Trolls Cookbook Text

Troll Slaw

Ingredients

-9 Trolls, shredded -2 pounds of green cabbage -1 Teaspoon Caraway seeds -3 cups of mayonnaise -2 tablespoons white vinegar -1 clove garlic, minced -1 teaspoon dijon mustard -2 carrots, grated (1 cup)

Directions

In a large bowl, toss Trolls with 1 tbsp salt. Cover with ice water, refrigerate for 1 hour. This will preserve their color.

Drain the chilled Trolls, then squeeze in a towel to absorb any excess moisture. While simple, this is the most important step. The dressing will coat much better to a dry Troll.

Return to the large bowl. Stir in carrots and toasted caraway seeds. Add dressing and stir well.

Filet of Troll

Ingredients

-1/2 lbs filet of Trolls, trimmed and tied -5 tablespoons unsalted butter -1 tbsp salt -1 tbsp pepper

Directions

Preheat the oven to 451 degrees F. Place the Trolls on a sheet pan and pat them down. Use your hands to spread the butter over them. If they laugh, don't be alarmed. Trolls are ticklish by nature. Sprinkle the sale and pepper, evenly.

Roast in the oven for exactly 24 minutes. Remove the trolls from the oven, cover them tightly with aluminum foil, and allow them to rest at room temperature for 20 minutes. Remove the strings and slice the filet of trolls thickly.

Beef Trollganoff

Directions

Slice trolls against the grain into 1 inch strips. Trolls may lose color when you begin slicing. This is normal.

Cook Trolls using same skillet until brown. Heat to boil; reduce heat. Cover and simmer for 15 minutes. Stir into Troll mixture. Serve over noodles. Enjoy!

Ingredients

-1 1/2 pounds Troll -8 ounces day-old mushrooms, sliced -2 medium onions, thinly sliced -1/4 cups margarine -1 1/2 cups Troll-flavored broth -1/4 teaspoon salt -1 teaspoon worcestershire sauce -1/2 cup all purpose flour -1 1/2 cups sour cream -3 cups cooked egg noodles

Spicy Tuna Troll

Ingredients -5 cups sushi rice -2 sheets dry seaweed -3 tbsp white sesame seeds -4 lbs sushi-grade Trolls -1 cup mayonnaise -1/4 tbsp of dry chili pepper

Directions

Chop trolls and mix with mayonnaise and chili-pepper. Put a sheet of seaweed on a mat. Spread a portion of rice on top of the sheet. Sprinkle sesame seeds on top of the sushi rice. Please a portion of troll mixture lengthwise on the rice. Roll the mat, pressing forward to shape the sushi into a cylinder. Firmly press the mat and remove it from the sushi.

Cut the rolls into bite size pieces. Enjoy!

Jellied Cassetroll

Ingredients

-1 box of gelatin mix -12-17 Trolls -16 oz of sour cream -8 oz whipped topping -2 cups boiling water

Directions

Dissolve gelatin mixture in boiling water for 2 minutes. Add Trolls, chopped. Blend mixture with a hand mixer until the Trolls and gelatin have adequately mixed. Place in the fridge for 2-3 hours or until the gelatin mixture sets half way.

Lightly fold in the sour cream and whipped topping. Pour the entire mixture into a mold of your choice. This is where you get creative! Troll Hair molds, Trollstice molds, a mold for every occasion!

Fruity Troll Roll

Directions

Mix all the ingredients except chocolate in a large bowl. Stir thoroughly and place on a foil covered tray. Refrigerate until needed.

Form into two logs, using greased hands. If Troll hair protrudes from log, don't worry. This is great for presentation and adds a bit of color to the dish!

Melt chocolate while logs chill. Once melted, pour over logs. You may notice a few shouts or screams when you begin pouring the chocolate. This lets you know the chocolate is the perfect temperature! Chill the logs in the fridge.

Slice with a serrated knife to serve.

How Many Tablespoons Are in an Oz?

Whether you're a beginner cook or an experienced baker, understanding how measurements work is important. It's a good way to ensure that your recipes turn out perfectly every time!

Measuring out ingredients for cooking and baking can be difficult if you don't know how to convert between tablespoons and ounces. But don't worry - we're here to help!

Introduction

Whether you are a home cook or a professional chef, understanding how many tablespoons are in an ounce can help you prepare meals correctly. In fact, knowing how to convert between ounces and tablespoons can also save you time when weighing ingredients.

The ounce is a unit of measurement that is used in the United States, Mexico, and the UK. It is considered the most precise form of measurement. However, it is not the only way to measure ingredients in the kitchen.

Tablespoons are a volume unit in imperial, United States Customary, and metric measurement systems. They are equal to 3 teaspoons, 1/16 cup, 0.5 fluid ounces, or 15 milliliters.

A US ounce is equal to 1/2 a United States liquid pint, 0.000014787 cubic meters, or 18 milliliters. The Imperial ounce is equal to 0.625 imperial fluid ounces, and the Australian ounce is 2/3 fl oz, 4 teaspoons, or 20 milliliters.

Converting between ounces and tablespoons can be confusing, especially when you are cooking in multiple countries. Luckily, we have a quick and easy guide that will walk you through how to convert ounces to tablespoons (and vice versa) so that you can cook your favorite recipes with ease.

What is a tablespoon?

A tablespoon is a unit of measurement used for cooking and serving food. It is typically equal to about 15 milliliters (mL) or 0.5 fluid ounces (fl oz).

In the United States, a tablespoon is often abbreviated as T or tbsp. Sometimes, you can also see a T or TB with no period.

The metric system has a different capacity for a tablespoon than the imperial system. However, the difference in volume is small enough that American and metric measuring spoons can be interchanged without significantly changing recipes.

Tablespoons can be used to measure a wide range of items. They are especially useful for liquids, oils, and extracts.

When using a tablespoon in a recipe, you should always use the correct unit of measure. This is important for both safety and accuracy.

What is an ounces?

An ounce (oz) is the smallest measurement unit of mass, weight or volume. It is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

It is the standard unit of measurement in the United States and the United Kingdom, symbolised by the abbreviation "oz". It is used to measure liquids, such as milk, water and juice.

In the US customary system, it is 1/16 avoirdupois pound; in the British imperial system, it is 28.349523125 grams.

To determine how much a recipe calls for in grams, first weigh the ingredient on a scale. Then use the corresponding conversion tool or standard formulas to convert it to ounces.

Grams and ounces are two common units of measurement in cooking, used to measure the amount of ingredients. Understanding the difference between these terms is essential for accurate measurements in your recipes.

