Congratulations, sailor! I saw your big sibling post on my roleplay dash, lmao

Sailor! My dad used to be a sailor. He was in the coast guard. Also really really likes pirates so that interest has kinda just been passed on. But I digress!

This feels so strange I'm so confined to like one little corner of the internet usually that now that one of my posts has gotten out of that corner I'm like. This wasn't supposed to happen how did we get here?? But also hello from your roleplay dash!! it's like I'm visiting you except I don't know it.

Listen it seemed mostly under control and started to slow down around 5k notes but then it really took off again for some reason and got another 10k really quick and I've just been reading through all the tags. I think I've read almost every addition, which is enlightening because when I've seen bigger posts on my dash in the past I always assumed anything I said was lost in the sea of everything, but turns out not always! Sometimes op is still looking and listening 15k notes in!

Also another thing is from time to time I see absolutely wild urls and can just say nothing about it. Because like that's their url and if I say anything it's really obvious. But also??? oh wow is that a url. I mean this in a good way

But yeah! At the very least even though my notifs have been practically this one post for an extended period of time, the post itself hasn't been put back on my dash like Summer is dealing with. I don't have to scroll through my catharsis 50 times, so I think I'm winning there :)

A true and perfect relation of that most sad and terrible earthquake, at Port-Royal in Jamaica, which happened on Tuesday the 7th. of June, 1692. London: Printed by R. Smith, 1692.

EB65 A100 B675b v.4  

Houghton Library, Harvard University

Miss Universe Jamaica 2023 National Costume

Founded in 1494 by the Spanish, Port Royal was once the largest, wealthiest city in the Caribbean and served as the premier hub for trade and commerce. The city is associated with descriptive stories of grandeur, pirates, treasures, excesses and debauchery and was destroyed by the great earthquake of 1692, where a large portion of the city sank into the Caribbean Sea and the remaining portion was consistently ravaged by successive earthquakes and hurricanes. Over the centuries, the residents of Port Royal have defied all odds, remaining resilient and steadfast, and continue to make Port Royal their home despite many challenges. In 1996, Port Royal was declared a Protected National Heritage Site by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust and is celebrated, among other aspects, as the only sunken city in the Western Hemisphere, with a well preserved heritage of Jamaica's rich architecture and artifacts relating to the colourful stories handed down through the ages; stories depicting the culture of a glorious bygone era. The sunken city also boasts a vivid profusion of marine life, which forms a part of its many breathtaking treasures and is mainly what the costume depicts and celebrates. So, as we currently battle with climate change and the onslaught of increased and severe natural disasters, it becomes increasingly more important to preserve and protect our national heritage and natural treasures to ensure that they remain with us for future generations to experience and enjoy. This is a call to the Universe, let's all start playing our part in protecting our resources, and let's begin today.

Port Royal

Port Royal is a town located at the end of the Palisadoes, at the mouth of Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1494 by the Spanish, it was once the largest city in the Caribbean, functioning as the centre of shipping and commerce in the Caribbean Sea by the latter half of the 17th century.[1] It was destroyed by an earthquake on 7 June 1692, which had an accompanying tsunami, leading to the establishment of Kingston, which is now the largest city in Jamaica. Severe hurricanes have regularly damaged the area. Another severe earthquake occurred in 1907.

Port Royal was once home to privateers who were encouraged to attack Spanish vessels, at a time when smaller European nations were reluctant to attack Spain directly. As a port city, it was notorious for its gaudy displays of wealth and loose morals. It was a popular homeport for the English and Dutch-sponsored privateers to spend their treasure during the 17th century. When those governments abandoned the practice of issuing letters of marque to privateers against the Spanish treasure fleets and possessions in the later 16th century, many of the crews turned pirate. They continued to use the city as their main base during the 17th century. Pirates from around the world congregated at Port Royal, coming from waters as far away as Madagascar.

After the 1692 disaster, Port Royal's commercial role was steadily taken over by the nearby town (and later, city) of Kingston. Plans were developed in 1999 to redevelop the small fishing town as a heritage tourism destination to serve cruise ships. The plan was to capitalize on Port Royal's unique heritage, with archaeological findings from pre-colonial and privateering years as the basis of possible attractions.[1]

CLIMATE

Port Royal has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with a short dry season from January to April and a lengthy wet season from May to October. Temperatures remain steady throughout the year with the dry season being slightly cooler and range from 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) in January to 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) in May. The average annual precipitation is 1,345 millimetres (53 in).[2]

HISTORY

The Taino historic indigenous people of the Caribbean occupied this area for centuries before European settlement. They used the area, which they called Caguay or Caguaya,[3] during their fishing expeditions. Although it is not known whether they ever settled at the spot, they did inhabit other parts of Jamaica.[4]

Colonisation

The Spanish first landed in Jamaica in 1494 under the leadership of Christopher Columbus, leading to the destruction of the Taino population. Permanent settlement occurred when Juan de Esquivel brought a group of settlers in 1509. They came in search of new lands and valuable resources, like gold and silver. Instead they began to cultivate and process the sugar cane. Much like the Taino before them, the Spanish did not appear to have much use for the Port Royal area. They did, however, retain its Taino name.[3] Spain kept control of Jamaica mostly so that it could prevent other countries from gaining access to the island, which was strategically situated within the trade routes of the Caribbean. Spain maintained control over the island for 146 years, until the English took control following their invasion of 1655.

