jewels (a myth first put about by Bartolomé de Las Casas in the 16th century).

The little fleet left on August 3rd, 1492. The admiral’s navigational genius showed itself immediately, for they sailed southward to the Canary Islands, off the northwest African mainland, rather than sailing due west to the islands of the Azores. The westerlies prevailing in the Azores had defeated previous attempts to sail to the west, but in the Canaries the three ships could pick up the northeast trade winds; supposedly, they could trust to the westerlies for their return. After nearly a month in the Canaries the ships set out from San Sebastián de la Gomera on September 6th.

Adverse winds carried the fleet to an island called Ayti (Haiti) by its Taino inhabitants; on December 6th Columbus renamed it La Isla Española, or Hispaniola. He seems to have thought that Hispaniola might be Cipango or, if not Cipango, then perhaps one of the legendarily rich isles from which King Solomon’s triennial fleet brought back gold, gems, and spices to Jerusalem (1 Kings 10:11, 22); alternatively, he reasoned that the island could be related to the biblical kingdom of Sheba (Sabaʾ). There Columbus took at least enough gold and prosperity from the natives to save him from ridicule on his return to Spain.

On January 16th, 1493, Columbus left with his remaining two ships for Spain. The journey back was a nightmare. The westerlies did indeed direct them homeward, but in mid-February, a terrible storm engulfed the fleet. The Niña was driven to seek harbor at Santa Maria in the Azores, where Columbus led a pilgrimage of thanksgiving to the shrine of the Virgin; however, hostile Portuguese authorities temporarily imprisoned the group. After securing their freedom Columbus sailed on, stormbound, and the damaged ship limped to port in Lisbon. There he was obliged to interview with King John II. These events left Columbus under the suspicion of collaborating with Spain’s enemies and cast a shadow on his return to Palos on March 15.

On this first voyage, many tensions built up that was to remain through all of Columbus’s succeeding efforts. First and perhaps most damaging of all, the admiral’s apparently high religious and even mystical aspirations were incompatible with the realities of trading, competition, and colonization. Columbus never openly acknowledged this gulf and so was quite incapable of bridging it.

The gold, parrots, spices, and human captives Columbus displayed for his sovereigns at Barcelona convinced all of the need for a rapid second voyage. Columbus was now at the height of his popularity, and he led at least 17 ships out from Cádiz on September 25th, 1493. Colonization and Christian evangelization were openly included this time in the plans, and a group of friars shipped with him. The presence of some 1,300 salaried men with perhaps 200 private investors and a small troop of cavalry are a testimony to the anticipations for the expedition.

By the time he died on May 20th, 1479, he had had a total of four voyages across the Atlantic. Columbus had reached Spain in November 1504 after his final voyage. He was not in good health. He spent much of the last of his life writing letters to obtain the percentage of wealth overdue to be paid to him, and trying to re-attain his governorship status, but was continually denied both. He died firmly believing that he had traveled to the eastern part of Asia.

Sources:

http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus

https://www.biography.com/people/christopher-columbus-9254209

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus/The-fourth-voyage-and-final-years

http://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/christopher-columbus/

#I have to say I'm not a fan of him personally #Assassin's Creed #People #Multi-Game #AC 2 #AC Movie

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bipolarch · 6 years

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Little Questions

L’anno scorso Matteo Pace ed io abbiamo riflettuto brevemente sul fenomeno dei little magazine di architettura. Questo articolo forma parte di Clip Stamp Upload, ampia e variate raccolta di contributi selezionati da Luigi Mandraccio (Burrasca) e Gianluca Porcile (ICAR 65).

El año pasado, Matteo Pace y yo hemos reflexionado sobre el tema de los little magazine de arquitectura. Este artículo está incluido en Clip Stamp Upload, amplia y variada recolección de contribuciones seleccionadas por Luigi Mandraccio (Burrasca) y Gianluca Porcile (ICAR 65).

