Queen Elizabeth II with Princess Anne, Peter and Zara

who: british line of succession

Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender, legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the crown is inherited by an individual's children and by a childless individual's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, both of them as amended in March 2015, restrict the succession to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in "communion with the Church of England” (while marrying to Roman Catholics no longer disqualifies). Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Catholics are eligible to succeed.

The United Kingdom is one of the 16 Commonwealth realms. Each of those countries has the same person as monarch and the same order of succession. In 2011, the prime ministers of the realms agreed unanimously to adopt a common approach to amending the rules on the succession to their respective Crowns so that absolute primogeniture would apply for persons born after the date of the agreement, instead of male-preference primogeniture, and the ban on marriages to Roman Catholics would be lifted. The ban on Catholics themselves was retained to ensure that the monarch would be in communion with the Church of England. After the necessary legislation had been enacted in accordance with each realm's constitution, the changes took effect on 26 March 2015.

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Current line of succession (as at 2015 and limited to the descendants of Elizabeth II)

HM Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926) …..(1) HRH Charles, Prince of Wales (b. 1948) ……….(2) HRH Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (b. 1982) ……………(3) HRH Prince George of Cambridge (b. 2013) ……………(4) HRH Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (b. 2015) ……….(5) HRH Prince Henry of Wales (b. 1984) …..(6) HRH Prince Andrew, Duke of York  (b. 1960) ……….(7) HRH Princess Beatrice of York (b. 1988) ……….(8) HRH Princess Eugenie of York (b. 1990) …..(9) HRH Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex (b. 1964) ……….(10) James, Viscount Severn (b. 2007) ……….(11) Lady Louise Windsor (b. 2003) …..(12) HRH Anne, Princess Royal (b. 1950) ……….(13) Peter Phillips (b. 1977) ……………(14) Savannah Phillips (b. 2010) ……………(15) Isla Phillips (b. 2012) ……….(16) Zara Tindall (b. 1981) ……………(17) Mia Tindall (b. 2014)

Note on members of the Royal House and Family of Mecklenburg:

The first King, Heinrich Ludwig I was a descendant of George II through his mother, and of George I through his father, with his mother having the superior claim. Heinrich Ludwig’s wife was also a descendant of George I but as a Roman Catholic, Karola was excluded from succession. Heinrich Ludwig lost his place in the line of succession following his marriage to a Roman Catholic. Heinrich Ludwig and Karola’s children were placed in the line of succession after their father as he had the superior claim.

The second King, Paul Friedrich II, married Duchess Thyra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a descendant of George III, with a more senior claim, therefore the children of Paul Friedrich and Thyra were placed in the line of succession after their mother.

The third King, Wilhelm Franz I, married Princess Eleonora of Leiningen, a descendant of Queen Victoria but as that descent is through the unapproved marriage of Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia, Eleonora cannot claim her place in the line of succession through that marriage. Instead, Eleonora is in the line of succession to the British throne as a descendant of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Wilhelm Franz has the more senior claim as descendant of George III and thus his children follow him in the line of succession.

The second son of Paul Friedrich II, Prince Albrecht Gustav, married Veronica Doncaster, who has no claim to the British throne and thus their children follow their father.

The eldest daughter of Paul Friedrich II, Princess Heinrike Franziska is unmarried and without issue.

The second daughter of Paul Friedrich II, Princess Elisabeth Mathilde, married Prince Rupprecht of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, a descendant of Queen Victoria and thus their children follow their father in the line of succession to the British throne. Princess Elisabeth Mathilde’s descendants have the most senior position of the Mecklenburgers in the British line of succession as they are descended from Queen Victoria’s second son, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

The third daughter of Paul Friedrich II, Princess Marie Anastasia, married Prince Heinrich of Hesse-Kassel, who had a more senior claim as a descendant of Queen Victoria through her eldest daughter, thereby the children of Marie Anastasia and Heinrich follow their father in the line of succession.

The fourth daughter of Paul Friedrich II, Princess Cecilie Auguste, married Hereditary Prince Michael of Schwarzburg, a descendant of George I of the United Kingdom. As Cecilie Auguste has a more senior claim as a descendant of George III, their children follow their mother in the line of succession.

Princess Marie Elisabeth, daughter of Heinrich Ludwig I, married Prince Gorm of Denmark, who also descended from George II but as Marie Elisabeth had the more senior claim, their children followed after her instead of him. Their grandchildren by their daughter, Feodora, are excluded from the British line of succession as they are Roman Catholic.

Royal GRANDCHILDREN: The Queen's grand and great-grandchildren from OLDEST to YOUNGEST

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Royal GRANDCHILDREN: The Queen's grand and great-grandchildren from OLDEST to YOUNGEST

Queen Elizabeth II (92) has eight grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren – with another one on the way as Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s baby is due next spring. To the public she is known as the Queen of England, but to the royal youngsters she is simply “Granny” or “Gan-Gan”. Below are Queen Elizabeth’s grand and great-grandchildren from oldest to youngest.