The town was captured by England in 1655 during the invasion of Jamaica.[4][5] By 1659 two hundred houses, shops and warehouses had been built around the fort; by 1692 five forts defended the port.[6] The English initially called the place Cagway but soon renamed it as Port Royal.[3] For much of the period between the English conquest and the 1692 earthquake, Port Royal served as the unofficial capital of Jamaica, while Spanish Town remained the official capital. In 1872 the government designated Kingston, the largest city, as the capital.[6]

Piracy

Port Royal provided a safe harbour initially for privateers and subsequently for pirates plying the shipping lanes to and from Spain and Panama. Buccaneers found Port Royal appealing for several reasons. Its proximity to trade routes allowed them easy access to prey, but the most important advantage was the port's proximity to several of the only safe passages or straits giving access to the Spanish Main from the Atlantic.[6] The harbour was large enough to accommodate their ships and provided a place to careen and repair these vessels. It was also ideally situated for launching raids on Spanish settlements. From Port Royal, Christopher Myngs sacked Campeche and Henry Morgan attacked Panama, Portobello, and Maracaibo. Additionally, buccaneers Roche Brasiliano, John Davis and Edward Mansvelt used Port Royal as a base of operations. In 1657, as a solution to his defence concerns, Governor Edward D'Oley invited the Brethren of the Coast to come to Port Royal and make it their home port. The Brethren was made up of a group of pirates who were descendants of cattle-hunting boucaniers (later anglicized to buccaneers), who had turned to piracy after being robbed by the Spanish (and subsequently thrown out of Hispaniola).[5] These pirates concentrated their attacks on Spanish shipping, whose interests were considered the major threat to the town.

These pirates later became legal English privateers who were given letters of marque by Jamaica's governor. Around the same time that pirates were invited to Port Royal, England launched a series of attacks against Spanish shipping vessels and coastal towns. By sending the newly appointed privateers after Spanish ships and settlements, England had successfully set up a system of defence for Port Royal. Spain was forced to continually defend their property, and did not have the means with which to retake its land.[5]

Spain could not retake the island and, due to pirates, could no longer regularly provide their colonies in the New World with manufactured goods. The progressive irregularity of annual Spanish fleets, combined with an increasing demand by colonies for manufactured goods, stimulated the growth of Port Royal. Merchants and privateers worked together in what is now referred to as "forced trade." Merchants would sponsor trading endeavors with the Spanish, while also sponsoring privateers to attack Spanish ships and rob Spanish coastal towns.[5] While the merchants most certainly had the upper hand, the privateers were an integral part of the operation.

Nuala Zahedieh, a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh, wrote,

"Both opponents and advocates of so-called 'forced trade' declared the town's fortune had the dubious distinction of being founded entirely on the servicing of the privateers' needs and highly lucrative trade in prize commodities."[7] . . . "A report that the 300 men who accompanied Henry Morgan to Portobello in 1668 returned to the town with a prize to spend of at least £60 each (two or three times the usual annual plantation wage) leaves little doubt that they were right".[7]

The forced trade became almost a way of life in Port Royal. Michael Pawson and David Busseret wrote "...one way or the other nearly all the propertied inhabitants of Port Royal seem to have an interest in privateering."[8] Forced trade was rapidly making Port Royal one of the wealthiest communities in the English territories of North America, far surpassing any profit made from the production of sugar cane. Zahedieh wrote, "The Portobello raid [in 1668] alone produced plunder worth £75,000, more than seven times the annual value of the island’s sugar exports, which at Port Royal prices did not exceed £10,000 at this time."[7]

Since the English lacked sufficient troops to prevent either the Spanish or French from seizing it, the Jamaican governors eventually turned to the pirates to defend the city.[9] By the 1660s the city had, for some, become a pirate utopia and had gained a reputation as the "Sodom of the New World", where most residents were pirates, cutthroats, or prostitutes. When Charles Leslie wrote his history of Jamaica, he included a description of the pirates of Port Royal:

Wine and women drained their wealth to such a degree that [...] some of them became reduced to beggary. They have been known to spend 2 or 3,000 pieces of eight in one night; and one gave a strumpet 500 to see her naked. They used to buy a pipe of wine, place it in the street, and oblige everyone that passed to drink.

