Understanding Sports Injuries and Accidents: Insights from Dr. David H. Mruz in Greenville, SC

Sports are an integral part of many people's lives, offering numerous physical and mental health benefits. However, along with the thrill and excitement of sports, comes the risk of injuries and accidents. Whether it's a sprained ankle on the basketball court or a concussion on the football field, sports-related injuries can have a significant impact on an individual's well-being. In Greenville, South Carolina, Dr. David H. Mruz, a renowned sports medicine specialist, sheds light on the common sports injuries and accidents encountered by athletes of all levels.

Understanding Sports Injuries

Sports injuries can occur due to various factors, including overuse, improper technique, inadequate warm-up, and collisions with other players or objects. Dr. David H. Mruz emphasizes the importance of recognizing the types of injuries prevalent in different sports and taking proactive measures to prevent them.

Sprains and Strains: Among the most common sports injuries are sprains and strains. A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of ligaments, while a strain refers to damage to muscles or tendons. Athletes involved in sudden movements, such as basketball, soccer, and tennis, are particularly susceptible to these injuries.

Fractures and Dislocations: High-impact sports like football, rugby, and hockey carry the risk of fractures and dislocations. These injuries occur when bones break or joints are forced out of their normal positions. Dr. David H. Mruz underscores the importance of proper protective gear and adherence to safety guidelines to minimize the risk of such injuries.

Concussions: Concussions are a serious concern in contact sports like football, soccer, and hockey. They result from a sudden impact on the head, leading to temporary disruption of brain function. Dr. David H. Mruz emphasizes the significance of immediate medical evaluation and strict return-to-play protocols following a concussion to prevent long-term complications.

Overuse Injuries: Overuse injuries develop gradually due to repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, and bones. Runners, swimmers, and gymnasts are prone to conditions like tendonitis, stress fractures, and swimmer's shoulder. Dr. David H. Mruz advocates for proper training techniques, adequate rest, and cross-training to prevent overuse injuries.

Prevention Strategies

Dr. David H. Mruz, a sports injury chiropractor in Taylors and Greenville, underscores the importance of proactive measures to reduce the risk of sports injuries and accidents:

Warm-Up and Stretching: Before engaging in physical activity, athletes should perform dynamic warm-up exercises and stretching routines to prepare their muscles and joints for the demands of the sport.

Proper Technique: Learning and practicing correct techniques is essential for minimizing the risk of injury. Coaches and trainers play a crucial role in teaching athletes proper form and mechanics.

Strength and Conditioning: Incorporating strength and conditioning exercises into training regimens helps improve muscular strength, endurance, and stability, reducing the likelihood of injuries.

Rest and Recovery: Rest and recovery allow the body to repair and rebuild after intense physical activity. Overtraining increases the risk of overuse injuries and fatigue-related accidents.

Injury Management: Prompt recognition and appropriate management of injuries are paramount. Dr. David H. Mruz advises athletes to seek medical attention for persistent pain, swelling, or limited mobility.

Community Outreach and Education

In Greenville, SC, Dr. David H. Mruz is actively involved in community outreach programs aimed at promoting sports injury treatment and injury prevention. Through educational workshops, seminars, and sports clinics, he empowers athletes, coaches, and parents with the knowledge and resources needed to create a safe and supportive sports environment.

Conclusion

Sports injuries and accidents are an unfortunate reality for many athletes, but with the right precautions and preventive measures, many of these incidents can be avoided. Dr. David H. Mruz's expertise and dedication to sports medicine in Greenville, SC, serve as a beacon of hope for athletes striving to achieve their goals safely and effectively. By prioritizing injury prevention, fostering proper training techniques, and advocating for athlete safety, Dr. Mruz continues to make significant contributions to the sports community, ensuring that athletes can pursue their passions with confidence and resilience.

The Scientific Research of Muscle Hypertrophy

Raising muscular tissue mass is an important goal for numerous professional athletes, particularly those associated with stamina sporting activities like football as well as powerlifting. It is likewise the primary objective of UGSOURCE bodybuilders.

Muscular tissue hypertrophy is brought on by a boost in the dimension of muscle cells. This increase happens as a result of resistance training, which entails modern overload.

Cellular Hydration

Muscular tissue mass is a key purpose of numerous professional athletes, especially those associated with strength sports like Football, rugby and also powerlifting. It is likewise gone after by bodybuilders, that look for to raise both the size as well as toughness of their muscles with anabolic supplementation as well as training protocols.

A vital consider muscle hypertrophy is an increase in cell volume. This increase is driven by a combination of elements, including anabolic protein synthesis as well as the expansion of non-contractile cell components (e.g. sarcoplasmic reticulum and t-tubules).

A second consider muscle mass hypertrophy is a rise of the number of sarcomeres within an offered myofibril. This can be achieved by either adding sarcomeres in collection to existing fibers or by creating completely new myofibrils through myofibrillogenesis.

Mechanical Tension

Many innovative toughness trains comprehend that mechanical stress is a key component in muscle mass development. However, they commonly concentrate entirely on the extraction of muscular hypertrophy with the use of high-load resistance training.

This is because it's usually believed that just heavy loads generate the required mechanical stress to make muscular tissues expand. While this might be true for the total muscle mass, it is not necessarily real for private muscle fibers.

For instance, if you perform a collection of bicep curls with 80% of your 1RM for a number of sets, you will certainly experience similar mechanical tension to doing a deadlift with a light tons. The difference is that the force-velocity partnership on your specific arms fibers will certainly be various, but your overall muscle contraction will certainly be the same.

The trick to optimizing growth is not simply boosting the quantity of mechanical stress, yet also switching over up your workout regular and including brand-new activity patterns. This will certainly guarantee your body needs to re-adapt as well as react to the new stimulations, setting off hypertrophy.

Metabolic Stress and anxiety

For body builders, professional wrestlers and also your favorite concealed (or caped) superheroes, loading on the muscular tissue mass is the large reward for their dedication to physical training. Muscle growth happens when muscle mass protein synthesis is higher than failure, resulting in a general positive internet equilibrium of muscle mass tissue.

When we perform exercises calling for considerable mechanical anxiety such as eccentric contractions and high-intensity interval training, we create metabolic stress that develops metabolites like lactate, hydrogen ion as well as not natural phosphate in muscle. This build-up is thought to raise neural drive, as well as in turn, even more motor systems are hired to finish the exercise.

One more concept is that this metabolic stress and anxiety stimulates development via a variety of anabolic signaling paths including hypoxia, hormone launch, mobile swelling and the manufacturing of reactive oxygen species. Nonetheless, placing evidence suggests that muscular tissue damages is not a key stimulus for hypertrophy. Thus, it's finest to prevent concentrating on muscle damages when training for hypertrophy and rather prioritize the various other devices gone over above.

Apoptosis

Muscular tissue development takes place when muscular tissue protein synthesis exceeds healthy protein break down. This produces a positive web equilibrium of healthy protein that promotes lean mass development. On the other hand, when the web healthy protein balance is negative, muscular tissue degeneration happens.

A vital factor in identifying muscle hypertrophy is the capacity of satellite cells to proliferate as well as fuse with existing myofibers, creating new myotubes (187 ). Normally quiescent, satellite cells become activated by mechanical anxiety, such as resistance exercise. When activated, they release anabolic endocrine signals as well as development elements that advertise the combination of satellite cells right into myotubes.

It is not yet clear whether the decrease in myonuclear domain dimension that is seen throughout atrophy induced by detraining, hind arm or leg suspension, as well as microgravity is triggered by apoptosis of muscle mass centers or one more device. Nevertheless, the recent finding that DIAP1 suppression decreases atrophy in skeletal muscular tissues recommends that apoptosis plays a role in muscular tissue degeneration.

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New Ways of Turning Into Stone, Chapter 2

A/N I should really think of story titles with fewer words in them, huh?  Thank you so much for the warm reception to the first chapter of my latest fic!  Of course, we all want to know what caused Janet to force Jamie to seek out grief counselling services.  But before we get there, I think we need to know a little bit more about the good doctor herself.  So no Jamie in this chapter, but never fear, he’ll be back in the next one!   Trigger warning for fertility issues.  The working chapter title is “Psychiatrist, Heal Thyself”.