The Queen’s grand and great-grandchildren from oldest to youngest

Grandchildren

Peter Phillips – age 41

Peter is the son of the Queen’s daughter Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips.

Zara Tindall – age 37

Zara is the only daughter of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips.

Lady Louise Windsor – age 15

Lady Louise Windsor is the youngest granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth and is the daughter of Prince Edward and Sophie, the Countess of Wessex.

James, Viscount Severn – age 10

James, Viscount Severn is the youngest grandchild of the Queen and son of Prince Edward and Sophie, the Countess of Wessex.

Great grandchildren

Savannah Phillips – age 7

Savannah Phillips is the eldest great-grandchild of Queen Elizabeth and the daughter of Peter Phillips and Autumn Kelly.

Isla Phillips – age 6

Isla Phillips is the youngest child of Peter Phillips and Autumn Kelly.

Prince George – age 5

Prince George is third in line of succession to the British throne behind his grandfather Prince Charles and his father Prince William. He is also the son of Kate, the Duchess of Cambridge.

Mia Tindall – age 4

Mia Tindall is the eldest daughter of Zara Phillips and Mike Tindall.

Princess Charlotte – age 3

Princess Charlotte is the only daughter of Prince William and Kate.

Prince Louis – six months

Little Prince Louis is the son of Prince William and Kate. He was born on Aril 23, 2018.

Lena Elizabeth Tindall – five months

Lena Elizabeth Tindall is the latest edition to the British royal family and the daughter of Zara Phillips and Mike Tindall.

The Duke and Duchess of Sussex will welcome their first child in spring 2019, Kensington Palace has announced. Harry and Meghan informed members of the Royal family on Friday at the wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank at Windsor Castle, where the duke and duchess were also married earlier in the year. Prince Harry was once third in line to the throne but has since moved down - and where will his first child fit into the succession? Most family members moved down a place in April following the birth of Prince Louis, whose arrival made history when he slotted in as fifth in line to the throne. The birth of Prince William and his wife Kate's third child meant the line of succession now sees the new Prince of Cambridge follow the Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge, Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Historically, Princess Charlotte would have lost her spot to her younger brother, but new legislation introduced in 2013 overhauled the order of succession.  Prince Harry now sits in sixth place, and his child will become seventh. The Royal Family Tree (fix) Prince Andrew will be pushed down to eighth in line once Meghan and Harry's baby is born. When Prince Louis was born it meant he did not have to ask his mother's permission if he wanted to re-marry. According to the new legislation, the first six people in the line of succession must obtain the Queen's permission to marry. Previously, under a law dating back to 1772, all descendants of George II had to seek the monarch's permission. As the line changes with birth, it also changes with death. Should any senior royal in line to the throne lose their life, those beneath them move up. The line of succession Line of succession to the British throne The Queen, who is 92 years old, is Britain's longest reigning monarch and has ruled over us for 65 years.  As the child of a royal "spare," the Queen, was thought unlikely to reign until her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated in favour of her father in 1936, whereupon he became King George VI and she the heir to the throne. Elizabeth became Queen upon his death on February 6 1952. But what happens when she dies and who will replace her? Here's the line of succession as it stands today. 1. The Prince of Wales Heir to the throne and the next king of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth Realms. The Prince of Wales, who turns 70 in November, already holds the record for the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, having been in the position since 1952. He will also be the oldest person to be crowned in British history when he eventually succeeds the Queen. 2. The Duke of Cambridge As the eldest son of the heir, the Duke of Cambridge will one day succeed his father the Prince of Wales. At the age of 36, he may have 30 or so years to wait, if his father enjoys the longevity of other members of the Royal family. 3. Prince George The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's first-born son, five, will one day be King George VII, meaning that anyone alive today is unlikely to see another Queen on the throne in their lifetime once Elizabeth II's reign is over. 4. Princess Charlotte Prince George's three year-old sister is the "spare to the heir", and will face the same problems as Prince Harry and the Duke of York in trying to find the right role for themselves during a lifetime constrained by their royal title. She would only become queen if Prince George predeceased her without having any living children. Changes in the laws of succession in 2013 mean the sex of the baby will be irrelevant to his or her place in the succession. Princess Charlotte is the first royal princess to be born within the direct line of succession since the Princess Royal in 1950, and is likely to one day inherit the title, which is traditionally given to the oldest daughter of the monarch. 5. Prince Louis The birth of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge's third child changes the line of succession again: Prince George and Princess Charlotte's new baby brother is now fifth in line to the throne, bumping uncle Harry out of the top five and into sixth place. 6. The Duke of Sussex The all-action Prince Harry, 34, has spent most of his life being the third in line to the throne, behind his brother Prince William, but has now found himself being bumped down a place to sixth. His first-born child would become seventh in line to the throne, behind their father – but only if the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have no more children. Meghan and Harry's child, whether a boy or girl, will become seventh in line to the throne upon birth, and push all subsequent royals one position lower in the succession. 7. The Duke of York Once second in line to the throne, Prince Andrew, 58, is now so far down the list that he is no longer part of the "core" Royal family that will share the burden of official engagements in the future. His daughters, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie, are no longer entitled to police bodyguards, which now have to be funded by Prince Andrew. 8. Princess Beatrice Princess Beatrice has struggled with the problem of how to combine a royal title with a need to find work. After quitting her £20,000-a-year job with Sony Entertainment Pictures in 2014, she treated herself to four holidays in the space of a little over a month. The 30 year-old, who was the first member of the Royal Family to run a marathon in 2010, is now pursuing a business career five years after graduating in history and the history of ideas at Goldsmiths College, London, as well as continuing with charity work. She and her long-term former boyfriend Dave Clark called time on their 10 year relationship in summer 2016. 9. Princess Eugenie On October 12 the Duke of York's younger daughter, who is 28, married drinks executive Jack Brooksbank at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. The second royal wedding of the year featured figures from high society and the worlds of fashion and art. Read more about it here. Princess Eugenie's royal wedding | Read more 10. The Earl of Wessex Having failed to complete his Royal Marines commando training, the Earl, 54, became a case study in the pitfalls of trying to earn a living when your mother is the Queen. He organised the cringe-making Grand Knockout Tournament (better known as It's a Royal Knockout) in 1987, then carried on with his TV production career, but incurred the fury of his brother the Prince of Wales when a camera crew employed by him unwittingly broke the terms of an agreement to leave Prince William alone during his time at university. He is now a full-time working royal. His 10 year-old son Viscount Severn is currently 11th in line to the throne, with 14 year-old daughter Lady Louise Windsor 12th. 13. The Princess Royal Because the 2011 law change on the succession did not apply retrospectively, the Princess Royal, 68, remains behind her three brothers in the line of succession despite being the Queen's second-born child. Often described as the hardest-working member of the Royal family, she carries out hundreds of official engagements each year without receiving much coverage in the national media. Her son Peter Phillips, 40, is 13th in line, with his children Savannah and Isla 14th and 15th. The princess's daughter Zara Tindall, 37, is 16th in line; her four year-old daughter Mia is 17th and her second daughter Lena - who was born in June this year - is 18th. Sign up for Your Royal Appointment – for everything you need to know about the Royal Family, direct to your inbox each week.