The taverns of Port Royal were known for their excessive consumption of alcohol such that records even exist of the wild animals of the area partaking in the debauchery. During a passing visit, famous Dutch explorer Jan van Riebeeck is said to have described the scenes:

The parrots of Port Royal gather to drink from the large stocks of ale with just as much alacrity as the drunks that frequent the taverns that serve it.

There is even speculation in pirate folklore that the infamous Blackbeard (Edward Teach) met a howler monkey, while at leisure in a Port Royal alehouse, whom he named Jefferson and formed a strong bond with during the expedition to the island of New Providence.[citation needed] Recent genealogical research indicates that Blackbeard and his family moved to Jamaica where Edward Thatch, Jr. is listed as being a mariner in the Royal Navy aboard HMS Windsor in 1706.[10] Port Royal benefited from this lively, glamorous infamy and grew to be one of the two largest towns and the most economically important port in the English colonies. At the height of its popularity, the city had one drinking house for every 10 residents. In July 1661 alone, 40 new licenses were granted to taverns. During a 20-year period that ended in 1692, nearly 10,000 people lived in Port Royal. In addition to prostitutes and buccaneers, there were four goldsmiths, 44 tavern keepers, and a variety of artisans and merchants who lived in 2,000 buildings crammed into 51 acres (21 ha) of real estate. 213 ships visited the seaport in 1688. The city's wealth was so great that coins were preferred for payment over the more common system of bartering goods for services.

Following Henry Morgan's appointment as lieutenant governor, Port Royal began to change. Pirates were no longer needed to defend the city. The selling of slaves took on greater importance. Upstanding citizens disliked the reputation the city had acquired. In 1687, Jamaica passed anti-piracy laws. Consequently, instead of being a safe haven for pirates, Port Royal became noted as their place of execution. Gallows Point welcomed many to their death, including Charles Vane and Calico Jack, who were hanged in 1720. About five months later, the famous woman pirate Mary Read died in the Jamaican prison in Port Royal. Two years later, 41 pirates met their death in one month.[11]

The Royal Navy

Under British rule the Royal Navy made use of a careening wharf at Port Royal and rented a building on the foreshore to serve as a storehouse. From 1675, a resident Naval Officer was appointed to oversee these facilities;[12] however, development was cut short by the 1692 earthquake. After the earthquake, an attempt was made to establish a naval base at Port Antonio instead, but the climate there proved disagreeable. From 1735, Port Royal once more became the focus of the Admiralty's attention. New wharves and storehouses were built at this time, as well as housing for the officers of the Yard. Over the next thirty years, more facilities were added: cooperages, workshops, sawpits, and accommodation (including a canteen) for the crews of ships being careened there.[13] A Royal Naval Hospital was also established on land a little to the west of the Naval Yard; and by the end of the 18th century a small Victualling Yard had been added to the east (prior to this ships had had to go to Kingston and other settlements to take on supplies).[13]

At the start of the 19th century, a significant amount of rebuilding took place in what was by now a substantial Royal Navy Dockyard serving the fleet in the Caribbean. A sizeable storehouse with a clocktower formed the centrepiece, with a covered way leading from it to the careening wharves. The adjacent Port Admiral's (later Commodore's) House included a watch tower, to counter the threat of privateers. The Yard continued to expand to meet the new requirements of steam-powered vessels: the victualling wharf became a coaling depot in the 1840s, and twenty years later a small engineering complex was built.[13] The Yard continued to expand through to the beginning of the 20th century, but then (with the Admiralty focusing more and more on the situation in Europe) the Navy withdrew from its station in Jamaica and the Dockyard closed in 1905.

Many of the Dockyard buildings (most of which were of timber construction) were subsequently demolished or destroyed (some in the 1907 Kingston earthquake, others by Hurricane Charlie in 1951).[14] A few remain in place, however, including the Naval Hospital complex, some of the steam engineering buildings and a set of officers' houses.[15] There is also a slipway, completed as late as 1904, which (with its accompanying sheds) was designed for housing and launching torpedo boats, stationed there for the Yard's protection. In 2014, it was announced that some of the Historic Naval Hospital buildings would be restored to house a museum as part of a broader Port Royal Heritage Tourism Project.[16]

Earthquake of 1692

The town grew rapidly, reaching a population of around 6,500 people and approximately 2,000 dwellings, by 1692. As land on which to build diminished, it became common practice to either fill in areas of water and build new infrastructure on top of it, or simply build buildings taller. Buildings gradually became heavier as the residents adopted the brick style homes of their native England. Some[who?] urged the population to adopt the low, wooden building style of the previous Spanish inhabitants, but many refused. In the end, all of these separate factors contributed to the impending disaster.