Last year Matteo Pace and I have briefly reflected upon architecture little magazines. This article is now part of Clip Stamp Upload, a wide and varied volume edited by Luigi Mandraccio (Burrasca) e Gianluca Porcile (ICAR 65).

Qui l’introduzione:

Assistiamo ormai da un decennio alla proliferazione di riviste indipendenti (little magazine) di architettura: un rinnovato interesse e una vitalità in decisa controtendenza rispetto allo stato comatoso del settore della costruzione. Un'attitudine maggiormente speculativa e riflessiva è tratto comune alle fasi recessive, come quelle attraversate negli anni Sessanta e Settanta1. Ma questa pre-condizione, da sola, non basta a far luce sull'improvviso revival dei little magazine architettonici.

Il vigore di questa ripresa è anche legato a due importanti operazioni culturali di diversa rilevanza critica che, in modo distinto, sono riuscite a riaccendere i riflettori su fanzine e pubblicazioni radicali: Clip, Stamp, Fold: the Radical Architecture of Little Magazines 196X to 197X, promosso da Beatriz Colomina e Craig Buckley, e Archizines, ideato da Elias Redstone.

Il primo documenta e sistematizza il vasto ed eterogeneo panorama dell'editoria radicale tra gli anni Sessanta e Settanta. Evidenzia le influenze reciproche tra le diverse esperienze e propone acute chiavi interpretative di un fenomeno storico tanto eterogeneo e sfuggente. Questa ricerca, nata in ambito accademico (Princeton University), è stata ampiamente promossa a scala globale2 attraverso una serie di mostre e dibattiti (2006-2007) poi confluiti nel libro omonimo (2010)3.

Elias Redstone intercetta questo fermento e nel 2011 propone con Archizines un archivio on line dei little magazine cartacei contemporanei; offre a tutti i selezionati la “consacrazione” archivistica in presa diretta e allo stesso tempo la pagina web funge da volano alle mostre itineranti realizzate negli anni successivi4.

Ma in cosa differiscono le pubblicazioni odierne dalle precedenti esperienze? Hanno ancora la stessa rilevanza?

Qui trovate il testo completo

Aquí, podéis leer el texto completo

Here, the complete text

...

Note:

1 Una simile attitudine si riscontra anche negli anni 60 e 70. Ad esempio, Robin Middleton in Clip Stamp Fold commenta: The possibility of doing much in architecture was minimal. ... There just weren't the clients. I know there were grand houses going up in America or in France, but generally architecture was a miserable profession to be in (p. 31). E ancor più chiaramente in risposta a Daniel López Perez (DLP): One of the differences that we were encountering between Europe and the East Coast particularly in the States is that during a recession was actually when architects and magazines were being most speculative because, in fact, building industries and practices weren't taking people's time. Did you sense this difference? RM: Well obiouvsly during the period of recession you've got more time to play (p. 32).

2 Tra le sedi di mostre e dibattiti ricordiamo: Storefront Gallery, New York; Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal; Arch+ Documenta Magazines, Kassel; Architectural Association, London; Norsk Form, Oslo; Contemporary Art Gallery, Vancouver; Disseny Hub, Barcelona; Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Murcia, Murcia, Bureau Europa/NAI, Maastricht

3 A cura di Beatriz Colomina, Craig Buckley (2010), Clip, Stamp, Fold: the Radical Architecture of Little Magazines 196X to 197X, Barcelona, Actar.

4 Caroline Gaimari (2014), “Interview with Elias Redstone” in Purple Magazine, issue n. 21: ER: I originally presented the project online with the aim of curating an exhibition to make people aware of all the creativity coming out of architectural publishing today. I approached the Architecture Foundation in London and Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York… Two years in, it may be the most toured exhibition about architecture ever! in http://purple.fr/article/elias-redstone/, ultimo accesso 2 Aprile 2016.

