#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

The success of Oliver Cromwell’s Irish campaign during the autumn of 1649 caused further divisions in the Marquis of Ormond’s Royalist-Confederate coalition. With the defeat of British and Scottish forces in Ulster and the defection of most of Lord Inchiquin’s Protestant troops to the Parliamentarians, Ormond was obliged to rely increasingly upon Catholic support. Early in December 1649, the…

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WIP Wednesday

Hello! Getting this done early and scheduled so I feel good! Youth Without Youth has hit over 50K words, and I still have quite a bit of story to write. It's an absolute beast of a fic, but I am still enjoying the plotting going on.

Here's some plotty-esque/political-ish writing for you. Things are heating up.

Tags will be below the line break. :D

“I couldn’t bring them all, Baz. There were too many books, but I—” Niall’s words are cut short by me tackling him in a hug. I had been worried that these books would remain hidden away, or worse, lost. I had tried not to think about them being found by The Mage and being hidden away, or worse, burned. “Thank you,” I whisper. “You’re welcome,” Niall says, wrapping his arms around me. I pat him on the back, before breaking the hug. Dev’s already eagerly flipping through one of the healing books, but I spot a book on dark defensive techniques that piques my interest, so I settle on Niall’s bed, book in hand. “So what happened to the other books?” Dev asks. “Aunt Ciara took the more dangerous ones with her to Kilkenny. The Mage won’t be able to touch them if they’re stashed in Ireland. She’s got friends at Trinity, who can make sure they stay well-preserved until your family can take them back.” And we will take the books back. There are already cracks beginning to form within The Mage’s laws. People are clearly unhappy with these rules if they’re out there smuggling books across the borders. This is how rebellions are formed; by the populace deciding they’ve had enough. Take too much, and people will start biting back. “And the others?” I ask. “It’s brilliant, really. And it was Siobhan’s idea. Hide the books in plain sight. Give them to families who are neutral, but have expressed… displeasure with regards to the current legislation.” “So families who aren’t outspoken enough to garner attention, but also still respect the Old Ways,” I say. Niall’s right, it is genius. Families who respect tradition and Ancient magic would be less likely to hand the books over to be abused or destroyed. They’d know how to care for the books and properly store them so that they don’t attract unwanted attention. And they would have to be neutral. Anyone too vocally opposed to The Mages’ reforms would eventually be targeted. Those who have helped push his reforms through would not be trustworthy. It had to be a careful balance of perfectly selected people. Of which, there aren’t many. “Which families?” Dev asks. “Siobhan’s been keeping a tight lip on everything, but I overheard her mentioning a few names. Campbell, Toussaint, Salisbury.”

Tagging, both to see things and as a "Hi, Friend! ^_^": @carryonsimoncarryonbaz, @f-ing-ruthless-baz, @fight-surrender, @amywaterwings, @ninemagicks, @palimpsessed, @excalisbury, @aroace-genderfluid-sheep, @technetiumai, @urban-sith, @angelsfalling16, @facewithoutheart, @you-remind-me-of-the-babe, @bookish-bogwitch, @ivelovedhimthroughworse, @forabeatofadrum, @martsonmars, @stardustasincocaine, @ileadacharmedlife, @takitalks, @artsyunderstudy, @johnwgrey, @confused-bi-queer, @cutestkilla, @letraspal, @aristocratic-otter and @moodandmist

The Defeat of Irish Royalism, 1650: ‘We are come to break the power of a company of lawless rebels who… live as enemies of human society,’

The End of the Confederate Rebellion

Source: Wikipedia

IN LATE 1649 Cromwell made overtures to the Irish Confederates, but they were couched in the language of uncompromising Puritanism. The Parliamentary general issued his declaration in response to a rallying cry from the Irish Church to the whole of Ireland to encourage resistance to the English invasion and to support the cause of the King. Cromwell proclaimed that the Irish would be treated leniently; that their lands would not be confiscated, and that there would be no judicial punishment for their rebellion. However, all the rebels heard was the unforgiving righteousness of the Calvinist godly: because Cromwell added that in order for there to be a peaceable end to the rebellion, the Catholics would have to give up their fight and their religion, their support for the king and to accept an imposed Protestant settlement on their country. Perhaps Cromwell thought his declarations reasonable in the context of a bitter civil war that had allegedly seen massacres of Protestant settlers by the rebels. However, to the supporters of a nine year nationalist rebellion rooted in the Roman Catholic religion, his words were those of conqueror to the vanquished.

So the war continued. In January 1650, a reinforced Cromwell continued his campaign of reducing Royalist and Confederate strongholds one by one. In contrast to the atrocities committed at Drogheda and Wexford, and to Cromwell’s subsequent baleful reputation in Ireland, he offered generous terms to defenders, permitting them to march out of surrendered towns and castles under arms and with banners flying. This way the Commonwealth forces were able to capture Fethard, Cashel and Cahir in quick succession. The route was then open for a march on Kilkenny, the capital of the Confederate rebellion. In March 1650, Cromwell invested the city. After five days of negotiations, the Confederate commander agreed to surrender the city and the garrison vacated Kilkenny, marching away with full honours and the centre of the rebellion was, rather suddenly, in English hands.

With the loss of Kilkenny, Ormond knew that the Royalist cause in Ireland was almost spent, but if Charles I’s former Lord Lieutenant despaired of now being able to aid his sovereign’s son to the throne, Cromwell himself was not so sanguine. He believed the danger of invasion from Ireland remained the greatest threat to the longevity of the upstart Commonwealth, for all Charles II’s rumoured courting of the Scots. Despite the absence of any rebel field army worth the name, the Confederates continued to hold several strongholds, all well garrisoned and therefore, from Cromwell’s perspective, comprising the core of a potential Royalist revival. The Parliamentary general resolved not to leave Ireland until each and every hold out had been reduced.