On 7 June 1692, a devastating earthquake hit the city causing most of its northern section to be lost – and with it many of the town's houses and other buildings. Many of the forts were destroyed, as well; Fort Charles survived, but Forts James and Carlisle sank into the sea, Fort Rupert became a large region of water, and great damage was done to an area known as Morgan's Line.[4]

Although the earthquake hit the entire island of Jamaica, the citizens of Port Royal were at a greater risk of death due to the perilous sand, falling buildings, and the tsunami that followed. Though the local authorities tried to remove or sink all of the corpses from the water, they were unsuccessful; some simply got away from them, while others were trapped in places that were inaccessible. Improper housing, a lack of medicine or clean water, and the fact that most of the survivors were homeless led to many people dying of malignant fevers.[17] The earthquake and tsunami killed between 1,000 and 3,000 people combined, nearly half the city's population.[citation needed] Disease ran rampant in the next several months, claiming an estimated 2,000 additional lives.[18]

The historical Jamaica earthquake of 7 June 1692 can be dated closely not only by date, but by time of day as well. This is documented by recovery from the sea floor in the 1960s of a pocket watch stopped at 11:43 a.m., recording the time of the devastating earthquake.[19][20]

The earthquake caused the sand under Port Royal to liquefy and flow out into Kingston Harbour. The water table was generally only two feet down before the impact, and the town was built on a layer of some 65 feet (20 m) of water-saturated sand. This type of area did not provide a solid foundation on which to build an entire town. Unlike the Spanish before them, the English had decided to settle and develop the small area of land, even while acknowledging that the area was nothing but "hot loose sand".[21]

According to Mulcahy, "[Modern] scientists and underwater archaeologists now believe that the earthquake was a powerful one and that much of the damage at Port Royal resulted from a process known as liquefaction."[21] Liquefaction occurs when earthquakes strike ground that is loose, sandy, and water-saturated, increasing the water pressure and causing the particles to separate from one another and form a sludge resembling quicksand. Eyewitness accounts attested to buildings sliding into the water, but it is likely[clarification needed] some simply sank straight down into the now unstable layer.[21]

Underwater archeology, some of which can be seen in the National Geographic Channel show Wicked Pirate City, reveals the foundations of building underwater, showing there was subsidence, as do comparisons of post-earthquake maps and pre-earthquake maps.

Some attempts were made to rebuild the city, starting with the one third that was not submerged, but these met with mixed success and numerous disasters.[citation needed] An initial attempt at rebuilding was again destroyed in 1703 by fire. Subsequent rebuilding was hampered by several hurricanes in the first half of the 18th century, including flooding from the sea in 1722, a further fire in 1750, and a major hurricane in 1774, and soon Kingston eclipsed Port Royal in importance. In 1815, what repairs were being undertaken were destroyed in another major fire, while the whole island was severely affected by an epidemic of cholera in 1850.[clarification needed]

1907 earthquake and recent history

A devastating earthquake on 14 January 1907 liquefied the sand spit, destroying nearly all of the rebuilt city, submerging additional portions, and tilting The Giddy House, an artillery storage room built c. 1880 that is today a minor tourist attraction.[22]

Today, the area is a shadow of its former self with a population of less than 2,000 that has little to no commercial or political importance. The area is frequented by tourists, but is in a state of disrepair. The Jamaican government has recently resolved to further develop the area for its historic and tourist value. This is in part a result of abandonment of plans begun in the early 1960s to develop the town as a cruise ship port and destination.[23] The plans stimulated the archaeological explorations on the site which, in turn, led to the suspension of development solely as a port but now included archaeological and other attractions.[6]

In 1981, the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University began a 10-year underwater archaeological investigation of the portion of Port Royal that sank underwater during the 17th century. The program focused on an area that had sunk directly into the sea and suffered very little damage. Due to very low oxygen levels, a large amount of organic material could be recovered. The efforts made by the program have allowed everyday life in the English colonial port city to be reconstructed in great detail.[24]

In 1998, the Port Royal Development Company commissioned architectural firm The Jerde Partnership to create a master plan for the redevelopment of Port Royal, which was completed in 2000.[25] The focus of the plan is a 17th-century-themed attraction that reflects the city's heritage. It has two anchor areas: Old Port Royal and the King's Royal Naval Dockyard. Old Port Royal features a cruise ship pier extending from a reconstructed Chocolata Hole harbour and Fisher's Row, a group of cafes and shops on the waterfront. The King's Royal Naval Dockyard features a combination shipbuilding-museum and underwater aquarium with dioramas for views of the native tropical sealife.[25] The Royal Naval Dockyard also includes the headquarters for the Admiral of the Royal Navy. The redevelopment plan also includes a five-star hotel.[26]

Today, Port Royal is known to post-medieval archaeologists as the "City that Sank".[27] Robert Marx considers it the most important underwater archaeological site in the western hemisphere,[citation needed] yielding 16th–and-17th-century artifacts and many important treasures from indigenous peoples predating its 1518 founding, some from as far away as Guatemala. Several 17th and early 18th century pirate ships sank within Kingston Harbour and are being carefully harvested, under controlled conditions, by various teams of archaeologists. Other "digs" are staked out along various quarters and streets by different teams.[citation needed]