#Little questions #enrico forestieri #matteo pace #CSU #clip stamp ulpoad #independent #editorial practice #little magaziones #fanzine #architecture

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xxxmath3deadpool-blog · 5 years

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Bibliografia do Combate

Combate --------

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Esgrima -Manual de Ensino de Esgrima -Volume 1- FLORETE (EB60-ME-25.401)-EB -Manual de Ensino de Esgrima - Volume 2 – Espada (EB60-25.502)-EB -C 20-51-Esgrima-EB

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Técnicas Militares -C 22-5 ordem unida-EB -C-21-74 Instrução Individual-Exército Brasileiro(EB) -EB70-MC-10.233 Defesa QBN-EB -EB70-CI-11.002 CÃO DE GUERRA-EB -C-6-199 Topografia-EB -C-5-40 Camuflagem-EB -Manual de Operações de Choque -The Ultimate Parkour & Freerunning Book-Jan Witfeld, Ilona E. Gerling & Alexander Pach

Apronto Operacional -EB70-CI-11.404 Caderno de Instrução de Aprestamento e Apronto Operacional-EB -Guia do Aluno Comanf-Marinha do Brasil -Orientação Cioesp - EB -Orientação Cigs - EB -Orientação Cam(Curso Avançado de Montanhismo) - EB -Orientação PQD - EB

Explosivos -C 5-37 Minas e Armadilhas-EB -FM 5-25 Explosives & Demolitions-U.S.Army -TM 31-210 Improvised Munitions Handbook-U.S.Army -TM 9-1910 Military Explosives-US Army -TM 9-1300-214 Military Explosives-US Army -The Anarchist Cookbook-William Powell -Guerilla Arsenal- David Harber -The Anarchist Arsenal-David Harber -The Advanced Anarchist Arsenal-David Harber -The Preparatory Manual of Explosives-Jared B.Ledgard -Kitchen Improvised Fertilizer Explosives-Tim Lewis -Homemade Semtex-Seymour Lecker -Science of Revolutionary Warfare-Johann Most -The Explosives Course-Abu Khabab al-Masri(Midhat Mursi) -Ragnar's Homemade Detonators-Ragnar Benson

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Paraquedismo -CADERNO DE INSTRUÇÃO DE TREINAMENTO E TÉCNICA BÁSICA DO PARAQUEDISTA MILITAR EB70-CI-11.001 -EB -MANUAL TÉCNICO DO MESTRE DE SALTO PARAQUEDISTA-EB -Manual Técnico de Salto Livre (EB60-MT-34.405)-EB -FM 3-05.211 (FM 31-19) Special Forces Military Free-Fall Operations

Equitação -Manual Técnico Equitação (EB60- MT-26.401)-EB -Manual Equitação da Federação Paulista de Hipismo

Operações -M016 Manual Tecnica Esqui-Ejército de Tierra(Espanha) -Ci9011 Assalto Aeromóvel e Infiltração aeromóvel-EB -Cold Region Operations ATTP 3-97.11/MCRP 3-35.1D (FM 31-70 and FM 31-71)-US Army -MOUNTAIN OPERATIONS FM 3-97.6 (90-6)-US Army -DESERT OPERATIONS-FM 90-3/FMFM 7-27-US Army -Jungle Operations-FM 90-5-US Army -MILITARY MOUNTAINEERING FM 3-97.61(TC 90-6-1)-US Army

Espionagem -CIA-Manual Oficial truques e espionagem-H.Keith Melton -Techiques of the professional pickpocket-Wayne B.Yeager -Curso de Introdução à Atividade de Inteligência – CIAI-CGI

Sistemas de armas

A.Aeronaves -Art of the kill-Pete Bonanni -Natops Flight Manual F16 -Natops Flight Manual F18 -Natops Flight Manual F14 -FLIGHT MANUAL EuroFighter v1 -TM 1-1520-251-10 HELICOPTER, ATTACK,AH-64D LONGBOW APACHE- DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY US

B.Submarinos -Conocimientos submarinos S-70-Armada Española

C.Barcos -Manual de Marinero y del Soldado de infantería de Marina-Armada Española -Manual de policiamento fluvial-PPMPA (Pará)