Cromwell began his campaign with Clonmel, a walled city in the south under the command of the formidable Hugh Dubh (“Black Hugh”) O’Neill, a veteran on the Catholic side of the Thirty Years’ War, known for both his military skill and his strategic cunning. O’Neill led an experienced garrison of 1500 rebels and had the support of the townspeople to resist the invaders and so when Cromwell arrived before the walls of Clonmel on 27th April and offered terms, Black Hugh refused to negotiate and a siege commenced. Cromwell concentrated artillery on the hills overlooking the city from the north and began a bombardment. Morale within the town however remained high and O’Neill sent several sorties out to attack the besiegers and disrupt their supply and communication lines. The rebel commander lived in hope that if he could tie down the Commonwealth forces long enough, Ormond may yet put a Royalist army into the field and come to his relief.

This was a folorn hope, but Black Hugh made the best of his situation. By the middle of May, the English gunners had made a major breach in Clonmel’s walls. It seemed the fall of the city was imminent and on the 17th, Cromwell ordered his infantry to advance into the breach. Unknown to the Parliamentary commander, O’Neill had turned this tactical disadvantage into an ambush. He had his men construct a makeshift wall around the edge of the breach, and secreted canon and sharpshooters within the new defensive line. As Cromwell’s forces surged forward, they were met by withering artillery and musket fire that cut them down in their droves. After an hour of one-sided combat, over a thousand New Model troopers lay dead or dying in the killing ground. When Cromwell arrived personally to oversee what he expected to be the final street by street battle for the town, he found his men in retreat and Clonmel still defiant. Black Hugh had arguably inflicted the only defeat suffered by Cromwell in his lengthy career fighting in the many and varied British Civil Wars.

However, O’Neill knew the chances of repeating this success were limited. With ammunition and food running low, and the continuance of the bombardment assured, he took the view that Clonmel was impossible to hold. That night he and his remaining soldiers slipped out of the city and made their way to Waterford. On the 18th a frustrated Cromwell took the surrender of the city from the town’s mayor - a victory perhaps, but one that probably felt like a defeat. Nontheless, however hard won, the taking of Clonmel effectively ended Royalist hopes in Ireland and Charles indeed gave up the slim hope that Ormond’s forces could be the vehicle for a restored monarchy. The Rump Parliament agreed. Their nervousness was focused entirely now on the danger from Scotland and they wanted their all-conquering general home, despite the fact the Catholic rebellion was not fully suppressed. On 29th May, Cromwell left Ireland and returned to London to a hero’s welcome. The task of stamping out the last of the Catholic rebellion, which would carry on for a further two years, fell to Cromwell’s fellow Grandee, Henry Ireton, who would eventually die in this, his last campaign in the Parliamentary cause.

Cromwell could count his Irish campaign a success. In just nine months he had destroyed Royalist hopes in Ireland and fatally crippled the Confederate rebellion but at lasting cost to his reputation. If the atrocities at Drogheda and Wexford were exaggerated and there is also evidence elsewhere of Cromwell’s leniency and political skill, there is no doubt the behaviour of the general and his army to the Irish was brutal and contemptuous in equal measure. And if there is little or no evidence of deliberate wholesale massacre of non combatants in the two notorious sieges, the cold-eyed killing of the entire garrisons of each city, whether the men were fighting or surrendering, is enough to justifiably condemn Cromwell as a callous military murderer for posterity.

Drag cabaret in Kilkenny for animal rescue 'out the door' with abandoned dogs

New Post has been published on https://petnews2day.com/pet-industry-news/pet-charities/drag-cabaret-in-kilkenny-for-animal-rescue-out-the-door-with-abandoned-dogs/

Drag cabaret in Kilkenny for animal rescue 'out the door' with abandoned dogs

My Lovely Horse are holding a not-to-be missed fundraiser with a difference on Friday November 11 in the Pembroke Hotel, Kilkenny to raise vital funds for the more than 800 animals they are responsible for. At any one time they can have 200 animals at their Kildare rescue and another 600 placed with foster carers. 

  The animal welfare charity deals a lot with Kilkenny County Council and recently received the Mayor’s Award for their compassionate rescue work, which they described as an incredible honour.  

  Founded 11 years ago, the rescue is currently experiencing a huge volume of animals being surrendered and abandoned. Orla Donohoe, the PR for My Lovely Horse says they are ‘out the door with dogs … it’s just horrendous’. 

  At present they are fundraising to build new kennels as they have more than 50 dogs on site at their main base in Kildare. Originally a horse rescue, they have now expanded to take animals of all kinds. Currently they have 80 goats, 400 horses and multiple pigs in their care. 

Orla explains that many people got pets both before and during lockdowns, who didn’t research or fully understand the type of animal they were getting and their needs as they would become adults. Typical of these are goats, pigs and collies. 

It costs over €400,000 to run My Lovely Horse annually, yet in the past year, they received only €26,200 from the Department of Agriculture in funding,  which leaves them to fundraise on a constant basis both from corporate donors and the public. They simply have no other choice.  

  The Pembroke event will be a unique drag cabaret featuring  the one and only Tina D Parton who will interpret the torch songs of Dolly Parton and Liza Minelli. She might also throw in a bit of Irish dancing to the mix, which should add to the hilarity. 