Friday evening arrived, announced by two days of nearly pristine pages in her planner.  Exhausted by the work week’s hectic schedule, Claire stood ambivalently at the doorstep of each dawning weekend.   It wasn’t that she minded the time alone.  Quite the opposite; she was fond of her own company.  But a quiet mind was a mind open to whispers of the past, and those she couldn’t abide.

“What are yer plans fer the next twa days, then?” Geillis asked as she locked the office door.  Her friend was well-versed in Claire’s many coping mechanisms, even the ones Claire barely acknowledged herself.

“Oh, you know, the usual,” she replied as they got into the lift.  “A few classes at the gym, tidying my flat, maybe a run.”

“Christ, tha’ sounds like a punishment, no’ a break!  Ye need tae recharge, Doctor Beauchamp.  Would ye stop tae smell the flowers, jus’ fer a second, fer me?”

Watching the floor numbers slowly tick down, Claire considered her friend’s oft-repeated counsel.  It wasn’t that she doubted the sincerity or sense behind the plea: clinically, she knew the healing power of relaxation, of doing something for the sheer pleasure of it, or of doing nothing at all.  She had been on the treadmill of mindless momentum for so long, though, she wasn’t sure she remembered how to to step off.

The bell dinged and they walked together across the lobby.  Everywhere, people were milling about, rushing with a mobile tucked between chin and shoulder, meeting friends for an après-work drink.  They reminded Claire of ants, engaged in alien activities she could only interpret from a distance.

“I’ll take it under advisement, Geil,” she placated.  They had reached the pavement outside their office, where each weekend they parted to go their separate ways.

“Alright, hen.  Call me, if... weel, ye ken ye can always call, right?”

The back of her throat constricted, squeezing moisture towards her eyes.  Rather than risk speaking, Claire nodded emphatically, gave her friend a quick hug, and walked away without a backwards glance.

***

The next day dawned with a moist crispness to the air.  Having lived in the capital long enough to know that any pleasant weather might be short-lived, Claire threw the windows of her flat open to the timid breeze.  Pushing her utilitarian furniture against the walls and rolling back a threadbare Oriental carpet she’d inherited from her uncle, she proceeded to mop and then wax her floors.  Curls restrained in a kerchief, she’d donned her oldest yoga pants and sweat top for this Saturday morning cleaning ritual.  The kitchen was next.  By the time she reached the bathroom, she was perspiring and a number of ringlets had escaped confinement.

After a much-needed shower, she decided to apply a hot oil treatment and throw together an egg-white omelette.  She ate on the couch, the morning paper balanced on her knee.

Ten o’clock.  Only twelve more hours to go before bedtime.

***

Emboldened by the continued clear skies, Claire decided to try a new running route after lunch.  She usually ran the perimetre of Holyrood Park before finishing up with a hard sprint to the rocky nub of Arthur’s Seat.  Today, she took the tram to Corstorphine Hill, the site of an under-visited walled garden according to an article she’d read online.  Dirt paths meandered the park,  entering and leaving oak woods whose grassy skirts were embroidered by sunlight and bluebells.  It was all quite enchanting, and by the time she came across the walled garden, her heart beat with a long-lost weightlessness.

The garden itself was a pocket wonder; tiny but bursting with botanical life.  And while she didn’t literally stoop to smell any of the vernal blooms, she thought Geillis would be quite satisfied when they shared their usual Monday debrief of their weekend activities.

Walking downhill in search of a water fountain, a muddied roar travelled on the springtime wind.  It took a moment to place it, but she recalled that Murrayfield Stadium was located just to the south of the park.   Never a huge sporting enthusiast, she hadn’t been aware that a Scottish national rugby match was being played that afternoon.

Thoughts of rugby called to mind her newest patient.  With his height and bulk, she could imagine him following the sport, if not playing it himself.   Reason enough, she mused, to wander past the stadium as she cooled down.

With her mind pre-occupied, she completely missed the queue of people until it was too late.

“Frank!” a shrill voice broke her reverie, sending an icicle of dread down her spine.  Her heart kicked back into high gear, while her eyes scanned about for an approaching threat.  A tow-headed boy ran past, chasing a squirrel.  She stepped automatically out of his way, but managed to stumble over a tree root in her haste.

“Franklin!  Come back here this instant an’ apologize tae this lady!  Ye near knocked her o’er.”

Turning round, Claire was confronted by a hugely pregnant pale-haired woman, presumably the mother of the young boy who was now scuffing his feet through the leaf litter on his reluctant return.   She looked for a quick escape, but there were families everywhere.  She’d completely forgotten that the Edinburgh Zoo shared the hill with the park.

“I’m terribly sorry,” the mother offered.  “He’s sae excited tae see the pandas, ye ken.  An’ I canna chase after him as I used tae.”  As she spoke, the woman rubbed the globe of her belly, her eyes alight with the mysterious joys of impending motherhood.  It suddenly hurt to breath.

“No... errr, it’s fine, really,” she stammered.  “No harm done.”  Which was patently untrue, but the damage was pre-existing and beyond repair.  “Congratulations,” she choked out, the word like chalk in her mouth.  

The woman seemed eager to strike up a conversation. With a mumbled apology, Claire took off at a run, weaving down the path to the pavement, turning east and sprinting back to the safety of her flat, nearly three kilometres away.

***

As the evening wore on, it became impossible to overlook the truth of the day’s events.  No matter how hard she tried to pretend otherwise, Claire still wasn’t recovered from the ordeal that befell her over two years’ ago.  The irony of being a grief counsellor who couldn’t manage to overcome her own grief was bitter on her tongue.  What right did she have to counsel others in behaviours she couldn’t master herself?

She didn’t begrudge Frank his happiness, but she envied him greatly.  Their inability to conceive had torn a fatal wound in their relationship.  Both of them had suffered, both of them had lost a spouse.  But where Frank had quickly moved on to find another, more fertile partner, Claire felt like she was trapped in a never-ending cycle of self-blame and contempt.  No matter how far she ran or how diligently she planned the tidy compartments of her life, the anguish found her.  It was a corrosive shadow that dogged her days, always ready to darken her brightest moments.

It was well past eleven o’clock and she lay watching the flare of headlights chase each other across her bedroom ceiling.  A bottle of prescription pills promised sweet oblivion from inside her night table drawer.  She resisted for as long as she could, but as the minutes crept by, weary resignation won out.

Swallowing two of the capsules dry, she lay like a corpse wrapped in an Egyptian cotton shroud.  Slowly, the dry ice fog and discord of approaching sleep pulled her down, down, down below the waves of consciousness where nothing could harm her.

