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laweducation · 1 year

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अपराधशास्त्र क्या है, अपराधशास्त्र की परिभाषा एंव अपराधशास्त्र का महत्त्व

अपराधशास्त्र का परिचय - सामान्य शब्दों में ऐसा शास्त्र जिसमे सभी प्रकार के अपराधों का अध्ययन किया जाता है, उसे अपराधशास्त्र कहते है| अपराधशास्त्र में अपराध और आपराधिक व्यवहार का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन किया जाता है, जिसमें आपराधिक गतिविधि के कारण, परिणाम और रोकथाम शामिल होते है। अपराधशास्त्र में उन तत्वों का अध्ययन किया जाता है जो आपराधिक व्यवहार में योगदान करते हैं, जैसे -सामाजिक, आर्थिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक कारक और इनके साथ साथ अपराधियों की आयु, लिंग, जाति और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य स्थिति का भी अध्ययन किया जा सकता हैं। इसमें आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली के विभिन्न घटकों, जैसे कानून प्रवर्तन, अदालतों और सुधारों के साथ-साथ इन प्रणालियों को संचालित करने वाली नीतियों और प्रथाओं का अध्ययन भी शामिल है। अपराधशास्त्र का अर्थ एवं परिभाषा - अपराधशास्त्र को अंग्रेजी में 'criminology' कहा जाता है, यह दो शब्दों अपराध और शास्त्र से मिलकर बना है जिसका अर्थ है - ‘’वह शास्त्र या विज्ञान जिसके अन्तर्गत अपराध का अध्ययन किया जाता है’’। अपराध का अध्ययन ही इसका केंद्र बिन्दु होता है| विस्तृत अर्थों में अपराधशास्त्र उस विज्ञान को कहते है जिसमे, अपराध की व्याख्या, दण्ड व्यवस्था तथा अपराधियों की पुनः स्थापना का वैज्ञानिक अध्ययन होता है। डॉ. कैनी (Dr. Kenny) के अनुसार - "अपराधशास्त्र अपराध विज्ञान की वह शाखा है जो अपराध के कारणों, उनके विश्लेषण एवं अपराध निवारण से सम्बन्धित है।" सेलिन (Sellin) के अनुसार - "अपराधशास्त्र में मुख्यतः आचार सम्बन्धी आदर्शों का अध्ययन किया जाता है। आचार सम्बन्धी आदर्श एक ऐसा नियम है जो एक विशेष स्थिति वाले या विशेष समूह वाले व्यक्ति को किन्हीं परिस्थितियों में किसी विशेष प्रकार का व्यवहार करने से रोकता है। संकुचित अर्थों में - "अपराधशास्त्र वह अध्ययन है जो अपराध की व्याख्या करने और यह पता लगाने का प्रयास करता है कि व्यक्ति अपराधी कैसे बन जाता है। सेथना के अनुसार - "अपराधशास्त्र अपराध के अर्थ एवं उसके संघटक कारकों का अध्ययन है तथा अपराध के नाम पर चलने वाली वस्तु के कारणों एवं उपचारों का एक विश्लेषण है।' (M.J. Sethna, Society and the Criminal) अपराधशास्त्र का महत्त्व - (i) मानव शरीर एवं सम्पत्ति के विरुद्ध अपराध, सामाजिक और आर्थिक प्रकृति के अपराध, पर्यावरण एवं जल के प्रदूषण से सम्बन्धित अपराध, राज्य के विरुद्ध अपराध, श्रम और कारखाने की समस्याओं से सम्बन्धित अपराध आदि अपराध लोक के राजकोष पर भारी असर डालते हैं जिनका संयुक्त सर्वेक्षण से ही प्रत्येक वर्ग में व्यय धनराशि का पता लगाया जा सकता है जो अपराध समस्या के अध्ययन को आवश्यक बनाता है। (ii) अपराधशास्त्र की यह मूल धारणा है कि कोई भी व्यक्ति जन्म से अपराधी नहीं होता, लेकिन परिस्थितियों तथा सामाजिक परिवेश से व्यक्ति अपराधी हो जाता है। इसके अधीन अपराधी की मनोवृत्ति में सुधार करके उसे समाज में विधि का पालन करने वाला सामान्य नागरिक बनाने का प्रयास किया जाता है और इस हेतु वैयक्तिक दण्ड को साधन के रूप में अपनाया जाता है। (iii) अपराधशास्त्र का एक महत्त्व यह भी है कि इसके द्वारा सामाजिक सुरक्षा की सुदृढ़ता सुनिश्चित की जाती है जो असामाजिक तत्व तथा विधि का उल्लंघन करने वालों को सदाचारी बनाने में सहायक होती है| दण्ड का भय अपराधी को अपराध से दूर रखने के लिए शास्ति का कार्य करता है| (iv) इसके अध्ययन से समाजसेवा भी की जा सकती है। जैसे व्यावसायियों, जो सामाजिक सेवा करते हैं उनके लिए अपराधशास्त्र की जानकारी आवश्यक है। इसी प्रकार मजिस्ट्रेट, पुलिस, अधिवक्ता, कारागार अधिकारी, परिवीक्षा एवं पैराल अधिकारियों के लिए आवश्यक है कि उन्हें अपराध तथा आपराधिक व्यवहार से जुड़े सभी पहलुओं की पर्याप्त जानकारी हो जिससे वे अपराधियों के साथ अच्छा व्यवहार कर सके| (v) अपराधशास्त्र का उद्देश्य अपराधी के व्यवहार और उसके कारणों का अध्ययन करना है जिससे की उसमे सुधार किया जा सके तथा उन बातों या परिस्थितियों को जो व्यक्ति के आचरण को आपराधिक स्वरूप प्रदान करती हैं समाप्त किया जा सके। Read More - अपराधशास्त्र क्या है एंव अपराधशास्त्र का महत्त्व Read the full article