There will also be great raffle prizes on the night. It’s a really worthwhile cause deserving of support. 

Tickets are €15 and are available online. There may also be limited availability at the door. All in aid of My Lovely Horse Rescue 

https://donate.mylovelyhorserescue.com/events/tina-d-parton-her-one-woman-show-2022-11-11/

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Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell - a Wolfwalkers analysis

To follow up on my review of Wolfwalkers, I would like to discuss the villain in depth. This analysis will contain spoilers, so if you haven’t seen the movie and don’t want to be spoiled, click or scroll away now. You have been warned.

The first thing one needs to understand about Oliver Cromwell is that he is a historical domain character. Cromwell was an English statesman, born in 1599, who held the official title of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658. Some creative license is taken in Wolfwalkers, as while Cromwell did take over much of Ireland, including Kilkenny, by force of arms in 1650, when the film is set, it would be another three years before he attained the title and duties of Lord Protector. Cromwell was Anglican, and had been raised to hate Catholics (a bitter grudge held over from when Protestants were severely persecuted under the Catholic queen Bloody Mary). This led him to act with extreme brutality toward the mostly Catholic Irish, and to this day, the Irish see Cromwell as nothing but a monster. The remaining countries in Britain give him mixed reviews, though he’s generally perceived as a pretty good guy in England.

Cromwell being so hated in Ireland led to his character being given something of a historical villain upgrade in Wolfwalkers--depending on who you ask, of course. Undoubtedly, some Irish would say he wasn’t portrayed as evil enough. His character design is fairly true to life, though it does evoke images of Pocahontas’ main villain John Ratcliffe. His personality is reminiscent of Judge Claude Frollo from Disney’s adaptation of the Hunchback of Notre Dame. He sees his path as the only righteous one. It’s been done before, but with Cromwell, it’s taken to a new extreme. Cromwell deifies himself. It’s kind of brilliant, actually.

In the film, Cromwell’s name is never given. He goes strictly by Lord Protector. His insistence on being addressed only by his title reflects his real life actions, where he began to insist on being addressed as “his highness,” and signed his letters “Oliver P,” in the fashion of kings who would sign their names as “George R,” or the like, with ‘P’ standing for ‘Protector’ the way ‘R’ stood for ‘Rex.’ Cromwell habitually ends his orders and decrees with, “That is the Lord’s will.” Between this habit and his exclusive title, he begins to seem a bit blasphemous. And that appears to be the intention. When he proclaims “the Lord’s will,” he’s not talking about the will of the Lord God, Creator of heaven and earth. He’s talking about the will of the Lord Protector; himself. He equates Lord Protector of the Commonwealths with Lord God, Almighty Protector, and elevates himself to that status. This results in a very cold, cruel, distant man who is baffled by the idea that a man would rather mourn for his seemingly dead daughter than follow his orders to the letter. Which is, honestly, very standard behavior for any man who thinks himself a god.

So does Cromwell give any indication of acknowledging a God higher than himself? Yes; all of twice in the movie. He’s seen praying once, but this too could be interpreted as talking to himself, as he again says only “Lord” and not “Lord God,��� and he ends his prayer insisting that what he wants to do must be “the Lord’s will.” His prayer was likely to assure himself that he was still a humble man, so he could go out and continue to deify himself without guilt. At the climax of the movie, when Bill, who was bitten by Moll while she was trying to defend Mebh, takes on his new wolf form for the first time, Cromwell becomes genuinely terrified by the enormous wolf in front of him and cries out for the Lord God Almighty to protect him. It is the only time in the entire movie when Cromwell actually turns to a higher power than himself for help--and after everything else he’s done up to this point, it’s too late to curry any favor with God.

The climax ends with Cromwell’s death, as he allows himself to fall off a cliff rather than be turned into a Wolfwalker by Bill’s bite. The false god plunges to his demise, purportedly surrendering his soul to the God of heaven. This is more historical license, as the real Cromwell died of natural causes eight years after the movie is set.

Some viewers of the film have interpreted Cromwell vs. the Wolfwalkers as Christianity vs. paganism, conveniently forgetting that the Goodfellowes are Christians and gave no indication of converting at the end of the film. A look into Wolfwalker lore reveals the legend behind them; they were either blessed or cursed by St. Patrick (and one’s opinion on which it was depends on one’s opinion of wolves in general), who made a bargain with them. He did not want to force their conversion (this is true to the character of the real St. Patrick, who believed faith in God must be a personal choice and not coerced), but allowed them to roam free, albeit as wolves while they slept. Since Wolfwalkers are created not by choice, but by the bite of another Wolfwalker, it is well established that Wolfwalkers can be any religion. In the case of this film, exactly half of the Wolfwalkers are Protestants living in Catholic Ireland, with no indication that they’re going to change faiths, because they see no conflict between their faith and turning into wolves whenever they sleep. The presumably Catholic side character Sean Og even says that St. Patrick made peace with the pagans who became the original Wolfwalkers, and himself sees no problem with a Christian living as a wolf at night. He encourages Robyn’s friendship with Mebh, and cheers her on when she helps Moll escape. Cromwell alone sees conflict in the idea of a Christian Wolfwalker because he hates wolves and he hates anything that doesn’t basically worship him. Cromwell is the god of his realm, and if he says there will be no wolves or Wolfwalkers, then so be it. He will destroy every one of them, down to the last child. This is a story of a man who has deified himself going up against people who understand the difference between true faith and forced compliance. I think it’s safe to say St. Patrick would probably be on the Wolfwalkers’ side.