D.Cavalaria -IP 17-82 - A VIATURA BLINDADA DE COMBATE - CARRO DE COMBATE LEOPARD 1 A1-EB -Manual M113-Exército Português

E.Artilharia -SERVIÇO DA PEÇA DO OBUSEIRO 155 mm M109 A3-EB

Rocketry -Fundamentals of Guided Missiles-S. R. Mohan -AFM 52-31 Guided Missile Fundamentals-Department of the Air Force -Advances in Missile Guidance, Control, and Estimation

Gunsmithing -Gunsmithing at Home Lock Stock & Barrel- John E.Traister -Building Firearms-Harold Hoffman

Armas Nucleares -U.S. Nuclear Weapons - The Secret History Hardcover-Chuck Hansen -Swords of Armageddon - Chuck Hansen -Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb-Richard Rhodes -The Making of the Atomic Bomb-Richard Rhodes -Atomic Accidents: A History of Nuclear Meltdowns and Disasters- James Mahaffey

Engenharia Naval -SNAME Ship Design & Construction -Engineering Economics and Ship Design - Buxton

Estratégia militar -Field Manual of Military Operations (FM 3–0)-United States Army -Manual de Campanha C 124-1 - Estratégia-EB -As grandes estratégias - John Lewis Gaddis

Criminalística -Techniques of Crime Scene investigation-Barry A.J Fisher -Procedimento operacional padrão:Perícia Criminal-Ministério da Justiça BR -Manual de orientação de quesitos da perícia criminal-DPF -Introduction to Criminalistics-Barry A.J Fisher, William J.Tilstone e Catherine Woytowicz -Fundamentals of forensic science- Max M. Houck & Jay A. Siegel -Ciências Forenses-Alberi Espindula,Gustavo Caminoto Geiser e Jesus Antonio Velho

A.Localística -Practical Crime Scene Processing and Investigation

B.Balística -Hanbook of Firearms and Ballistics-Brian J.Heard

C.Hematologia Forense -Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime Scenes- Stuart H.James & William G.Eckert -Bloodstain Pattern Analysis -Tom Bevel & Ross M. Gardner

Medicina Legal -Medicina Legal-Genival Veloso -Manual técnico-operacional para os médicos-legistas do Estado de São Paulo -Manual de Medicina Legal - Delton Croce Junior -Manual de Técnicas em Necropsia médico-legal-Luiz Carlos L.Prestes Jr. & Roger Ancillotti

Psicologia Forense

A.Perfil -Serial Killer louco ou cruel-Ilana Casoy -Mentes Perigosas - O Psicopata - Ana Beatriz Barbosa Silva

B.Microexpressões -Linguagem das Emoções-Paul Ekman -O código de Ekman -A.Freitas Magalhães -Inteligência visual-Amy E.Herman

C.Persuasão -As Armas da Persuasao - Robert B. Cialdini -Manual de Persuasão do FBI - Jack Shafer -Oratória-Reinaldo Polito

D.Adestramento -Adestramento Inteligente -Como Criar o Cao Perfeito Desde - Cesar Millan

E.Motivação -Magica de Pensar Grande-David J SchwartzA

Lógica -Raciocínio Lógico Passo A Passo -Cabral,Luiz Claudio; Nunes, Mauro César

História -The illustrated guide to the world's top counter-terrorist forces-Samuel M.Katz -Bushido (o Código do Samurai)-Daidoji Yuzan -DA GUERRA-CARL VON CLAUSEWITZ -A Arte da guerra-Sun Tzu -O Livro dos Cinco Anéis-Miyamoto Musashi -Charlie Oscar Tango-Eduardo Betini e Fabiano Tomazi -Oscar Alfa-Fabiano Tomazi -Elite da tropa- André Batista, Rodrigo Pimentel e Luiz Eduardo Soares -Falcão Negro em Perigo-Mark Bowden -Não há dia fácil-Mark Owen -Seal team six -Howard E.Wasdin & Stephen Templin -Diário de um policial-Diógenes Lucca -COE Comandos e Operações Especiais-por Luis Augusto Pacheco Ambar (Autor), Guto Ambar (Fotógrafo) -Matar ou Morrer-Conte Lopes -Rota 66-Caco Barcellos -Thoughts of a Sniper-Vasily Zaitsev -O diário de Guantánamo- Mohamedou Ould Slahi

