Filming of the barricades sequence for Les Misérables (1917) and the 71st New York Infantry Regiment
The Fox Studio's production of Les Miserables staring William Farnum premiered in December 1917. They must have filmed things very quickly in those days because in October 1917 they were still filming the barricades sequence! October 20th The Exhibitor's Herald (a trade magazine of the film industry) reported:
In order to secure men with military training to represent the French guard in the filming of the Willian Fox spectacle, "Les Miserables," at Fort Lee, NJ recently, a battalion of soldiers from the 71st regiment, encamped at Van Cortlandt Park, New York, was borrowed for the occasion.
While most of the 71st regiment men were in French uniforms, others which did not necessitate their appearance before the camera were detailed to other work, and during a lull in picture taking these men in khaki conceived the happy idea of having their pictures taken in the "Paris" street, where they expected shortly to be seen in reality. Cameras were produced and snapshots taken of the soldiers sitting at Parisian cafe tables, under awnings and before signs in French.
Remember the bolded part for later.
Here is an image of the insurgents defending the barricade:
And here's an image of the barricade overrun by National Guardsmen, published in January 1918 in Photoplay Magazine:
On the left is the Corinthe cafe. Lots of promotion for this movie focused on the accuracy of this set, especially the cobblestone streets. For example, the October 1917 edition of the Motion Picture News said this:
One frenzied guest [a reporter visiting the set] exclaimed, "So this is Paris!" as he stubbed a toe on a protruding cobblestone of the Rue de Something or Something Else, a street the pavement of which bore a close resemblance to the surfaces of Broadway and Seventh avenue in their present state of construction. [. . .] There were a number of cafes with tables out in front. Seated around them were all the gentry of the Paris, but they never drank the brownish stuff in their glasses. We asked one fellow why, and his reply was "ginger ale."
The December issue of The Moving Picture World, reported that "Nine city blocks were built at a cost of $50,000, and so perfectly was it all reproduced that French military officers visiting New York have insisted that it was not a reproduction at all but Paris itself" and that there were 1,000 extras in the role of the people of Paris, in addition to the soldiers.
Groups of uniformed soldiers rode here and there, stunning figures in their Guard uniforms of red and blue and white, and while to them it was mimic and in a measure miniature warfare, it also was in the nature of rehearsal for sterner tasks.
And here are all the extras from the 71st regiment, with Willian Farnum in the middle:
After the Sammies had garbed themselves in the fashion of National Guardsmen of old France, it may have been "Les Miserables" they were playing in, but there was nothing miserable about the way they flung themselves about the fight on the barricade in the streets of this transplanted Paris.
The caption from Photoplay magazine also tells us that the 71st were heading to France via Fort Wadsworth South Carolina and that they took this job to make some tobacco money. Here's a photo of a member of the 71st leaving for Fort Wadsworth:
The October 1917 edition of the Motography (which stated that the film depicted the July Revolution) said that the regiment had gone to Fort Wadsworth and added this additional information about filming:
They worked from nine o'clock one morning until two p.m. the following day. Just a half hour before quitting time came the climax. Right over the top of a twelve-foot barricade they went as hard as and as fast as they could go.
While, of course, the whole affair was mimic warfare and the soldiers were not for the moment clad in the khaki of their country, that battalion from the 71st went other the top as though the Boche were on the other side and they were determined to "get" him.
After the cameras had ceased to grind, the men were drawn up and Captain Schroeder of Company A, of the 71st, made a speech. He thanked Mr. Lloyd [the movie's director] and Mr. Farnum in behalf of his men for the royal treatment they had received and especially for affording them the opportunity of going over the top.
"Over the top" is in reference to the trench warfare of WWI.
But remember how in the first article it was mentioned that soldiers took photos on set? Well that led to this article in The Laurens Advertiser, 4 September 1918:
Government Officials have at last traced down the origin of the sensational reports that the famous Seventy-first Regiment of New York had been sent "Over There" last August, when as a matter of fact it was still in the United States.
The rumor was a most persistent one and many newspapers and magazines actually printed pictures of members of this regiment taken in Paris. It all happened in this way:
William Fox, the motion picture producer, was engaged in making a photodrama of Victor Hugo's greatest work, Les Miserables, with William Farnum playing the part of the immortal "Jean Valjean."
A section of Victor Hugo's Paris was built "somewhere in New Jersey," and to show the troops fighting in the streets of Paris against the revolutionists, a battalion or two of the Seventy-first regiment was used. While the soldiers were waiting to make the scenes in which they appeared, someone produced kodaks and began making snap-shots of each other.
The soldiers were "over there" in New Jersey several days and many pictures were taken with the streets of Paris as the background. The members of the Seventy-first quickly realized the foreign look and sent copies to friends and sweethearts.
The sweethearts and friends sent these to magazines and newspapers as proof positive that the Seventy-first was actually in Paris and in this way the rumor started.
A magnificent picturization of Les Miserables, produced by William Fox with William Farnum playing the part of the immortal Jean Valjean will be shown at the Opera House Thursday September 5th. Les Miserables comes direct from the eight weeks run at the Lyric Theatre, New York City.
So is it true? Or is that article just an advertisement for the showing for the film? Only semi-related but here is an advertisement for a Kodak camera printed in a movie magazine and featuring soldiers writing home:
I would love to find one of those photographs of the soldiers on set (since it says that they were sent to newspapers and magazines) or even to find an example of an erroneous report of the 71st being sent abroad. I haven't had much luck so far but maybe I will come back to it later or if I put this out there maybe someone else will find something.
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