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levynite · 1 year

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Why Oil-Rich State Sparked $14 Billion Battle Between Malaysia and Philippine ‘Royal Heirs’

By Andreo Calonzo, Ravil Shirodkar and Kok Leong Chan

14 April 2023 at 7:00 am MYT

Surrounded by three seas, the Malaysian state of Sabah, at the northern end of Borneo island, boasts picturesque beaches, stunning mountains — and a rich supply of palm oil and crude reserves. This idyllic place, however, has long been a source of friction with the neighboring Philippines — home to claimants to the throne of the defunct Sulu Sultanate — over the question of ownership. While the Malaysian government has rejected the would-be heirs’ claims, and even branded one of them a terrorist, a European court has ordered Malaysia to pay some $14 billion as compensation. While the legal battle continues, new governments in both countries are figuring out how to possibly resolve the pesky issue.

1. How did this start?

The dispute originates from a commercial contract signed in 1878 by the Sulu Sultanate — an archipelago stretching across the Sulu Sea in Southeast Asia — with two European merchants who later formed the British North Borneo Company. There’s still debate on whether the sultan leased or ceded the area of Sabah under the agreement. The state fell under British control after World War II, and residents voted to join Malaysia when the country gained independence in 1963 — shortly after the sultanate ceded its sovereignty to the Philippines. The Malaysian government agreed to continue annual payments of 5,300 ringgit ($1,200) to the sultan’s descendants. In early 2013, Malaysian planes bombarded Sabah and sent ground troops after an armed clan from the Philippines invaded to try to reclaim territory. They were followers of a self-proclaimed sultan, Jamalul Kiram III. Dozens of people were killed, and the payments stopped after that. Kiram III, who died later that year, was an indirect descendant of the last uncontested sultan, Jamalul Kiram II, who died in 1936 with no heirs.

2. Why is the Philippines involved?

Malaysia’s neighbor has retained a dormant claim on Sabah derived from the Sulu Sultanate, most of which is now Philippine territory. (The sultanate’s royal capital of Maimbung is located in what’s now the province of Sulu in the southwest.) Over the years, Philippine presidents have vacillated between reviving the claim to letting sleeping dogs lie so as to smooth ties with Malaysia. Sultan Mahakuta Kiram was the last to be officially recognized by the Philippine government, under the dictator Ferdinand Marcos. The sultan’s reign ended with his death in 1986, around the same time Marcos was deposed. The Philippines hasn’t recognized anyone since. But the issue of Sabah’s ownership lingered. In 2020, the issue again sparked another diplomatic spat, with top officials sparring on Twitter.

3. Why is Sabah important?

Besides being a popular tourist destination with beaches and diving sites, the rain-forested former sultanate — more than 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) across the South China Sea from peninsular Malaysia — accounts for more than a quarter of the country’s crude oil reserves and has lured oil and gas investments from the likes of Shell and ConocoPhillips. Sabah is also Malaysia’s biggest palm-oil producing state, while the country’s is the world’s second-biggest palm oil grower.

4. How did the dispute end up in Europe?

Years after Malaysia stopped its payments, the Sulu heirs hired lawyers to pursue legal action based on the original commercial deal. The claimants are bankrolled by a global litigation fund, Therium Capital Management Ltd. After being blocked in the UK and then Spain, another former colonial power, they ended up in an arbitration court in Paris. The arbitrator last year ordered Malaysia to pay 62.59 billion ringgit ($14 billion) to the sultan’s descendants as restitution and compensation. (The issue of sovereignty was not addressed.) Malaysia obtained an order from the Paris Court of Appeals staying enforcement of the ruling. The Sulu heirs challenged it but the stay was upheld in March 2023. Shortly before that, bailiffs appeared at the Malaysian embassy and staff residence in Paris, seeking details about the property. The bailiffs, who appeared to have acted on instruction from the Sulu claimants, were turned away. Malaysia’s Special Sulu Secretariat said it plans to bring the Sulu heirs to court over the maneuver. Meanwhile, Malaysia’s state-owned oil and gas company Petroliam Nasional Bhd., known as Petronas, confirmed in February that it had been served seizure orders on two units in Luxembourg, as part of the Sulu claimants’ efforts to enforce the arbitration award. Petronas said the action was “baseless” and vowed to defend its legal position.

