MILAN (AP) — Amanda Knox faces another trial for slander this week in Italy in a case that could remove the last legal stain against her, nine years after Italy’s highest court threw out her conviction for the murder of her 21-year-old British roommate.
Knox, who was a 20-year-old student when she was accused along with her then-boyfriend of murdering Meredith Kercher in 2007, has built a life back in the United States as an advocate, writer, podcaster and producer — with much of her work drawing on her experience.
Now 36 and the mother of two small children, Knox campaigns for criminal justice reform and to raise awareness about forced confessions. She has recorded a series on resilience for a meditation app and has a podcast with her husband, Christopher Robinson, and an upcoming limited series on her struggles within the Italian legal system for Hulu that has Monica Lewinsky as an executive producer.
Despite a definitive ruling by Italy’s Cassation Court in 2015 that Knox and then-boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito did not commit the crime, and the conviction of another man whose DNA was at the scene, doubts persist about Knox’s role with the victim’s family and the man she wrongly accused.
That is largely due to the slander conviction for wrongly accusing a Congolese bar owner in the killing, which was confirmed by the highest court in 2015. That conviction was only thrown out last November, based on a European Court of Human Rights ruling that found Knox’s rights had been violated in a long night of questioning without a lawyer and official translator.
Even now, Knox isn’t sure that a not guilty verdict in the new trial, which opens Wednesday in Florence, will persuade her detractors.
“On the one hand, I am glad I have this chance to clear my name, and hopefully that will take away the stigma that I have been living with,’’ Knox, who did not respond to an interview request, said on her podcast Labyrinths in December.
“On the other hand, I don’t know if it ever will, in the way I am still traumatized by it,” she said. “I am sure people will still hold it against me because they don’t want to understand what happened, and they don’t want to accept that an innocent person can be gaslit and coerced into what I went through.”
Knox said on her podcast that she expects to testify, but her lawyer said she is not expected in court for opening day.
The Kercher family lawyer, Francesco Maresca, said the high court’s exoneration did little in his mind to dispel doubts following Knox’s conviction by a trial court and two appeals courts, the first confirming her sentence of 26 years and the second raising it to 28 ½ years.
“This trial never ends,’’ Maresca told The Associated Press, obscuring “the memory of poor Meredith, who is always remembered for these procedural aspects and not as a student and young woman.”
Among his doubts, Maresca cited Knox’s confused retraction of her accusation against Patrick Lumumba, the owner of the bar where she worked part-time, and the verdict in Rudy Guede’s conviction for killing Kercher that maintains that the Ivorian man did not act alone.
Now 36, Guede was released from prison in 2021 after serving 13 years of a 16-year term handed down in a fast-track trial. Guede was recently ordered to wear a monitoring bracelet and not leave his home at night after an ex-girlfriend accused him of physical and sexual abuse. An investigation is ongoing.
Knox’s new trial will admit just one piece of evidence: her four-page handwritten statement that the court will examine to see if it contains elements to support slander against Lumumba. Despite having an ironclad alibi, he was held in jail for some two weeks before police released him. Lumumba has since left Italy.
Two earlier statements typed up by police that Knox signed in the early hours of Nov. 6, 2007 that contained the accusation, and were considered the most incriminating, have been ruled inadmissible by Italy’s highest court.
The four-page letter, which she wrote in the same 53-hour span of questioning over four days starting Nov. 5, reflects someone in a state of confusion, trying to reconcile what police have told her with her own recollections.
“In regards to this ‘confession’ that I made last night, I want to make clear that I’m very doubtful of the verity of my statements because they were made under the pressures of stress, shock and extreme exhaustion,’’ Knox wrote.
She referred to police statements that she would be arrested and jailed for 30 years and that Sollecito was turning against her.
Lauria Baldassare, an Italian lawyer who founded the Innocents Project, said the topic of wrongful convictions in Italy is starting to “create social alarm as it assumes important dimensions.”
He cited 10 cases of defendants being paid damages for wrongful convictions over the last decade, but said they faced difficulty in escaping the stigma of their initial guilty verdict — much like Knox.
“There is still part of the public opinion that does not accept the Court of Cassation’s decision, and these debates become a sport,’' said Baldassare, whose organization is independent from the Innocence Project that Knox works with. ”Italy does not have the maturity to accept an exoneration, because social prejudices are stronger than the finding.”
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Creating a timeline
Amanda Knox
November 2nd, 2007
Meredith Kercher (21 British Student) is found dead in the house in Perugia, Italy, that she shared with American student Amanda Knox.