In the UK and the US, ounces are commonly used in measuring packaged foods, food portions, postal items, areal density of fabric and paper, boxing gloves and many other common trade goods. It is also widely used to measure recipes in cookbooks and to weight bulk dry goods.

How many tablespoons are in an ounce?

A tablespoon and an ounce are common kitchen measuring units that home cooks use to measure liquid ingredients. However, many people are confused when it comes to converting between these two measurements.

One ounce is a measurement of weight and volume that is used in many countries around the world. It is equal to two tablespoons or six teaspoons in the customary system, and 0.2 milliliters in the metric system.

Converting between ounces and tablespoons is important for many recipes, especially when it comes to dry ingredients. A lot of these ingredients are similar in density, which makes it easier to convert between these two units.

The easiest way to find out how many tablespoons are in an ounce is to use a measuring spoon marked with this unit of measurement. This will help you ensure that your recipe is correct every time.

How to convert tablespoons to ounces?

If you’re a home cook, it’s important to know how to measure ingredients accurately so your dishes turn out exactly the way you want them to. This is especially true when it comes to measuring liquids.

There are two main measurements used in cooking – tablespoons and ounces. Tablespoons are commonly used to measure liquids, while ounces are often used to measure dry ingredients such as flour and sugar.

Once you know the equivalency of ounces and tablespoons, it’s easy to convert between them accurately when measuring out liquid ingredients.

However, if you’re measuring out dry ingredients, it’s a good idea to use a kitchen scale to ensure that your measurement is accurate.

The amount of fluid ounces that you need to measure out can vary depending on the density of the ingredient you’re using. For example, water has a density of 1 g/ml and is equal to 0.2 teaspoons. But this isn’t always the case for other substances like sugar and butter, so you’ll need to check the recipe’s ingredient list to make sure that you’re measuring out the correct amount of fluid ounces.

Recipes using measurement of tbsp in an oz

If you’re a cook, baker or a cook who uses a lot of recipes, knowing how many tablespoons are in an ounce can be extremely useful. This will help you measure out ingredients correctly and ensure that you get the right amount of any given ingredient.

Tablespoons are a common cooking measurement used in most recipes. They’re also a great way to get a quick estimate of how much of an ingredient you need.

In addition, they can be helpful when converting between different types of measurements. For example, you may want to use tablespoons to measure out dry ingredients such as flour and sugar, but you might choose ounces when measuring liquids like butter or oil.

To convert between ounces and tablespoons, the easiest thing to do is multiply the number of tablespoons by two. This will result in the same number of ounces you need for the recipe. This can be done with a simple formula or by consulting an online calculator or conversion chart.

Frequently Asked Questions

Having an understanding of how many tablespoons are in an ounce will help you to cook and bake successfully. Whether you are making a quick breakfast or an elaborate dessert, knowing how to convert between ounces and tablespoons will help you to get the correct measurements for your ingredients.

Converting between ounces and tablespoons can be confusing, but it is important to know how these conversions work. It is also crucial to know how to use them when cooking and baking.

A tablespoon is a unit of volume that can be measured with a measuring spoon. It can be used to measure dry ingredients, such as sugar and flour. It is important to use a level spoon and to lightly fill it, rather than packing the ingredient into the spoon, to get an accurate measurement.

Tablespoons are also used to measure liquid ingredients, such as butter or water. They can be measured with a measuring spoon or an accurately scaled kitchen scale. They are also frequently used to portion out small amounts of ingredients in recipes.

Does 2 tablespoons equal 1 oz?

A tablespoon is a small measure but can have a big impact! Lots of just two tablespoons make up an entire ounce. In fact, halve that amount and you've still got one whole tablespoon – the perfect proportion for 1/2 ounce of water. If five are combined? Then it's like having 2-and-a-half ounces in your cup!

How many tablespoons are in one ounce dry?

To ensure the perfect combination of ingredients for your recipe, use a kitchen scale or measuring cups to accurately weigh or measure the number of dry ounces required. Remember each ounce contains four tablespoons and every fluid ounce encompasses two scoops from that tablespoon-filled spoon!

How many ounces are in a dry tablespoon?

Accurately measuring small quantities is made easy with the simple equation of two tablespoons to an ounce. Knowing this rule can save you a tablespoon-ful of time when whipping up your favorite recipes, such as those calling for nuts or cocoa powder!

How much is 1 oz in teaspoons or tablespoons?

Have you ever wondered how to quickly convert teaspoons into fluid ounces? Well, now we know! All it takes is a simple division of the number of tsp by 6 - that’s our handy conversion factor.

Does 4 tablespoons equal 1 ounce?

Convert your ounces to tablespoons in no time! Every ounce is equal to two tablespoons, meaning if you have four ounces it's the same as eight of those trusty little table spoons. Need 10? That’s 20 for the win. So don't worry about breaking out a calculator - after all this quick conversion knowledge, you'll be ready to get cooking (or baking).

Does 1 tablespoon equal 1 ounce?

A tablespoon is so much more than a kitchen utensil! Whether you're perfecting your favorite recipe, blending medicinal herbs, or measuring ingredients for baking - the trusty tablespoon comes in handy. Equal to one-sixteenth of an American cup, half as many fluid ounces and 15 milliliters – it's sure to make all types of creations easier (and tastier)!

What is a 1 oz measure?

Don't get flustered when it comes to ounces and cups- the conversion is easy! If a recipe calls for one ounce, simply substitute with 1/8th of a cup. Even measuring cups offer simple shortcuts: their markings allow you to directly measure out half or quarter cups in an instant - no need for conversions there!

What can I use to measure 1 oz?

Measure out ingredients with precise accuracy by using a measuring cup marked in ounces or easily converted. Let it overflow as you lift the cup, then even everything out afterwards with a knife for precision!

Conclusion

A tablespoon is a handy kitchen tool, especially when it comes to stirring up tasty treats like your favorite hot chocolate or a piping hot cup of tea. But did you know that a tbsp actually measures up to one fluid ounce?

This may come as a surprise to many seasoned cooks, but this unit of measure has a long and varied history that dates back to 1660 in England. It was a time when people preferred drinking hot beverages in small cups, and the large spoons of the day just weren’t cutting it.

Knowing how many tbsp are in an ounce is an important piece of knowledge to have, particularly if you’re a foodie or a cooking enthusiast. This will help you get the right measurements for your recipes, and you can also save yourself some trouble when converting from one measurement to another. The trick is to keep a few handy conversion charts on hand for the times you’re in doubt, or need to compare two different systems for accuracy purposes.