Basics on the Physio Sudbury

As the good weather approaches, so too does the athletic season and an array of triathlon events begin to take place. Recent physiotherapy and sports rehabilitation news articles have focused on triathlon and overuse injuries and where on the triathlon course those injuries occur and iliotibial band (ITB) injuries are a common injury, but just what do they entail and how are they treated? Iliotibial band syndrome is accredited to being one of the leading reasons for lateral knee pain in athletes, specifically with runners. Running from the pelvis and down the not in the thigh, and inserting below the knee on the outer aspect, the iliotibial band, or ITB, works in conjunction with another muscles of the hip to give, abduct and rotate the hip outwards, and additionally, it works to stabilise the not in the knee through extension and flexiom. Therefore, it's used continually when walking and running. A few of the training habits that will contribute towards iliotibial band injuries include; consistently running on banked surfaces. This causes the downhill-positioned leg to bend slightly inward. This triggers extreme stretching of the band contrary to the femur. Excessive up-hill and downhill running (and indeed upstairs and downstairs) also have an adverse effect. Inadequate warm-up and cool-down is another common contributory factor. But it's not totally all running-orientated activity that could negatively contribute towards ITB problems; rowing, treading water, breaststroke and positioning the feet'toed-in'to an extortionate angle when cycling are all linked to the condition. For their adoption of a lot of the above activities, triathlon athletes often encounter problems with the iliotibial band and the thing is once the band begins to rub on the thigh bone, causing pain on the knee joint; pain that might extend up the not in the thigh, or down the outside of the shin. Athletes experience pain during activity and pain relieves when resting. The rubbing experience can occur for numerous reasons and it's often related to changes to the mechanisms of the hip, knee, or foot. A big quantity of sportsmen undergo surgeries annually while they take part in events. Knee surgery is the most common type of surgery that you hear about. Arthroplasty and Arthroscopy are both most frequent kinds of surgeries that you hear about. Osteoarthritis is the most typical condition that certain hears about. This disorder gives rise to the much known joint and bone problem that wears down your cushion joints and protective cartilage. The physical activities of your system are restricted with a certain redness and pain caused because of swelling. Surgeries concerning joint replacement yield specific outcomes that are due to sports injury physiotherapy. Healing items that follow following the surgery is the principal objective. Once the individual has undergone the trauma of these conditions, then the physiotherapist can just only help him overcome the mental and physical agony. A few controlled workout programs are accustomed to toughen the joint muscles of the patient, enhance his knowledge and prevent Contractures. The knee injuries are followed with physiotherapy. Physio for runners demand sessions to be conducted at health centers or of their residences. Softer and smaller bodily movements are followed after performing knee surgeries under most circumstances. It begins with performing movements like climbing, stepping and walking as the patient remains seated in a chair. Besides natural exercises like swimming, a physiotherapist may suggest covering short distances through softer steps than walking. Your knees are bound to get more of mobility and parts of your muscles are likely to gain more strength, when you perform these workouts consistently. Whenever the players are in action, it's natural for them to suffer from injuries regardless of following all precautionary measures. Games that demand great heights of stamina and physical strength often cause ligament or muscle sprain amongst players; you could have observed this with the Rugby players. Likewise, there are a few other games that demand exhaustive physical movements; injuries concerning wrist, elbow, arms and knee. Pains experienced around one's neck and those caused by cervical and spine injuries are the principal factors behind sufferings for athletes; these athletes are also recognized to suffer from headache, back pain and insomnia as they take part in events like javelin throw, shot put and high jump. Participants of events like boxing, ice hockey and Super bowl may also be likely to see such sufferings. The injuries caused during sporting events in many cases are quite minor, but they're proven to cause long-term discomfort, sufferings and pain for the players. For all kinds of physical problems arising out of sports, the only good solution is apparently physiotherapy. Physiotherapy or physical therapy is a questionnaire of treatment that uses physical or mechanical (as opposed surgical and chemical) methods for correcting an injury. Most sports injuries could be corrected through physiotherapy alone or in conjunction with surgery. You will find several sports injuries that will take advantage of this therapy. One is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, which really is a knee injury. Sports activities that put lots of demand on the knees -- like kickboxing, hockey, running, skiing, basketball and football -- have higher risks of players'developing a knee injury. ACL is quite common among those who play these sports. Some cases of ACL may be so severe that surgery may be necessary. Likewise, physiotherapy is almost always recommended, before and/or after surgery. There are three main categories of therapy exercises which are recommended for the treating ACL, the most typical that would be the heel slides. Doing the heel slides basically consists in lying down, the affected knee bended and foot on the floor, then slowly pulling the foot towards the buttocks, and finally sliding the foot back out. This exercise bends and stretches the knee and may hurt, but it is effective. It's usually recommended as a preparation for surgery, but sometimes it can also heal the injury and surgery may no more be necessary. It can be effective for elbow injuries like tennis elbow. Tennis elbow happens in sports activities that involve chiefly forceful movements of the wrists and elbows, like tennis and badminton. The physical therapy for tennis elbow usually consists of a program of exercises plus ultrasound procedures that apply heat on the affected muscles to relive pain. Ultrasound can also be used sometimes for other sports injuries where there is muscle pain. Another form used for many types of sports injuries is massage. Massage helps remove the tension in muscles, tendons and connective tissues. It can be used to crush or soften nodes that form in overused muscle tissues. The kind of physiotherapy used will usually depend on the explanation for the injury, whether it's caused by trauma (as in colliding with a co-player in sports like football or basketball), or by way of a wrong movement of a body part, or by sheer physical overwork. It has been found very effective -- and often essential for sports-related injuries and has become part of the regular sports management programs of some sports teams and sports facilities. Without physiotherapy, some sports injuries can also continue steadily to cause pain and limit the movements of athletes and players their entire life. Sports are a big element of a nation's culture and identity. Every country on the planet has a unique kind of sport from the planet famous football to the present day day archery. We only can't eliminate these adrenaline pumping activities since it's a thing that unites us in one of the ways or another.To generate extra details on Sudbury Physio Get The Facts However, sports can cause different physical injuries which can be quite alarming if they are not treated the proper way or if they are not given the right and proper medical attention. Extreme physical exertion can be usually seen during sports exhibition as this kind of activity requires constant physical effort. Due to the continuous modernization in the health care field, these unwanted injuries can now be prevented or alleviated through the applying of sport physiotherapy. Sport physiotherapy is the application form of the principles involved in physiotherapy to different sports. The benefits of sport physiotherapy give you a whole new perspective to the sporting world and a few of its benefits includes: The constant application of physiotherapy in athletes improves the ability of your body to handle physical stress. Normally, our body has a unique and efficient means of repairing itself. However, during extreme physical exertions as what goes on during sport exhibitions - some of the damage might be too complicated or too large for our body's normal function to cover. That's when sport physiotherapy comes in. The programs involved with sport physiotherapy help the body to boost its durability. It can help strengthen the bones, muscles, joints and small ligaments to withstand pressure thus which makes it stronger in the long runs. That is quite important particularly for athletes who constantly take in blows from direct contact sport like American football, rugby and basketball. By making the body more effective in taking in blows, athletes might have a longer amount of time in the playing field without fretting about some nasty injuries. Another benefit of sport physiotherapy is so it dramatically decreases the possibility of someone to obtain injured during the game. By carefully monitoring a player's capacity which includes their flexibility, coordination, strength, and joint flexion during a typical training session, a real therapist can formulate some helpful exercise routines to help minimize any sport related injuries like cramps, strains, sprains and torn ligaments.

Physiotherapy Services Oakville

Back pain is a symptom caused (in most cases) by an injury in one or more parts of the spine. It can be located in the upper, middle, and/or lower back.

This article will talk about the most common: Lower back pain, also known as “lumbago”.

It affects nearly 60% to 80% of people throughout their lifetime. This means that 6 to 8 people out of 10 will experience low back pain. It’s the most common cause of disability in young adults: in the U.S. only, an estimated of 149 million work days are lost yearly due to low back pain, costing $100 to $200 billion a year. It’s a costly condition with repercussions in the patient’s life, the overall productivity, and the healthcare system.

It can be caused by numerous reasons, but the root cause is usually a bad posture. Other causes include accidents, sports injuries, and aging. Even though the low back pain can be disabling, it usually improves without surgery in 90% of the cases.

Anatomy Of The Back

To understand the causes of low back pain, let’s make a brief review of each part of the back:

Vertebral Column/Spine. It’s a column formed by approximately 33 bones called “vertebrae”. The spinal cord travels throughout the column. It’s divided into regions:

Cervical: This corresponds to the neck. It has 7 vertebrae.

Thoracic: Corresponds to the chest and the middle back. Has 12 vertebrae.

Lumbar: Corresponds to the lower back. Has 5 vertebrae.

Sacrum: It’s located in the pelvis. Has 5 fused vertebrae.

Coccyx: It’s at the end of the sacrum, where our tail used to be millions of years ago. Has 3-4 fused vertebrae.

Vertebrae. These are the building blocks of the column.They go from the base of the skull to the bottom end of the spine. They protect your spinal cord and help you stand straight. The lumbar vertebrae are the biggest ones. They support most of our weight and are responsible for most of our mobility.