Crime Organizado -A Guerra: a ascensão do PCC e o mundo do crime no Brasil-Bruno Paes Manso e Camila Nunes Dias -Laços de Sangue. A História Secreta do PCC-Marcio Sergio Christino & Claudio Tognolli -Quatrocentos Contra um (uma Historia do Comando Vermelho)- William da Silva Lima

Ficção -Shibumi-Trevanian -Tom Clancy - A Caçada ao Outubro Vermelho -Tom Clancy - A Soma de Todos os Medos -Tom Clancy Morto ou Vivo -Scarpetta - Patricia Cornwell -Dexter - Design de um Assassino - Jeff Lindsay -Querido e Devotado Dexter - Jeff Lindsay -Duplo Dexter - Jeff Lindsay

Documentários -Guerreiro Mais Mortal -Sniper: Deadliest Missions(Sniper:Atiradores de Elite (BR)) -Generais em guerra-National Geographic -SAS Survival Secrets -Arma Humana (Human Weapon)-The History Channel -Por Dentro do Mossad-Duki Dror -Terrorismo atentados frustrados - Netflix -Medalha de honra-Netflix -The secrets of seal team six(Secretos de los SEALS VI(espanhol)) -COMBATES AÉREOS(Dogfights)-History Channel -Preparados para o fim do mundo -National Geographic -À Prova de Tudo(Man vs. Wild)-Bear Grylls -No Pior Dos Casos-Bear Grylls -A vida em um milhão de anos-NatGeo

Filmes -Falcão Negro em Perigo-Ridley Scott -Até o Limite da Honra-Ridley Scott -13 Horas: Os Soldados Secretos de Benghazi-Michael Bay -Sniper Americano- Clint Eastwood -Rede de Mentiras-Ridley Scott -Rota Comando-Elias Junior -S.W.A.T. - Comando Especial-Clark Johnson -Tropa de Elite-José Padilha -A Hora Mais Escura-Kathryn Bigelow -44 Minutos-Yves Simoneau -Beasts of No Nation-Cary Fukunaga -Ameaça Terrorista-Gregor Jordan -Círculo de Fogo (Enemy at the Gates) -Missão Impossível(Saga) -A Identidade Bourne-Doug Liman -Colombiana-Olivier Megaton

Séries -Band of Brothers-Phil Alden Robinson et al -White Collar-Jeff Eastin -Generation Kill- Iraque 40 dias de horror-Patrick Norris et al -Polícia 24h-Diego Guebel -Operação de Risco- Carla Albuquerque & Eduardo Oliveira

Games -Arma 3 -Insurgency -Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist -Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas -Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier -Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare -Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare -Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X -ACE COMBAT 7: SKIES UNKNOWN -Microsoft Flight Simulator -X-Plane 11 -Ship Simulator Extremes -UBoat -World of Warships