By 2019, a floating pier where a cruise ship could dock had been built; the first ship arrived on 20 January 2020. Tourists from a few ships (after the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have ended) might be beneficial to the town, but "there’s still much work to be done if the town will become the 'world-class heritage, environmental and cultural attraction'" according to a BBC Travel report published in September 2020.[28] Another report that month discussed the well-funded Living Heritage Programme which was seeking "to transform the town into a SMART, safe and secure community with a vibrant local economy, preserved cultural heritage and protected natural environment".[29]

IN POPULAR CULTURE

Film

1934: Port Royal is the one of the settings for the film Captain Blood, starring Errol Flynn.[30]

1942: Port Royal is the main setting for the film The Black Swan, starring Tyrone Power and George Sanders.

1953: Port Royal is the "City Beneath the Sea" in the film of that name.

2003: Port Royal has been featured as a location within Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean film series, though much of the location work for Port Royal was actually done on the island of Saint Vincent, not in Jamaica.[31]

Literature

1987: Tim Powers's historical fantasy novel On Stranger Tides describes the earthquake that nearly destroyed Port Royal in 1692 and several scenes are set in the city.

1989: James Michener's historical novel Caribbean details the history, atmosphere, and geography of Port Royal.

2009: Extensive scenes in Michael Crichton's posthumous novel Pirate Latitudes take place in Port Royal in the mid-1660s.

Tal día como hoy 7 de junio ...

2008: Comienza la Eurocopa de Fútbol de 2008 en Austria y Suiza.

1982: Se inaugura la torre de comunicaciones de Torrespaña en Madrid, más conocido como el Pirulí.

1975: Sale a la venta la videograbadora Betamax de la empresa japonesa Sony.

1968: Se produce en España el primer asesinato de la banda terrorista ETA, en el que fallece el guardia civil José Pardines.

1929: La Ciudad del Vaticano, en Roma (Italia), se convierte en un estado soberano.

1914: Se realiza la primera travesía de prueba del Canal de Panamá, en el que el transatlántico estadounidense Alliance, de 40.000 toneladas, lo cruza desde el océano Atlántico al Pacífico.

1905: Se lleva a cabo la disolución entre Noruega y Suecia, por el que Noruega se convierte en un estado soberano.

1839: Comienza la Guerra del Opio al prohibir el emperador de China el comercio de opio ante el tráfico ilegal que introducía la Compañía de Indias Orientales del imperio británico.

1692: Ocurre un terremoto y tsunami en la isla de Jamaica, a las 11:43 según quedó reflejado en un reloj de bolsillo encontrado en 1959 y que se detuvo a esa hora. Murieron más de 6.000 personas además de otros 2.000 en los meses sucesivos a causa de la peste. La ciudad de Port Royal quedó destruida.

1494: En Tordesillas, (Valladolid, España) se firma el Tratado de Tordesillas entre el reino de Castilla y Portugal, en el que una línea imaginaria situada a 370 leguas al oeste de las islas de Cabo Verde, asigna las zonas de navegación y conquista para cada país

Our Flag Means Perfume

I’ve been coping with The Horrors through obsessing over perfumes, and look what I found:

It turns out Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab has multiple pirate related perfumes, so I thought I might share them here in case they are of any interest. Maybe you want to spice up your cosplay with the scent of literal spices, or give a birthday gift to a fan, or just hoard like a dragon.

Calico Jack Perfume Oil

Sea air, driftwood, waterlogged kelp, and the memory of plundered spices sprayed over worn leathers, rough musk, and the salty wooden floorboards of the Revenge.

Anne Bonny Perfume Oil

Named in honor of the most notorious female pirate to ever set sail. Wicked, cruel, beautiful, intelligent, resourceful and dangerous: a true role model. A blend of Indonesian red patchouli, red sandalwood, and frankincense. A million thanks to Juliana Williamson-Page for inspiration!

Grog Perfume Oil

Arrr! Avast ye, matey! This be the scent of pirate rum!

Jolly Roger

Sea spray with an undercurrent of leather, Bay Rum, and salty, dry woods.

Mary Read Perfume Oil

Salt air, ocean mist, aged patchouli, sarsaparilla, watered-down rum, leather-tinged musk, and a spray of gunpowder.

Plunder Perfume Oil

The scent of a pirate’s bumboat, overflowing with stolen wares: tea leaf, cassia, cinnamon bark, clove, allspice, sandalwood, tobacco, peppercorn, and nutmeg.

Port Royal Perfume Oil

The Sodom of the New World! — touted as the richest and wickedest city in all creation! Port Royal was the center of 17th century Caribbean commerce, a notorious safe harbor for pirates, and the site of our third flagship store, which was, sadly, destroyed in the earthquake of 1692. Spiced rum and ship’s wood mixed with the body-warmed trace of a prostitute’s perfume and a hint of salty sea air on the dry-down.