Inter-vertebral disk. These are cushions placed between each vertebra. They have a gel-like nucleus, surrounded by a fibrous ring. They are shock absorbers and help with the mobility of the body.

Spinal cord. It’s a long, thin collection of neurons that goes from the brain to the end of the column. The nerves that go to the upper and lower limbs leave the spinal cord through a hole between each vertebra.

Nerves. They’re a collection of neurons that send and receive instructions from one place to another in the form of electrical impulses, acting like cables.

Muscles. These are the ones responsible for our movements. Each muscle is made of thousands of fibers that fusion themselves to form a cord called “tendon”. The tendon attaches to the bone. When the fibers contract, they pull the bone they are attached to, generating movement.

Ligaments. These are tough, fibrous bands attached to two consecutive bones. They restrict the movement, stabilizing the joints.

Symptoms

The related symptoms of low back pain will depend on the cause, and may include:

Sharp, stabbing, mild, dull, severe, intermittent, and/or constant pain.

Symptoms in one buttock/hip/leg, such as muscle weakness, tingling, numbness, burning sensation.

Worsening with bending, lifting, sitting, standing, and/or walking.

Sciatica symptoms: Pain from the low back down the glute and leg of one side, numbness, tingling, and/or muscle weakness.

Causes Of Back Pain

Back pain can be caused by numerous factors:

Poor Bio mechanics

Human bio mechanics can be defined as the way our joints, muscles, bones, and related structures work together to do what our bodies are supposed to do: Move. Good bio mechanics are translated into a healthy body. Movement allows the proper distribution of blood throughout the body, aiding the transport of the nutrients every cell needs to function.

Poor bio mechanics can occur for a number of reasons, and all of them can cause low back pain:

BAD POSTURE. In our present lifestyle, static postures are kept for long periods of time, i.e. working on a computer or standing all day. The body adapts to that posture overtime, perceiving it as “normal”. Finally, that can cause conditions or injuries like herniated disks or spinal stenosis, which will be described later.

SCOLIOSIS. It’s an abnormal curve of the vertebral column, causing deformity in severe cases. An individual can be born with scoliosis, or develop it through childhood or teenage years. Patients with arthritis can develop scoliosis as well.

OTHER CAUSES. Obesity and flat foot include changes in the biomechanical distribution of the body for long periods of time. Both are risk factors for low back pain.

Disk Injury

The intervertebral disk can get injured as well, causing low back pain and other related symptoms. The most common type of disk injury is the disk herniation:

It’s also known as “slipped” or "ruptured" disk. It happens when the gel-like center of the intervertebral disk pushes against the fibrous ring that surrounds it, squeezing its way through. In early phases of the herniation, the disk has a "bump" that could compress the spinal cord. As it advances, the nucleus can spill into the spinal canal, increasing the compression of the spinal cord and the nerves.

This is a common consequence of a bad posture. The bad posture compresses the intervertebral disk unevenly, e.g. does more pressure in the anterior part of the disk. This pushes the gel-like center backward, forcing its way through and creating the bump in the weakest area of the fibrous ring.

Other causes of disk herniation include:

Accidentally with lifting, pulling, bending, or twisting with heavy loads.

Wear and tear. As we age, the intervertebral disks gradually “dry”, losing their shock-absorbing properties and making them susceptible to injury.

The symptoms of a disk herniation may vary depending on many factors such as: exact place and size of the bump, area of the nerve injured, age... to name a few. They can range from mild to severe low back pain, and often include muscle weakness, tingling, numbness, and/or burning sensation in one leg, as well as gait impairment. Symptoms can last from weeks to even years.

Spinal Stenosis

A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of a canal within the body. Therefore, a spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal, where the spinal cord goes through.

A common cause of a spinal stenosis is the collapsing of intervertebral disks. This is common with age due to “wear and tear”. The disks lose their normal height and get closer to each other, narrowing the space of the spinal cord. This is also referred as “osteoarthritis”.

The body might respond to this by growing new bone on the edges of the vertebrae - called “spurs”- which worsen the stenosis condition and could compress more nerves.

Symptoms of spinal stenosis resemble the ones of a herniated disk: mild to severe low back pain, and include tingling, burning, weakness or numbness sensations in one limb.

Traumatic Event

Specific movements like bending, lifting, or twisting with heavy loads could cause low back pain. These are usually related to muscular spasms and should cease after 48-72 hours. The pain is commonly accompanied by stiffness and soreness.

Sports Injury

Direct contact sports like rugby or football may cause low back pain. Also, over-activity can cause muscle soreness in the low back muscles. Besides the low back pain, other symptoms include stiffness and soreness that goes away in 2-3 days.

Other Causes

A stressful environment, depression, anxiety, and smoking are risk factors for low back pain.

Red Flags

If you have the following medical history or if you are experiencing the following symptoms with your low back pain, please consult a healthcare professional:

Osteoporosis.

History of cancer.

Constant pain, that doesn’t decrease despite your position or activity level.

Fever, chills.

Unexpected/unintentional weight loss.

Numbness, tingling or weakness in the groin area, both arms or both legs.

Increase of pain with coughing or sneezing.

Burning sensation while urinating.

Problems with bowels/bladder control.

Pain that prevents from sleeping.

Unresponsive back pain therapies.

Treatment

Most of the cases of low back pain -and its emotional and economic consequences- can be prevented with physical activity and an active lifestyle.

For the ongoing cases of low back pain though, physical therapy and massage therapy are two of the best options for a non-invasive treatment to this disabling condition. Both help to reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall recovery in the short-term:

Physical therapy has shown to be very effective in patients with low back pain. Furthermore, physical therapy treatment in the first two weeks of experiencing lower back pain substantially reduces costs and healthcare resources over a 2-year period. This means quality-life improvement for the patient, reducing or even avoiding painkillers and going back on track faster. (7)

Regardless of how long you’ve been experiencing low back pain, physical therapy without pharmacologic treatment is recommended as the first option of treatment. (8)

Massage therapy has shown to provide significant benefits, including relaxation, pain reduction in the short-term, and increase of mobility. (9)

Pharmacologic therapy is recommended for patients without positive outcomes of these therapies. The last resort will always be surgery.

References

Elrich, G. Low back Pain. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2003;81:671-676. Available at:http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/81/9/Ehrlich.pdf

Duthey, B. Background Paper 6.24. Low Back Pain (2004). World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/priority_medicines/BP6_24LBP.pdf

Hoy, D., March, L., Brooks, P., et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2014;73:968-974. Available at: http://ard.bmj.com/content/73/6/968

Most Americans Live With Low Back Pain - and Don’t Seek Treatment. From the American Physical Therapy Association. Alexandria, VA. April, 4, 2012. Available at: http://www.apta.org/Media/Releases/Consumer/2012/4/4/

Low Back Pain. American Association Of Neurological Surgeons. Available at: http://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Low-Back-Pain

Low Back Pain. American Academy Of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Last reviewed: Dec, 2013. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/low-back-pain/

Child, J., Fritz, J., Wu, S., Flynn, T., Wainner, R., Robertson, Eric., et al. Implications of early and guideline adherent physical therapy for low back pain on utilization and costs. BMC Health Services Research. 2015, 15:150. Available at: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-015-0830-3

Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA. Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017;166:514–530. Available at: http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2603228/noninvasive-treatments-acute-subacute-chronic-low-

          Visit our website www.elitephysiocare.ca

[Character information]

Full Name: Dorian Eugene Maddox 

Age: 40

Gender: Male 

Place of Origin: Great Falls, Montana

FC: John Bernthal 

Role within the community: Marksman/ sharpshooter

How long have they been in Sanctuary: 4.5 months

[Traits]

+ (benevolent, keen, observant)

- (competitive, daring, freewheeling)

[Connections]

N/A

[Biography]

Dorian grew up as a normal kid, with married parents, a fraternal twin brother who was nine minutes and fifteen seconds younger than him, and a golden retriever named Chester. The boy grew up in Great Falls, Montana, it wasn’t much, but it was home. Throughout school Dorian excelled in math and science with the goal of one day becoming a mechanical engineer. He was also very involved in extracurricular sports such as rugby and track and field.  After graduating at the top of his class, he had decided to take a year off, exploring his options and saving up as much money as he could working as a dishwasher at a golf club. 

