By Dina Fine Maron

January 24, 2024

Scientists have cleared a significant hurdle in the years-long effort to save Africa’s northern white rhinoceros from extinction with the first-ever rhino pregnancy using in vitro fertilization.

The lab-assisted pregnancy, which researchers will announce today, involved implanting a southern white rhino embryo in a surrogate mother named Curra.

The advance provides the essential “proof of concept” that this strategy could help other rhinos, says Jan Stejskal of the BioRescue project, the international group of scientists leading this research.

Curra died just a couple months into her 16-month pregnancy from an unrelated bacterial infection, Stejskal says.

However, the successful embryo transfer and early stages of pregnancy pave the way for next applying the technique to the critically endangered northern white rhino.

The process was documented exclusively by National Geographic for an upcoming Explorer special currently slated to air in 2025 on Nat Geo and Disney+.

BioRescue expects to soon implant a northern white rhino embryo into a southern white rhino surrogate mother.

The two subspecies are similar enough, according to the researchers, that the embryo will be likely to develop.

Eventually, this approach may also help other critically endangered rhinos, including the Asian Javan rhinoceros and the Sumatran rhinoceros, which each now number under 100 individuals, Stejskal says.

But the northern white rhino’s current situation is the most pressing by far.

There are no males left, and the only two remaining animals are both elderly females that live under armed guard on a reserve in a 700-acre enclosure in Kenya called Ol Pejeta Conservancy.

The boxy-jawed animals once roamed across central Africa, but in recent decades, their numbers have plummeted due to the overwhelming international demand for their horn, a substance used for unproved medicinal applications and carvings.

Made from the same substance as fingernails, rhino horn is in demand from all species, yet the northern white rhino has been particularly hard-hit.

"These rhinos look prehistoric, and they had survived for millions of years, but they couldn’t survive us,” says Ami Vitale, a National Geographic Explorer and photographer who has been documenting scientists’ efforts to help the animals since 2009.

“If there is some hope of recovery within the northern white rhino gene pool — even though it’s a substantially smaller sample of what there was — we haven’t lost them,” says conservation ecologist David Balfour, who chairs the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s African rhino specialist group.

Blueprints for rhino babies

To stave off the animal’s disappearance, BioRescue has used preserved sperm from northern white rhinos and eggs removed from the younger of the two remaining females.

So far, they’ve created about 30 preserved embryos, says Thomas Hildebrandt, the head scientist of BioRescue and an expert in wildlife reproduction based at the Leibniz-Institute of Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin.

Eventually, the team plans to reintroduce northern white rhinos into the wild within their range countries.

“That’d be fantastic, but really, really far from now—decades from now,” says Stejskal.

Worldwide, there are five species of rhinoceros, and many are in trouble.

Across all of Africa, there are now only about 23,000 of the animals, and almost 17,000 of them are southern whites.

Then there are more than 6,000 black rhinos, which are slightly smaller animals whose three subspecies are critically endangered.

In Asia, beyond the critically endangered Javan and Sumatran rhinos, there’s also the greater one-horned rhino, whose numbers are increasing and currently are estimated to be around 2,000.

The BioRescue effort has experienced many setbacks, and even though the team now has frozen embryos, the clock is ticking.

The researchers intend to use southern white rhinos as surrogate moms for the northern white rhino embryos.

However, scientists want any northern white rhino calves to meet and learn from others of their kind, which means they need to be born before the two remaining females die.

“These animals learn behaviors — they don’t have them genetically hard-wired,” says Balfour, who’s not involved with the BioRescue work.

But birthing new animals in time will be a challenge.

“We’re really skating on the edge of what’s possible,” he says, “but it’s worth trying.”

Najin, the older female, will be 35 this year, and Fatu will be 24.

The animals, which were born in a zoo in the Czech Republic, are expected to live to about 40, says Stejskal, who also serves as director of international projects at the Safari Park Dvůr Králové, the zoo where the animals lived until they were brought to Kenya in 2009.

Impregnating a rhino

The next phase of BioRescue’s plan involves implanting one of their limited number of northern white rhino embryos into a southern white rhino surrogate mother — which the group plans to do within the next six months, Stejskal says.

They’ve identified the next surrogate mother and set up precautions to protect her from bacterial infections, including a new enclosure and protocols about disinfecting workers’ boots.

But now, they must wait until the female rhino is in estrus — the period when the animal is ready to mate — to implant the egg.

To identify that prime fertile time, they can’t readily perform regular ultrasounds at the conservancy as they might do in a zoo.

Instead, they have enlisted a rhino bull that has been sterilized to act as a “teaser” for the female, Hildebrandt says, adding that they must wait a few months to make sure that their recently sterilized male is truly free of residual sperm.

Once the animals are brought together, their couplings will alert conservancy staff that the timing is right for reproductive success.

The sex act is also important because it sets off an essential chain of events in the female’s body that boosts the chances of success when they surgically implant the embryo about a week later.

"There’s little chance the conservancy staff will miss the act. White rhinos typically mate for 90 minutes," Hildebrandt says.

What’s more, while mounted on the females, the males often use their temporary height to reach tasty plant snacks that are generally out of reach.

Boosting genetic diversity

With so few northern white rhinos left, their genetic viability may seem uncertain.

But the BioRescue team points to southern white rhinos, whose numbers likely dropped to less than 100, and perhaps even as few as 20, due to hunting in the late 1800s.

Government protections and intense conservation strategies allowed them to bounce back, and now there are almost 17,000.

“They have sufficient diversity to cope with a wide range of conditions,” says Balfour.

Researchers don’t know exactly how many southern white rhinos existed a century ago, he says, but it’s clear that the animals came back from an incredibly low population count and that they now appear healthy.

Beyond their small collection of embryos, the BioRescue team hopes to expand the northern white rhino’s gene pool by drawing from an unconventional source — skin cells extracted from preserved tissue samples that are currently stored at zoos.

They aim to use stem cell techniques to reengineer those cells and develop them into sex cells, building off similar work in lab mice.