COLD, FEVER AND FLU TREATMENT IN CHILDREN: MEDICATIONS AND HOME REMEDIES

HOW CAN I TREAT MY CHILD'S COLD SYMPTOMS? Maybe it starts with the sniffles. Maybe it starts with a cough and mild aches and pains. Maybe it’s a long day with an upset stomach. Whatever the cause, curing your child’s cold symptoms is going to take some know-how. This is a great place to start. Using this visual guide, discover how to relieve your sick children at home and restore them to good health. Discover which medical treatments are effective remedies for the common cold. Also, learn how to safely give over-the-counter (OTC) medication if needed to ease a fever, sore throat, runny nose, or other common cold symptom. IS IT A LOW-GRADE FEVER, OR MORE SERIOUS? Does your child’s forehead feel hot? Does he or she wake up in a cold sweat? Fevers can be scary, but how hot does one need to be before a parent should find a way to cool it? According to pediatricians, if your child is warmer than 100.4 degrees, he or she may be at an increased health risk. Call the doctor if your child is this warm and is fewer than 6 months old, shows other symptoms, has been feverish for three days or longer, or has yet to be vaccinated. If these are not the case, it is generally safe to use children's ibuprofen or acetaminophen as common cold remedies, which have the additional benefit of pain relief. Aspirin should never be given to anyone under age 19. Asprin use in children elevates the risk of Reye's syndrome, a serious but rare illness that can harm the brain and liver. HOW ELSE CAN I BRING MY CHILD’S TEMPERATURE DOWN? Beyond calling the doctor and offering over-the-counter medication to your child, there are a few other ways to help reduce their high temperature. Try a sponge bath. Use water that is lukewarm.Avoid rubbing alcohol, cold water, and ice.Instead of piling on blankets, make sure your child is resting at a comfortable temperature and is dressed lightly.Watch out for dehydration symptoms.If your infant’s diaper is dry, has a dry tongue or mouth, or is feeding poorly, call a health-care professional immediately or go to the nearest emergency room.For older children showing signs of dehydration such as not urinating frequently enough, not drinking well, or acting abnormally, call the pediatrician. WHEN TO CALL THE PEDIATRICIAN When your child has a high fever or is dehydrated, you need to call the doctor right away. But outside of overheating and dehydration, when else should you seek medical care? Here are some guidelines: Call if you suspect your baby under 12 months old might have the flu;Call if your baby under 12 months old is not urinating or drinking frequently enough;Call if your child’s nasal mucus is either green or yellow, or if you notice any discharge after a period of 10 days, or if discharge appears to come from his or her eyes;Call if the child is feverish for three days or longer. Some situations are even more serious, and require an immediate trip to the emergency room. Go to the emergency room if your child has difficulty breathing, seems very sick, will not to eat or drink, shows signs of a rash, or anytime you are concerned. Believe it or not, the answer is yes, for a few reasons. For one, there have been studies that show a connection between eating chicken soup and reducing inflammation. Even without the possible inflammation-reducing powers of chicken soup, it's a nutritious brew that can improve health and help promote hydration. But don’t stop at just chicken soup. Give your sick child lots of other fluids, like milk, water, or an electrolyte solution like Pedialyte or Gatorade. Other Home Remedies Steam is a great way to help a stuffy nose, and that can help remedy the pain of congestion. Have your child inhale steam from a hot shower or a cool mist vaporizer. Menthol chest rubs can also be helpful. They help loosen mucus to be coughed out. A word of warning: Do not use medicated vapor on anyone under age 2. Finally, after nose-blowing has left your child’s face a little raw, try petroleum jelly under the nose to soothe irritated skin. HOW DO I RELIEVE A SORE THROAT AND COUGH?

Usually colds are the culprits when it comes to sore throats, and they tend to last about four or five days. How to relieve a sore throat depends on age. Children over 2 can find relief from a warm, caffeinate-free tea or water with about 1/2 tsp. of honey with lemon.Children over 1 can receive 1 tsp. of buckwheat honey for cough relief.Children 6 and older can find relief from over-the-counter lozenges with anesthetic that helps ease pain. Hard candy is another suitable option—sugar-free being best for their health. A warm salt water gargle may also be helpful. Strep throat tends to arise quickly. Sometimes strep comes with no other cold symptoms. If you think your child has strep, call your doctor for a strep test and antibiotics if necessary. AT WHAT AGE CAN MY CHILD TAKE COUGH OR COLD MEDICINE? If your child is under age 4, don't give him or her cough medicine or over-the-counter cold medication. These OTC medications will do little to help symptoms in toddlers, according to several studies. Not only are they ineffective, but these medications may cause serious and potentially life-threatening side effects in young children. Instead, give your child extra fluids to prevent dehydration. Employ a nasal aspirator and a humidifier to further restore health. ONE MEDICINE OR TWO? Medications that relieve multiple symptoms may be tempting, but use them cautiously. Stick with medications that match your child’s symptoms. That means it’s OK to use multi-symptom over-the-counter treatment – just as long as those symptoms match the ones your child is suffering from. To make sure you’re not over-medicating your child, read the directions on the back of all medication and follow them carefully. If your OTC medicine came with a measuring device, use it. Don't choose products that treat symptoms your child isn’t suffering from. A multi-symptom cold medicine would be a poor choice, for example, for a child who is only experiencing a sore throat. USING TWO MEDICINES? DON'T DOUBLE UP ON A DRUG When administering medication to children, read the label carefully. Don't give your child two over-the-counter medications with the same active ingredients, which could lead to an overdose. Oftentimes children's cold medications come with acetaminophen -- the same as Tylenol. So if you don’t read carefully, it can be shockingly simple to over medicate your child. Medicine comes with a “drug facts” box, which is a great place to start. Compare ingredients found there to reduce the risk of an overdose. WHEN SHOULD I CHOOSE A DECONGESTANT, AN EXPECTORANT, OR A SUPPRESSANT? Decongestants and expectorants work in different ways, and both remedies can lead your child to better health when used in the right way. Stuffy nasal passages shrink when decongestants are used. This helps relieve pain. These forms of medication are available as nasal sprays or drops or as oral treatments. Nasal drops or sprays should be discontinued after being used for two or three days straight. On the other hand, expectorants help to thin mucus, making it easier to cough up. For an expectorant to work properly, your child needs to drink plenty of water. Cough suppressants don't do much in the way of removing mucus. That’s why it is often not to suppress a cough, even the cough is keeping a child awake at night. Don’t give any cold medication to anyone under 4 without speaking to your child’s doctor. FINDING THE RIGHT DOSE Over-the-counter treatments can be a great remedy for the common cold, but exercise caution when using them. Administer OTC medication only according to the directions. Make sure you base the dosage on your child's weight and age. And don’t forget to read the "Warnings" sections for potential side effects and drug interactions. Also be mindful of these common abbreviations often found on labels: Tbsp (tablespoon) and Tsp (teaspoon),oz. (ounces),ml. (milliliter), andmg. (milligram). Those are all very different measurements. Also, use the measuring device that is packaged with the medication for most accurate dosing. IT’S TIME FOR A DOSE: SHOULD I WAKE MY SICK CHILD UP? One of the best common cold remedies is rest, so let your children sleep as much as they need to. If you need to skip a dose of over-the-counter medicine so that your child may sleep longer, go ahead and skip the medicine. Remember: you’ll have a chance to administer that medicine again when your child wakes up, or possibly the next morning. Take your child to a doctor if he or she has been taking an OTC medicine for four days or longer. It can make a difference. Common kitchen spoons vary in size. It is safer to use the cup or spoon that comes with over-the-counter medication. Wondering what to do if no measuring device came with the medication? The label will recommend something like 2 teaspoons be administered. In that case, use an actual dosing cup or measuring spoon that comes with teaspoon marks. You can then rest easy knowing you’ve given him or her the right amount. SHOULD I GIVE ANOTHER DOSE IF MY CHILD VOMITS? So the first dose didn’t agree with your child, who went and spit it out or vomited after taking medicine. A concerned parent may want to follow up with another full dose, but don’t do it. Some of that medication may have been absorbed, and if you give another full dose you risk overdosing him or her. It’s better to call the pediatrician in times like this. If your child tends to spit up medication because he or she doesn’t like it, ask your pharmacist if it’s alright to mix the remedy with a bit of food or drink. It is never a good idea to give your child OTC treatments designed for adults. You can do no better than guess at how much your child might need, and some remedies are specifically formulated for adults and should not be administered to children. For that reason, avoid any products not specifically labeled for use in infants, babies, or children with the words "for pediatric use." DON'T CALL OTC MEDICINE "CANDY." You may be tempted to call medicine “candy” in order to encourage your children to take it. But it’s not a good idea. Little kids love to imitate the adults in their lives. To make sure you’re setting the best possible example, consider these tips: Try to avoid taking medicine in front of your children, whether it’s for a prescription or over-the-counter.Never call any medication "candy."Avoid rewarding children with medication that tastes sweet -- children's vitamins included. Instead, offer a favorite drink after medicine has been administered to help wash away the taste click here to read and get manuka honey click here to get manuka honey lozengers Read the full article