#Criminology #criminologyinhindi #LawNotes #lawnotesinhindi #अपराधशास्त्र #अपराधशास्त्रकामहत्त्व #अपराधशास्त्रक्याहै

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indiejones · 1 year

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INDIES TOP BOLLYWOOD ACTORS PER DECADE!

1910’s TOP 10 -

Position

Name

Known For

Anna Salunke

Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra

Bhalachandra D. Phalke

Sati Tulsi Vrinda

R. Nataraja Mudaliar

Keechaka Vadham

Dorabji Mewawala

Kangal Kedi

G.V. Sane

Valmiki

D.D. Dabke

Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra

P.G. Sane

Raja Harishchandra

Ganpat G. Shinde

Narad Sansar

Purshottam Vaidya

Shri Krishna Janma

Subramanya Naidu

Markandeya

Neelkanth

Kaliya Mardan

1920s TOP 340 -

1. .Anna Salunke 2. .Janibabu 3. .Mubarak 4. .Hiralal Dutta 5. .Lobo 6. .D.N. Potdar 7. .M. Ismail 8. .Asooji 9. .Haider Shah 10. .Master Mohan 11. .Master Vithal 12. .Ghulam Hussein 13. .Bachubabu 14. .Sakribai 15. .Prithviraj Kapoor 16. .Nripen Bose 17. .Fayma 18. .Amar Choudhury 19. .R. Budhker 20. .Chapgar 21. .Nilamani De 22. .Ardhendu Bandyopadhyay 23. .Tarak Bagchi 24. .Krishna Kumbhar 25. .Sayani Atish 26. .Yakbal 27. .Kunjalal Chakraborty 28. .Bhagwat 29. .Jamna 30. .Shankar 31. .Balabhai 32. .Kashinath Chatterjee 33. .Sorabji Kerawala 34. .V.S. Bapat 35. .Abhyankar 36. .Ghulam Qadir 37. .Ibrahim 38. .Dattopant Sohoni 39. .Baren Roy 40. .Syed Abdus Sobhan 41. .Bapurao Apte 42. .Homi Master 43. .Abdul Pahelwan 44. .Chittaranjan 45. .Ghanshyam Singh 46. .Gulzar 47. .Ghodke 48. .Sardar B. 49. .Bulbule 50. .Nawabzada Nasarullah 51. .Krishnadhan Mukherjee 52. .Atul Sen 53. .J.P. Gidwani 54. .Saqi 55. .Aziz 56. .Bhumen Roy 57. .Tulsi Bandyopadhyay 58. .Dave 59. .P.N. Varne 60. .Leslie 61. .Kantibhushan Bandyopadhyay 62. .Faruki 63. .Jal Balsara 64. .Tinkari Chakraborty 65. .Siraj 66. .Jal Merchant 67. .Puneger Bapeji 68. .Nooman 69. .Faredoon 70. .Prova 71. .Mohanlala 72. .Y.L. Chichulkar 73. .Shashimukhi 74. .Shanker Narmada 75. .A.R. Kardar 76. .Raja Sandow 77. .Amitav Ghosh 78. .Ramesh Niranjan 79. .Joy Narayan Mukherjee 80. .Abdul Rehman Kabuli 81. .Gopalchandra Bhattacharya 82. .Bidkar 83. .Surendranath Ghosh 84. .Vishnupant Pagnis 85. .Bankim Dutta 86. .Baburao Pendharkar 87. .Thatte 88. .Dhansukhlal Mehta 89. .Light Alias 90. .Anant Apte 91. .Kanjibhai Rathod 92. .Moni Burma 93. .Umar 94. .Abdul Razaq 95. .Anant Khule 96. .S. Nazir 97. .G.R. John 98. .Kisan Lal 99. .Khan 100. .Jadhavrao 101. .M. Hussein 102. .Baburao Gade 103. .Damuanna Joshi 104. .Kankabati 105. .Y.V. Rao 106. .Elizer 107. .Dilip Raiji 108. .Fram Sethna 109. .Wadilal 110. .Ahi Sanyal 111. .Dhirendranath Ganguly 112. .Chittaranjan Goswami 113. .Master Rehman 114. .Zunzharrao Pawar 115. .Bhagwati Mishra 116. .Tukaram Mandhere 117. .Sailen Chowdhury 118. .Himmat 119. .Durgadas Bandyopadhyay 120. .Anil Kumar 121. .Tayeb 122. .Charu Roy 123. .Suresh 124. .Master Bachu 125. .Kalipada Das 126. .Ram Kishore 127. .Nandram 128. .Noor Mohammad Charlie 129. .Tulsi Banerjee 130. .Boman Shroff 131. .Alibux 132. .Das 133. .B.K. Mistry 134. .T.P. Kailasam 135. .Ghori 136. .Jai Kishan Nanda 137. .Inamdar 138. .Lala Bijoykishen 139. .Nimai 140. .Hasam 141. .Krishnaji Ghanekar 142. .S. Bhopatkar 143. .Nanda Babu 144. .Nandrekar 145. .Himanshu Rai 146. .Bhanu Banerjee Sr 147. .S.B. Rajhans 148. .Master Bhagaban Das 149. .Jhadhavrao 150. .Khanderao Kondke 151. .Vijay Kumar 152. .Danibabu 153. .Ata Mohamed 154. .W.M. Khan 155. .Gangaram 156. .Nayampally 