It was during this time that he began to look more into the military and what sort of careers would be available to him. (this would be taking place just before the start of the Afghanistan war.) The more he looked into the marine corps, the more he wanted to change his career path. He wanted the glory of being a war hero and he wanted to feel like he was actually making a difference in the world. After his year of working and preparing to pass his basic training, he used the money he had saved and headed to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in Parris Island, South Carolina. By the time 9/11 rolled around, and the Afghanistan war had begun he was a Scout Sniper in the Special Operations Capable of the USMC, which meant that he was going off to war. 

While the idea of going to war terrified his family, he knew he would be ok. He was an exceptional soldier and an even better shot. Dorian quickly moved up the ranks, holding the record for the longest distance confirmed kill and most confirmed sniper kills in the platoon. Throughout his career as a soldier Dorian served five tours in Afghanistan, each ranging from two to four years in length. Returning from his last tour in early 2016. During this time he was a member of the team that apprehended and killed Osama Bin Laden, making him a highly decorated soldier.

After returning home from his first tour, he met the girl of his dreams. She was a nurse, administering some blood tests at one of the military hospital on base in South Carolina. Their relationship was hot and heavy, and it was like the pair were made for each-other. After Dorian returned from his second tour, he married her. After his third tour he came home and the two decided to have a baby together. He was over the moon when he found out about their child’s conception and he was over the moon about it. It was during his fourth tour that his whole world changed. While he was on base he got an unexpected phone call from his in laws, explaining that his lover had been in a horrible car wreck, resulting in her losing the pregnancy and sustaining life threatening injuries. Before she passed away in the hospital, Dorian got to tell her he loved her one last time over Skype. He never lived down the guilt of not being there with her. 

After the incident, Dorian went off the rails, going on his final tour where he had expected to die but he ended up coming home once again, this time to an empty house. Once he realized he didn’t want the house if she wasn’t going to be living there, he sold it and opted for a mobile home and a truck for moving it. He set off to the mountains with his things looking for solitude and  anything that would spark his love of life again but to no avail. He hid his emotions behind drugs and alcohol, until the infection became a global emergency. Suddenly a bottle of whiskey was a hot commodity much to his chagrin. 

Soon, he was on tour again, except this time in his own country, trying to keep the infection contained by implementing martial law in designated safe zones. Long story short, they weren’t successful and in less than a year, the small communities of survivors began to crumble and the military along with them. Dorian survived with them as long as he was able to but in less than a year he was returning to the mountains where he left his mobile home and his stockpile. Where he kept his home was nowhere near any stores or power lines, it was totally off the grid so he had made sure to always keep it fully supplied. When he returned he had more than enough resources to last him another year, but the solitude had begun to drive him mad. His voice was hoarse and raspy from not having spoken to anyone in a full year. His beard and his hair was long and scraggly. 

When supplies began to run short, he made use of the gas he had, heading wherever the road would take him, and wherever he could find resources. He managed to live and survive as a nomad for another six months, occasionally helping survivors when he was able to, but he hated the fact that most people that he ended up with, turned into collateral damage and an excuse to get injured. Eventually he stumbled upon Sanctuary, originally being very wary of the community and its people, afraid that this place was going to fall apart like every other aspect of his life had done in the past. Slowly but surely, he’s begun to settle in to what he considers to be his new home.

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                “Shut Up ‘N Drive. „

TW: Death, Mentions of Cancer

FULL NAME: Ebony Eunyoung Noh NICKNAME(S): Eb, AGE: 24 | July 1st, 1997 GENDER & PRONOUNS: Cisfemale, She/her FACE CLAIM: Sydney Park EYE COLOR: Brown HAIR COLOR: Brown (highlighted) HEIGHT: 5′5″ OCCUPATION: Mechanic @ Auto-Collision & Restoration HOMETOWN: Born in Daegu, South Korea, raised in Fallbrook, NC NEIGHBORHOOD: Eris SECRET: She used to help her ex sell drugs.

Quick Facts:

She was originally raised in Rosewood Hills with her family but once her mother passed and her father grew distant, she moved to Grandview Mobile Park

She originally learned auto repair from her uncle and went into trade school to use it as a career

Her mother passed away when she was 18 and her father hasn’t been the same ever since. Their own relationship is strained due to this

She works two jobs to make ends meet but never complains about it

She played rugby and wrestled in high school

Her mother was a nurse at the hospital, her father works in finance

She has a golden retriever named Bucky

Ebony Eunyoung Noh was born in Daegu, South Korea to Solomon and Rhonda Noh, both Fallbrook natives. At the time, Rhonda and Solomon were high school sweethearts who had married and migrated to Korea for new experiences. They didn’t expect to have a child at the very beginning of Solomon finance career but it worked out for Rhonda to stay home and take care of Ebony while he worked hard for the family. Once Rhonda expressed wanting to return home, they moved  back stateside when Ebony was only four years old and decided to be near their families while raising her. They had a very happy home life and would eventually have two more children after Ebony.

While Ebony was happy with where her future was going, she missed having her father around and he only seemed concerned with working countless hours at the finance firm. Family dinners were often had without him but her mother would stay up late to ensure that he had a hot meal on the table. Things seemed to work out for them even if outsiders saw Mr. Noh as a selfish husband and emotionally absent father, but he genuinely was trying his best. He never wanted his wife or children to want for anything, to the point he’d even felt sad once Rhonda decided to return to work as a nurse in order to help make ends meet. Their home was their pride and joy and she didn’t want him stressing so heavily over it.

High school was when Ebony decided she was going to help around with the bills as well, taking small jobs such as a clerk at the convenience store and even learning how to repair cars in her free time. She fought through the sadness despite finding out her mother had been diagnosed with terminal cancer. She never really wanted to think about what that meant for her, for her family, her father was completely broken by this and she could feel it. He started taking less hours at work to finally spend time with his family more, but he treated Rhonda so delicately that he began keeping her own children from her, ensuring they could never get her sick. This drove and even bigger wedge between Ebony and her father and that argument was the big blow up that would change their dynamic forever. She left home that day, a teenager, still in high school and knowing her mother was seeing the last of her days.

Graduation came, she was shocked that she even made it that far. At this point, she was living in a trailer park with her then boyfriend and things were not going very well for her. She was tired, pulling all-nighters to study for exam and working at the convenience store to be able to take care of herself. The saddest part of graduation day was that she’d just been told that her mother was incredibly ill and would be in the hospital likely for the rest of her days. She had to stomach that and it wasn’t easy at all. That summer, she passed away and she lost the motivation to go to college. Instead, she went to trade school to be certified for working on cars and decided that was the future she was going to live. She’d also left her job at the convenience store to fully focus on her career as a mechanic.

When she was about 21, she finally broke up with the boyfriend she’d been with on and off for years and moved out of his trailer. She couldn’t afford much on her own, so she moved into her own little trailer just a few spots down. This was also when she rescued Bucky, the dog she calls the best thing to ever happen to her. At the time, he was a newborn puppy who had just been left outside and she made it her duty to truly become his mother.

These days, she’s trying her absolute best to make amends with her father. She knows it’s something her mother would want. She’s quite knowledgeable about cars, but she also how to handle minor home repairs and can be contracted for those as well. For the most part, she keeps to herself but she’s been trying to branch out and return to that social girl she was before her mother’s untimely passing. She wants to be herself again.

Hamstring Sprain / Tendinopathy - Removemypain

Hamstrings are a group of muscles present at the back of the thigh. They extend from the sit bones in the pelvis to just below the knee joint and play an important role in daily activities such as walking & running. The names of the individual three muscles included in hamstrings are semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. These, work in opposition to the muscles in the front of the thigh (quadriceps) and the two groups of muscles together stabilize movements of the knee and pelvis.