The Fitzpatrick family alias the Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty were kings of Osraighe whose king was, from the 1540s, known as Baron Upper Ossory. At one time he was royal ruler over the Kingdom of Ossory (today comprising County Kilkenny and the western half of neighbouring Laois). Brían Óg Mac Giolla Phádraig was the first Irish noble to accept the surrender and regrant terms of Henry VIII, and as a result in 1541, Brian became the first to assume the surname Fitzpatrick in place of Mac Gìolla Phádraig, for which he was created Baron Upper Ossory in the Irish House of Lords. In the 17th century, the Fitzpatricks lost considerable territory through their staunch support of James II. Nevertheless, the head of the sept received a peerage in 1714 as Baron Gowran which was elevated to Earl of Upper Ossory in 1751. A third title Baron Castletown was granted in 1869. Records from 1878 show that no less than 22,000 acres (89 km²) of the finest land in Ossory was owned by the family. Wikipedia.org.

Host Country Project “Dia Dhuit” is a formal hello in my host country of Ireland.  The actual translation for Dia Dhuit is God to you. The respond is “Dia is Muire Dhuit” meaning God and Mary to you.  The location of Ireland is Northwest Europe.  Ireland is an island surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Malin Sea, and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland is only one country that boarders Ireland by land. Some of the important cities are Kilkenny, Galway, and the capital city Dublin. The language is mostly English with few western territories that speak Gaeilge.  Some other sayings, I found was Aon sceal this is used to ask a friend what’s up and translates in to any news. If nothing is up the response is Diabhal an sceal meaning devil is the news. The Irish culture had a profound influence from Christianity and Celts. The Celts were Europeans warriors that traveled to Ireland and started farming.  The Celts shaped many of the stories and legends that can still be heard to this day.  While looking at the Irish culture there is no doubt that Christianity plays a part in the values and morality of their lives.  Most of the art I have seen has had a form of a Celtic knot or a cross.  Some of the closes cultures to Ireland would be England, Scotland, and America.  Settlers from Europe established both Ireland and America bringing along their values and traditions. The history of Ireland has been written in the blood of the British and the Irish.  Starting in 1782 Ireland made a trade agreement that allowed the Irish Parliament to have more power.  In 1798, United Irish people rebellion with help from the French and lost resulting in Britain taking tying Ireland politically with Great Britain.  In 1845 to 1847 the potato crops of Ireland were riddled with disease causing the crops to be inedible.  This devastated the country as agriculture was its main resource.  Back to more conflict with British, on April 24 of 1916 two armed rebellions seize key locations in Dublin.  In the center of the City they read the Proclamation of the Republic. The fighting last six days and on April 30 the rebels surrender. Many of the Irish had few options on the rebellion until Britain had the leaders and participants executed. The executions turned the rebels in to martyrs creating a cause against Great Brittan.  A few years later in 1919 the fight with the British started again.  Lasting two years the fight stopped and Ireland was now its own country away from British rule.  The treaty that ended the fighting with the British slip Ireland in to Northern Ireland containing six counties and The Republic of Ireland containing twenty-six counties.  But the fighting continued, a civil war broke out between the pro and anti-treaty for the next two years.  The effects of this civil war can still be seen in the two-party system they have today.  In 1968, Catholic marches began to stop the oppression from the protestants that ruled in the government.  The British send troops to help control the marches and on January 30th 1972 the British troops fired in to a crowd of people injuring twenty-six unarmed civilians.  In 1998, the Good Friday or Belfast Agreement was signed in Northern Ireland to end the bloodshed. The government is still making amends for all the violence that has happened to allow Ireland the opportunity to become a free country The main religion in Ireland is Roman Catholic at around eighty-five percent. In recent years, this number has fallen and people that have not religious beliefs are growing.   One of the significant issues Ireland currently faces is that separation of church and state.  The higher government officials use their power and beliefs to choose some of the laws.  An example of this is the case where a mother died while visiting Ireland because there was a complication to the pregnancy. In accordance with Irish law it is illegal to obtain any kind of abortion.    In recent years, a push for the Catholic church to stop using its influence to make laws and regulations.  The social system of Ireland treats man and women on reasonably equal roles.  The social classes are broken in to three groups high, middle, and working.  The middle class is growing as more people have a higher income however the power of the middle class has not changed.  The high-class people still hold majority of the power.   Some of the main sources of news is The Irish News, The Irish Sun and The Irish Times.  For television, the major stations are BBC Ireland, Boomerang Europe, and Animal Planet.  Many of the stations are like the American stations with the vast network of the cable and broadcasting networks.  The most famous Irish movie I found was the 1991 “The Commitments” directed by Alan Parker.  Many of the movies I found from Ireland were comedies mostly in the dark comedy sub group. When many think of Ireland they think a potato.   It is true many of Irish dishes contain potatoes.  I believe that this way of thinking is because the great famine that devastated the Irish people.  Most of Irish food is soups and stews.  Another link between the Catholics and the Irish can be seen from this past Easter season.   In the Catholic tradition between Ash Wednesday and Holy Thursday is considered the season of lent.  On Fridays during lent there is a fasting period from red meat.  Some bishops of the Catholic church waved the fasting of red meat in the celebration of Saint Patrick’s Day.  For on Saint Patrick’s Day a staple food for celebration is bangers and mash. This project has made me want to travel to Ireland I see the history of Europe.  I have always heard of the Irish hating the British but now I understand where that anger has come from.  I also learned how recent Ireland has gained its independence. I am excited to see that world and open my mind to new cultures and ideas.  