157. .Shankarrao Bhute 158. .Jairam Desai 159. .Dabir 160. .Baburao Sansare 161. .Dattoba Rajwade 162. .Atul Gangopadhyay 163. .Prafulla 164. .Kali Prasad Ghose 165. .Lalu Bose 166. .Suryakant 167. .Bapuji Punegar 168. .Sundarrao Nadkarni 169. .Hiralal 170. .Navinchandra 171. .Rustom Irani 172. .Harihar Diwana 173. .Tarakumar Bhaduri 174. .Nimai 175. .Sawan Singh 176. .Zaverbhai Kaiser 177. .Dinshaw Bilimoria 178. .Thomas 179. .Mazhar Khan 180. .Behram Vasania 181. .K. C. Roy 182. .Marathe 183. .Jagtap Jr 184. .Manoranjan Bhattacharya 185. .J.C. Daniel 186. .Diwan Sharar 187. .Phani Burma 188. .Athavle 189. .Gani Babu 190. .Sultan Alam 191. .Haridas 192. .Madanlal Vakil 193. .Amboo 194. .K.P.Bhave 195. .Faram 196. .Vishnu 197. .Deben Mullick 198. .Keshavlal 199. .H. Dhodke 200. .Kedar Chatterjee 201. .Mohammad Ishaq 202. .Balasaheb Yadav 203. .Bandopant Sohoni 204. .Balahai 205. .P.R. Joshi 206. .Padval 207. .E. Bilimoria 208. .Satyen 209. .Jaynarayan Mukherjee 210. .Baburao Shinde 211. .Surajram 212. .Kanaknarayan Bhup 213. .Kukreja 214. .Manmatha Pal 215. .Aundhkar 216. .Baburao Datar 217. .Nirmalendu Lahiri 218. .Saiyed Umer 219. .Funniman 220. .Rustomji Patel 221. .Imtiaz Ali Taj 222. .Kshirsagar 223. .Nimbalkar 224. .Nanubhai 225. .Bachhuram 226. .Pandurang Varne 227. .Sushil Ghosh 228. .Sitarampant Joshi 229. .Phatak 230. .Salvi 231. .Trymbakrao Pradhan 232. .Madhav Malasure 233. .Siddimiya 234. .Tatyaba Shelar 235. .Jiban Gangopadhyay 236. .B.S. Rajhans 237. .Bishwanath Bhaduri 238. .Vasant Shinde 239. .Kanu Bannerjee 240. .R.N.Vaidya 241. .Sooraj Ram 242. .Jamshedji Khansaheb 243. .Durgadas Banerjee 244. .Premankur Atorthy 245. .Ganpatrao Bakre 246. .Maneklal Patel 247. .Limaye 248. .Dighe 249. .Ravji Mhaskar 250. .Dwarkadas Sampat 251. .Dhanji 252. .La Tosca 253. .A.K. Chakraborty 254. .Ravi Bhaskar 255. .Ahindra Choudhury 256. .K. G. Gokhale 257. .Madhav Khaire 258. .Bal Gangar 259. .Anand Shinde 260. .Vasantrao Deshpande 261. .Prabhashankar 262. .Gatubhai Vaidya 263. .Yakub 264. .G. R. Mane 265. .Nizam 266. .Chavan 267. .K. B. Athavale 268. .V. Shantaram 269. .M. Udwadia 270. .Nagendra Majumdar 271. .Bachoba 272. .Takle 273. .J. Makhijani 274. .Yusuf Effendi 275. .Madhusudan 276. .Dinesh Ranjan Das 277. .Lalya Gokhale 278. .Vithaldas Panchotia 279. .Prabodh Bose 280. .Himmatlal 281. .Dinkar 282. .Samson 283. .Mehboob Khan 284. .Kartik Dey 285. .M. Manilal 286. .Bhaurao Datar 287. .Nimbalkar 288. .Bapu Gokhale 289. .V. Y. Datar 290. .Putli Baba Vyas 291. .Brojendra Sirkar 292. .Naresh Mitra 293. .Wamanrao Kulkarni 294. .Keshav Narayan Kale 295. .Rajababu 296. .A. P. Kapoor 297. .Bhonsle 298. .Joshi 299. .Bachu Pawar 300. .Jal Khambatta 301. .Sakharam Jadhav 302. .Dada Pendse 303. .Jardos 304. .Laxman Malusare 305. .Kishabapu Bakre 306. .K. Dhaiber 307. .Shankarrao Bute 308. .Krishna Chauhan 309. .Sahadev 310. .Dattopant Sakte 311. .Sajjad 312. .Angelo Ferrari 313. .Bruto Castellani 314. .Bhagaban Das 315. .Keki Adajania 316. .Khorshedji Bilimoria 317. .Manchersha Chapgar 318. .Eugenio de Liguero 319. .Khorshedji Engineer 320. .Master Bubla 321. .Isaac Simon 322. .James Magarth 323. .Aga Hashr Kashmiri 324. .Jashodna Singh 325. .Cawasji Golla 326. .Ardeshir Sanjana 327. .Mr. Palwan 328. .Master Revla 329. .Pestonji Madan 330. .Ardeshir Sanjana 331. .H.B. Waring 332. .Dot Foy 333. .Chales Reed 334. .Ezra Mir 335. .Satyendranath Dey 336. .Dhiraj Bhattacharya 337. .Amritlal Bose 338. .Prafulla Roy 339. .Chani Dutta 340. .Pandit Tulsidutt Shaida 341. .Moman Behram