5. What’s the strategy now?

Malaysia’s new government under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, elected in November, plans “to go on the offensive” against the Sulu group, a change from the previous strategy of “firefighting,” Khairul Dzaimee Daud, director-general in the law ministry, said in April. In a first step, Malaysia classified one of the Sulu claimants — Muhammad Fuad Abdullah Kiram — as a terrorist under the country’s anti-money laundering and terrorism laws. The person is one of the Sulu group’s eight members claiming to be heirs of the Sulu sultan, according to the government. A lawyer for the Sulu claimants described Malaysia’s move as an attempt “to pressure foreign courts,” adding that his client is “no terrorist.” Malaysia also approved the hiring of a UK-based public relations firm and sending the home minister to the four countries — France, Spain, Luxembourg and the Netherlands — involved in the arbitration. Back home, Anwar and Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. — the former president’s son, who was elected last year — agreed in March to hold in-depth talks.

The Reference Shelf

Malaysia’s virtual repository for information related to the Sabah case, and another website maintained by lawyers for the claimants.

A succession flowchart of the Sulu sultanate provided by the Philippine government.

The website of the Sabah state government.

A former Philippine chief justice opines on the Sabah legal claims.

A 1908 book, History of Sulu, from the Philippines.

(click on main link for photos and graphics)

#sabah #the bloody defunct sulu sultanate so-called heirs again #ugh

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southeastasianarchaeology · 1 year

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A reader’s guide to “The Rulers of Magindanao, 1515-1903”

via Minda News, 07 May 2023: Datu Michael Ong Mastura delivers a lecture on his book, “The Rulers of Magindanao in Modern History, 1515-1903” during its launch at the Ateneo de Manila University in Quezon City on May 4, 2023. The book explores the continuity and change in a traditional realm in the southern Philippines and asks if pre-colonial Filipinos developed a concept of statehood, with a…

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#Mindanao (island)#Sulu Sultanate #talks / presentations

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thisisbjoeblog · 1 year

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National Security 101: Sulu Dubious Claim - Countering Wrong & Fake Information

Sulu heirs basically shot themselves in the leg for any legal claims when 235 Sulu militants decided to invade Lahad Datu in 2013 which saw 68 of these terrorists killed and 10 of the brave Malaysian security forces losing their life. Imagine the gall of these terrorists now wanting to claim billions of money from the Malaysian Government after all the murders they have committed. Image source:…

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#Agreement #Court #Criminal #Europe #Government #International Law #Lahad Datu #Money #National Security #Scam #Security #Sulu Sultanate #War

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eisunoh · 2 years

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#astro awani #consider this #sulu #sultanate #sabah #claims #arbitration #award #Malaysia #petronas #asset #seizure

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filipinfodump · 3 months

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Hi, I want to ask if you have any topics about the Philippine-American War? I have gotten myself in Philippine History and I want to know deeper. Thanks:)

I was thinking of many ways on how to answer this because this is such a large and complicated topic but I could just try to summarize some stuff here and tell you what I know and what I could find.

The Filipino-American war mainly started as Filipinos felt betrayed by their former American allies after the country was sold to them by Spain after the Spanish-American war during the Treaty of Paris of 1898 for $20 million alongside other Spanish colonies like Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba (American Historical Association, n.d.). This feeling of betrayal had come from the fact that the leader and dictator president of the Filipino revolutionaries, Emilio Aguinaldo of the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (en. The Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation) or the Katipunan for short, actually sought assistance from the Americans in Hong Kong during the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain which was happening at the same time (Kedmey, 2013). This is why tensions were so high with the Americans when they first formally colonized the Philippines.

Interestingly, the purchase also included some territories that weren't actually part of Spanish rule such as the Sultanate of Sulu as well as some indigenous territories which led to a strained relationship with the Americans moving forward such as the independent Moros of Muslim Mindanao later being forced to assimilate to the rest of the colony of the Philippines despite previous agreements that state that they will leave them alone, mirroring the way the United States government treated Native Americans (Gowing, 1968).