According to their plan, those lab-engineered sex cells would then be combined with natural sperm and eggs to make embryos, and from there, the embryos would be implanted into southern white rhino surrogate mothers.

Such stem cell reprogramming work has previously led to healthy offspring in lab mice, Hildebrandt says, but rhinos aren’t as well-studied and understood as mice, making this work significantly challenging.

A global effort

The northern white rhino revitalization venture has cost millions of dollars, supported by a range of public and private donors, including the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Other partners on the effort include the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, the Czech Republic’s Safari Park, Kenya Wildlife Service, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, and also Katsuhiko Hayashi, a professor of genome biology at Osaka University in Japan who conducted the mouse stem cell research.

Building upon Hayashi’s stem cell techniques could ultimately bring the northern white rhino gene pool up to 12 animals — including eggs from eight females and the semen of four bulls, according to Stejskal.

An alternative approach to making more babies, like crossbreeding northern and southern white rhinos, would mean the resulting calves wouldn’t be genetically pure northern white rhinos, Hildebrandt notes.

The two subspecies look quite similar, but the northern version has subtle physical differences, including hairier ears and feet that are better suited to its swampy habitat.

The two animals also have different genes that may provide disease resiliency or other benefits, Hildebrandt says.

There are unknown potential differences in behavior and ecological impact when populating the area with southern white rhinos or cross-bred animals.

"The northern white rhino is on the brink of extinction really only due to human greed,” Stejskal says.

“We are in a situation where saving them is at our fingertips, so I think we have a responsibility to try.”

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Global rhinoceros numbers have increased to 27,000 despite populations being ravaged by poaching and habitat loss, new figures show, with some species rebounding for the first time in a decade. Rhinos numbered about 500,000 across Africa and Asia in the 20th century but their populations have been devastated. Last year, they began showing signs of recovery in some areas, although two species – the Javan and Sumatran – remain close to disappearing. Figures released by the IUCN African Rhino Specialist Group, the conservation body, indicate that the global rhino population increased to about 27,000 at the end of last year, with southern white rhino numbers increasing for the first time since 2012, from 15,942 at the end of 2021 to 16,803. In 2021, the world’s rhino population was estimated to be 26,272. Black rhinos, native to east and southern Africa, have been heavily depleted by poaching for their horns but last year increased by nearly 5%, rising from 6,195 at the end of 2021 to 6,487 at the end of 2022. This increase has happened despite a rise in black rhinos killed by poachers, and has been aided by conservationists establishing new populations that have grown in size.

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Happy #WorldRhinoDay #SaveTheRhinos Rhino conservation groups call for cross-border enforcement as poaching numbers rise after Covid-19. Disrupting international organized crime groups is essential to stop rhino poaching at South African reserves, but it will require a collaborative approach between international law enforcement agencies and governments. The threat to African rhinos from transnational crime networks remains high, despite a reported pause during Covid-19 lockdown periods, the WWF South Africa said. This is based on recent information that describes the global status of rhinos, which the IUCN African Rhino Specialist Group released. African countries recorded 2 707 illegal killings of rhinos between 2018 to 2021, and South Africa continues to face the greatest threat, reporting 90% of these losses. These countries also reported 1 588 rhino-related arrests from 2018 to 2021, together with 751 prosecutions and 300 convictions. * Support any rhino conservation body working hard to protect & save the species. Over here we back @savingthesurvivorsand partners. Photo credit @rhoveafrica . . #Wildography #rhinoconservation #extinction #wildlife #rhino #rhinoceros #SaveTheRhino #Africa #WildLife #asia #Mammals #Nature #greateronehornedrhino #Rescue #babyrhino #wildlifeofinstagram #wildlifephotography #Horn #RhoveAfrica https://www.instagram.com/p/CizGmZFMW2U/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

Experience the Pinnacle of Luxury with Sita Tours: South Africa Luxury Tours From USA

Embark on an unforgettable journey to the breathtaking landscapes, vibrant cultures, and diverse wildlife of South Africa with Sita Tours' South Africa Luxury Tours from the USA. Renowned for its awe-inspiring natural beauty, rich history, and world-class hospitality, South Africa offers travelers the opportunity to indulge in unparalleled luxury while immersing themselves in the wonders of this captivating destination.

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No visit to South Africa is complete without embarking on an unforgettable safari adventure. With Sita Tours' South Africa Luxury Tours, travelers have the opportunity to explore some of the continent's most iconic wildlife reserves, including the renowned Kruger National Park. Accompanied by expert guides and staying in luxurious safari lodges, guests can embark on game drives in search of the "Big Five" – lions, elephants, buffalos, leopards, and rhinos – while soaking in the breathtaking landscapes and witnessing the wonders of the African wilderness up close.

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Throughout their journey, guests on Sita Tours' South Africa Luxury Tours are treated to the finest accommodations that South Africa has to offer. From elegant boutique hotels nestled in the heart of cosmopolitan cities to luxurious lodges set against the backdrop of rugged landscapes, every property has been carefully selected to provide guests with the ultimate in comfort, sophistication, and personalized service. Whether relaxing in sumptuously appointed suites, indulging in gourmet cuisine prepared by top chefs, or enjoying bespoke spa treatments, guests can expect nothing less than the height of luxury at every turn.