John Curry, An Historical and Critical Review of the Civil Wars in Ireland v2, 1786

Page 27: The king secretly regrets this measure. His majesty did not become guilty, all at once, of this open violation of the public faith. “Before he left Breda he yielded thus far to the Scotch commissioners, that if a free parliament in the kingdom of Scotland should so think fitting, he would then find some way, how with honor and justice, he might make void the Irish peace. In the meantime his majesty would by no means permit that any such thing should be inserted in the body of the articles of agreement; and it was concluded, that that business should remain in a distinct paper in the al of Cassel’s hands, in regard of the dishonor it might bring on the Marquis of Ormond, and his majesty’s friends in Ireland. No sooner was this done, but his majesty labored immediately to inform Ormond of what had passed; and Mr. Richard Weston was dispatched, on the 16th of May, from Breda, and 150 pounds given him to defray his charges. But when his majesty came into Scotland, h found him there, alleging, “that he was not permitted by the Scots to proceed in his journey; at which his majesty was exceedingly troubled, but saw plainly, it was a contrivance between him (Weston), Lord Wilmot and the Scots.

Page 32: That active obedience ought to be paid to the lawful commands of popish, presbyterian, or even pagan princes, is not denied or controverted. The only question here is, whether either popish or protestant subjects are bound to pay such obedience to the unlawful commands of any prince, who had broken the public faith, solemnly plighted to them; and who had publicly vowed, in the manner before mention, the utter extirpation of their religion and persons?

Page 125: “It will be difficult,” says a contemporary writer, “to persuade those who were not eyewitnesses of the fact, that the royal authority of a Christian king, which in one part of his dominions maintained the peer in his dignity, the commoner in his birthright and liberty; which protected the weak from the oppression of the mighty, and secured the nobility from the insolence of the people; and by which, equal and impartial justice was distributed to all; should, at the same time, be made use of, in another part of his dominions, to condemn innocents before they were heard, to confirm unlawful and usurped possessions, to violate the public faith, to punish virtue, and countenance vice, to hold loyalty a crime, and treason worthy of reward; in a word, to exempt so many thousands of faithful and deserving subjects, from a general pardon, which, by a mercy altogether extraordinary, was extended to some of the murderers of his royal father.”

Page 195: Notwithstanding General Ginckle’s proclamation, printed at Dublin, February 4th, 1690, wherein he assured the papists in their majesties name, “that all of them, who would submit to their majesties government, should be protected as to their religion, status, and liberties; yet that did not hinder the multitude of outlawries, and other forfeitures and proceedings against those papists, who submitted to the government on that assurance. As to their religion,” adds Mr. Lesley, “they did not complain, for king William was very gracious to them in that respect; but as to their persons, estates and liberties, they cried out heavily of breach of public faith, and great oppression.”

Page 197: Footnote: An order of the lords justices Porter and Coningsby, to Samuel Booth, Esq.; high sheriff of the county of Kilkenny, dated 19th November, 1691, sets forth, “that they were extremely surprised at the frequent complaints they received from all parts of the kingdom, notwithstanding their proclamation to the contrary, of the ill treatment of the Irish, who were in arms against their majesties, and have either submitted, and are under their majesties protection, or are included in the articles granted upon the surrender of some of their garrisons, or submission of their army. That this proceeding has so extremely terrified them with the apprehensions of the continuance of this sort of usage, that they found experimentally, some thousands who quitted the Irish army, and went home with a resolution not to go for France, are now come back again, and press earnestly to go thither, rather than stay here; where, contrary to the public faith, as well as against law and justice, they are robbed of their substance, and abused in their persons, etc.” From an attested MSS Copy of that Order, communicated to me by Mr. James Laffan of Kilkenny.

Page 205: “But in order to obviate this (indeed) perfidious doctrine, thus solemnly delivered from the pulpit by the bishop of Meath, doctor Moreton,’ bishop of Kildare, the following Sunday, showed the obligation of keeping the public faith. This matter became so much the subject of discourse, that it was necessary to settle people’s opinions on the controverted points; and to that end, Dean Synge preached in the same church, on these words, “keep peace with all men if it be possible;” and moderated so judiciously, that no more was heard of the dispute from the pulpit; but in parliament, and council, the difference subsisted, until the English act of resumption quieted the disputants, who then saw they lost nothing by the Articles.”

Page 224: After a tedious and melancholy narrative of the state of the Irish Catholics at different periods, for the space of more than of one hundred and fifty years, I should have no occasion to relate the following, had their sufferings ended at the surrender of Limerick. Then indeed they might subscribe with others, in proclaiming the change, a glorious revolution. But the conditions they had by that surrender obtained (I may say sealed with their blood), though agreed upon and signed by both parties, in the most solemn manner, and afterwards ratified and approved by both their majesties, King William and Queen Mary, under the great seal of England, were soon after basely infringed contrary to the law of nature, the law of nations, and the public faith. The infringement of these articles on the part of government commenced very early after they were signed; and it was afterwards repeated, from time to time, in such a manner, as to prepare the minds of the people to receive with less surprise, the total violation of them by acts “to prevent the further growth of popery,” which were then in contemplation.