So... Here's a cute mental image for you, Ven and Namine baking cookies together, or baking a cake, or some other baked dessert that is viewed as cute. For comedy, imagine them not really understanding the abbreviations or being incredibly literal.

D'aaaaaaw ♥ I hope youdon’t mind that I got a little carried away… ^^”

(’Short’ ficlet following. Ijust wrote it down like that, so please don’t mind bad sentences andoveruse of the same expressions xD)

“A paopu cake?”

A smile spreadon Naminé’s face and she nodded excitedly, pulling a small yellowstar shaped fruit with a single green leaf hanging from its stem outof her shopping basket.

“Wouldn’t this bethe perfect ingredient for my ‘Thank you for taking me in’ cake forTerra and Aqua? ”

Ven bit his lip, unsure ofwhat to say to the girl in front of him. She looked so happy andheaven knew how few occasions she had had in the past to be genuinelyhappy.

“I mean, I’m sure thatthey will appreciate it, but why a paopu? Why not… cherries orraspberries?”

“Why not apaopu?” She retorted with another smile, twirling around beforeputting the fuit down on the counter to reach for a mixing bowl.

“You know that Terraisn’t fond of sweet things and apparently, paopus have a reallyspecial taste. Sweet, but not too sweet, fruity, but not too fruity.Well, Kairi’s descriptions don’t really seem to make sense, but shesays it tasted amazing.”

She turned back to Ven andwinked at him. “And Sora apparently agrees.”

A grin started to spreadon Ven’s lips and he jumped into action, helping Naminé to gathersupplies.

“Really, they finallyshared one? About time!”

He hesitated in the middleof pulling out the electric mixer.

“But that’s what I mean,you know? Wouldn’t eating this cake mean that Terra and Aqua wouldshare a paopu, too? I mean, I’m all for it, but shouldn’t they beable to decide to do it themselves?”

Naminé tsk-ed in responseand took the mixer out of his hands.

“It’s not like I’mmaking a secret out of it! Especially since I found this cute starshaped cake pan the other day, I can literally make a paopucake! I’ll just take the original paopu stem and leaf and push itinto the cake and voilà!”

She danced around Ven backto the dinner table to fetch the products she had bought at themarket half an hour ago and started unpacking them, too.

“Also, it’s not like thetwo of them aren’t connected already. They have been connectedthrough fate, through your Wayfinders, through your memories to whichI had access because I had access to Sora’s memories and you wereinside of his heart… it’s not like a little paopu would changeanything, right?”

“Well…”

“Oh come on, Ven!Please?”

Naminé pushed her lowerlip out and made her best expression of a pout. With a sigh, Ven gavein.

“Fine!”

“Great!” Sheshoved the recipe into Ven’s hands and turned to the sink to wash herhands.

“Can you read the recipeto me?”

Ven nodded and looked atthe recipe.

“Separate one egg andbeat the egg white and a pinch of salt until stiff peaks form.”

His eyebrows furrowed inconfusion.

“A pinch of salt? Whatin the worlds is a pinch of salt?”

Meanwhile, Naminé managedto separate the egg successfully and she clapped her hands incelebration.

“I don’t know? I guesswe… have to pinch the salt and whatever is between our fingers goesinto the egg white?”

Ven stared at her indoubt.

“That doesn’t make anysense though. My fingers are bigger than yours. Terra’s fingers arebigger than mine. Whose fingers are they talking about? Wait, are weeven talking about fingers?”

She tapped her fingeragainst her chin in thought.

“Well, you can pinchwith a pair of pliers, but they don’t belong to the standard kitchenequipment. But wait!”

She easily glided over toone of the drawers and pulled out a pair of tongs.

“What about this?”

Ven mustered themcritically.

“I’ve never seen Aquause them. Quite contrary, she always hands the tongs to Terra and heuses them to turn the meat when we make barbeque.”

He shook his head andpointed at the nooses at the ends of the tongs. “The salt wouldjust spill out.”