INCIDENCE

Hamstring injuries account for approximately 12–16% of all injuries in athletes. They are seen more commonly in sports that involve sprinting, acceleration, deceleration, rapid change in direction and jumping such as football, basketball, rugby and baseball. Runners, ballet dancers and older adults who do a lot of walking are also at increased risk. Reinjury rates are high and generally require more time away from the field. Although any injury for a sportsperson is painful, this one can be quite frustrating for both the sufferer and the treating physician.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the problem. When the upper part of hamstrings is involved the most common symptom is deep buttock pain or irritation at the back of thigh (minor sprains) associated with tightness or cramping sensation. Pain can radiate down the back of thigh and is generally aggravated by physical activity such as walking, running uphill, high speed or long distance running, leaning forwards, squats and sitting on a firm surface for long duration. Morning increase in severity of pain is not uncommon in this condition. In the early stages pain may reduce after warm up and then recur after activity. This changes with time with the pain persisting throughout the day.

Partial or complete tear of hamstrings may present with severe stabbing pain, bruising with inability to weight bear or walk. Sciatic nerve is present close by and its irritation can cause pain to radiate further down the leg. In severe cases the tendon may completely tear away, often taking a piece of bone with it and this is addressed as avulsion injury.

RISK FACTORS & BIOMECHANICS

Muscle attaches to the bone with the help of a special type of tissue called tendon. To simplify, you can look at these as ropes tying the muscles to the bones. Injuries can involve the muscles or the area where the muscle transforms into the tendon (myotendinous junction) or the tendon itself. Generally the closer the injury is to the pelvis / sit bones the longer it takes to heal. Of the three muscles, biceps femoris is the most commonly injured one.

The hamstrings cross two joints and help to bend the knee and move the hip backwards (extension). They play an important role in propelling the body forwards as we move. Hamstring injury may occur by high speed mechanisms such as running or low speed mechanisms such as stretching. Sudden loading of muscle while it is stretched as while kicking a football is also a common injury mechanism.

The risk factors most consistently associated with hamstring muscle strain-type injuries are age, previous hamstring injury and quadriceps peak torque. As mentioned previously hamstrings and quadriceps oppose each another and it is not uncommon to see imbalance between the two groups of muscles with the latter being stronger. This is expressed as low hamstring to quad ratio which essentially means weaker hamstrings. Weak hamstrings can quickly turn into tight hamstrings and require hamstring to work harder which tires them easily. Tight, tired and weak muscles are predisposed to injuries. When the hamstring are injured, other nearby body muscles are called into action such as those in lower back and hip predisposing them also to injuries/ pain.

Risk factors foe hamstring injury can be classifies into modifiable and non-modifiable ones.

Modifiable risk factors

Volume of training and rapid variations

Muscle fatigue

Weak hamstrings

Repeated overloading with insufficient warm-up

Over striding during running or abruptly changing direction

Lower back, core and pelvis weakness or trunk instability

Prolonged sitting (work, cycling etc)

Biomechanical issues such as unequal leg length

Non-Modifiable risk factors

Previous hamstring injuries – most consistent risk factor with two to six times increased risk of recurrence. Most repeat injuries occur within two months of return to the sport but the risk remains elevated up to three times for an year after initial injury.

Age – teens and young adults are more likely to experience hamstring injuries as muscles do not tend to grow at the same speed as bones. Aging adults are also at a higher risk possibly due to reduced muscle cross-sectional area.

Genetics (collagen types)

HAMSTRING INJURY GRADES

Most hamstring injuries occur in the thick, central part of the muscle or where the muscle fibres join tendon. Muscle strains are graded from 1 to 3 depending on their severity

Grade 1 – or hamstring pull is most minor form and usually heals readily. Most patients with this are able to walk easily although may notice pain at the back of the leg after prolonged or quick walking.

Grade 2 – this is associated with more pain (often shooting type) and patients may struggle to walk / limp.

Grade 3 – represents more marked muscle tears including complete tears which present with more severe pain, swelling and difficulty weight bearing. These may require several months of rehabilitation.

INVESTIGATIONS

MRI scans can help confirm the diagnosis, assess severity of the problem and estimate recovery time. Proximal injuries close to pelvis and those involving increased length and cross-sectional area require longer rehabilitation.

Ultrasound scans are an alternative although are not as reliable in assessing deep portions of the muscles and are unable to identify bone oedema.

TREATMENT

Most hamstring injuries can be managed conservatively. This includes using a combination of rest, activity modification, physical therapy and medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs. Activity modification will depend on the severity of problem and does not imply complete inactivity. Approximately 20% of people with proximal hamstring tendinopathy have residual pain despite conservative management and may require further treatment such as injections.

Injection options include

Percutaneous tenotomy

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)

Steroids

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy

This is used for patients with refractory symptoms and is often in combination with the PRP treatment. It is an OPD procedure performed under local anaesthesia and ultrasound guidance. The aim of the procedure is to create an injury in the tendon by repeated punctures. As a result blood and platelets flow to the area increases, thereby promoting release of growth factors and promoting healing.

Ultrasound-Guided Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection

PRP injections are commonly used for treatment of hamstring tendinopathy and the evidence supporting their use is slowly accumulating. The procedure involves drawing out patient’s blood and placing it into a spinning machine which separates the platelets from the other blood components. This concentrated platelet layer containing growth factors is then injected into the problem area to induce tissue healing and regeneration. These injections take time to work with benefits becoming apparent 6 to 12 weeks after treatment. My practice is to perform PRP injections under ultrasound guidance and combine these with the needle tenotomy procedure mentioned previously. These injections are used in in combination with lifestyle modification and physical therapy.

Ultrasound-Guided Steroid Injection

These injections can be beneficial for some patients with chronic hamstring tendinopathy and are best avoided in treatment of acute hamstring injuries. Ultrasound guidance helps to improve the safety and accuracy of injections. The aim of thee injection is to deposit steroids in close proximity to the problem area- targeting the area around the tendon (peritendinous) and the overlying bursa. Steroids by their anti-inflammatory effects help to reduce pain, inflammation and improve sitting tolerance, provide a window of opportunity for rehabilitation.

PHYSICAL THERAPY

This is an important component of treatment irrespective of whether injections are performed or not. Continuous exercise program focusing on progressive eccentric hamstring strengthening and core stabilization is commonly used with expected recovery times from 1-3 months in majority. Other treatment goals include correcting postural imbalances and improving tissue mobility. Working on the gluteal muscles is equally important, as these are the strongest hip extensors and can assist in reducing/ sharing the hamstring load. Different phases of rehabilitation have been described for grade I and II hamstring strain injuries.

Phase 1: Focusses on protection, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs, improving soft tissue mobility via manual therapies and therapeutic exercises. In this phase one can initiate non-provocative core strengthening and gluteal and hamstring isometric exercises under guidance of a specialist. Isometric exercises contract muscles without moving them as while squeezing the buttcheeks. Progression to phase 2 occurs when able walk a normal stride without pain and when very low speed jogging is tolerated.

Phase 2: Different exercises called concentrics with shortening of muscles (such as hamstring curls) are added in this phase. End range movements are avoided.Anaerobic training and sports skills can be initiated with care, in the phase. Progression to next phase is considered when forward and backward jogging at 50% maximum speed is possible without pain.

Phase 3: In this phase, the range of exercises is increased and eccentric exercises are added. Eccentric exercises are those in which a muscle is contracting while lengthening. An example would be when one is lowering the weights down in a controlled fashion during a hamstring curl. These exercises help in strengthening and remodeling tendons. Modalities such as soft tissue mobilization and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) may be utilized along with exercises. Shockwave therapy delivers a small amount of controlled micro-trauma to the affected tendon. In order to reinitiate the natural healing process. Generally, 3-5 sessions are required to reduce pain.

Surgery may be required to deal with severe cases such as avulsion injuries or complete/extensive partial tears not responding to other treatment options.