1930s TOP 100 –

1. .K.L. Saigal 2. .P.C. Barua 3. .Nazir 4. .Motilal 5. .Master Vithal 6. .Dinshaw Billimoria 7. .Master Nissar 8. .Gajanan Jagirdar 9. .Ramanand Sharma 10. .Vishnupant Pagnis 11. .K.C. Dey 12. .Paidi Jairaj 13. .Prithviraj Kapoor 14. .Jayant 15. .Chandramohan 16. .Sohrab Modi 17. .Ashok Kumar 18. .Surendra 19. .Gope 20. .Sunder 21. .Nana Palsikar 22. .Mazhar Khan 23. .Salvi 24. .Ganpat Bakre 25. .Nanasaheb Phatak 26. .Keshavrao Date 27. .Kartik Dey 28. .V. Shantaram 29. .Chhudekar 30. .Samson 31. .Noor Mohammad Charlie 32. .Badri Prasad 33. .Naresh Mitra 34. .Wasti 35. .Pahari Sanyal 36. .Prem Adib 37. .Hari Shivdasani 38. .Nandram 39. .Zhunzharrao Pawar 40. .Dhiraj Bhattacharya 41. .Mubarak 42. .Sardar B. 43. .Shiraz 44. .Lala Yaqub / Yakub 45. .Vasantrao Pehalwan 46. .Agha 47. .Trilok Kapoor 48. .E. Billimoria 49. .Elizer 50. .Navinchandra 51. .Ishwarlal 52. .Amar Choudhury 53. .P.F. Pithawala 54. .Maruti Rao 55. .Hiralal 56. .Kashar Butt 57. .Bhanu Bannerjee 58. .Chandrarao Kadam 59. .Sankatha Prasad 60. .Inamdar 61. .M.V. Raju 62. .Atul Sen 63. .Prakash Mani 64. .Gul Hamid 65. .Manilal 66. .Nazir Bedi 67. .Fazlu 68. .Samar Ghosh 69. .Jagdish Sethi 70. .Mansur 71. .Ali Bux 72. .Lobo 73. .Keki Adjania 74. .Sayani Atish 75. .Kanhaiyalal 76. .Jamshedji 77. .Jaynarayan Mukhopadhyay 78. .Bhagwan 79. .Pankaj Mullick 80. .Mehboob Khan 81. .Baburao Gade 82. .Rafiq Ghaznavi 83. .Krishna Kumbhar 84. .Thomas 85. .Bhagwat 86. .Bhudo Advani 87. .Madanrai Vakil 88. .Sadiq Nawab 89. .Bimal Dasgupta 90. .Shahu Modak 91. .Chaman Puri 92. .Madhukar Gupte 93. .Damuanna Malvankar 94. .Debaki Bose 95. .Bhagwandas 96. .Bapurao apte 97. .J.P. Gidwani 98. .Nawab 99. .Zaverbhai 100. .Suresh

1940s TOP 50-

Position

Name

Known For

K.L. Saigal

Shahjehan

Jayant

State Express

Gajanan Jagirdar

Ramshastri

Karan Dewan

Bahar

Shyam

Albela

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

Prem Adib

Anokhi Ada

Nissar

Kisan Kanya

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

Surendra

World War Z

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Kishore Sahu

Mayurpankh

Dixit

Basant

Shyam Sunder

Dholak

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

Rhada Blank

L. Narayan Rao

Chandralekha

Sohrab Modi

Mirza Ghalib

D.K. Sapru

Pakeezah

Manher Desai

Sati Naag Kanya

Master Vithal

Zalim Jawani

V.H. Desai

Andaz

Ashiq Hussain

Neel Kamal

Aftab

Husn Ka Chor

M. Esmail

Husn Ka Daku

Ghulam Rasool

Bulbule Baghdad

David Abraham

Yakeen

Ghulam Mohammed

Anokhi Ada

Sheikh Mukhtar

Do Ustad

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

John Cawas

Zimbo Ka Beta

Musa

Paresh Bandyopadhyay

Alakananda

Benjamin

Speed Queen

Omkar

Do Roti

Ram Kumar

Kishore Kumar

Sholay

Subba Rao G.V.