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Africa’s White Rhino Population Rebounds

In a exciting turn of events, Africa’s white rhino population has experienced a resurgence for the first time in a decade. At the close of 2022, there were 23,290 rhinos in total, marking a significant 5.2% increase from the previous year. Rhinos are among the planet’s most iconic and endangered creatures. These massive herbivores are known for their distinctive horns, which have unfortunately made them prime targets for poachers seeking to profit from the illegal wildlife trade. There are two main species of African rhinos: the white rhino and the black rhino. Both face grave threats to their survival. The primary reason behind the perilous decline of rhino populations is poaching. Rhino horn, made of keratin (the same substance as human hair and nails), is mistakenly believed by some to have medicinal properties, and it is also highly sought after for its use in ornamental carvings. This misguided demand has led to a tragic increase in poaching activities, with rhinos being killed for their horns at an alarming rate. Habitat loss is another significant threat to rhino populations. As human populations grow and expand, rhino habitats are encroached upon, leaving these animals with less space to roam and find food. Despite these challenges, the recent increase in rhino populations is cause for celebration and renewed hope. The protection and biological management initiatives implemented by conservation organizations have played a pivotal role in this positive trend. Both black and white rhino populations have shown promising signs of recovery, with black rhinos increasing by 4.2% and white rhinos by 5.6%. Dr. Michael Knight, chair of the IUCN’s Rhino Specialist Group (AfRSG), expressed his relief, saying, “With this good news, we can take a sigh of relief for the first time in a decade. However, it is imperative to further consolidate and build upon this positive development and not drop our guard.” Nina Fascione, Executive Director at the International Rhino Foundation, emphasized that this rebound in rhino populations is not only a triumph for the rhinos themselves but also for the countless other species that share their ecosystems and the dedicated people who protect these lands. The resurgence of rhino populations underscores the effectiveness of collaborative conservation efforts across Africa. Protected areas like Kruger National Park in South Africa have significantly boosted security measures to deter poachers, resulting in a decline in poaching incidents on their land. However, poachers have shifted their focus to smaller areas, such as the province-run Hluhluwe Imfolozi Game Reserve, which has borne the brunt of South Africa’s rhino poaching in recent years. Efforts to combat rhino poaching extend beyond national borders. U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, during her visit to South Africa’s Dinokeng Game Reserve, emphasized the need to follow the money trail associated with poaching, treating it as seriously as other crimes. This approach can help disrupt the illegal wildlife trade networks that drive rhino poaching. While the increase in rhino populations is undoubtedly promising, significant challenges remain on the horizon. Competition over water resources and the resulting conflicts between communities and wildlife may bring humans and rhinos into closer contact, potentially leading to more poaching incidents. Poverty resulting from the loss of crops and livestock can also drive individuals to poaching as a means of income. To ensure the continued recovery of Africa’s rhino populations, it is vital to address these underlying issues and maintain unwavering commitment to conservation efforts. The rebounding rhino populations serve as a testament to what can be achieved when dedicated individuals, organizations, and governments work together to protect these magnificent creatures and the ecosystems they call home. Read the full article

Rhino Poaching Decreases But Not Far From Threat

Rhino Poaching Decreases But Not Far From Threat

Rhino poaching across the world declined since 2018, which according to environmentalists and officials say is quite encouraging for Rhino population. However, the threat to Rhinos is not far from over, said a new report by the IUCN SSC African and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups and TRAFFIC. The new report comes in the wake of the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on…

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Rhino Poaching Decreases But Not Far From Threat

Rhino Poaching Decreases But Not Far From Threat

Rhino poaching across the world declined since 2018, which according to environmentalists and officials say is quite encouraging for Rhino population. However, the threat to Rhinos is not far from over, said a new report by the IUCN SSC African and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups and TRAFFIC. The new report comes in the wake of the 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on…

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Facts matter and misinformation can have devastating real-world impacts. This is as true in the African bush as it is in the U.S. Capitol. That is why we are deeply concerned when we read overt misinformation about trophy hunting, such as in the opinion pieces by photographer Cyril Christo.

Trophy hunting is an emotive and polarizing issue ripe for misinformation. Much of the discussion on both sides occurs in echo chambers, where falsehoods and half-truths are shared and perpetuated. Misinformation can eventually make its way into policy debates as it has in Congress, the California Legislature, and the UK Parliament. Just as with anti-vaccine falsehoods and climate change denial, these misinformation campaigns must be called out for the significant harm they do. As the scientist Kelvin Peh stated so well: "Truth not only continues to matter; it remains the biggest weapon and shield for all wildlife conservationists and environmental scientists in a world of increasingly wanton, politically-motivated myth-making."

There are many statements in Mr. Christo’s contributions which could be debated, but three central (and common) misconceptions stand out. These are not unique to Mr. Christo’s articles: these misconceptions are commonly spread by anti-trophy hunting campaign groups. Such misinformation must be tackled so that policymakers can be better informed.

The first is the idea that trophy hunting is driving species to extinction. Decades of published, scientific research and field experience show this is demonstrably false. There is not, as far as we can tell, a single species where trophy hunting is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List as a key threat driving it to extinction. Humane Society International, an organization that campaigns against trophy hunting, listed the top 20 species imported by American trophy hunters (the bulk of international hunters). If that hunting was intensifying decline, it would be a major concern in a world that has lost over two-thirds of its vertebrate wildlife since 1970. However, far from hunting driving those species to extinction, nine of the 20 are increasing in numbers and 6 are stable. Eighteen are ranked as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, with the other two "Near Threatened:" so none are threatened species. For four of the 20, including one of the "Near Threatened" ones, trophy hunting is identified by the IUCN as a positive instrument in their conservation, and is implied for a further three species. None of the 20 have trophy hunting documented as a threat to their populations. These facts matter.

Trophy hunting can be successful at conserving wildlife because it provides the economic incentive to conserve large tracts of wildlife habitat where there are few or no alternative funding sources. This helps maintain species, including lions, which can threaten the lives and livelihoods of rural people. One seminal study documented at least 340 million acres conserved by trophy hunting across sub-Saharan Africa: more land than has been set aside for National Parks, where photo tourism is concentrated. Furthermore, there are clear examples where trophy hunting has benefited the conservation of wildlife, including elephants, lions, rhinos, buffalo, argali and many others. These examples are well documented, including in an IUCN Briefing Paper, the academic literature and a US Congress report. Again, these facts matter. 

By incentivizing the conservation of wildlife habitat and the maintenance of dangerous species, trophy hunting can play an important role in reducing far greater threats such as habitat loss and poaching. This conservation benefit is particularly significant given that IPBES highlighted land use change as the primary driver of massive global biodiversity loss. This is why over 130 scientists and local stakeholders, including Chairs of multiple IUCN Specialist Groups, signed a 2019 letter in Science, warning that banning trophy hunting without viable alternatives ready would imperil biodiversity.