CONNECT WITH US FOR MORE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HAMSTRING INJURIES WWW.REMOVEMYPAIN.COM

Tag =  Sport Injury Treatment in Delhi, Treatment Of Hamstring Strain

Hamstring Sprain / Tendinopathy

Hamstrings are a group of muscles present at the back of thigh. They extend from the sit bones in pelvis to just below the knee joint and play an important an important role is daily activities such as walking & running. The names of the individual three muscles included in hamstrings are semimembranosus, biceps femoris and the semitendinosus. These, work in opposition to the muscles in the front of the thigh (quadriceps) and the two group of muscles together stabilize movements of the knee and pelvis.

INCIDENCE

Hamstring injuries account for approximately 12–16% of all injuries in athletes. They are seen more commonly in sports that involve sprinting, acceleration, deceleration, rapid change in direction and jumping such as football, basketball, rugby and baseball. Runners, ballet dancers and older adults who do a lot of walking are also at increased risk. Reinjury rates are high and generally require more time away from the field. Although any injury for a sportsperson is painful, this one can be quite frustrating for both the sufferer and the treating physician.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the problem. When the upper part of hamstrings is involved the most common symptom is deep buttock pain or irritation at the back of thigh (minor sprains) associated with tightness or cramping sensation. Pain can radiate down the back of thigh and is generally aggravated by physical activity such as walking, running uphill, high speed or long distance running, leaning forwards, squats and sitting on a firm surface for long duration. Morning increase in severity of pain is not uncommon in this condition. In the early stages pain may reduce after warm up and then recur after activity. This changes with time with the pain persisting throughout the day.

Partial or complete tear of hamstrings may present with severe stabbing pain, bruising with inability to weight bear or walk. Sciatic nerve is present close by and its irritation can cause pain to radiate further down the leg. In severe cases the tendon may completely tear away, often taking a piece of bone with it and this is addressed as avulsion injury.

RISK FACTORS & BIOMECHANICS

Muscle attaches to the bone with the help of a special type of tissue called tendon. To simplify, you can look at these as ropes tying the muscles to the bones. Injuries can involve the muscles or the area where the muscle transforms into the tendon (myotendinous junction) or the tendon itself. Generally the closer the injury is to the pelvis / sit bones the longer it takes to heal. Of the three muscles, biceps femoris is the most commonly injured one.

The hamstrings cross two joints and help to bend the knee and move the hip backwards (extension). They play an important role in propelling the body forwards as we move. Hamstring injury may occur by high speed mechanisms such as running or low speed mechanisms such as stretching. Sudden loading of muscle while it is stretched as while kicking a football is also a common injury mechanism.

The risk factors most consistently associated with hamstring muscle strain-type injuries are age, previous hamstring injury and quadriceps peak torque. As mentioned previously hamstrings and quadriceps oppose each another and it is not uncommon to see imbalance between the two groups of muscles with the latter being stronger. This is expressed as low hamstring to quad ratio which essentially means weaker hamstrings. Weak hamstrings can quickly turn into tight hamstrings and require hamstring to work harder which tires them easily. Tight, tired and weak muscles are predisposed to injuries. When the hamstring are injured, other nearby body muscles are called into action such as those in lower back and hip predisposing them also to injuries/ pain.

Risk factors foe hamstring injury can be classifies into modifiable and non-modifiable ones.

Modifiable risk factors

Volume of training and rapid variations

Muscle fatigue

Weak hamstrings

Repeated overloading with insufficient warm-up

Over striding during running or abruptly changing direction

Lower back, core and pelvis weakness or trunk instability

Prolonged sitting (work, cycling etc)

Biomechanical issues such as unequal leg length

Non-Modifiable risk factors

Previous hamstring injuries – most consistent risk factor with two to six times increased risk of recurrence. Most repeat injuries occur within two months of return to the sport but the risk remains elevated up to three times for an year after initial injury.

Age – teens and young adults are more likely to experience hamstring injuries as muscles do not tend to grow at the same speed as bones. Aging adults are also at a higher risk possibly due to reduced muscle cross-sectional area.

Genetics (collagen types)

HAMSTRING INJURY GRADES

Most hamstring injuries occur in the thick, central part of the muscle or where the muscle fibres join tendon. Muscle strains are graded from 1 to 3 depending on their severity

Grade 1 – or hamstring pull is most minor form and usually heals readily. Most patients with this are able to walk easily although may notice pain at the back of the leg after prolonged or quick walking.

Grade 2 – this is associated with more pain (often shooting type) and patients may struggle to walk / limp.

Grade 3 – represents more marked muscle tears including complete tears which present with more severe pain, swelling and difficulty weight bearing. These may require several months of rehabilitation.

INVESTIGATIONS

MRI scans can help confirm the diagnosis, assess severity of the problem and estimate recovery time. Proximal injuries close to pelvis and those involving increased length and cross-sectional area require longer rehabilitation.

Ultrasound scans are an alternative although are not as reliable in assessing deep portions of the muscles and are unable to identify bone oedema.

TREATMENT

Most hamstring injuries can be managed conservatively. This includes using a combination of rest, activity modification, physical therapy and medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs. Activity modification will depend on the severity of problem and does not imply complete inactivity. Approximately 20% of people with proximal hamstring tendinopathy have residual pain despite conservative management and may require further treatment such as injections.

Injection options include

Percutaneous tenotomy

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)

Steroids

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy

This is used for patients with refractory symptoms and is often in combination with the PRP treatment. It is an OPD procedure performed under local anaesthesia and ultrasound guidance. The aim of the procedure is to create an injury in the tendon by repeated punctures. As a result blood and platelets flow to the area increases, thereby promoting release of growth factors and promoting healing.

Ultrasound-Guided Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection

PRP injections are commonly used for treatment of hamstring tendinopathy and the evidence supporting their use is slowly accumulating. The procedure involves drawing out patient’s blood and placing it into a spinning machine which separates the platelets from the other blood components. This concentrated platelet layer containing growth factors is then injected into the problem area to induce tissue healing and regeneration. These injections take time to work with benefits becoming apparent 6 to 12 weeks after treatment. My practice is to perform PRP injections under ultrasound guidance and combine these with the needle tenotomy procedure mentioned previously. These injections are used in in combination with lifestyle modification and physical therapy.

Ultrasound-Guided Steroid Injection

These injections can be beneficial for some patients with chronic hamstring tendinopathy and are best avoided in treatment of acute hamstring injuries. Ultrasound guidance helps to improve the safety and accuracy of injections. The aim of thee injection is to deposit steroids in close proximity to the problem area- targeting the area around the tendon (peritendinous) and the overlying bursa. Steroids by their anti-inflammatory effects help to reduce pain, inflammation and improve sitting tolerance, provide a window of opportunity for rehabilitation.

PHYSICAL THERAPY

This is an important component of treatment irrespective of whether injections are performed or not. Continuous exercise program focusing on progressive eccentric hamstring strengthening and core stabilization is commonly used with expected recovery times from 1-3 months in majority. Other treatment goals include correcting postural imbalances and improving tissue mobility. Working on the gluteal muscles is equally important, as these are the strongest hip extensors and can assist in reducing/ sharing the hamstring load. Different phases of rehabilitation have been described for grade I and II hamstring strain injuries.

Phase 1: Focusses on protection, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs , improving soft tissue mobility via manual therapies and therapeutic exercises. In this phase one can initiate non-provocative core strengthening and gluteal and hamstring isometric exercises under guidance of a specialist. Isometric exercises contract muscles without moving them as while squeezing the buttcheeks. Progression to phase 2 occurs when able walk a normal stride without pain and when very low speed jogging is tolerated.

Phase 2: Different exercises called concentrics with shortening of muscles (such as hamstring curls) are added in this phase. End range movements are avoided.Anaerobic training and sports skills can be initiated with care, in the phase. Progression to next phase is considered when forward and backward jogging at 50% maximum speed is possible without pain.

Phase 3: In this phase the range of exercises in increased and eccentric exercises are added. Eccentric exercises are those in which a muscle is contracting while lengthening. An example would be when one is lowering the weights down in a controlled fashion during a hamstring curl. These exercises help in strengthening and remodelling of tendons. Modalities such as soft tissue mobilization and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) may be utilised along with exercises. Shockwave therapy delivers a small amount of controlled micro-trauma to the affected tendon. In order to reinitiate the natural healing process. Generally 3-5 sessions are required toreduce pain.