Also, if you want to try something a bit more Stede Bonnety, these are apparently based on historical, high class perfumes around the relevant period.

Bess Perfume Oil

Inspired by the tragic, ill-fated love of Queen Elizabeth I and the Earl of Leicester. This is our modernization of a 17th-century perfume blend favored by British aristocracy: rosemary, orange flower, grape spirit, five rose variants, lemon peel, and mint.

Vicomte de Valmont Perfume Oil

Rake, scoundrel, demon in a frock coat. Devilishly seductive, ultimately tragic; a villain undone and redeemed by love. Based on an 18th century gentlemen’s cologne: ambergris, white musk, white sandalwood, Spanish Moss, orange blossom, three mints, jasmine, rose geranium and a spike of rosemary.

There are also a bunch of limited edition sea shanty inspired perfumes which I won’t bother linking to individually.

Fire Down Below

A collection of sea chanteys, hauling and pulling shanties, sailor’s songs, and sea chants.

Tips if you do end up buying something:

All but the Fire Down Below perfumes are “general catalogue” scents that you can buy at either full size or as a 1/32oz “Imp”. If you buy 6 or more Imp sized perfumes, you get $2.00 off.

This is a small indie perfume house that just relocated, so orders do take some time. That is to say, if you want something to arrive by Christmas, it’s too late.

You can look at more reviews in the forums. I suggest using the search bar; then look for a thread with the same title as the name of the perfume in the results.

Jamaica's Port Royal, the Wickedest Place on Earth, Sank into the Sea in 1692

Jamaica’s Port Royal, the Wickedest Place on Earth, Sank into the Sea in 1692

A map of Port Royal, Jamaica in 1692 During the 17th century, Jamaica’s Port Royal was the richest, busiest, and most nefarious port in the new Americas.  It was frequented by smugglers, pirates, prostitutes and all other unsavory types who roamed the Caribbean Sea. Feared pirates like Blackbeard, Calico Jack Rackham, and Captain Morgan attacked Spanish ships and returned with their booty. Port…

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Today in Christian History

Today is Tuesday, June 7th, the 158th day of 2022. There are 207 days left in the year.

Today’s Highlight in History:

761: During the iconoclast controversies, Byzantine Emperor Constantine V has John, the Abbot of Monagria, tied up in a sack and thrown into the sea because he refuses to trample an icon.

1048: Death of Berno of Reichenau who had done much to restore prosperity to the Lake Constance area (now in Switzerland). A scholar, he enriched the library, rebuilt the church, and wrote many treatises on music.

1066: Murder at Lentz of the warrior-prince Gottschalk by heathen who reject his attempts to Christianize them.

1683: The Concord sets sail, carrying the first German settlers (Quakers and Mennonites fleeing persecution) toward their new home in Pennsylvania.

1692: Port Royal, Jamaica, “the richest and wickedest city in the world,” is destroyed by earthquake and tsunami. Later, members of Jamaica's council will make every future anniversary a day of fasting and humiliation.

1794: Ordination of Archibald Alexander who will become a famous educator and first principal of Princeton Seminary.

1834: A little more than two weeks after their marriage, Samuel and Marie Gobat leave Germany bound for Ethiopia as missionaries. They will suffer great privations, terrible sufferings, and death of a child while crossing Egypt.

1863: Death of Franz Xaver Gruber, Austrian church organist and composer of “Silent Night” (STILLE NACHT). Gruber had written almost one hundred music compositions during his lifetime but “Silent Night” is his most famous tune.

1945: Death in Guadalcanal of Ini Kopuria, founder of an evangelistic outreach known as the Melanesian Brotherhood.

2002: American missionary Martin Burnham and Filipino nurse Ediborah Yap are killed when the Philippine military launches a raid to rescue them from Islamic radicals who have held them captive in the jungle for more than a year. Burnham’s wife Gracie is freed but suffers a gunshot wound.

#I'm concerned#the people who target the Jewish people tend to get knocked off their throne fast

This has also occurred to me. I'm not going to go around posting the verses about how if Israel returns to the LORD she'll triumph over her enemies because it could be too easily taken as preaching, but it has occurred to me. Israel, sooner or later, always turns back to the LORD, and it does not go well with her enemies when she does. I'm afraid I can't drum up too much concern for them, though.

Honestly, you didn't even need to go Biblical. I mean, I think that's where it's from, but you can just look at history. Much of the Middle East was thriving and pretty cutting edge prior to their expulsion of the Jews; Yemen's current predicament can be traced back almost explicitly to their participation in the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948. Germany targeted Jews and died really fast. During the middle ages, the various Jew hunts usually signaled an end of technological supremacy and often coincided with successful rebellions, and the flourishing of so-called Pirate Kingdoms/Republics in the Caribbean also have heavy ties to cryptojew populations; in 1691, an anti-Jewish coalition began targeting Jewish Jamaicans and 1692 was the year of the infamous earthquake that ended Port Royal as a base for piracy (ended Port Royal period, really) and piracy declined ever after. Rome suffered severely after expelling the Jewish people from Jerusalem/Palestine until they adopted Christianity, but it would never be the same Pax Romana as before they won Israel.