“Well if that’s not it,I suppose we have to use our fingers. Since I’m the one baking, it’sgotta be talking about my fingers, right?” Naminé looked at himexpectantly, but Ven only shrugged, so she bravely reached into thepot of salt, pinched her fingers and pulled out. Several grains ofsalt fell into the egg yolk.

“This’ll have to do.”

After she beat the eggwhites, Ven continued to read.

“Set the egg whitesaside and grab another bowl to mix the egg yolk, lemon zest, furitjuice, yellow gel color, sugar and buttermilk until well combined. Doyou want me to juice the paopu while you mix the ingredients?”

“Please,” Naminénodded and stole a glance at the recipe once Ven had pinned it to thefridge to retrieve the juicer.

“Ven? What does ’t-s-p’mean? And what about ’t-b-s-p’?

He hauled the juicer ontothe dining table and returned to Naminé’s side to check.

“One tsp. lemon Zest and1 Tbsp. juice… Wait, I think sometimes Aqua uses teaspoons andtablespoons to measure things like baking soda and cocoa powder!”

“Oh! So ‘tsp.’ is'teaspoon’ and 'Tbsp.’ is tablespoon?”

“It would make sense,right?”

“Alright, but whatexactly is a 'cup’ then?”

Naminé opened one of thecabinets above her and stood on her tiptoes to reach for the tea cupsinside of it.

“I mean, this is the cupAqua uses for her morning coffee,” she held up a standard sizedazure coffee cup, “and this one is the one Terra uses,” sheraised her other arm, the red cup in it double the size of the firstone. “So, which one is it?”

“Just a sec, I know theanswer to this one!”

Ven turned to anothercabinet and he pulled out a set of measuring cups that was heldtogether by a small plastic ring

“I’ve seen Aqua use themfor her cakes. Each cup is labeled, look,” he spread the cups out,pointing at their inscriptions, “one cup, half a cup, one third ofa cup and so on!”

“Wow, this is reallyhandy! Thanks, Ven.”

With a nod, Ven leftNaminé alone with her ingredients and started working on the juiceronce again, a little unsure whether he’d be able to put the pieces ofthe machine together correctly, but once he pressed the on button,the machine sprang into life. Satisfied with himself, Ven sliced thepaopu into smaller pieces and dropped them into the machine. Juiceslowly started to pour out of the machine’s snout… right onto thetable.

“Oh crackers!”

He jumped to the glasscabinet to get something to collect the juice with, accidentallyjostling Naminé in the process and ignoring her surprised shriek tohurry back to the table, saving the precious juice from being wastedon the tablecloth.

“Ven!” Naminégrumbled and the boy turned around in surprise. He had never heardher grumble before. She stood in front of him, her arms propped up onher hips and her usually angelic face turned into a scowl.

“What’s the matter?”Ven asked hesitantly.

“The recipe says onedrop of yellow food coloring. One! Thanks to you, I added three!”

He winced.

“I’m sure it’s not thatimportant…”

“If it weren’t, whywould the recipe say to add exactly one drop?”

She turned away from Venand stared into her bowl, trying to assess the damage

“Do you think I’ll haveto start over?”

Ven returned to her sideand looked over her shoulder. The batter looked fine, a strong yellowcolor right in the middle of it since Naminé hadn’t mixed the colorin yet.

“…no? I honestly don’tthink so. It’s food coloring. It doesn’t taste like anything and twodrops won’t change the outcome either.”

I think, he addedin his head, not wanting to worry Naminé further.

“If you say so,”Naminé replied, but it was evident in the slump of her shouldersthat she wasn’t too sure of her creation anymore and Ven feltincredibly bad about it, but there was not much he could do about it.

Still, the girl continuedbeating the ingredients and reached for the egg whites to add them tothe mix before she hesitated once again.

“Ven? How do I fold inan egg white?”

“Fold in?”

“It says 'Fold the whiteinto the yolk mixture until just combined’.”

Ven pulled the recipe offthe fridge and just like Naminé said, it told them to fold the eggwhites in.

“How are you supposed tofold it in? It’s not a piece of paper.”

“Maybe we are supposedto spread it out onto a sheet of baking paper? That we canfold.”

“Are you sure? It soundsvery complicated and I can’t recall Aqua ever doing anything likethat.”

“Well, can you think ofan alternative?”

He couldn’t and so hehelped Naminé spread the cake mix on a large sheet of baking paper,adding the the beaten egg white into the middle, and then…

“And now we fold thesheet of paper.”

“Won’t the mixtureleak out on the sides?”

“We’ll just have to bevery careful!”

30 minutes later, coveredin flour and bits of cake mix and egg white, Naminé finally pouredthe finished batter into the star shaped cake pan, filled hot waterinto the baking dish and carefully pushed both into the pre-heatedoven.

Both she and Ven slid downthe cabinets until they sat on the floor, sighing exhaustedly.

“I underestimated howmuch work baking would be.”

“I swear it looks soeasy when Aqua does it!”

Naminé turned to Ven andcaught his glance. She smiled shyly and nervously kneaded her handsin her lap.

“Thanks for your help.And sorry for getting angry at you.”

Ven grinned back at her.

“No problem. Any time.”

If anybody is interestedin the recipe, it’s this one :3 Sadly I haven’t tried it yet!

Nature’s Remedies: Witch Hazel

Have you ever thought rubbing alcohol and witch hazel were pretty much the same?  Me too, at least until recently.  They both have a funny alcohol smell, both are clear, and usually they sit close to one another in the same section of the grocery store.  I had convinced myself that rubbing alcohol must be the generic form of witch hazel.  How in the world did I ever make that leap?  One is chemical based and one is organic.  It is like comparing poison to medicine.  Wow!  If only I had known the wonderful benefits of this magical, medicinal elixir earlier.  It is now one of my favorite “go to”  products!

The Oily Guru

Rubbing Alcohol vs Witch Hazel;

Common Witch Hazel Uses You Didn’t Know About

           Rubbing Alcohol vs Witch Hazel

In short- rubbing alcohol is very extremely hazardous to humans and bacteria, and is chemical based.

Witch Hazel is organic and is used for acne cream-cuts-shaving cream etc.

Rubbing = Isopropyl alcohol- Isopropyl alcohol (also 2-propanol, rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name isopropyl. Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It has the molecular formula C3H8O and is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon is attached to two other carbons. Isopropyl alcohol is extremely hazardous to humans; it is not intended for human consumption, or any other forms of internal usage!

Witch Hazel- Witch-hazel (Hamamelis) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with two species in North America (H. virginiana and H. vernalis), and one each in Japan (H. japonica) and China (H. mollis).