Sumário -AMT -Assault -Sniping -Artes Marciais -TFM & Alimentação -Esgrima -Sobrevivência -APH & Medicina -Rastreamento -Manuais -Técnicas Militares -Apronto Operacional -Explosivos -Mergulho -Paraquedismo -Equitação -Operações -Espionagem -Sistemas de armas A.Aeronaves B.Submarinos C.Barcos D.Cavalaria E.Artilharia -Rocketry -Gunsmithing -Armas Nucleares -Engenharia Naval -Estratégia militar -Criminalística A.Localística B.Balística C.Hematologia Forense -Medicina Legal -Psicologia Forense A.Perfil B.Microexpressões C.Persuasão D.Adestramento E.Motivação -Lógica -História -Crime Organizado -Ficção -Documentários -Filmes -Séries -Games ---------------------------------------------------------------- Técnicas Militares Operacional I 1-ordem unida 2-hierarquia militar 3-treinamento físico militar 4-combatives(defesa pessoal) 5-transposição de obstáculos 6-defesa qbn 7-eletrônica 8-comunicações 9-história militar 10-sistemas de armas 11-armamento,munição e tiro Sobrevivência 12-apronto operacional 13-camuflagem 14-topografia e orientação 15-meteorologia 16-marchas e estacionamentos 17-Sobrevivência na Selva 18-sobrevivencialismo 19-nós e amarrações 20-natação 21-animais selvagens 22-ofidismo 23-APH e medicina 24-rastreamento 25-resistência e fuga Operacional II 26-negociação 27-patrulha 28-Esqui 29-Montanhismo 30-rapel 31-mergulho 32-paraquedismo 33-hipismo 34-Sniping 35-close quarter battle (cqb) 36-arrombamento 37-segurança de dignatários 38-Adestramento de cães Operacional III 39-extinção de incêndio e salvamento 40-Controle de Distúrbio Civil 41-Ações Antibombas 42-explosivos 43-minas e armadilhas 44-Operações Aquáticas 45-Operações em altura 46-Operações Helitransportadas 47-Bus Assault 48-Invasão de aeronaves 49-VBSS (Vessel Boarding Search and Seizure) 50-Mecânica de Armas 51-Mecânica de viaturas 52-Ações anti-emboscadas 53-Combate em área edificada 54-Operações especiais com submarinos 55-Instrução de acuidade visual e auditiva

Técnicas Policiais 1-Algemação 2-Investigação 3-Medicina Legal 4-Criminalística 5-Direção defensiva, ofensiva e evasiva 6-Direito 7-Legislação 8-T. de interrogatório -------------------------------------------------------- Técnicas de espionagem 1-Disfarce 2-Escutas 3-Lock picking (abrir fechaduras) 4-pickpocket (bater carteiras) 5-prestidigitação 6-hipnose erickoniana 7-magica 8-engenharia 9-mentalismo 10-escapologia 11-Idiomas 12-Etiqueta 13-Turismo 14-interpretação 15-observação,memorização e descrição ---------------------------------------------------- Criminalística Ciências forenses 1.Localística 2.Papiloscopia 3.Retrato falado 4.Documentoscopia 5.Química 6.Física - Balística 7.Biologia - Entomologia - Bioquímica - Genética -Comparação biométrica 8.Paleontologia 9.Arqueologia 10.Farmacologia 11.Geologia 12.Engenharia 13.Computação 14.Fotografia 15.Desenho 16.Contabilidade -------------------------------------------------------- Medicina legal 1.Perinecroscopia 2.Antropologia 3.Asfixiologia 4.Traumatologia 5.Tanatologia 6.Toxicologia 7.Hematologia 8.Sexologia 9.Psiquiatria 10.Hipnose 11.Fonoaudiologia 12.Criminologia 13.Vitimologia 14.Infortunística

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nedsecondline · 7 years

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Tuesday Open Thread | Puerto Rico Has Been Sent Back to the 19th Century. WHERE IS THIS COUNTRY’S RESPONSE?

We have 3.5 MILLION AMERICAN CITIZENS who have been sent back into the 19th Century, because of the results of Hurricane Maria. Puerto Rico has SEVEN TIMES the population of New Orleans.. And the response from this White House has been absolutely ridiculous.

They’re going to bring up an aid bill for Puerto Rico SOMETIME IN OCTOBER?

DA PHUQ?

These citizens are going through hell NOW.

And we have the Incompetent, Unqualified Orange Individual on Twitter attacking professional athletes, but NOTHING about Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico has 7x the population of New Orleans spread out over 10x the area. This disaster is on a scale unknown in modern U.S. history.

— Eric Holthaus (@EricHolthaus) September 25, 2017

Amount FEMA has disbursed so far in PuertoRico: $2.1 million Amount EACH of Trump’s visits to Mar-a-lago costs: $3 million

When Japan was hit by terrible quake & tsunami in 2011, DoD deployed 24K personnel, 189 aircraft & 24 USN ships for HA/DR. Why less for PR?