The second theme of the misinformation campaign is the false equivalence between trophy hunting and poaching. Trophy hunting differs from poaching as much as shopping differs from shoplifting. In both cases, the former is legal, regulated and generates wider benefits. Conversely, because poaching is illegal and unregulated, it is often indiscriminate, kills many non-target species and plays a key role in wildlife decline.

Oddly, the "evidence" that has been cited for poaching being linked to trophy hunting is that they can occur in the same area, such as in Tanzania’s Selous Game Reserve, which has undoubtedly suffered severe poaching. But recent data from South Africa’s Kruger National Park, one of the most popular photo tourism destinations in Africa, showed that rhino numbers fell by 67 percent since 2011. Does this mean that "where photo-tourism is allowed, poaching follows?" Should photo-tourism be banned, in Kruger or more widely, especially as most African protected areas maintain wildlife far below carrying capacity, due to threats such as poaching?

The sensible answer is no; whether managed for photo-tourism and/or trophy hunting, most African protected areas are woefully under-funded, so removing either one of those key revenue streams without adequate replacement would only exacerbate those threats. For example, in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape — internationally important for lions and many other species — it is indeed likely that lions are in decline. However, as with many other landscapes, far more lions around Ruaha are speared, snared and poisoned than are killed by trophy hunters. An exaggerated focus on trophy hunting simply draws attention away from the real threats such as intense human wildlife conflict, or the disempowerment of local people in conservation. This is of real concern.

Clearly, trophy hunting has huge impacts for the individual, and in some cases can negatively impact populations, such as with lions in Hwange or Selous. But in Africa just as in the U.S., the science exists that can, and does, underpin sustainable trophy hunting. This includes age-based adaptive quotas and targeted actions such as quota reductions or time-limited moratoria for some species. Poor governance, including corruption, and poor design of and adherence to regulations, can doubtless have real impacts on wildlife in trophy hunting areas, and the same is true for photo-tourism areas.

The key question however is whether removing trophy hunting in an area would ultimately decrease overall threats. Currently, it is unlikely to be the case. Indiscriminate bans, without better alternatives to replace incentives from high-fee trophy hunting to maintain wildlife and habitat, risk significantly amplifying major threats such as poaching and land conversion.

The third, and crucial, topic where we often see misinformation is around trophy hunting and colonialism. Much of the current conservation model – including land set aside for both photo-tourism and trophy hunting – has deep colonial underpinnings, and this must be understood and acknowledged. But that makes it ever more important that today, the post-colonial decision-making and rights of African countries and communities are respected. Westerners must not continue to externally impose their own ideals upon Africans, such as pushing trophy hunting bans and restrictions, where local communities warn they are directly undermining both successful conservation and human rights.

What is all too rarely recognized is that Africans themselves have long realized the failure of conservation models, and have in many places reversed them. At the core of these new African-invented wildlife conservation models is the principle that legal rights should be given back to local people to sustainably use their wildlife. These rights, the global markets that add so much value to a uniquely African product, and the democratic awakening associated with them should not be undermined because utilization offends people elsewhere. Let the communities that live with wildlife be the ones to decide whether the benefits they receive from trophy hunting are meaningful — as many have. Recently, the Community Leaders Network of Southern Africa made a powerful statement on this very topic. Tired of getting a raw deal, rural African communities are demanding a new deal in which they are shareholders (not disempowered stakeholders) in their own wildlife resource. Thus, externally imposed bans, including import bans, undermine not only the foundations of sustainable wildlife management but also of human rights.

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Kenya Safari Tours- The Ideal Way to Explore the Wilderness

A Kenya Safari requires arranging, which depends on not simply the measure of time or cash available to you, yet in addition to learning about the national parks, seasons, untamed life and a heap of different components. We intend to give an exhaustive review of things that you need to know before you become part of Kenya safari tours of reputed tour operators.

Kenya Safari

Kenya is one of the unmistakable African nations well known for both its abundant regular assets and its people groups. Barack Obama, a previous, president of the United States of America, is of direct Kenyan drop. Among voyagers to Africa, Kenya possesses a tenuous position alongside South Africa and Tanzania. Travels regard Kenya Safaris as the best on the planet.

A huge bit of the nation's foreign trade originates from sending out espresso and from voyagers booking Kenya safari tours. Situated on the equator, and flanking the Indian sea, the National Parks, the ancestral individuals, and the awesome seashores covering the Indian Ocean make Kenya a superb picture as a vacationer destination. The nation itself hums with movement, from ranches and little cafés to the open grounds complemented by cattle grazing in the bounteous savanna and moorlands.

The conspicuous National Parks and Game Reserves in Kenya are in the savanna and around the good countries in the southwestern piece of Kenya. The extraordinary rift valley, liable for a large portion of the characteristic miracles of Africa including the glorious Lake Victoria, goes through the Kenyan highlands.

Kenya Safari Parks

The lavish national parks and the bounteous untamed life inside them make Kenya popular as a safari destination. Nairobi, presumably the most celebrated city in Kenya, is the door to every one of these parks and lies at the southern edge of the Kenyan highland. Given beneath are brief portrayals of the Kenyan Safari Parks ideal to have Kenya safari tours.

The Northern Frontiers

• Mount Kenya National Park

The most noteworthy peak in Kenya and second just to Mt Kilimanjaro, the nation of Kenya gets its name from the mountain. You can climb Mount Kenya from one of the four courses and the region around Mount Kenya, divided as a National Park is wealthy in both woodland spread and natural life.

• Samburu National Reserve

The Samburu National Reserve is home to some fascinating and uncommon species. The Ewaso Nyiro stream gives the ideal loosened up setting to experience natural life in the Samburu National Reserve.

The Western Region

• Masai Mara National Park

Presumably, the most acclaimed and mainstream National Park in Kenya. The Great Wildebeest Migration makes Masai Mara popular as Kenya safari tours destination. The populace of lions and ensured untamed life here gives you an opportunity to experience a genuine Kenyan Safari.

• Lake Naivasha

Found near Nairobi, Lake Naivasha is incredible for day-trips from the city. With mountains in sight and fixes of timberland and savanna, the beautiful area has a lot of local untamed life.