Dil Aur Deewaar

Swaraj Kumar Gupta

Insaaf

Romeo

Sadiq

Do Ustad

Chandra Mohan

Amrit Manthan

Chandrakant Gokhale

Love and Murder

S. Ahmed

Do Auraten

Baburao

Sarovarani Sundary

Nehal Sharma

Shiv Dayal Batish

Arzoo

Pramod Chandra

Banjarey

Ramesh Thakur

Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja

Prithviraj Kapoor

Mughal-E-Azam

Shivraj

Devdas

Anil Kumar

Ata Mohammed

Shaitani Chakkar

Asit Sen

Safar

Jeevan Lal

Banjarey

1950s TOP 10 -

Position

Name

Known For

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

Shyam

Albela

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

Abhi Bhattacharya

Jagriti

Guru Dutt

Pyaasa

Mahipal

Sampoorna Ramayana

1960s TOP 30 -

Position

Name

Known For

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

Dharmendra

Sholay

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

Prithviraj Kapoor

Mughal-E-Azam

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

Guru Dutt

Pyaasa

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

Mehmood

Do Phool

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

Pran Sikand

Zanjeer

Biswajeet Chatterjee

Do Dil

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

Sailesh Kumar

Charas

Sajjan

Kabuliwala

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

Sheikh Mukhtar

Do Ustad

Dara Singh Randhawa

Kal Ho Naa Ho

1970s TOP 110-

Position

Name

Known For

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

Dharmendra

Sholay

Sachin

Sholay

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Govardhan Asrani

Bodyguard

Rajendranath Malhotra

The Train

Mehmood

Do Phool

Vijay Arora

Jeevan Jyoti

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

Johnny Walker

Anand

Satyendra Kapoor

Sholay

Sudhir Dalvi

Gandhi

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

Amjad Khan

Sholay

Asit Kumar Sen

Anand

Kanhaiyalal Chaturvedi

Amber

Anwar Hussain

Sachaai

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

Jagdeep

Andaz Apna Apna

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

Vijay Anand

Guide

Raza Murad

Padmaavat

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

Murad

Anokhi Ada

Joy Mukherjee

Humsaya

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

Iftekhar

Don

Mehmood Jr.