Page 225: It appears from a letter of the lords justices of the 19th of November, 1691, “... that their lordships had received complaints from all parts of Ireland, of the ill treatment of the Irish, who had submitted, had their majesties protection, or were included in articles; and that they were so extremely terrified with apprehensions of the continuance of that usage, that some thousands of them, who had quitted the Irish army, and went home with a resolution not to go for France, were then come back again, and pressed earnestly to go, thither, rather than stay in Ireland, where, contrary to the public faith (add these . . . . . - justices)

Page 234: But, indeed, what better could these commons have expected from a person, “ who," regardless of public faith, and the articles of the capitulation of Limerick, had procured to be enacted, a penal statute, through which there runs such a vein of ingenious cruelty, that it seems to be dictated rather by some praetor of Diocletian, than by a British or Irish nobleman.

Page 237: On the 23d of February, 1703, pursuant to leave given by the commons,' Sir Theobald Butler, Counsellor Malone, and Sir Stephen Rice (the two former in their gowns, as counsel for the petitioners in general, and the last without a gown, as only a petitioner in his private capacity), appeared at the bar of the house of commons. Sir Theobald Butler, the first and principal speaker on this occasion, demonstrated in a long and pathetic speech,” that almost every clause in the act then before them, relating to the Roman catholics of Ireland, was a direčt infringement of one or other of the articles of Limerick, which he, at the same time, held in his hand. “ Articles,” added he,” “ solemnly engaged to them, as the public faith of the nations 

Page 238: That all the Irish, then in arms against the government, had submitted thereunto, and surrendered the city of Limerick, and all the other garrisons in their possession; when they were in a condition to have held out, till they might have been relieved by the succours then coming out of France ; that they had taken such oaths to the king and queen, as by the said articles they were obliged to take; that their submission was upon such terms, as ought to be then, and at all times, made good to them; and that therefore to break those articles, would be the greatest injustice for any one people in the whole world to inflict upon another, being contrary to the laws of both God and man. That the case of the Gibeonites, 2 Sam. 21:1, was a fearful example of the breach of public faith, which, above an hundred years after, brought nothing less than a three years famine on the land; and stayed not until the lives of all Saul’s family atoned for it. That even among the Heathens, and most barbarous of nations, all the world over, the public faith was always held sacred and binding, and that surely it would find no less regard in that honourable assembly.”

Page 265: THOUGH the exercise of the catholic religion at this time was connived at in this kingdom, the penal laws affecting the property of its professors, were so frequently and rigorously executed, that several wealthy families were reduced to the sad alternative, either to quit their native country or to starve in it, which shews the falsehood and absurdity of the common pretence, that these laws were originally framed and since kept inforce, meerly for the suppression of the exercise of the popish religion, on a groundless supposition, as it now appears, that both its doćtrine and practice are hostile to the peace, order, and very being of this protestant government. “ The Roman catholics of Ireland (said an eminent member of the British commons on this occasion) enjoy the full and free exercise of their religion; it is against their property that the sword of law is raised.” In this situation they at length began to recollect the capitulation of Limerick in 1691, heretofore mentioned, as a topic of redress very proper to be now revived, which they seemed to have strangely forgotten or overlooked for many years past, and which nevertheless holds forth to them as full and as solemn an assurance of being exempted from all future penalties and restraints on account of their religion, as the public faith of the nation, confirmed by an act of the Irish parliament, is capable of giving them. Upon this ground therefore, they formed an humble and dutiful remonstrance of their grievances relative to their property, with a view of having it presented in due form, to his late majesty. But that good king happening to die at this juncture, to the great regret of all his subjects of every denomination, it was then thought proper, to introduce this remonstrance to the throne, by first presenting a congratulatory address to his present most gracious majesty, on his happy accession; which address was accordingly drawn up, and after having been signed by all the most considerable Roman catholics of the kingdom, was laid before the Earl of Halifax, lord lieutenant of Ireland, and by him transmitted to his majesty, by whom it was graciously received.

Page 267: Whereupon these noblemen and gentlemen laid down their arms, and immediately submitted to their majesties government; at the same time that they had offers of powerful assistance from France, which might, if accepted, have greatly obstructed the success of their majesties arms in the war then carrying on abroad against that kingdom. And although these articles were duly ratified and confirmed, first by the commander in chief of their majesties forces in Ireland in conjunction with the then lords justices thereof, and afterwards by an ačt of the Irish parliament, in the ninth year of his majesty king William's reign, by which they became the public faith of the nation, plighted and engaged to these people in as full, firm and solemn manner, as ever public faith was plighted to any people; yet so far were the Roman catholics of Ireland from receiving the just benefit thereof ; so far from seeing any steps taken, or means used in the Irish parliament, to procure them such promised security, as might preserve them from any disturbance on account of their religion, that on the contrary, feveral laws have been since enacted in that parliament, by which the exercise of their religion is made penal, and themselves and their heirs for ever have forfeited those rights, immunities and titles to their estates and properties, which in the reign of king Charles II. they were by law entitled to, and enjoyed, in common with the rest of their fellow subjects.

Page 342: On the same day another proclamation was published, summoning the lords dwelling in the English pale near Dublin to a grand council on the 17th of the said month; but the lords justices and their party of the council, to take away all hope of accommodation, gave direction to the said Sir Charles Coote, the said 15th day of the said month of December, to march to Clontarffe, being the house and town of the said Gorge Kinge, and two miles from Dublin, to pillage, burn, kill, and destroy all that there was to be found; which direction was readily and particularly observed, (in a manifest breach of public faith) by means whereof, the meeting of the said grand council was diverted: the lords not daring to come within the power of such notorious faith-breakers: the consideration whereof, and of other the matters aforesaid, made the nobility and gentry of the english pale, and other parts of the province of Leinster, sensible of the present danger, and put themselves in the best posture they could for they natural defense.