Fighting between the American army and the Filipino army first broke out when on February 4, 1899 after Private William W. Grayson fired at 4 Filipino soldiers who cocked their rifles in response to them ordering the men to halt which later broke out into the Battle of Manile of 1899 (Chaput, 2012). As the Filipinos and Americans declared war on each other, the Katipuneros resorted to the mountains to start guerilla warfare against the American army (Philippine-American War, n.d.) which then lasted until 1901 when Aguinaldo was captured on March 23, 1901, just a day after Aguinaldo's birthday actually with the capture being attributed to two of his men, Lazaro Segovia and Hilario Tal Placido who betrayed him to the Americans with his other men still being too relaxed from the festivities the day before (Ocampo, 2010).

The fighting continued despite his capture and surrender until the last of the generals, General Macario Sakay, surrendered in July 14, 1906 who was then later executed along side his men on September 13, 1907 despite the initial promise of amnesty by the American government (Pangilinan & Pimintel, 2008).

The war ended the lives of 4,300 American soldiers with only 1,500 having been killed in action with the rest succumbing to diseases, while Filipino forces suffered 20,000 casualties alongside the death of 200,000 Filipino civilians due to hunger, disease, and combat (Philippine-American War, n.d.).

The violence of the situation and especially committed by the American soldiers prompted a lot of protests in the United States to stop the war immediately, as letters of the situation had been sent back to their homes which describes in excruciating detail the war crimes that these soldiers were ordered to commit such as blockading and burning down villages, extreme torture of captured and suspected enemies, and much more. The most well-known of these torture methods that I remember being taught to us in history classes as early as 4th grade was the "Water Cure" where American soldiers would force water down the victim's throat in and force them to vomit it back out. This article has a detailed account of the exact nature of this torture method as it discusses the torture of Mayor Joveniano Ealdama of Igbaras, who, although no American troop was actually hurt in his town, was tortured with his town being burnt down by the Americans the very next day (Vestal, 2017).

I do have to be honest, I was utterly shocked at how little Americans really knew about the Philippine American colonial era and by extension the Philippine-American war especially with the sheer amount of brutality the Americans had done to Filipino locals as well as the large impact the American government and American culture has had in my country and I am glad that more and more people are starting to learn more about this but it's still rather disappointing.

Videos on the Philippine-American War

If you want to learn more about the Philippine-American War, I have a couple of recommendations for videos that you can watch.

This video by Crash Course explains the origins of American Imperial idealization as well as the wars that led up to the colonization of the many territories that America acquired during this time era:

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Here's a good summary by history teacher Mr. Beat of the major aspects of the war as well as the American public's perception of it that you can watch:

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Here's a video made with a Filipino-perspective by Jonas Tayaban on the topic:

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Here's a summary in Tagalog. It doesn't have English subtitles though but it does detail more things about the build-up and the subsequent wars between Spain and America and later the Philippines and Spain and then America too:

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Movies about the Philippine-American War

I would also be remiss to not suggest some historical movies that tackle the events of this time period and especially TBA Studios' Artikulo Uno films Heneral Luna (2015) which focuses on the most popular and effective general of the revolution Gen. Antonio Luna, and Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018) which focuses on Gregorio "Goyo" del Pilar, one the youngest generals of Filipino history who died a very tragic death at a young age:

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You can watch the full movie here complete with English Subtitles

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Another well-known movie about this time period is Viva Films' El Presidente (2012), although I had heard people say it's very much biased to the controversial dictator president Aguinaldo's side with many people citing that as the reason why they don't like the film.

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Here's a reupload of the full-movie. It doesn't have subtitles though.

I don't know of any American-made movies that focuses on this topic and I know there's several other films that focus more on the politics of the Katipunan and the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain, but not necessarily the Philippine-American War so if anyone has other suggestions, please let me know.

I would also like to suggest documentaries but most of the ones I've seen are on World War II and the others are other YouTube videos by history channels that I'm not too familiar with made by mostly white American YouTubers. Not that that would disqualify their videos (I did reference both John Green and Mr. Beat here) but I don't know these history channels and their hosts enough to recommend them in good faith as of right now.