Some of it is natural consequences — if you chase out all your shipbuilders, of course your enemies will suddenly have really good ships that can fight you — but some of it is unrelated empire burnings. One could almost create a conspiracy theory about a secret Jewish shadow government purposely thwarting its people's violators, except there are too many events with freak weather and natural phenomena. At some point, you just accept that bashing Jews makes God angry and promise to not do it.

Kingston, Jamaica

The city of Kingston was founded after an Earthquake hit the town of Port Royal in June 1692 and destroyed most of it. The survivors moved to new homes which in due course became Kingston.

10 things you might not know about Kingston, Jamaica:

He successfully defeated the neverseen with the power of his new harness and now he is tired

[ID: A slightly blurry photo of a black and brownish cat rubbing her head while splayed out on a table. She’s laying on top of a space puzzle and displacing several pieces, some nearly pushed off the table. She’s very clearly in the way. /End ID]

i am so so proud of your dog for successfully defeating the Neverseen! And I return for the pet picture I am sharing one of my own from when Sammie decided I should stop puzzling (this puzzle is of the central area of the Milky Way) and pay attention to only her.

your pet seems much more productive than mine

How the 'wickedest city on Earth' was sunk by an earthquake

Jamaica’s Port Royal was the Caribbean’s most notorious pirate haven when it sank into the sea in 1692. Centuries later, underwater archaeologists unearthed fascinating stories from its ruins. — Read on www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/how-the-wickedest-city-on-earth-was-sunk-by-an-earthquake

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On this day in 1692 📚 Dive into history with us! 🏰✨ Discover the captivating story of Port Royal and the infamous June 7 earthquake that forever changed its landscape. 🌊🌍 Join us as we take you on a journey through time, exploring this historic town's resilience and rich heritage. 💪🇯🇲 🔍 Want to learn more? Click the link below for our in-depth article on Port Royal and the unforgettable events that shaped its destiny. 📖✨ . https://jamaicans.com/port-royal-earthquake/ #PortRoyal #JamaicanHistory #UncoverThePast

http://dlvr.it/SqJxRp

Events 6.7

421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). 879 – Pope John VIII recognizes the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. 1002 – Henry II, a cousin of Emperor Otto III, is elected and crowned King of Germany. 1099 – First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins. 1420 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patria del Friuli. 1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries. 1628 – The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law. 1654 – Louis XIV is crowned King of France. 1692 – Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured. 1776 – Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and will lead to the United States Declaration of Independence. 1788 – French Revolution: Day of the Tiles: Civilians in Grenoble toss roof tiles and various objects down upon royal troops. 1800 – David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba. 1810 – The newspaper Gazeta de Buenos Ayres is first published in Argentina. 1832 – The Great Reform Act of England and Wales receives royal assent. 1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada. 1862 – The United States and the United Kingdom agree in the Lyons–Seward Treaty to suppress the African slave trade. 1866 – One thousand eight hundred Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after looting and plundering the Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg areas of Canada East. 1880 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, the assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), ends the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign). 1892 – Homer Plessy is arrested for refusing to leave his seat in the "whites-only" car of a train; he lost the resulting court case, Plessy v. Ferguson. 1899 – American Temperance crusader Carrie Nation begins her campaign of vandalizing alcohol-serving establishments by destroying the inventory in a saloon in Kiowa, Kansas. 1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden. The vote was confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year. 1906 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania is launched from the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland. 1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines: Allied soldiers detonate a series of mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge, killing 10,000 German troops. 1919 – Sette Giugno: Nationalist riots break out in Valletta, the capital of Malta. British soldiers fire into the crowd, killing four people. 1929 – The Lateran Treaty is ratified, bringing Vatican City into existence. 1938 – The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight. 1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Nationalist government creates the 1938 Yellow River flood to halt Japanese forces. Five hundred thousand to nine hundred thousand civilians are killed. 1940 – King Haakon VII, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London. They return exactly five years later. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway ends in American victory. 1942 – World War II: Aleutian Islands Campaign: Imperial Japanese soldiers begin occupying the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska. 1944 – World War II: The steamer Danae, carrying 350 Cretan Jews and 250 Cretan partisans, is sunk without survivors off the shore of Santorini. 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy: At Ardenne Abbey, members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war. 1945 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns from exactly five years in exile during World War II. 1946 – The United Kingdom's BBC returns to broadcasting its television service, which has been off air for seven years because of World War II. 1948 – Anti-Jewish riots in Oujda and Jerada take place. 1948 – Edvard Beneš resigns as President of Czechoslovakia rather than signing the Ninth-of-May Constitution, making his nation a Communist state. 1955 – Lux Radio Theatre signs off the air permanently. The show launched in New York in 1934, and featured radio adaptations of Broadway shows and popular films. 1962 – The Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS) sets fire to the University of Algiers library building, destroying about 500,000 books. 1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States hands down its decision in Griswold v. Connecticut, prohibiting the states from criminalizing the use of contraception by married couples. 1967 – Six-Day War: Israeli soldiers enter Jerusalem. 1971 – The United States Supreme Court overturns the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1971 – The Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Division of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service raids the home of Ken Ballew for illegal possession of hand grenades. 1971 – Allegheny Airlines Flight 485 crashes on approach to Tweed New Haven Airport in New Haven, Connecticut, killing 28 of 31 aboard. 1975 – Sony launches Betamax, the first videocassette recorder format. 1977 – Five hundred million people watch the high day of the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II begin on television. 1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera. 1982 – Priscilla Presley opens Graceland to the public; the bathroom where Elvis Presley died five years earlier is kept off-limits. 1989 – Surinam Airways Flight 764 crashes on approach to Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport in Suriname because of pilot error, killing 176 of 187 aboard. 1991 – Mount Pinatubo erupts, generating an ash column 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) high. 2000 – The United Nations defines the Blue Line as the border between Israel and Lebanon. 2017 – A Myanmar Air Force Shaanxi Y-8 crashes into the Andaman Sea near Dawei, Myanmar, killing all 122 aboard.