— John Schindler (@20committee) September 25, 2017

There is no infrastructure on the island.

Battered Puerto Rico hospitals on life support after Hurricane Maria

SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO (Reuters) – Puerto Rico’s medical services are in critical condition in the wake of Hurricane Maria.

The strongest storm to hit the island in decades has left hospitals flooded, strewn with rubble and dependent on diesel generators to keep the neediest patients alive.

The precarious shape of the island’s medical facilities is adding to the misery and devastation of this U.S. territory, whose 3.4 million residents are American citizens. For some, the only option is to evacuate to the United States for treatment.

…………………. For hospitals across this region, the challenges are mounting. After the power went out, back-up generators at some hospitals failed quickly. Other hospitals are running critically low on diesel. Fuel is so precious that deliveries are made by armed guards to prevent looting, according to Dr. Ivan Gonzalez Cancel, a cardiovascular surgeon and director of the heart transplant program at Centro Cardiovascular.

“Another hospital wants to transfer two critical patients here because they don’t have electricity,” Gonzalez Cancel said. “We can’t take them. We have the same problem.”

Medical staffers are also running low on gasoline for their daily commutes to work. Puerto Ricans are queuing as long as seven hours at the island’s few functioning filling stations. Marilyn Rivera Morales, a nurse at the center, said she had enough petrol to drive to the hospital for two more days.

“How will they keep coming here if they don’t have gas?” Gonzalez Cancel wondered.

RETWEET to remind @realdonaldtrump that he has the USNS COMFORT at his disposal & Puerto Rico is part of the United States

Time to send it http://pic.twitter.com/4HkEbqDYPs

— Red T Raccoon (@RedTRaccoon) September 24, 2017

President Trump, Sec. Mattis, and DOD should send the Navy, including the USNS Comfort, to Puerto Rico now. These are American citizens. https://t.co/J2FVg4II0n

— Hillary Clinton (@HillaryClinton) September 24, 2017

Puerto Rico officials describe “apocalyptic" conditions after hurricane. No power; no phones; vast destruction. https://t.co/OFt3y9hO7A

— Jim Roberts (@nycjim) September 24, 2017

They are playing with lives. Someone in the Department of Defense gave bullshyt reasons why COMFORT couldn’t go to Puerto Rico.

Someone refutes the government’s reasons why COMFORT can’t go.

I spent 6 months on that ship, went to 14 countries and not once did "we can't fit" stop us from getting the job done. http://pic.twitter.com/MGLoCZN7Rm

— Charlotte's Weave (@CharlottesWeave) September 25, 2017

Ponce designed as port of the Americas handles the largest ships that pass through Panama Canal. Mayaguez handles massive cargo. END/

— Steve Kistulentz (@kistulentz) September 25, 2017

WHY is COMFORT important?

An answer from the foreign policy writer at BJ:

Adam L Silverman says: September 25, 2017 at 10:14 pm

@Baud: This is one of two hospital, humanitarian response, disaster management, and/or emergency response ships in the fleet. The other is the USNS Mercy. They are designed for this type of thing. Also, in comparison, when the earthquake and tsunami hit Japan we sent over 120 ships as soon as we could put them afloat. Plus significant ground, amphibious, and air assets. Right now we’ve got a US Navy float of four amphibious ships with their Marine Expeditionary Unit, an Army medical company, an Army civil information support unit, some Coast Guard assets, some FEMA assets, etc. Over 3 million Americans are at risk and we’ve sent less than 10% of what we sent to aid Japan.

Ways to donate:

The Hispanic Federation’s “Unidos”: A Hurricane Relief Fund for Hurricane Maria Victims in Puerto Rico

First Lady of Puerto Rico Beatriz Rosselló’s United for Puerto Rico

And GoFundMe’s Hurricane Maria Relief Page, which includes fund drives dedicated to Dominica as well.