They are deciduous shrubs or (rarely) small trees growing to 3-8 m tall, rarely to 12 m tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, oval, 4-16 cm long and 3-11 cm wide, with a smooth or wavy edge. The flowers are sometimes produced on the leafless stems in winter, thus one alternative name for the plant, “Winterbloom”.

Each flower has four slender strap-shaped petals 1-2 cm long, pale to dark yellow, orange, or red. The fruit is a two-part pod 1 cm long, containing a single 5 mm glossy black seed in each of the two parts; the capsule splits explosively at maturity in the autumn about 8 months after flowering, ejecting the seeds with sufficient force to fly for distances of up to 10 m, thus another alternative name “Snapping Hazel”. Hamamelis species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Feathered Thorn.

The name Witch has its origins in Middle English wiche, from the Old English wice, meaning “pliant” or “bendable”.

Hazel is derived from the use of the twigs as divining rods, just as hazel twigs were used in England. The Persian Ironwood, a closely related tree formerly treated as Hamamelis persica, is now given a genus of its own, as Parrotia persica, as it differs in the flowers not having petals. Other closely allied genera are Parrotiopsis, Fothergill and Sycopsis (see under Hamamelidaceae).

Witch-hazels are not closely related to the hazels. for short- rubbing alcohol is very extremely hazardous to humans and bacteria, and is chemical based.

Many Uses For Witch Hazel

  Spot Blemish and Blemish Control

Witch hazel has the unique ability to clean skin pores and dry up excessive oil without leaving skin too dry. For healthy, normal skin, witch hazel can often replace a daily cleanser. For oily or acne prone skin, swabbing witch hazel throughout the day is a great way to quickly wipe off excessive oil without the hassle of a full face wash.

The tannin content in witch hazel has strong astringent as well as antioxidant properties. These astringent properties are cleansing to the skin, while minimizing the size of skin pores. Unlike many harsh commercial acne formulations, it is gentle and non-drying when used to tone and cleanse acne-infected or acne-prone skin. Plain witch hazel may be applied to the skin straight from the bottle using cotton balls. It should be applied to the acne-infected skin twice a day. It should never be applied more than three times a day.

Scars & Stretch Marks

Witch hazel is often used by pregnant women to prevent stretch marks, but it can be used to help loose or excessive skin around scars or stretch marks to tighten, helping to minimize the scar.

Soothe and Heal Diaper Rash

If your baby’s rash isn’t healing quick enough, apply witch hazel solution (Dickinson’s is good) with a cotton ball and you should see immediate improvement to your baby’s bottom.

Shrink Bags Under The Eyes

Some people say that the application of hemorrhoidal cream to those little baggies under your eyes can take them away. It’s not an old wives’ tale. One of the magic ingredients in a product like Preparation H is witch hazel, which helps tighten up the skin and reduce the bagginess.

Refresh Tired Eyes

If your eyes are puffy from crying or lack of sleep (or both), then soak two small cotton pads with witch hazel and put them over your eyes. After 10 minutes, your eyes should be refreshed, and any redness should be gone. Witch hazel is famous for shrinking blood vessels (which is why it’s one of the main ingredients in Preparation H cream).

 Varicose Vein Relief

Soak wash cloths in witch hazel and lay on legs, which are propped straight out, to reduce pain and swelling from varicose veins. The witch hazel helps to tighten the veins, relieving the discomfort temporarily.

Use to heal and soothe various cuts and bruises

Many chemists and pharmacists refer to witch hazel as nature’s answer to Neosporin. Witch hazel can be a substitute for hydrogen peroxide or rubbing alcohol when it comes to cleaning out a cut. Pour a liberal amount of witch hazel over the cut or sore and allow it to dry. Add a bandage and you’re set. You can also use witch hazel on bruises or skin that is blistered or cracked.

Soothe Razor Burn (an in some instances prevent it!)

The anti-inflammatory properties of witch hazel stop itchy bumps from forming up around your irritated hair follicles. Apply before or after shaving; it should certainly have an impact on your itchy red skin (and that includes ladies, too).

Treat and Soothe a Nasty Sunburn

Healing damaged skin is one of witch hazel’s specialties. But as sunburn is also a type of skin inflammation, witch hazel is ideal for treating this too (despite swelling not being obvious). Treating sunburn with witch hazel will lessen healing time and prevent the infamous skin peeling and flaking. Apply with a wash cloth soaked in witch hazel, allowing it to soak into your skin for several minutes before removing.

Treat Dry Skin

This is so timely for me right now. Lately legs have just been itching like crazy because they are so dry! Apply witch hazel immediately after showering to lock in the moisture that has just soaked into your skin. You can bet I will be trying this!

Make Your Own Deodorant

Witch hazel is often used in deodorants due to its natural skin-healing and skin-care properties. Here is a home-made recipe you may want to try.

Ingredients:

1 tsp High Proof Vodka

10 drops Geranium

10 drops Cypress

8 drops Bergamot

5 drops Neroli

4 drops Lavender

3 drops Black pepper

4 tb sp (40 ml) Witch Hazel

2 tbsp (25 ml) Cornflower Water (Amazon.com)

2 tbsp (25 ml) Orange Flower Water (Amazon.com)

Measure the vodka into a 4 oz (100 ml) glass bottle with a spray attachment

Carefully add the essential oils, one by one.

 Shake vigorously to blend the essential oils.

 Pour the witch hazel into the bottle, using a funnel if necessary, followed by the two flower waters. Shake well.

Label the bottle and your deodorant is now ready to use. Before each use, give the bottle a good shake to ensure the essential oils are fully dispersed.

Sore Gums, Sore Throat, Laryngitis

The antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and astringent activity of Witch Hazel may help shrink and heal inflamed and sore throats, gums and larynx. Witch hazel tea infused with myrrh and cloves can make your sore throat feel better after gargling.

Heal Stop the Growth of Cold Sores

Witch Hazel applied on a cold sore when you feel it coming on will prevent it from becoming a blister. If you already have one, use it right away and often and the blister will heal quicker.

Scalp Deep Cleanse

Use a witch hazel hair-cleansing routine if you suffer from psoriasis, eczema, or dandruff. Massage the scalp with the witch hazel, followed with shampoo and conditioner. It is also an efficient “between-shampoos” method of washing your hair and scalp.

Take the “Bite” out of Bug Bites

With its anti-itch and anti-inflammatory properties, witch hazel is ideal for treating bug bites. Apply the witch hazel with a cotton ball, square or swab directly on the bite. It also works to soothe bites from fleas, flies and insect stings.