LA NAISSANCE DE LA VIERGE Cette fête (du 8 septembre) trouve probablement ses origines en Orient, où elle est célébrée dès le VIe siècle à Constantinople. La Naissance de la Vierge de Jean Restout, 1744, l'un des peintres religieux les plus importants du XVIIIe siècle. Regardez "Messe pour le Port Royal, H. 67: Ave maris stella" sur YouTube https://youtu.be/se8UtsKFYZs Neveu et élève de Jean Jouvenet, qui lui inspire le sens de la grandeur et du sérieux de la peinture d’histoire, Jean Restout (1692-1768) fit une brillante carrière à Paris, entrant à l’Académie en 1720 puis gravissant tous les échelons de cette institution royale jusqu’à en devenir directeur, quarante ans plus tard… Il consacra l’essentiel de son œuvre à la peinture religieuse, multipliant notamment les grandes compositions dans l’esprit de Jouvenet. On sait qu’il était proche des milieux jansénistes, en un temps où les polémiques, ravivées par la bulle Unigenitus (par laquelle le pape Clément XIII, en 1713, condamnait le jansénisme), agitaient fortement les esprits... #culturejaiflash #peinturefigurative https://www.instagram.com/p/CiPmf90s8qx/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

#Repost @thisdateinpiratehistory ・・・ • 25 August • On #thisdateinpiratehistory in 1688, after a long battle with his failing health, Sir Henry Morgan succumbed to dropsy at the age of fifty-three. Sir Henry Morgan had been the most successful privateer of the Buccaneering Era, with his raids on Portobello, Maracaibo, and most famously Panama acting as the watermark upon which all other pirate raids would forever be measured. His successful actions against the Spanish would not only become legendary, but they would make him extremely wealthy. After his attack on Panama, Morgan retired from the privateering life and settled down as a wealthy landowner, purchasing several sugar plantations in Jamaica. Morgan’s steadfast loyalty to the English crown earned him the Lieutenant Governorship of Jamaica, and he was tasked with hunting down those same pirates that had accompanied him on so many of his privateering adventures. As he grew older, so too grew his penchant for entertaining his close group of friends over rum, punch, and fine Madeira wines. Indeed, Morgan settled into a life of excess, but it would be these excesses that would slowly cause his health to deteriorate. Toward the end of his life, his limbs began to swell with bloating and his belly distended until it outgrew his waistcoats. Nonetheless, Morgan continued to disregard his doctors and, although he eventually chased alternative medicines, he could no longer escape his fate. The news of Morgan’s passing swept across the Caribbean, and the Governor of Jamaica even issued a twenty-four-hour amnesty for anyone wishing to attend the funeral. Soon, ships from all over carrying grim, scar-faced men began arriving in the harbor to pay their respects to the man who had built Jamaica. Sir Henry Morgan was buried at Palisadoes Cemetery in Port Royal, accompanied by a twenty-two gun salute from the ships that were moored in the harbor. The great earthquake of 1692 sank the cemetery into the sea, and Morgan’s body has never been recovered. . . . . . #piratehistory #piratehistorypodcast #piratesofthecaribbean #buccaneers #brethrenofthecoast #captainmorgan #portroyal #jamaica #piratelife #piracy https://www.instagram.com/p/Chr1yxfLo_E/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=