Karmyog

Ramesh Deo

Anand

Vinod Mehra

Jurm Aur Sazaa

Utpal Dutt

Agantuk

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

Parikshit Sahni

Sultan

Partap Sharma

Nehru: The Jewel of India

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

Deb Mukherjee

Karate

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

Sanjay Khan

1857 Kranti

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

Kishore Kumar

Sholay

Abhi Bhattacharya

Jagriti

D.K. Sapru

Pakeezah

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

Suresh Oberoi

Kabir Singh

Manher Desai

Sati Naag Kanya

Amol Palekar

Daayraa

O.P. Ralhan

Hulchul

Rakesh Pandey

Devdas

Jalal Agha

Sholay

Rehman Khan

Taj Mahal

Tarun Bose

Jaal

Kiran Kumar

Chalaak

Anil Pandya

Maya Darpan

Dhumal

Ankhen

Shekhar Chatterjee

Marjina Abdulla

Nisar Ahmad Ansari

Wahan Ke Log

Ravi Khanna

Baaz

Swarup Dutt

Manavata

Wasti

Saat Sawal Yane Haatim Tai

Ravindra Kapoor

Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

Tariq

Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

Nawab

Gunga Jumna

Moolchand

Namak Halaal

Sameer Khan

Andhera

Agha

Amber

Dilip Dutt

Guide

Habib

Sholay

Bipin Gupta

Nimai Sanyasi

Raj Mehra

Sharada

Hiralal

Zindagi

Dev Kishan

Anand

Satyajeet Puri

Jai Radhe Krishna

Rashid Khan

Teesri Manzil

Jagdish Raj

Ilzam

Kamal Kapoor

Don

Ratan Chopra

Mome Ki Gudiya

Samit Bhanja

Ora Charjan

Jankidas

Mayurpankh

Ram Sethi

V. Gopal

Victoria No. 203

Tarun Ghosh

Chor Machaye Shor

Brahm Bhardwaj

Anand

Surendra Kumar

Suddha

Ram Avtar

Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon

Nasir Hussain

Devdas

Sunder

Chaudhary Karnail Singh

Naval Kumar

Saat Sawal Yane Haatim Tai

Sujit Kumar

Barood

Shreeram Lagoo

Gharaonda

Dara Singh Randhawa

Kal Ho Naa Ho

100

Girish Karnad

Ondanondu Kaladalli

101

Mahendra Sandhu

Kaun Kitney Pani Mein

102

Ashish Kumar

Raja Harishchandrra

103

Satish Kaul

Janam Janam

104

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

105

Gemini Ganesan

Naan Avanillai

106

Krishna

Singhasan

107

Shiv Kumar

Lallu Ram

108

David Abraham

Yakeen

109

M.G. Ramachandran

Kudiyiruntha Koyil

1980s TOP 80 -

Position

Name

Known For

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

Dharmendra

Sholay

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Govinda

Holiday

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

Sachin

Sholay

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

Mithun Chakraborty

The Tashkent Files

Om Puri

East Is East

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

Mehmood

Do Phool

Govardhan Asrani

Bodyguard

Ravi Baswani

Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

Deven Verma

Andaz Apna Apna

Kanhaiyalal Chaturvedi

Amber

Shreeram Lagoo

Gharaonda

Vijay Arora

Jeevan Jyoti

Rehman Khan

Taj Mahal

Rakesh Roshan

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

Arun Govil

Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama

Marc Zuber

Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves

Raj Babbar

Bodyguard

Om Shivpuri

Sholay

Kulbhushan Kharbanda

Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India

Suresh Oberoi

Kabir Singh

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

Nana Patekar

Krantiveer

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

Rakesh Bedi

Uri: The Surgical Strike

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

Deepak Parashar

Nishant

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

Rajeev Kapoor

PremGranth

Vijayendra Ghatge

Devdas

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

Satyendra Kapoor

Sholay

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

Satish Shah

Main Hoon Na

Pran Sikand

Zanjeer

Amjad Khan

Sholay

Amol Palekar

Daayraa

Vinod Mehra

Jurm Aur Sazaa

Master Ravi

The Far Pavilions

Jackie Shroff

Devdas

Biswajeet Chatterjee

Do Dil

Pankaj Kapur

Maqbool

Aditya Pancholi

Bodyguard

Rohan Kapoor

Kranti

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

Utpal Dutt

Agantuk

Raj Kiran

Karz

Shafi Inamdar

Hum Dono

Amrish Puri

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

Navin Nischol

Zorro

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

Laxmikant Berde

Maine Pyar Kiya

Ashok Saraf

Karan Arjun

Kumar Gaurav

Kaante

Anil Kapoor

Slumdog Millionaire

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

Salman Khan

Sultan

I.S. Johar

Death on the Nile

Mahesh Kothare

Zabardast

C.S. Dubey

Kismet Palat Ke Dekh

Vikram Gokhale

Bhool Bhulaiyaa

1990s TOP 50 -

Position

Name

Known For

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

Govinda

Holiday

Dharmendra

Sholay

Vivek Mushran

Tamasha

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Ayub Khan

Uttaran

Om Puri

East Is East

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

Avinash Wadhawan

Ghar Aaya Mera Pardesi

Nana Patekar

Krantiveer

Arvind Swami

Thani Oruvan

Bobby Deol

Aashram

Salman Khan

Sultan

Raj Babbar

Bodyguard

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

Mamik Singh

Ssshhhh... Koi Hai

Sudesh Berry

Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo

Siddharth

Baazigar

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

Suniel Shetty

Main Hoon Na

Chandrachur Singh

Josh

Johny Lever

Awara Paagal Deewana

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

Fardeen Khan

No Entry

Anil Kapoor

Slumdog Millionaire

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

Paresh Rawal

Hera Pheri

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

Satish Kaushik

Tere Naam

Shah Rukh Khan

Don 2

Kader Khan

Taqdeerwala

Ajay Devgn

Shivaay

Anupam Kher

Hotel Mumbai

Rahul Roy

Junoon

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

Rakesh Roshan

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

Jackie Shroff

Devdas

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

Sharad S. Kapoor

Josh

J.D. Chakravarthi

Satya

Akshay Kumar

Hera Pheri

Shakti Kapoor

Andaz Apna Apna

Amrish Puri

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

Apurva Agnihotri

Pardes

Nirmal Pandey

Bandit Queen

Vikas Bhalla

Son of Sardaar

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

2000s TOP 45 -

Position

Name

Known For

Govinda

Holiday

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

John Abraham

Dhoom

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

Fardeen Khan

No Entry

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

Om Puri

East Is East

Sharman Joshi

3 Idiots

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

Karann Nathh

Dil Tera Aashiq

Parzaan Dastur

Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

Jaaved Jaaferi

Salaam Namaste

Yashpal Sharma

Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India

Abhimanyu Singh

Gulaal

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

Ajay Jadeja

Khel

Arshad Warsi

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Satish Shah

Main Hoon Na

Jawed Sheikh

Na Maloom Afraad

Rahul Singh

Delhi Belly

Razak Khan

Hera Pheri

Madhavan

Vikram Vedha

Vinay Pathak

Bheja Fry

Raj Singh Chaudhary

Thar

Arunoday Singh

Apharan

Neeraj Vora

Hera Pheri

Rajeev Khandelwal

Aamir

Salman Khan

Sultan

Shah Rukh Khan

Don 2

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

Vivek Oberoi

Company

Hrithik Roshan

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

Anupam Kher

Hotel Mumbai

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Suresh Menon

Fanaa

Shiney Ahuja

Bhool Bhulaiyaa

Nassar

BÃ£hubali 2: The Conclusion

Shiv Panditt

Shershaah

Harman Baweja

What's Your Raashee?

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

2010s TOP 30 -

Position

Name

Known For

John Abraham

Dhoom

Arshad Warsi

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Madhavan

Vikram Vedha

Adil Hussain

Life of Pi

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

Vinay Pathak

Bheja Fry

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

Salman Khan

Sultan

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

Rajeev Khandelwal

Aamir

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

Jaaved Jaaferi

Salaam Namaste

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

Partho A. Gupte

Jasmine Stung

Victor Banerjee

A Passage to India

Rituparno Ghosh

Dahan

Sharman Joshi

3 Idiots

Barun Sobti

Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon

Avinash Tiwary

Laila Majnu

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

Prabhas

BÃ£hubali: The Beginning

Raj Singh Chaudhary

Thar

Kay Kay Menon

Haider

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infantisimo · 1 year

Text

All in the Details: ‘Ponytail Gopi’ and His Annual Party at the Kodai Club Badminton Court

1990s, Kodaikanal

As far as Christmases go in Kodaikanal the only one of note was the party organised by Gopi. Ponytail Gopi as he was known, was a charismatic chap; a chef in his own right and someone with a flair for the elaborate. His party at the Badminton Court was quite an extraordinary effort and thoroughly enjoyable. It was a sit-down affair. Dixie Prince and I were in charge of just one thing: Serviettes! Not knowing what to do, we went to Margaret Sekhran and she lent us a book.