Police say her body is partially clothed, with her throat cut.
November 6th, 2007
Knox and Raffaele Sollecito are detained for questioning.
Knox allegedly confesses to being at her home when Kercher was killed and implicates Patrick Lumumba (the owner of a bar where she worked).
Lumumba also is detained.
November 19th 2007
Police name Rudy Hermann Guede as fourth suspect and arrest him the following day in Mainz, Germany.
November 20th, 2007
Lumumba is released after two weeks in prison when his alibi is corroborated.
He later sued Knox for libel, winning 40,000 euros ($54,000) in damages.
November 22nd, 2007
The text of a note Knox wrote on November 6, while in police custody, is published by CNN and other media outlets. Knox addresses an alleged confession, saying: “In regards to this ‘confession’ that I made last night, I want to make clear that I’m very doubtful of the verity of my statements because they were made under the pressures of stress, shock and extreme exhaustion. Not only was I told I would be arrested and put in jail for 30 years, but I was also hit in the head when I didn’t remember a fact correctly.”
December, 2007
Rudy Hermann Guede is arrested. His fingerprints were found at the murder scene. A vaginal swab taken from Kercher matches DNA from Guede. Guede admits to police that he had sexual relations with Kercher but says another man killed her while he was in the bathroom.
July 11th, 2008
Italian prosecutors formally charge Knox, Guede and Sollecito with murder.
September 6th, 2008
Rudy Guede asks for a separate fast-track trial, fearing that Knox and Sollecito had formed a pact against him. His defense attorney says, “In recent weeks a lot of poison has been spread by the defense teams, and we feel the necessity to find some form of serenity in a separate hearing.”
October 28th, 2008
Knox and Sollecito are indicted on murder charges.
Guede is found guilty of murder in his fast-track trial and sentenced to 30 years. (The sentence is reduced to 16 years on appeal in December 2009.)
January 16th 2009
Knox and Solle cito’s murder trial begins. Reporters from all over the world attend, and some sit at the defense table because of limited space in the courtroom.
Prosecutors told the court that Knox had plunged the knife into exchange student Meredith's throat. Meredith’s DNA was found of the point of the knife and Knox’s on the handle.
June 12th 2009
Knox testifies that during police interrogations she was confused and that interrogators pressured her, called her a “stupid liar” and hit her in the head.
Officials have denied beating Knox.
She also says some of her actions that made her look bad when described by the press were taken the wrong way. She adds that she was in shock after the murder, and that caused her strange behavior.
December 4th, 2009
The jury finds Knox and Sollecito guilty on all counts in the stabbing death of Kercher. Knox gets a 26-year sentence; Sollecito gets 25 years.
November 24th 2010,
Knox and Sollecito’s murder appeal process begins. Knox’s lawyer Luciano Ghirga tells reporters that rather than prosecutors having to prove she is guilty, “we have to prove her innocence, which is more difficult to do.”
December 11th 2010
Knox speaks for about 15 minutes and breaks down in tears. She says that she and Sollecito are innocent and unjustly accused. “I’ve been condemned for the crime I did not commit,” Knox says, adding that the court has made “a huge mistake.”
September 26th 2011
Lumumba’s lawyer, Carlo Pacelli, accuses Knox of having two sides one of which is “angelic, good, compassionate” and the other “Lucifer-like, demonic, satanic.”
Patrick Lumumba's lawyer Carlo Pacelli tells the appeals court that Knox's lies destroyed his reputation and calls Knox a "she-devil."
September 27th 2011
Sollecito lawyer Giulia Bongiorno attacks media portrayals of Knox as a femme fatale, comparing her to the cartoon character Jessica Rabbit, who protests, “I’m not bad, I’m just drawn that way,” in the movie “Who Framed Roger Rabbit?” She says there is no physical evidence placing Knox and Sollecito at the scene of the crime, attacks the credibility of DNA evidence and says Knox’s statements to police the night of the murder should be discounted because of hostile questioning by police.
October 3rd 2011
An Italian jury overturns the 2009 murder conviction of Knox and Sollecito.
September 30th, 2013
Retrial begins
December 17th 2013
“I must repeat to you. I’m innocent. I did not rape, I did not steal … I did not kill Meredith,” she says in a lengthy email, written in Italian.
January 30th 2014
Knox and Sollecito are again convicted of killing Kercher. Knox is sentenced to 28 and a half years.