‘If anyone can hear us … help.’ Puerto Rico’s mayors describe widespread devastation from Hurricane Maria https://t.co/w2QkdPOS9e

— MaryAnneMohanraj (@mamohanraj) September 26, 2017

Here’s How You Can Help People In Puerto Rico 3.5 million Americans are enduring “apocalyptic” conditions right now because of Hurricane Maria. By Jennifer Bendery

WASHINGTON ― At least 13 people are dead. Most people don’t have water or power. There’s no cell service. Roads have been totally washed away or blocked by debris. This is life right now in Puerto Rico, where 3.5 million Americans are struggling to recover from the devastation of last week’s Hurricane Maria.

Local officials described the scene as “apocalyptic” on Sunday. And just two weeks earlier, Hurricane Irma blew through and caused as much as $1 billion in damages to the island.

A lot of mainland Americans don’t realize that Puerto Ricans are Americans. FEMA has been providing lifesaving resources to the island, but people there could use any help they can get to try to rebuild their destroyed lives. While President Donald Trump may be spending his weekend trashing football players on Twitter, if you want to lend a hand to a fellow American in need, there are easy ways to kick in a few bucks.

More about the situation in Puerto Rico:

Puerto Rico’s Agriculture and Farmers Decimated by Maria

By FRANCES ROBLES and LUIS FERRÉ-SADURNÍ SEPT. 24, 2017

YABUCOA, P.R. — José A. Rivera, a farmer on the southeast coast of Puerto Rico, stood in the middle of his flattened plantain farm on Sunday and tried to tally how much Hurricane Maria had cost him.

“How do you calculate everything?” Mr. Rivera said.

For as far as he could see, every one of his 14,000 trees was down. Same for the yam and sweet pepper crops. His neighbor, Luis A. Pinto Cruz, known to everyone here as “Piña,” figures he is out about $300,000 worth of crops. The foreman down the street, Félix Ortiz Delgado, spent the afternoon scrounging up the scraps that were left of the farm he manages. He found about a dozen dried ears of corn that he could feed the chickens. The wind had claimed the rest.

“There will be no food in Puerto Rico,” Mr. Rivera predicted. “There is no more agriculture in Puerto Rico. And there won’t be any for a year or longer.”

…………………

Hurricane Maria made landfall here Wednesday as a Category 4 storm. Its force and fury stripped every tree of not just the leaves, but also the bark, leaving a rich agricultural region looking like the result of a postapocalyptic drought. Rows and rows of fields were denuded. Plants simply blew away.

In a matter of hours, Hurricane Maria wiped out about 80 percent of the crop value in Puerto Rico — making it one of the costliest storms to hit the island’s agriculture industry, said Carlos Flores Ortega, Puerto Rico’s secretary of the Department of Agriculture.

"It's inhumane" what's happening at the airport in San Juan, a nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas told me – they need food, water and fans. http://pic.twitter.com/Fcm3QBiMVB

— David Begnaud (@DavidBegnaud) September 25, 2017

We stand with our fellow citizens in #PuertoRico – Congress should send aid today. Please share contact info below. http://pic.twitter.com/EtDuX7WkAL

— Rep. Joe Kennedy III (@RepJoeKennedy) September 25, 2017

Satellite images taken at night show Puerto Rico in July vs. yesterday; Hurricane #Maria knocked out much of the power and it remains down. http://pic.twitter.com/9PDBYMdvdY

— ABC News (@ABC) September 25, 2017

Please call your Congressman and Senators and ask them why there’s no bill for Puerto Rico NOW!!!

Here is Dolt45’s tweets about Puerto Rico.

Look at this foolishness!!

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/912478274508423168

…It's old electrical grid, which was in terrible shape, was devastated. Much of the Island was destroyed, with billions of dollars….

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) September 26, 2017

https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/912481556127780865

If you have any organization that you know is doing good work in Puerto Rico, please leave it in the replies. Our fellow citizens need all the help they can get.

#Women

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