• Lake Victoria

Commanding the Kenyan scene in the west, and known for the exceedingly local individuals that live in the islands, Lake Victoria is an absolute necessity visit component of Kenya. Covering a zone of around 70,000 square km, Lake Victoria is Africa's biggest lake and the biggest tropical lake on the planet. It straddles the nations of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and is one of the fundamental wellsprings of the river Nile.

• Lake Nakuru

Lake Nakuru is popular for being the home to a great many flamingos. This rift valley alkaline lake has an exceptionally specific sort of green growth, which flourishes in the soda- lake condition. Recently water levels have radically changed the size and state of the lake, prompting bird movements. You can find both Black and White Rhinos and panthers in the territory encompassing the lake.

The Southern Parks and Beaches

• Amboseli National Park

With stupendous perspectives on the grand Mt Kilimanjaro ascending in the background, Amboseli has tremendous crowds of elephants and phenomenal game drives. It is likewise a prevalent national park to visit for Kenya safari tours, among those wanting to climb Mt Kilimanjaro.

• Tsavo East National Park

Kenya's greatest national park, Tsavo East is known for its distinctively shaded elephants and awesome natural life viewing. A portion of the creatures that can be seen here ranges from elephants, cheetahs, lions, hippos and crocodiles just as some spectacular birds.

• Tsavo West National Park

Tsavo West, though littler than Tsavo East, is increasingly created and better associated. It is most popular for its scenic beauty, moving magma shaped rocks, and the Mzima Springs, which has a submerged viewing chamber.

The Best Time to Visit Kenya

The precipitation pattern assumes a gigantic job in choosing when you need to visit Kenya, as does your spending limit. The primary visitor seasons are during the dry seasons from December end to January and from July to September and these are the greatest months for Kenya safari tours. The untamed life will in general gather around and close to water sources and following them is a lot simpler. July to September is the best time for a Kenya Safari as the game survey is great. End August and early September for the most part match with the Wildebeest Migration in the Masai Mara.

So, decide when you plan to have Kenya safari tours and contact Shayo Trekking & Safaris. They have the perfect experience and knowledge to organize the best safaris in Kenya. Call at +255 755 439088 to have a word with their safari specialist.

Places to Have the Best Adventure in Kenya

Kenya - the name is practically synonymous with "safari." Perhaps no other spot on the planet summons such a spirit of experience and sentiment. The decent variety of activities astonishes all who visit and review the nation's plenteous natural life beat the rundown. Being part of adventure tours in Kenya of reputed tour operators see crowds of wildebeest roaring over the savanna during the Great Migration in the Maasai Mara; come eye-to-eye with an elephant in Amboseli; or wonder about Lake Nakuru, spotted with a huge number of flamingos. In these sun-doused lands, antiquated tribes, for example, the Maasai, Kikuyu, and Samburu, hold their customary traditions, living in relative amicability with the common world.

Past the world-renowned safari parks lies a trove of beachfront treasures. You can snorkel and dive fish-rich coral reefs, unwind on silvery shorelines, experience the blend of societies and foods in Mombasa and Malindi, and explore tropical islands saturated with Swahili history.

Geographically, Kenya is staggering. Encompassed by calderas and mountain ranges, the Great Rift Valley separates the nation. Toward the east of this broad valley, you can climb the snow-shrouded tropical pinnacles of Mount Kenya and fish for trout in perfectly clear streams. Hell's Gate National Park harbors obsidian caves and murmurs with normal fountains and natural aquifers. To encounter the sentiment of Kenya's vivid colonial history caught in the film Out of Africa, head to Nairobi. This clamoring capital is the door to one of the world's most reminiscent and energizing travel goals.

Maasai Mara National Reserve Maasai Mara National Reserve likewise called "Masai Mara" is one of the world's most eminent game reserves. Flanking Tanzania, the Mara is the northern expansion of the Serengeti and structures an untamed life passageway between the two nations. The name is after the statuesque, red-shrouded Maasai individuals who live in the recreation center and graze their creatures here as they have accomplished for quite a long time. In their language, Mara signifies "mottled," maybe a reference to the play of light and shadow from the acacia trees and cloud-studded skies on the vast prairies.

The recreation center is popular for the Great Migration, when a large number of wildebeest, zebra, and Thomson's gazelle travel to and from the Serengeti, from July through October. In the Mara River, crowds of hippos and crocodiles hide. The recreation center is likewise known for giving fantastic predator sightings, because of its enormous populaces of lion, cheetah, and panther - particularly in the dry a very long time from December through February. Because of the recreation center's height, the climate here is mellow and delicate all year. The adventure tours in Kenya give you the best opportunities to enjoy and experience this amazing natural feature.

Amboseli National Reserve Crowned by Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's most astounding pinnacle, Amboseli National Reserve is one of Kenya's most prevalent visitor parks. The name "Amboseli" originates from a Maasai word signifying "salty dust," an adept depiction for the recreation center's dry conditions. The reserve is probably the best place in Africa to see huge groups of elephants very close. Another natural life normally seen in the recreation center incorporates huge cats, for example, lion and cheetah, just as giraffe, impala, eland, waterbuck, gazelle, and in excess of 600 types of birds. Nature sweethearts can explore five unique territories here, going from the evaporated bed of Lake Amboseli, wetlands with sulfur springs, savannah, and forests. Search for the nearby Maasai individuals who live in the zone around the recreation center.

Tsavo National Park Kenya's biggest park, Tsavo, is in two parts: Tsavo West and Tsavo East. Together these parks include four percent of the nation's all-out zone and incorporate waterways, cascades, savannah, volcanic slopes, a gigantic igneous rock level, and a great assorted variety of untamed life. Halfway between Nairobi and Mombasa, Tsavo East is a place for photographing commendable sightings of huge elephant crowds rolling and washing in red dust. The palm-bordered Galana River winds through the recreation center giving astounding game view and a rich contradiction to the parched fields. Different features here incorporate the Yatta Plateau, the world's longest magma stream; Mudanda Rock; and the Lugard Falls, which spill into rapids and crocodile-filled pools.