Page 388: “That the said articles were signed and perfected by the said general, and the then lords justices of this kingdom; and afterwards ratified by their late majesties, for themselves, their heirs and successors; and have been since confirmed by an act of parliament in this kingdom, viz. stat. 9, Guil. 3, ses. 4, chap. 27, (which he there produced and pleaded), and said could not be avoided without breaking the said articles, and the public faith thereby plight to all those comprised under the said articles, in the most solemn and engaging manner, ’tis possible for any people to lay themselves under; and than which nothing could be more scared and binding. That therefore to violate, or break those articles, would on the contrary be the greatest injustice possible for any one people of the whole world to inflict upon another, and which is contrary to both the laws of God and man.

Page 389: The fact that their submission was upon such terms, as ought now, and at all times to be made good to them: but that if the bill then before the house, intituled, An act to prevent the further growth of popery, should pass into a law (which, said h, God for forbid!) it would be not only a violation of this articles, but also a manifest breach of the public faith, of which the English had always been most tender in many instances, some of which he there quoted; and that, in particular, in the preamble of the act before mention, made for confirmation of these articles, wherein there is a particular regard, and respect and to the public faith.

“That since the said articles were thus under the most solemn ties, and for such valuable considerations granted the petitioners, by nothing less than the general of the army, the lords justices of the kingdom, the king, queen, and parliament, the public faith of the nation was therein concerned, obliged, bound, and engaged, as fully and firmly, as was possible for one people to pledge faith to another; that therefore this parliament could not pass such a bill, as that intituled, An act to prevent the further growth of popery, then before the house, into a law, without infringing those articles, and a manifest breach of the public faith; of which he hoped that house, would be no less regardful, and tender, than their predecessors, who made the act for confirm gin those articles had been.

“That the case of the Gibeonites, 2 Samuel 21:1, was a fearful example of breaking of public faith, which above 100 years after brought nothing less, than a three years’ famine upon the land, and stayed not till the lives of all Saul’s family atoned for it.

“That even among the heathens, and most barbarous of nations, all the world over, the public faith had always been held most sacred and binding, that surely it would find no less a regard in that august assembly.

“That if he proved that the passing that act, was such a manifest breach of those articles, and consequently of the public faith, he hoped that honorable house would be very tender how they passed the said bill before them into a law; to the apparent prejudice of the petitions, and the hazard of bringing upon themselves and posterity, such evils, reproach and infamy, as the doing the like had bought upon other nations and people.

“Now, that the passing such a bill as that then before the house to prevent the further growth of popery, will be a breach of those articles, and consequently of the public faith, I prove (said he) by the following argument.

Page 390: “The argument then is (said he) whatever shall be enacted to the prejudice or destroying of any obligation, covenant or contract, in the most solemn manner, and for the most valuable consideration entered into, is a manifest violation and destruction of every such obligation, covenant and contract: but the passing that bill into a law, will evidently and absolutely destroy the articles of Limerick and Galway, to all intents and purposes, and therefore the passing that bill into a law, will be such a breach of those articles; and consequently of the public faith, plighted for performing those articles; which remained to be proved.

“The major is proved (said he) for that whatever destroys or violates any contract or obligation, upon the most valuable considerations, most solemnly made and entered into; destroys and violates the end of every such contract or obligation: but the end and design of those articles was, that all those therein comprised, and every of their heirs, should hold, possess, and enjoy all and every of their stats of freehold and inheritance, and all the rights, titles, and interests, privileges and immunities, which they and every of them held, enjoyed, or were rightfully entitled to, in the reign of king Charles the Second; or at any time since, by the laws and statutes that were in force in the said reign in this realm: But that the design of this bill, was to take away every such right, title, interest, etc. from every father being a papist, and to make the popish father, who, by the articles and laws aforesaid, had an undoubted right, either to sell or otherwise at pleasure to dispose of his state, at any time of his life, as he thought fit; only tenant for life: and consequently disabled from selling, or otherwise disposing throw, after his son or other heir should come protestant; though otherwise never so disobedient, profligate, or extravagant: Ergo, this act tends to the destroying the end for which those articles were made, and consequently the breaking of the public faith, plighted for their performance.

“The minor is proved by the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 15th, 16th, and 17th, clauses of the said bill, all which (said he) I shall consider and speak to, in the order as they are placed in the bill.

“By the first of these clauses (which is the third of the bill), I that am the popish father, without committing any crime against the state, or the laws of the land, (by which only I ought to be governed) or any other fault; but merely for being of the religion of my forefathers, and that which, till of late years, was the ancient religion of these kingdoms, contrary to the express words of the second article of Limerick, and the public faith, plighted as aforesaid for their performance; am deprived of my inheritance, freehold, etc. and of all other advantages which by those articles, and the laws of the land, I am entitled to enjoy, equally with very other of my fellow subjects, whether protestant or popish.

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a team with a winning road record and 10 their last 13 following a S.U. Jamesie O’Connor believes Galway’s -form forwards ask serious questions Cheap NFL Jerseys Wholesale of Kilkenny, but doubts remain over the Tribesmen’s defence. They are 19th the Majors team earned run average at 4. It has all come together for him this week. went 4 off talent. terms of pace they average 70 cheap jerseys possessions per 40 minutes and their effective field goal percentage is 52%. They have over under record of 4 and they are 2 against the MLB Jerseys Cheap spread. The home team is 5 ATS the last 6 meetings and the favorite is 7 ATS the last 9 meetings.