Well, the serviettes had to be starched, to begin with. Then the book proceeded to illustrate how they were to be folded. These operations varied with the nature of the artist’s intentions: from producing a peeled banana, there were detailed descriptions on how to make a swan. There were drawings, with complete instructions, of cut and sculpted pineapples and some floral stuff, that resembled pansies, were on offer too.

It was great fun. My clumsy fingers were all over the place but Dixie sweetly helped out and we soon got a respectable table going, full of different servette designs. Very fashionable indeed!

Dinner was served in stages; the food, drink and ambience nothing short of par excellence. I forget what the dessert was but it was undoubtedly something exotic. That was by far and away the best Christmas dinner I have had in Kodaikanal. There were one or two at the golf club but those were more spirited affairs and I doubt anybody remembers the food. Personally, I don’t think there was any…

Otherwise, it was either lunch or dinner in people’s houses and one extravaganza on my estate in Pethuparai. That ended quite wildly at Peggy Rustomji’s place, where her son, Reshad, had insisted we end Christmas day. There were no bison to contend with then and the few elephants that made occasional forays in the area prudently left us alone.

Despite all the derring-do of Santa’s past, the one I remember best is my first memory of Christmas.

Brandy, Pachyderms and a Pile of Dung: Santa at the Annamalai Club

Valparai, 1973

It was the day of the annual Christmas party in Valparai. Dr Benjamin was slated to be Santa Claus. The president of the Annamalai Club, GP Reddy, was elated; Dr Benjamin, a well-rounded gentleman, would make the perfect Father Christmas. It was a beautiful evening and planters were playing tennis and golf under a sky that heralded the end of the monsoon.

At the last instant, however, Dr Benjamin called the president to say he couldn’t take on the main role as he had a stomach ache. Playing Santa in front of forty or so kids of assorted ages is a daunting task. Who would volunteer to be Santa at the last minute? The beleaguered president rushed around in a frenzy. As further inducement, a bottle of brandy was offered. Still, there didn’t seem to be any candidates.

Finally, he induced one of the golfers, in the last throes of a bad round, to quit the game. The brandy was sufficient temptation, and, with the help of two fellow golfers, the new Santa demolished the bottle. Santa, who was Aban Sethna’s cousin, was dressed and ready–traditional red robes, white whiskers flowing down to the chest and coming to rest over a large pillow strapped under the garment–when Santa began to raise a request.

‘I didn’t get my full share of the brandy,’ stated the worthy, saying that he wasn’t going to be Santa under these circumstances.

The flabbergasted president, who incidentally was the doppelganger of Omar Sharif, protested loudly—but as the would-be Santa had started disrobing, he immediately sent for another bottle of the much-desired amber fluid.

Fully sated, Santa left the changing room at last, making his way across the cricket pitch with his friends. A slanting sun silhouetted a large object looming on the mud road to the Masonic Lodge. A horrified Santa found himself suddenly confronted by a huge elephant. Moreover, it had a chair strapped to its back!

By then a crowd from Valparai town had assembled around the elephant: kids gesticulated and squealed in delight, while a slender mahout tried to keep them at bay with a series of yells and threatening gestures.

Realising that Santa was never going to mount the pachyderm on his own steam, the villagers got together. Lifting the flummoxed Santa, they pushed him onto the chair atop the elephant. Nobody knows whose fault it was, but the chair hadn’t been fastened properly and flipped over to the other side, taking Santa with it.

Lying sprawled on his belly, rocking on the pillow stuffed under his belt, Santa couldn’t even utter a curse. The wind blown from his sails, he was hoisted, once again, atop the towering beast.

They had miscalculated yet again. Santa found himself astride the coarse hair that sticks out from an elephant’s back. It was like riding a porcupine! Before he could protest, the elephant began its interminable journey (all of 500 yards) to the club house above.

But the surfeit of alcohol had finally kicked in. A weary and battered Santa put his elbows on the backrest of the chair, and fell asleep to the swaying gait of the elephant. , insisting that he wouldn’t get off the elephant at the entrance of the club. There was pandemonium as the elephant entered the club and, annoyed at the treatment being meted out, discharged a voluminous quantity of steaming dung.

The kids insisted this was the best Christmas ever and, after the presents were distributed, Santa was the life of the party!

A few years later, in the coffee belt of South Coorg, the same Santa, now acknowledged as Saint Nick himself, was called to perform above and beyond the call of duty. There was no elephant this time and the committee of Coorg ladies and gentlemen decided that Santa would make his appearance on roller skates. Well, I suppose everyone is entitled to surmise how that ended!

A Quiet Christmas

Circa 1949, Darjeeling

By the time the bells of St. Andrews struck four times, it was dark. There weren’t too many people in the town square, making it look even bigger than usual. It was bitterly cold too. Overcoats, scarves, gloves and felt hats made it difficult to recognise anyone: they looked huge in the pullovers and cardigans used as extra padding.