Tsavo West is wetter and geologically progressively shifted, with probably the most delightful view in the northern ranges of the recreation center. Features here are Mzima Springs, a progression of characteristic springs with enormous populaces of hippos and crocodiles; Chaimu Crater, an incredible spot for seeing birds of prey; and Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary. Untamed life is not as simple to see in Tsavo West due to the dense vegetation, yet the wonderful landscape compensates all.

Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba National Reserves On the banks of the palm-lined Ewaso Nyiro River, Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba Reserves lie in a dry locale in the remote north of Kenya. Shaba National Reserve is one of two zones where George and Joy Adamson raised Elsa the lioness, put on the map in the film Born Free. The untamed life in each of the three stores relies upon the waters of the waterway to endure, and numerous species are uncommonly adjusted to the dry conditions, for example, Grevy's zebras; Somali ostriches; and gerenuks, the long-necked antelope that remain on two back legs to arrive at the crisp shoots on upper tree appendages.

A top fascination in Samburu National Reserve is the Sarara Singing Wells, nearby watering gaps where Samburu warriors sing customary tunes while pulling water for their cows to drink. You may likewise be compensated with sightings of enormous felines and wild hounds.

Lake Nakuru National Park Lake Nakuru National Park, in Central Kenya, is renowned for its immense herds of pink flamingos. The feathered creatures crowd on Lake Nakuru itself, one of the Rift Valley lakes that include very nearly 33% of the recreation center's region. The recreation center was set up in 1961, and in excess of 450 types of birds have been recorded here, just as a rich decent variety of other untamed life. Lions, panthers, warthogs, waterbucks, pythons, and white rhinos are only a portion of the creatures you may see, and the scenes run from clearing prairies flanking the lake to rough bluffs and forest.

The recreation center likewise secures the biggest euphorbia candelabrum backwoods in Africa. These tall, expanding succulents are endemic to the area and give an intriguing textural component to the parched scenes.

Lake Naivasha A shelter for birders, Lake Naivasha lies at the highest point of the Great Rift Valley and has been known to recoil extensively in the midst of outrageous dry spell. A prospering floriculture industry in the region is likewise affecting water levels and quality. Perhaps the ideal approaches to see a natural life is by vessel. You can spot in excess of 400 types here, including African fish falcons. Hippos slosh in the water, and giraffes, zebra, bison, and eland touch around the edges of the lake. Keep a watch out for Colobus monkeys in the coverings, as well.

Close Lake Naivasha, the Crater Lake Game Sanctuary includes an untamed life rich nature trail. Only south of Lake Naivasha, the moderately reasonable Hell's Gate National Park ensures a wide assortment of natural life and offers brilliant climbing openings with two wiped out volcanoes and the red precipices of Hell's Gate Gorge. On the southern shore of Lake Naivasha, you can fly in for some tea at the Elsamere Conservation Center, the previous home of the late Joy Adamson, creator of Born Free and her better half George.

Mount Kenya National Park In the Central Highlands, east of the Great Rift Valley, Mount Kenya National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site including the nation's namesake most noteworthy mountain at 5,199 meters and giving the uncommon sight of the tropical day off. Shaped by a progression of volcanic emissions, Mount Kenya has three ice sheet shrouded crests. The most astounding is Batian, in spite of the fact that Nelion, the following most astounding, is a harder trip. The most reduced pinnacle, Lenana, is the least demanding trip, albeit erratic climate can posture difficulties.

View changes from icy masses, lakes, and mineral springs to high woodland and thick pockets of bamboo. The assorted variety of greenery gives compensating chances to adventure. Among the natural life here, you may spot Colobus monkeys, bison, elephant, tree hyrax, panther, and hyena.

In order to have the best adventure tours in Kenya, it is wise to contact Sojourn Safaris. They have years of experience and knowledge to organize the best adventure safaris and enable you to explore untamed Kenya while you have perfect comfort and safety. Call or whatsapp at (+254) 722 661 827 to speak to their safari specialists.

Conservationists have successfully moved 16 endangered black rhinos to the tiny—but “ideal”—African country of Eswatini, after removing them last year from a poaching hotspot in South Africa.

The 16 rhinos include mature breeding bulls and cows, plus some juveniles and calves, according to a statement issued by Big Game Parks, Eswatini’s national wildlife authority. The rhinos were collected in 2018 from a private game ranch in South Africa, and finally released to a national park in Eswatini, formerly called Swaziland, on July 9 and 10.

“Many delays were experienced with this translocation, especially with respect to the bureaucratic nightmare of issuance and re-issuance of permits and ensuring that these animals were moved in the best manner and at an optimal time to minimize unnecessary stress,” noted the Big Game Parks statement.

The wildlife authority said it was becoming too expensive to protect the rhinos from poachers, “both in the private and public sectors, leaving many rhinos at risk.” Rhino custodians had no choice but to “disinvest” in rhino conservation in the affected South African region.

According to the IUCN Red List, there are only about 5,000 black rhinos left in the world, of which 80 percent live in South Africa.

Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in Africa, and it’s located between South Africa and Mozambique. The national park to which the rhinos were relocated was assessed as being an “ideal” black rhino habitat by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s African Rhino Specialist Group. What’s more, only three rhinos have been poached in Eswatini in the past quarter century, whereas 8,000 rhinos have been poached in Africa over the past 26 years, according to statistics provided by Big Games Parks.

“After more than 10 years of searching for a suitable group of Black rhinos for this introduction, last week’s relocation marks the end of the first phase of this project,” said Ted Reilly, chief executive of Big Game Parks, in the statement. “With all 16 rhinos safely captured in South Africa, transported over 700 km [435 miles] across an international border, dehorned and safely released into prime habitat, the second and most arduous phase of monitoring and security has just begun!”

The rhinos’ horns are removed as a deterrent to the poachers who would kill the animals in order to sell the horns. The rhinos are being guarded and closely monitored to ensure they’re finding sources of water and that they’re settling into their new home.