Surgery may be required to deal with severe cases such as avulsion injuries orcomplete/extensive partial tears not responding to other treatment options.

Tags= Back Pain Treatment in India Knee Pain Treatment in India

How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting App

Cost to Develop a Sports Betting App

Sports Betting Apps are also growing their demands with an increasing period of this time. Sports Betting which is otherwise called gambling is certainly not new thing in right now. Individuals do gambling of wagering from an early time and significantly wagering or betting is for individuals who are sports darlings, Sports like Rugby, Basketball, tennis, baseball, cricket, football and numerous different sorts of sports. Would you like to launch a Sports Betting app?

So here In this article, we will discuss the How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting App? in detail, the advantages of launching a betting application, the fundamental or key highlights of a Betting application and How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting application.

Is it profitable to launch a Sports Betting App in the market?

Yes, it is very profitable to launch a Sports betting app on the market. Individuals are Still going betting or gambling on the sporting event likewise like prior occasions. The only change is that now we have technology so individuals allude to technology for performing different exercises and furthermore for using different services.

Assuming you are consider starting any new business or online startup, you Know Cost to Develop a Sports betting app. In this application, individuals can register themselves and associate with comparable sorts of betting or gambling lovers. Through this application service, they can wager on any sporting events to anybody from the side of the earth. In the event that the client wins, he/she gets the prize however assuming the client loses, he/she can lose the costs.

What are the key features which we provide for a Sports betting app?

The Sports Betting app mainly consists of two main panels, the first panel is for the user and the second panel is for the Admin. Let’s discuss the basic or key features of Sports betting app in more details:

· User Panel

· User login sign up the module.

· After registration, the user can create their account by adding basic personal information.

· Betting guide document

· View the details of the players.

· Choose the Sports game and the player.

· Users are able to watch the live match.

· Connect with other people.

· Chat module

· Video chat module.

· Able to predict its score

· Payment Module integration.

· Multiple language integration.

· Check the end results.

· Provides review and ratings.

· Admin Panel

· Admin login module.

· Manage the user profile.

· Track the current performance of the app.

· Premium feature management.

· Ads management.

· Prizes and reward management.

· Live match management.

· Push notification.

· Winner management.

· Content management.

· Reviews and rating management.

· Payment management.

· Sports Betting App

How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting app?

As we have already discussed every one of the significant things about the betting application. So we should discuss the main piece of this article, the cost to developing a Sports Betting app. The expense of a Betting application or Various sort of mobile app exceptionally relies upon a portion of the factors like:

· Mobile app designing (UI/UX design)

· The complexity of mobile designing.

· Basic features of the app.

· The advanced functionality of the app.

· Mobile Developer’s experience.

· Mobile Technology platform (Android, IOS or both):

Costing:

The estimated cost of developing a Sports betting app is 5000–8000 USD. The App Ideas is quite possibly the most famous IT Service firms. We are giving the best IT answer for Website, game and Mobile application development. As we have Worked on different Mobile apps which have comparative highlights like Betting applications. Alongside this, we give the best answer for a wide range of IT service development at the best rates.

Why Choose Dxminds As Your Technology Partner?

DxMinds is one of the leading mobile app development companies in Dubai with a number of successful projects under its belt. As is obvious in our portfolio, Intelegain has helped a few prominent businesses just as small start-ups in acquiring a mechanical upper hand with mobile apps that are fit to their hierarchical necessities. From complex undertaking to web-based media and travel applications-We have done everything!

DxMinds, a renowned product engineering, and App development company in Dubai for delivering the highest quality mobile and web solutions. We are the globally trusted digital transformation partner having innovation Lab in Bangalore and offices in USA and UAE.

To know more about DxMinds Technologies such as Mobile App Development Company Dubai reach us at +971 50 152 9161 or Visit our Website Dedicated Mobile App Developers. Reach us at [email protected]

OUR GLOBAL SERVICES LOCATIONS:

· Mobile App Development Companies in Dubai

· Mobile App Development Companies in Saudi Arabia

· Mobile App Development Companies in Kuwait

· Mobile App Development Companies in Oman Muscat

· Mobile App Development Companies in Abu Dhabi

How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting App

Cost to Develop a Sports Betting AppSports Betting Apps are also growing their demands with an increasing period of this time. Sports Betting which is otherwise called gambling is certainly not new thing in right now. Individuals do gambling of wagering from an early time and significantly wagering or betting is for individuals who are sports darlings, Sports like Rugby, Basketball, tennis, baseball, cricket, football and numerous different sorts of sports. Would you like to launch a Sports Betting app?

So here In this article, we will discuss the How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting App? in detail, the advantages of launching a betting application, the fundamental or key highlights of a Betting application and How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting application.

Is it profitable to launch a Sports Betting App in the market? Yes, it is very profitable to launch a Sports betting app on the market. Individuals are Still going betting or gambling on the sporting event likewise like prior occasions. The only change is that now we have technology so individuals allude to technology for performing different exercises and furthermore for using different services.

Assuming you are consider starting any new business or online startup, you Know Cost to Develop a Sports betting app. In this application, individuals can register themselves and associate with comparable sorts of betting or gambling lovers. Through this application service, they can wager on any sporting events to anybody from the side of the earth. In the event that the client wins, he/she gets the prize however assuming the client loses, he/she can lose the costs. What are the key features which we provide for a Sports betting app? The Sports Betting app mainly consists of two main panels, the first panel is for the user and the second panel is for the Admin. 

Let’s discuss the basic or key features of Sports betting app in more details: · User Panel · User login sign up the module. · After registration, the user can create their account by adding basic personal information. · Betting guide document · View the details of the players. · Choose the Sports game and the player. · Users are able to watch the live match. · Connect with other people. · Chat module · Video chat module. · Able to predict its score · Payment Module integration. · Multiple language integration. · Check the end results. · Provides review and ratings. · Admin Panel · Admin login module. · Manage the user profile. · Track the current performance of the app. · Premium feature management. · Ads management. · Prizes and reward management. · Live match management. · Push notification. · Winner management. · Content management. · Reviews and rating management. · Payment management. · Sports Betting App

How much does it cost to develop a Sports Betting app? As we have already discussed every one of the significant things about the betting application. So we should discuss the main piece of this article, the cost to developing a Sports Betting app. The expense of a Betting application or Various sort of mobile app exceptionally relies upon a portion of the factors like: · Mobile app designing (UI/UX design) · The complexity of mobile designing. · Basic features of the app. · The advanced functionality of the app. · Mobile Developer’s experience. · Mobile Technology platform (Android, IOS or both) Costing: The estimated cost of developing a Sports betting app is 5000–8000 USD. The App Ideas is quite possibly the most famous IT Service firms. We are giving the best IT answer for Website, game and Mobile application development. As we have Worked on different Mobile apps which have comparative highlights like Betting applications. Alongside this, we give the best answer for a wide range of IT service development at the best rates.

Why Choose DxMinds As Your Technology Partner? DxMinds is one of the leading mobile app development companies in Dubai with a number of successful projects under its belt. As is obvious in our portfolio, Intelegain has helped a few prominent businesses just as small start-ups in acquiring a mechanical upper hand with mobile apps that are fit to their hierarchical necessities. From complex undertaking to web-based media and travel applications-We have done everything!

DxMinds, a renowned product engineering, and App development company in Dubai for delivering the highest quality mobile and web solutions. We are the globally trusted digital transformation partner having innovation Lab in Bangalore and offices in USA and UAE

To know more about DxMinds Technologies such as Mobile App Development Company Dubai reach us at +971 50 152 9161 or Visit our Website Dedicated Mobile App Developers. Reach us at [email protected]

OUR GLOBAL SERVICES LOCATIONS: · Mobile App Development Companies in Dubai · Mobile App Development Companies in Saudi Arabia · Mobile App Development Companies in Kuwait · Mobile App Development Companies in Oman Muscat · Mobile App Development Companies in Abu Dhabi