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#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

The success of Oliver Cromwell’s Irish campaign during the autumn of 1649 caused further divisions in the Marquis of Ormond’s Royalist-Confederate coalition. With the defeat of British and Scottish forces in Ulster and the defection of most of Lord Inchiquin’s Protestant troops to the Parliamentarians, Ormond was obliged to rely increasingly upon Catholic support. Early in December 1649, the…

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#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

Parramatta Eels 2017 title contenders, Semi Radradra | Geelong ... | Semi Radradra

Parramatta are being urged to cut loose troubled star Semi Radradra as the club begins its rebuild following a disastrous 2016 season. If putting a half-century points on the Broncos was Parramatta's 'Hello World' moment before the NRL finals, then coach Brad Arthur wants to make sure it's a swift greeting. NRL: Parramatta legend Peter Sterling says he hopes there is a valid reason Semi Radradra didn't turn up to court to fight his domestic violence charges. It was an amazing team win for Parramatta but Semi Radradra was the star, scoring four tries against Brisbane.

Sydney FC can try to become the A-League's Invincibles but Melbourne City are set on lifting the FFA Cup trophy, says midfielder Neil Kilkenny. Superstar Fijian winger Semi Radradra scored four tries in the game, beating Brisbane defenders at will during scintillating length-of-the-field runs. Kirisome Auva'a scored the fastest try in NRL history in just 12.88 seconds and fellow Eels winger Semi Radradra bagged another four as Parramatta romped into the top four with their eighth win in nine games.My father used to speak glowingly of wingers from the old days like Harold Horder, Benny Wearing, Cec Blinkhorn, Brian Bevan and Eddie Lumsden. Radradra has reportedly been signed to a deal worth upwards of a million dollars, however the Eels will play hardball if Semi is after a release.

Parramatta Eels winger Semi Radradra has been ordered to surrender his passport after appearing in court today on domestic violence charges. The 24-year-old was due in court earlier in.THE NRLs fairytale factory is loading up on blue and gold paint.

Hurling League Produces Magic

Hurling is the best spot in the world; Sunday showed why.

The knockout stages of the hurling league began on Sunday. My god, were we treated. 

Three Division 1B sides, upset their A counterparts. The most shocking was Wexford’s surprise win over Kilkenny.

Limerick and Galway shook up the hierarchy, claiming the scalps of Cork and Waterford, respectively.

Tipperary were the only top tier team to triumph, the division’s dominance is in doubt.

Not since 2014 has a team from Division 1A gone on to lift the trophy. It goes to show the competitiveness of the sport in recent years.

There is nowhere else to start our round-up, other than at Nowlan Park.

The Cats were favourites ahead of throw-in but Wexford looked sharper from the offset.

There is a sense that Davy may be brewing another miracle. He has already taken two teams to the All-Ireland final, on yesterday’s performance there is no reason Wexford can’t be the third.

It ended in a five-point victory for the Model County, a result that flattered Cody’s men.

Kilkenny had to rely on Eoin Murphy to make some next-dimension saves to bail them out. Wexford cut them open at will, as the Cats’ frailties were exposed.

It’s Tipp next for the Yellowbellies, who will be out to restore the reputation of 1A.

It was a Sunday stroll for the All-Ireland champions.

Tipp disposed of Offaly the same way I do my morning shite; A hard push for most of it, but a slow exit.

Tipp piled into a commanding lead and were ten points ahead at half-time, Callanan helping himself to 1-6.

Second-half goals from Steven O’Brien, Paul Flynn and another from Seamus Callanan extended Tipp’s lead to twenty-five points.

Offaly put some gloss on the scoreboard towards the end, with two goals from Shane Dooley in the final few minutes. It was a case of Tipp pulling up, knowing a spot in the semis was safe.

Limerick face Galway in their semi-final, following a hard fought win in Pairc Ui Roinn.

In what was a dogfight between the two sides, there was never much to separate them.

Cork had been in fine form but Limerick showed the heart of Sean South and outlasted the Rebels. The game ebbed and flowed for the opening three-quarters with the lead changing hands nine times.

With three minutes left, Limerick began a run of three back-to-back points. A lead they refused to surrender.

It bodes well for the Treaty with the championship looming.

Galway produced the most remarkable win of the quarters.  Trailing by seven points entering the final quarter, Joe Canning managed to claw them back into the game.

Galway were granted a late lifeline when they were awarded a penalty. Canning made no mistake and the Deise capitulated.

Canning ended with a personal tally of 1-10. Galway finished the game with a goal and seven points unanswered.

Galway will be looking to do the double over Limerick, having already beaten them by three points in the pool stages.

Wexford will be aiming to prove that their win over Kilkenny was no fluke. What bigger scalp than the reigning champs?

It would take a brave man to call these games with the teams so evenly matched.

So just sit back, relax and enjoy; the summer is upon us.  

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#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

The success of Oliver Cromwell’s Irish campaign during the autumn of 1649 caused further divisions in the Marquis of Ormond’s Royalist-Confederate coalition. With the defeat of British and Scottish forces in Ulster and the defection of most of Lord Inchiquin’s Protestant troops to the Parliamentarians, Ormond was obliged to rely increasingly upon Catholic support. Early in December 1649, the…

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#OTD in 1650 – Kilkenny surrendered to Oliver Cromwell.

The success of Oliver Cromwell’s Irish campaign during the autumn of 1649 caused further divisions in the Marquis of Ormond’s Royalist-Confederate coalition. With the defeat of British and Scottish forces in Ulster and the defection of most of Lord Inchiquin’s Protestant troops to the Parliamentarians, Ormond was obliged to rely increasingly upon Catholic support. Early in December 1649, the…

View On WordPress