Conservationists can breathe a modest sigh of relief, but only time will tell if the relocation is successful. Last year, 10 out of 11 rhinos were killed during a failed translocation effort. The rhinos were being transported between parks in Kenya when they drank deadly salt water.

Best Thing about African safari package 2022

Do you want optimum vacation deals in the dusty African haze? Do you wish to admire the wondrous animals freely roaming in their natural habitat in any of the safari destinations in Africa? Then, the well-planned African safari package 2022 puts you at the center stage and explores the grand, glamourous, unabashedly luxurious safaris at your own pace. The continent of Africa is all about wildlife, and it is heaven, especially for safari lovers! Entice Africa Safaris invites you to this fascinating journey of self-discovery and embark on a remarkable African Safari experience. They offer an exceptional African safari package 2022 based on your specific need, place of interest to explore, and budget. They let you enjoy the endless wilderness of spectacular wildlife and timeless wasteland with their local guide assistance.

Being the leading safari operator, Entice Africa Safaris promises to get you to the best of African safari and holiday destinations, during the proper seasons and at the right price. Still, you have questions in your mind! So, let’s check why you consider Entice Africa Safaris as your partner for your upcoming safari and why their African safari package 2022 is the best for you or your group!

Offer 100% tailor-made African safari package 2022 • Your entire vacation is designed around your specific need, preference, availability of time, and budget • Allow the opportunity to explore your place of interest at your own pace • Allow you to decide the preferred style accommodations for your staying, lodging, and camping • Specialist assistance to create the perfect safari package for your upcoming safari trip in 2022

Expert knowledge • Most of the employees engaged in the process are specialists and travelled extensively trough the safari destinations. • Please make the most contented African safari package while including their specialist regions. • Expert knowledge to handle your journey from beginning to end • Offer numerous things to do & explore to make the most of your time and budget while in Africa.

The best guides • Expert & experienced local guides can transform the simple safari trip into a wondrous journey. You can feel the difference between a good trip and an outstanding one. • Hand-picked travel itinerary by the expert team • Partnering with several best companies for camping or lodging or staying or moving • Offering more than what they promise • Dedication to offering genuine insight into the African safari destinations & the country • 24/7 support and make you feel safe throughout your journey and accommodate any emergency support while abroad

Top Safari destinations to discover • Kenya- Maasai Mara National Reserve, Amboseli National Park, Tsavo East National Park, Tsavo West National Park, Lake Nakuru National Park, Samburu National Reserve. • Rwanda: Volcanoes National Park &Akagera National Park • Tanzania: The northern safari circuit, Serengeti National Park, and Ngorongoro crater. • Uganda: Queen Elizabeth National Park, Murchison Falls National Park, Lake Mburo National Park, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Kabale National Park, and Lake Bunyonyi.

This highlights a few major parks and reserves; conservancies, sanctuaries, and attractions are home to a significant population of wildlife species. The prominent wildlife you will find in such parks and conservancies are the big five Lions, leopards, the African Elephants, Buffalos and Rhinoceros, primates such as gorillas, and chimpanzees, and abundance of birdlife. The safari package also gives you a chance to see some of the most endangered wildlife species on the planet! Some of them are white rhino, lesser kudu, Thomson’s gazelle, and black rhino.

The best way to have a quality African safari package 2022 is to consult a reliable, reputable & registered safari operator based in Kenya, such as Entice Africa Safaris. They have been organizing several safaris in different parts of East Africa for years and offer you the best African safari package 2022 for both local & global travelers. Therefore, you can expect to have one of the most demanded African safari packages for your upcoming safari in 2022 by getting in touch with Entice Africa Safaris at+254 727 723 343 | +254 799 871255 today!

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Wonderful Botswana Safari Tours

Are you thinking about the range of wildlife in Tanzania? Then you should employ a guide who's a specialist in this. A great deal of Tanzanians are, but you want to try to find a group you can trust with your life. Bring a good pair of field glasses and let these guides lead your Tanzania safari tour. Birding safari 're not only proficient at telling you about the culture of Tanzanian tribes and the habits of these animals. They're also pretty good at spotting wild animals which you will not have the ability to see if you were alone and simply looking through your field glasses. Choose your season to canoe. October through to December is the hottest time of the year butnormallygreat forvideo game sightings on the Riverbanks. Rainy season on the Zambezi is mid November through to mid April. Winterstarts mid June and continues through to August. Neverthelesswinter season is not very cold and a couple of warm coats, trousers and socksought towork. safari camping May and September are absolutelysensational months of the year to take a trip weatherwise. clear blue skies but warm and not too hot. We drove back to camp for lunch and a midday break, taking pleasure in a calamari salad as the hippos entertained us. Not long into our afternoon drive, Waziri picked up a report of a lion sighting. We discovered a male in a thicket, who started strolling gradually towards a clearing, the most active lion we had seen. Another lion emerged and walked gradually towards our car, stopping to rest about 20 feet away. We viewed breathlessly as an entire pride emerged, one by one, and came to rest in front of us, unconcerned by our existence. 10 lions in all gathered, and we stayed there for a long time. Our return to camp crossed the river at a point where we could see 4 of the magnificent Nile crocodile. This is another popular destination of travelers. Here, they get to see the world's top predators - the lion and the leopards - and their preferred victims - the buffalo. Obviously, the nationwide park also consists of other wild animals like the elephants and rhinoceros, providing you a complete experience of an African safari. On the Galana River, 15km west of Lugard Falls, this place is close to the rhino sanctuary and is greatly involved in rhino preservation tasks. It's really environmentally friendly however frighteningly pricey, particularly if you wish to schedule the eight camping tents for exclusive usage. safari hotel Then Hwange is the location for you, if pachyderms are your thing. This is elephant country. It's a marvelous sight to see hundreds of elephants at a waterhole. Unlike people, elephants are organized. No barging in here. Each herd waits patiently before taking gambles. The other wildlife is plentiful and varied too. Besides the normal Big 5, the smaller sized mammals like bat eared foxes, jackals and civet are plentiful making Hwange a superb all round safari location. Home stays have happened the best choice in Kenya spending plan travel. Here, you get to stick with genuine Kenyan households and you will experience Kenya from a Kenyan's point of view. House Remains typically cost about $14 per night inclusive of all meals and usually laundry.