May 1st 2014
“I did not kill my friend. I did not wield a knife. I had no reason to,” Knox said.
March 27th 2015
Italy’s Supreme Court overturns the murder convictions of Knox and Sollecito. The case is now closed, the court says, and the two are free to go.
Thus ends an eight-year legal saga that gripped the United States, Britain and Italy.
Richard Jewell
July 27th 1996
Jewell discovered a bag and alerted Georgia Bureau Investigation officers
9 minutes later Rudolph (the actual terrorist) called 911 delivering a warning
Jewell and other security began clearing the area immediately so a bomb squad could investigate.
The bomb exploded 13 minutes later killing Alice Hawthorne and injuring over 100 others. A camera man also died of a heart attack running to cover the incident.
Early news reports celebrated Jewell as a hero helping spot the bag and evacuating the area.
For the next several weeks, the news media focused aggressively on him as the presumed culprit, labelling him as a "person of interest", matching him to a leaked "lone bomber" profile that the FBI had used.
July 28th 1996
Jewell was first referenced as ‘an AT&T security guard’ in the Times.
30th July 1996
Three days later, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution revealed that the FBI was treating him as a possible suspect, based largely on a "lone bomber" criminal profile.
The special edition of The Atlanta Journal had the headline “F.B.I. Suspects ‘Hero’ Guard May Have Planted Bomb.”
Before the report came out in the paper
Before the report came out in the paper, now named The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, officials had used eyewitness accounts to compile a sketch of a man believed to have planted the pipe bomb in the park. But the F.B.I. wouldn’t release the sketch, and it wouldn’t yet name any suspects. A photo of a man near the blast site was too grainy for officials to make out any facial features.
The media, to varying degrees, portrayed Jewell as a failed law enforcement officer who may have planted the bomb so he could "find" it and be a hero.
Jewell’s life was turned upside down – journalists descended on his apartment
A Journal Article quoted acquaintances of Jewell’s, who recalled him owning a backpack similar to the one that held the bomb.
Officials at Piedmont College, a small Georgia school where Jewell had been a security guard, had called the F.B.I. the day of the explosion with concerns that Jewell was “overly zealous.”
If The Times’s reporting showed restraint, focusing more on the local frenzy than the man himself, it was thanks to hard-won lessons in sourcing, Max Frankel wrote in the paper’s magazine. “The Times had learned from its own sad transgressions over the years that whispered accusations against named individuals must not be trusted.”
The pressure began to ease only after Jewell's attorneys hired an ex-FBI agent to administer a polygraph, which Jewell passed.
Jewell was never officially charged, but the FBI thoroughly and publicly searched his home twice, questioned his associates, investigated his background, and maintained 24-hour surveillance of him.
After his exoneration, Jewell filed lawsuits against the media outlets which he said had labelled him, primarily NBC News and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, and insisted on a formal apology from them.
In July 1997, U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno, prompted by a reporter's question at her weekly news conference, expressed regret over the FBI's leak to the news media that led to the widespread presumption of his guilt, and apologized outright, saying, "I'm very sorry it happened. I think we owe him an apology. I regret the leak.".
October 26th 1996
The investigating US Attorney (Kent Alexander) sent Jewell a letter formally clearing him - "based on the evidence developed to date ... Richard Jewell is not considered a target of the federal criminal investigation into the bombing on July 27, 1996, at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta".
July 23rd, 1997
Jewell sued the New York Post for $15 million in damages, contending that the paper portrayed him in articles, photographs and an editorial cartoon as an "aberrant" person with a "bizarre employment history" who was probably guilty of the bombing.
A year after the bombings Kevin Sack wrote “He feels the stares of strangers in restaurants knowing they still wonder if he is the one.”
It had been nine months since the Justice Department cleared Jewell of any involvement. Still, the constant media attention he received at the height of the investigation had turned him into a public figure. Children asked for autographs. A woman he took on a date published a written account of the evening in a city magazine.
“I’m a lot more cynical than I used to be,” Jewell said in Sack’s story. “I’m not as trusting as I once was. And I don’t think I’m as outgoing as I used to be.”
April 13th, 2005
Jewell was exonerated completely when Eric Rudolph, as part of a plea deal, pled guilty to carrying out the bombing attack at the Centennial Olympic Park, as well as three other attacks across southern parts of the US.
2019
Although CNN settled with Jewell for an undisclosed monetary amount, CNN maintained that its coverage had been "fair and accurate".
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