Events 7.30

762 – Baghdad is founded. 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council. 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage. 1609 – Beaver Wars: At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs on behalf of his native allies. 1619 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative assembly in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, convenes for the first time. 1626 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills about 10,000 people. 1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army. 1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw. 1676 – Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. 1729 – Founding of Baltimore, Maryland. 1733 – The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts. 1756 – In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers. 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua City, Mexico. 1825 – Malden Island is discovered by captain George Byron, 7th Baron Byron. 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps. 1863 – American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder. 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater: Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches. 1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time. 1866 – Armed Confederate veterans in New Orleans riot against a meeting of Radical Republicans, killing 48 people and injuring another 100. 1871 – The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people. 1912 – Japan's Emperor Meiji dies and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is now known as the Emperor Taishō. 1930 – In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup. 1932 – Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short. 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen. Most die during the following four days, until an aircraft notices the survivors. 1956 – A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God We Trust as the U.S. national motto. 1962 – The Trans-Canada Highway, the longest national highway in the world, is officially opened. 1965 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid. 1966 – England defeats West Germany to win the 1966 FIFA World Cup at Wembley Stadium after extra time. 1969 – Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and U.S. military commanders. 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission: David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover. 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Iwate, Japan killing 162. 1974 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the Supreme Court of the United States. 1975 – Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again. 1978 – The 730 (transport), Okinawa Prefecture changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side. 1980 – Vanuatu gains independence. 1980 – Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law. 1981 – As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, took to the streets in Łódź to protest food ration shortages in Communist Poland. 2003 – In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line. 2006 – The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years. 2011 – Marriage of Queen Elizabeth II’s eldest grand-daughter Zara Phillips to former rugby player Mike Tindall. 2012 – A train fire kills 32 passengers and injures 27 on the Tamil Nadu Express in Andhra Pradesh, India. 2012 – A power grid failure in Delhi leaves more than 300 million people without power in northern India. 2014 – One hundred and fifty people are trapped after a landslide in Maharashtra, India; 20 are killed.

Princess Anne and Zara Tindall in 2019

Zara and Mike Tindall - Cheltenham day 4

Zara Tindall today at the Burnham Market International Horse Trials - 12th of April 204

Queen Mother with Princess Anne and Prince Phillip

Beautiful Princess Royal ❤️

A young Princess Anne👗😍

Source: Credit to the owner

Let's hear it for Princess Anne, the brave, plain-talking workaholic who holds the Monarchy together. (But DO remember that 'Ma'am' rhymes with 'jam' and DON'T get too familiar...)

Princess Anne and then husband Mark Phillips in 1981.