Hitchhiking oxpeckers warn endangered rhinos when people are nearby

Red-billed oxpeckers hitching rides on the backs of black rhinos are a common sight in the African bush. The birds are best known for feeding from lesions full of ticks or other parasites on a rhino’s hide. But new research suggests that the relationship between the two species is much more mutualistic (SN: 10/9/02). Shouty and shrill oxpeckers can serve as an alarm bell, alerting black rhinos to the presence of people, scientists report April 9 in Current Biology. That could help the endangered animals evade poachers, the researchers propose.

“Rhinos are as blind as bats,” explains Roan Plotz, a behavioral ecologist at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia. Even in close proximity, a rhino might struggle to notice lurking danger by sight. But the oxpecker easily can, unleashing a sharp call to warn of intruders.

In South Africa’s Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, Plotz and his colleague Wayne Linklater of California State University, Sacramento approached 11 black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) by foot on the open plain on 86 occasions. The team found that those rhinos with a red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) tagging along were much better at detecting the researchers’ presence than those without. 

“Rhinos without oxpeckers on their back were able to detect our approaches just 23 percent of the time whereas rhinos with oxpeckers detected them every single time,” Plotz says. Rhinos listening to an oxpecker’s heads-up also picked up on the approaching scientists from 61 meters away, more than twice as far as when the rhinos were alone.

The red-billed oxpecker serves as an alarm bell for black rhinos, signaling nearby danger. The birds often eat pests like ticks from the backs of rhinos and other mammals, including livestock. Due to the practice of applying pesticides to livestock, the oxpecker has seen its numbers decline.Jed Bird

All rhinos responded to the oxpeckers’ alarm calls by becoming vigilant — standing up from a resting position, for example — and turning to face downwind, their sensory blind spot. The rhinos then either ran away or walked downwind to investigate the potential danger.

Black rhinos were once the most numerous species of rhino in the world. But poaching for traditional Chinese medicine has devastated the species (SN: 11/17/79). Though poaching has slowed since its peak in 2015, just 5,500 black rhinos remain in the wild and conservationists are searching for solutions that could permanently protect the critically endangered species.

The red-billed oxpecker has also declined. The birds feed on ticks, including those burrowed in cattle, but for decades, farmers treated their livestock with pesticides to kill the parasites. This inadvertently transferred the poison to oxpeckers, causing them to die out in some regions in Africa. In turn, many black rhinos must navigate the landscape without their avian companions. Given the study’s findings, Plotz thinks conservationists should consider reintroducing oxpecker sentinels to rhino populations.

“The oxpeckers are clearly adding a new depth and dimension to rhino awareness levels,” says animal ecologist Jo Shaw, Africa rhino program manager at World Wildlife Fund South Africa. “This emphasizes further the complex webs between species within ecosystems and the need for conservationists to work to ensure all functions remain intact.”

However, wildlife ecologist Michael Knight, chair of the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s African Rhino Specialist Group, cautions that a lot of poaching takes place during full-moon nights when sleeping oxpeckers would be of less assistance.

from Tips By Frank https://www.sciencenews.org/article/oxpecker-birds-warn-endangered-black-rhinos-people-near-poaching

The Kenya Luxury Safari – An Amazing Way to Experience Kenyan Wilderness

Kenya is the place the idea of an African safari started and the enchantment of the open, game-stuffed savannahs despite everything resounds all through this captivating nation.

Not content to rest on its safari laurels, Kenya has adjusted to changing tastes and molds and its extravagance lodges. They are among the best on the landmass - administration is proficient, the convenience exceptional and you will enchant at a portion of the little additional items: an excursion lunch under an obscure tree, a social preoccupation or instructive visit during Kenya luxury safari.

When to Go

The best time to visit Kenya is during the Dry season from late June to October, these are the best natural life viewing months. The wildebeest migration, as a rule, arrives at the Masai Mara in August and stays until October when they move back to the Serengeti in Tanzania. Untamed life viewing is acceptable all year; however, this can contrast for certain parks.

The best time is from June to October and again from January to February to enjoy Kenya luxury safari.

High Season is from July to November and January and February. A portion of the parks become busies particularly the Masai Mara, Amboseli and Lake Nakuru.

Low Season is from March to May. A few lodges and camps in high precipitation regions close down.

You can have the best climate from June to October, as there is almost no precipitation.

You will have an awful climate in March, April and May.

During June to October the dry season, you can expect the following:

Wildlife is simpler to spot because the shrubbery is slender and creatures accumulate around water

It is probably not going to rain; the days are bright with clear skies

There are fewer mosquitoes

July to October is the greatest months to see the wildebeest relocation

It gets occupied and jammed in the most mainstream parks

The experience you can have

Go along with Wildlife Tours & Adventures on a Kenya luxury safari for an incredible excursion. Let them control you to probably the most epic untamed life areas on earth. Experience close experiences with Africa's 'Big Five' – lion, elephant, rhino, panther and bison. Also, feel the pith of the mainland going through your veins.

Wildlife Tours & Adventures will inundate you in the absolute generally exceptional and remarkable encounters. Start your Kenya luxury safari by imparting breakfast to the uncommon Rothschild's giraffe. A while later, excursion to see the rhino in numbers discovered no place else in East Africa. Next, a nightfall Samburu move as elephant assembles in the stream. At that point, onto the incredible wildebeest relocation in perhaps the calmest corner of the Masai Mara. As you venture with them on your Kenya safari, plan to feel elated by the things you will see and the individuals you will meet.

Wildlife Tours & Adventures works a collection of lodges and camps in Kenya's best areas. Moreover, they are specialists in making a definitive bucket list experiences all through Kenya and East Africa. So think beyond practical boundaries, since whatever your vision, they could not imagine anything better than to get it going. Their enthusiastic and lively groups are holding on to invite you to your Kenya luxury safari. The number to contact them is +254 20 2219940.