Soothe Poison Ivy and Poison Oak

Just as with acne and blemishes, witch hazel reduces itching and relieves swelling. Something definitely worth packing on your next camping trip.

Clean Your Dog’s Ears

Give your dog’s ears a cleaning by moistening a cotton ball or cloth with witch hazel, and gently wiping the inside of the ears. Don’t use a cotton swab.

   Tick Extraction

Ticks may relish the taste of your family pet, but they hate the taste of witch hazel. Before attempting to remove a tick, douse the tick with a few drops of witch hazel to make it loosen its jaws. Grasp the tick firmly and pull; disinfect the bite area by dabbing the skin with witch hazel once the tick has been successfully removed.

Household Cleaner

Witch hazel can also be combined with lemon juice and baking soda to create an eco-friendly cleaning agent for your bathrooms. You can also use it undiluted on chrome, glass and mirrors. No need to rinse as the alcohol-based cleaner readily evaporates, leaving the chrome sparkling clean and germ-free.  I now have a bottle pre-mixed and ready to go for this purpose.

You can also mix 1/2 cup witch hazel, 1 cup of water and about 15 drops of essential oil such as lavender, grapefruit, eucalyptus or cedarwood, combined in a glass spray bottle as an air freshener or a mattress freshener.  My mattresses smell great and are germ free.  Another solution I have already made up and ready to go.

Witch hazel on a cotton ball works well to remove hair dye stains on skin, too.

Vinyl, linoleum, and tile floors can be kept clean by mopping once a week with a solution of 1/2 cup of witch hazel and 1 gallon of warm water. The natural solvents in witch hazel strip away old wax while the water dissolves dirt and debris. To clean heavily soiled floors, stir 1 tablespoon of borax into the solution prior to mopping.

Jewelry Cleaner

Dab some witch hazel on a cotton ball to gently clean your jewelry or soak your jewelry in a bowl of witch hazel for 20 minutes. Watch debris get washed away. Dry with a soft cloth.

Warnings:

 ***Do not drink the witch hazel you bought in the bottle at the drug store. You can drink witch hazel if you buy the herb dried and steep it into a tea. Witch hazel taken as a tea has been reported to help diarrhea or a sore throat.***

 **As with many herbal remedies, certain people, like women who are pregnant or breast-feeding, should talk to their physician before using witch hazel. When using witch hazel, let your doctor know if you experience leg swelling, breathing problems, chest tightness or pain, hives, new rashes or irritations, nausea, upset stomach, vomiting or constipation. Most people who use witch hazel will not experience these adverse side effects, but some will, so notify a health official if any problems are noticed.**

Young Living Essential Oils, LC, is the world leader in essential oils, with a strict Seed to Seal® process that produces pure essential oil products for every individual, family, and lifestyle. This process ensures that all products are genuine, free of synthetic chemicals, and pure. This commitment stems from the company’s more than 20 years of stewardship toward the earth and its people. If you would like to sign up to buy oils at a discount click here.  Retail purchasing also available.

   Filed under: beauty, Cleaning, DIY, Essential Oils, Healing, Health, Natural, organic, pain, paypal Tagged: Acne, All natural, anti itch, Anti-inflammatory, bags under eyes, blemish control, bruises, cleaner, cuts, dandruff, Deodorant, DIY, dog, dryness, ears, Essential Oils, exzema, family health, gums, hea;thy skin, heals diaper rash, Health, healthy home, nature, organic, poison oak, psoraisis, Scars, soothing, sore throat relief, Stretch Marks, sunburn, ticks, varicose veins, Winterbloom, witch hazel from WordPress http://ift.tt/2rYTJqP via IFTTT

New Post has been published on http://cooldesserts.net/basics-of-cake-making-formulas-and-measurements/

Basics of Cake Making - Formulas and Measurements

FORMULAS AND MEASUREMENT Bakers generally talk about formulas rather than recipes. If this sounds to you more like a chemistry lab than a food production facility, it is with good reason. The bakeshop is very much like a chemistry laboratory, both in the scientific accuracy of the procedures and in the complex reactions that take place during mixing and baking.

MEASUREMENT Ingredients are almost always weighed in the bakeshop, rather than measured by volume, because measurement by weight is more accurate. Accuracy of measurement, as we have said, is essential in the bakeshop. Unlike home baking recipes, a professional baker’s formula will not call for 6 cups flour, for example.

To demonstrate to yourself the importance of weighing rather than measuring by volume, measure a cup of flour in two ways: (a) Sift some flour and lightly spoon it into a dry measure. Level the top and weigh the flour. (b) Scoop some unsifted flour into the same measure and pack it lightly. Level the top and weigh the flour. Note the difference.No wonder home recipes can be so inconsistent!

The baker’s term for weighing ingredients is scaling. The following ingredients, and only these ingredients, may sometimes be measured by volume, at the ratio of 1 pint per pound or 1 liter per kilogram: o Water o Milk o Eggs Volume measure is often used when scaling water for small or mediumsized batches of bread. Results are generally good. However, whenever accuracy is critical, it is better to weigh.This is because a pint of water actually weighs slightly more than a pound, or approximately 16.7 oz. (This figure varies with the temperature of the water.) For convenience, volume measures of liquids are frequently used when products other than baked flour goods-such as sauces, syrups, puddings, and custards-are being made.

Units of Measure The system of measurement used in the United States is very complicated. Even those who have used the system all their lives sometimes have trouble remembering things like how many fluid ounces are in a quart and how many feet are in a mile.

The Metric System The United States is the only major country that uses the complex system of measurement we have just described. Other countries use a much simpler system called the metric system.

Abbreviations of U.S. Units of Measure Used pound(lb) ounce (oz) gallon (gal) quart (qt) pint (pt) fluid ounce( fl oz) tablespoon (tbsp) teaspoon (tsp) inch (in) foot(ft)

In the metric system, there is one basic unit for each type of measurement: The gram is the basic unit of weight. The liter is the basic unit of volume. The meter is the basic unit of length. The degree Celsius is the basic unit of temperature. Larger or smaller units are simply made by multiplying or dividing by 10, 100, 1000, and so on.These divisions are expressed by prefixes. The ones you need to know are: kilo- = 1000 deci- = 1D10 or 0.1 centi- = 1D100 or 0.01 milli- = 1D1000 or 0.001

Formulas and Measurement Metric Units Basic units Quantity Unit Abbreviation weight gram g volume liter L length meter m temperature degree Celsius °C Divisions and multiples Prefix/Example Meaning Abbreviation kilo- 1000 k kilogram 1000 grams kg deci- 1D10 d deciliter 0.1 liter dL centi- 1D100 c centimeter 0.01 meter cm milli- 1D1000 m millimeter 0.001 meter mm