St Andrews overlooked Victoria Park, which is now a large building for political use. On the other side it towers over The Gymkhana Club which, in turn, overlooks the Government House, used by the Governor of Bengal during the summer months. The Capitol Theatre and St. Andrews church, at opposite ends of the town, are iconic buildings, recognised by anyone who has visited Darjeeling.

I was very young at the time but the Planters, who were mostly British then, were the dominant socialites. The Planter’s Club was the place to be for social recognition and, the Gymkhana Club, for the Queen’s birthday dance.

Of course, the Gymkhana Club did more than host the Queens dinner and dance party. It had tennis courts and a skating rink the size of two tennis courts. The wooden flooring was Burma Teak and made for a wonderful surface for roller skates to glide over. It was the destination for the hoi polloi. The skating rink housed a bandstand where waltzes, tangoes and foxtrots were played and skaters would circle the floor in tune to the music. Those days Georgie Banks (Louis Bank’s father) would switch between the clarinet and the trumpet even as old man Coutinho sawed away at the violin. The drums were the domain of Mr. Wilson.

I still remember Edgar Cleaver playing the accordion through the early and mid-nineteen fifties.

My mother never spent Christmas in Kodai. It was too quiet for her! She was the life and soul of parties at home in Darjeeling and later at the Coonoor Club, playing the piano, singing, and dancing… she was an excellent dancer.

Tonight, there was no discernible breeze. Yet the cold, coming off the mountain range, chilled one to the marrow. Some folks were busy scratching their noses, fingers, and other assorted extremities in an attempt to ward off the bane of winter; literally doing St. Vitus’ dance to get temporary relief from itchy Chilblains!

Every alternate year the skies chose to remain overcast. It wasn’t as bitterly cold then, under an overcast sky but, as it turned completely dark, snow started falling. It was never very heavy. Tiny flakes floated down, each with its own distinctive design, until a sudden flurry turned everything pristine white.

Crunching through the white carpet, holding my mother’s hand, I was excited. Muriel Ray had invited us for Christmas dinner and my mother was on a last-minute mission to buy presents. Some shops were open and Habib Mallik, on Chowrasta square, was the destination.

It was warm inside. Fur coats and an assortment of warm garments, hanging from the ceiling, left a musty smell within the confines. Trinkets from Tibet were displayed on large tables and collapsible walnut tables, carved intricately, from Kashmir took pride of place. There were thick Tibetan carpets covering the walls, with a multitude of designs and there was even a hookah in a far corner. I think it was for sale.

With an experienced eye, my mother took in all the wares on offer. I wasn’t aware of what she finally settled on because a large foldable knife had caught my attention. With all the curiosity of a four-year-old, I stared at this wonderful invention, wondering what marvellous things I could do with it. Before I could ask her to buy it for me, she had finished her purchases and dragged me out of the shop.

The disappointment was soon forgotten. Snow was still falling and, in the silence, faint Christmas Carrols came from a rag-tag bunch of school children. A girl in front carried a hurricane lantern and six or seven behind joined her to sing “Ave Maria” softly into the night. There was nothing rag-tag about their singing; it sounded as though the angels were amongst us.

We passed other groups on our way home. In the dark, trampling over a carpet of snow, the enchantment of hearing “Silent Night” was certainly the nearest thing to heaven I had ever experienced… and my mother opened her lips, her beautiful voice floating over the whitened earth… and I thought I was in heaven.

At the entrance to our doorway another group awaited our arrival. As soon as they saw us they burst out with ‘Happy Birthday’. I clutched my mother’s hand tighter. She was twenty-eight years old that Christmas day. To me, she was very old and I was afraid I wouldn’t have her with me much longer. Intuitively, my mother turned to me and told me to hurry and get ready for the evening party.

The nightmare of mortality wiped away, we arrived at the huge hacienda that housed Muriel and her daughter Jennifer. The extensive lawn had turned white, and the tiny pond in the centre, frozen solid. In the years to follow that Christmas of 1949, I was to become familiar with the hacienda. After the Ray’s left, it housed the Plant family from Burma, before being converted into a communist commune!

The sitting room was large and there was a roaring fire, which did more to light up the room than the dim electric bulbs overhead. There was an entire goose, still steaming, on the table and a white swan hanging from the rafters. It was enough to give me goosebumps. Turning to my father, I pointed to it and he said it was a ‘khoya bag’, which didn’t make any sense to me at the time.

After the goose was carved, the stuffing attacked and all the crackling chewed, aunt Muriel pulled a cord from under the overhead swan. As the belly ripped, confetti drizzled all over the dining table. There was an occasional thud and my parents reached out to discover what surprise they held. I got into the act and quickly discovered a tiny car. It was a model of a Hillman Minx.

It had two doors which opened. Inside there were seats, a steering wheel and a dashboard. Dad looked at it and told me it was an expensive Dinky Toy. I treasured it for many years. I was drowsy by then and fell asleep. I don’t remember how I got home but was told later that dad had carried me back.

My dreams of delicious marzipan, English toffees and Dundee bread were interrupted when I remembered Jenny kissing me and wishing me a Merry Christmas. I awoke rubbing my cheek. After all, which four-year-old wants to be kissed, Christmas or no Christmas!

She had also added, “this is specially for your mother’s birthday.” My mother was a Christmas baby and this was the first of many, many Christmas memories I have. It was a very special one indeed.

#christmas

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