Converting to Metric Most people think the metric system is much harder to learn than it really is. This is because they think about metric units in terms of U.S. units. They read that there are 28.35 grams in an ounce and are immediately convinced that they will never be able to learn metrics. Do not worry about being able to convert U.S. units into metric units and vice versa. This is a very important point to remember, especially if you think that the metric system might be hard to learn. The reason for this is simple.You will usually be working in either one system or the other.You will rarely, if ever, have to convert from one to the other. (An exception might be if you have equipment based on one system and you want to use a formula written in the other.) Many people today own imported cars and repair them with metric tools without ever worrying about how many millimeters are in an inch. Similarly, if and when American bakeshops and kitchens change to the metric system, American cooks and bakers will use scales that measure in grams and kilograms, volume measures that measure in liters and deciliters, and thermometers that measure in degrees Celsius, and they will use formulas that indicate these units.They will not have to worry about how many grams are in an ounce. To become accustomed to working in metric units, it is helpful to have a feel for how large the units are.The following rough equivalents may be used to help you visualize metric units. They are not exact conversion factors.

A kilogram is slightly more than 2 lb. A gram is about 1D30 oz. A half teaspoon of flour weighs a little less than a gram. A liter is slightly more than a quart. A deciliter is slightly less than a half cup. A centiliter is about 2 tsp. A meter is slightly more than 3 ft. A centimeter is about 3D8 in. 0°C is the freezing point of water (32°F). 100°C is the boiling point of water (212°F). An increase or decrease of 1 degree Celsius is equivalent to about 2 degrees Fahrenheit.

Metric Formulas and Recipes

American industry will probably adopt the metric system someday.Many recipe writers are already eager to get a head start and are printing metric equivalents. As a result, you will see recipes calling for 454 g flour, 28.35 g butter, or a baking temperature of 191°C.No wonder people are afraid of the metric system! Kitchens in metric countries do not work with such impractical numbers, any more than we normally use figures like 1 lb 11D4 oz flour, 2.19 oz butter, or a baking temperature of 348°F.That would defeat the whole purpose of the metric system,which is to be simple and practical. If you have a chance to look at a French cookbook, you will see nice, round numbers such as 1 kg, 200 g, and 4 dL. The metric measures in the formulas in this book are NOT equivalent to the U.S. measures given alongside them.You should think of the metric portion of the formulas as separate formulas with yields that are close to but not the same as the yields of the U.S. formulas. To give exact equivalents would require using awkward, impractical numbers. If you have metric equipment,use the metric units, and if you have U.S.equipment,use the U.S. units.You should rarely have to worry about converting between the two. For the most part, the total yield of the metric formulas in this book is close to the yield of the U.S. formulas while keeping the ingredient proportions the same. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to keep the proportions exactly the same because the U.S. system is not decimal-based like the metric system. In some cases, the metric quantities produce slightly different results due to the varying proportions, but these differences are usually extremely small.

The principle of using a baker’s scale is simple: The scale must balance before setting the weights, and it must balance again after scaling. The following procedure applies to the most commonly used type of baker’s scale. 1. Set the scale scoop or other container on the left side of the scale. 2. Balance the scale by placing counterweights on the right side and/or by adjusting the ounce weight on the horizontal bar. 3. Set the scale for the desired weight by placing weights on the right side and/or by moving the ounce weight. For example, to set the scale for 1 lb 8 oz, place a 1-lb weight on the right side and move the ounce weight to the right 8 oz. If the ounce weight is already over 8 oz, so that you cannot move it another 8, add 2 lb to the right side of the scale and subtract 8 ounces by moving the ounce weight 8 places to the left. The result is still 1 lb 8 oz. 4. Add the ingredient being scaled to the left side until the scale balances.

MEASURING BY WEIGHT A good balance scale should be accurate to 1D4 oz (0.25 oz) or, if metric, to 5 g. Dry ingredients weighing less than 1D4 oz can be scaled by physically dividing larger quantities into equal portions. For example, to scale 1D16 oz (0.06 oz),first weigh out 1D4 oz,then divide this into four equal piles using a small knife.

For fine pastry work, a small battery-operated digital scale is often more useful than a large balance scale. A good digital scale is relatively inexpensive. It can instantly measure quantities to the nearest 1D8 oz or the nearest 2 g. Most digital scales have a zero or tare button that sets the indicated weight to zero. For example, you may set a container on the scale, set the weight to zero, add the desired quantity of the first ingredient, again set the weight to zero, add the second ingredient, and so on. This speeds the weighing of dry ingredients that are to be sifted together, for example.However, remember that careful weighing on a good scale is more accurate.

British bakers have a convenient method for measuring baking powder when small quantities are needed.They use a mixture called scone flour. To make a pound of scone flour, combine 15 oz flour and 1 oz baking powder; sift together three times.One ounce (1D16 lb) scone flour thus contains 1D16 (0.06 oz) baking powder. For each 1D16 oz baking powder you need in a formula, substitute 1 oz scone flour for 1 oz of the flour called for in the formula. In order to make formula conversions and calculations easier, fractions of ounces that appear in the ingredient tables of the formulas in this book are written as decimals.Thus,11D 2 oz is written as 1.5 oz and 1D4 oz is written as 0.25 oz.

BAKER’S PERCENTAGES Bakers use a simple but versatile system of percentages for expressing their formulas. Baker’s percentages express the amount of each ingredient used as a percentage of the amount of flour used. To put it differently, the percentage of each ingredient is its total weight divided by the weight of the flour,multiplied by 100%, or: 100% = % of ingredient

Thus, flour is always 100%. If two kinds of flour are used, their total is 100%. Any ingredient that weighs the same as the amount of flour used is also given as 100%.The cake formula ingredients listed on page 11 illustrate how these percentages are used.Check the figures with the above equation to make sure you understand them. Please remember that these numbers do not refer to the percentage of the total yield.They are simply a way of expressing ingredient proportions. The total yield of these percentage numbers will always be greater than 100%. The advantages of using baker’s percentages is that the formula is easily adapted for any yield, and single ingredients may be varied and other ingredients added without changing the whole formulation. For example, you can add raisins to a muffin mix formula while keeping the percentages of all the other ingredients the same. Clearly, a percentage system based on the weight of flour can be used only when flour is a major ingredient, as in breads,cakes,and cookies.However, this principle can be used in other formulas as well by selecting a major ingredient and establishing it as 100%. In this book, whenever an ingredient other than flour is used as the base of 100%.