Books and Further Reading on the Philippine-American War

For books on the subject, I often reference the many writings of Ambeth Ocampo such as his Looking Back series, specifically:

Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing (Shopee, Lazada, Amazon)

Looking Back 11: Independence x6 (Shopee, Lazada)

Looking Back 13: Guns of the Katipunan (Shopee, Lazada)

I'm also currently interested in buying some other books about the topic like The Hills of Sampaloc: The Opening Actions of the Philippine-American War, February 4-5, 1899 (Shopee, Amazon) but I don't really have any extra money to spare for it right now.

I remember that my father had some other books about this too but the names had escaped me and it's far too much work to try to sort out through his entire book pile in our house.

I hope this answer's comprehensive enough since the subject is, as I said before, quite complex and rather large so I can't really get into all the specifics right now.

References:

American Historical Association. (n.d.). How Did America Enter the Picture?. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-24-what-lies-ahead-for-the-philippines-(1945)/how-did-america-enter-the-picture

Chaput, D. (2012). Private William W Grayson's War in the Philippines, 1899. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/sites/ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/files/doc/publications/NH1980GraysonWar1899.pdf

Gowing, P. (1968). Muslim-American Relations in the Philippines, 1899-1929. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-06-03-1968/gowing-muslim-american%20relations%20in%20the%20philippines%201899-1920.pdf

Kedmey, D. (2013, June 13). Exiled in Hong Kong: Famous Company for Edward Snowden.Time. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://world.time.com/2013/06/15/exiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden/slide/general-emilio-aguinaldo/

Ocampo, A. (2010). Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing. Anvil Publishing

Pangilinan, F., & Pimintel, A. (2008, September 9). A Resolution Expressing the Sense of the Senate Honoring the Sacrifice of Macario Sakay and all other Filipinos who Gave Up their Lives in the Philippine-American War for our Freedom, Senate Resolution No. 623, 14th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/83927584!.pdf

Philippine-American War. In Britannica. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War

Vestal, A. (2017). The First Wartime Water Torture by Americans. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/mlr/vol69/iss1/2/

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makapatag · 6 months

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Gubat Banwa: THE SULTANATE OF AKAI

LUNAR KNIGHTS. CHIVALROUS POETS. FAITHFUL PANDITA. One of the most powerful mahamandalas in Gubat Banwa, conquering in their Divine Striving for Goddess, is inspired by the various Sultanates of Southeast Asia! STRIVE EVERMORE FOR GODDESS: AKAI!

While Akai is host to a huge number of religions, their culture and allied polities are skewered through with belief and utmost reverence for The Most High Baginda, BAGINDA SUMONGSUKLAY, which is not her name but a descriptor as the Crescent Moon.

Akai reverses the use of God and uses "Goddess" instead. They are a primarily matriarchical culture, and they believe that Goddess lives on the Moon. The Moon is the most important thing in the universe: it is the hole that leads into the True Space of Goddess.

Akai is intensely researched and inspired by popular Postclassical Southeast Asian societies: Malacca, Johore, Maguindanao, Sulu and more. They are raiders far and wide, and fight so that all of Gubat Banwa will know of the providence of Goddess.

Their faith, AGMA DAMLAG, is inspired by Southeast Asian Islam, which is skewered through with mixtures of local folklores and legends, making it different from "pure" Islam. It is filled with mysticism, jinns, and devil dancers.

Their Disciplines are focused on overwhelming and protecting, on defense. They are the unbreakable ones, after all! They are also inspired by Islamic Chivalry notes: it is the Sultanates that house the most court romance, poetry, and chivalry.

BEAST HUNTERS are those that turned the common profession of hunting in the Isles into an actual martial art. Out of necessity: Beast Hunters are quick and debilitating. According to their Faith, they cannot allow their dogs to bleed the prey before they do.

the MARTYRS are warriors that go into battle in a fierce death battle trance, always ready to die for their convictions. they get stronger as the fight goes, and their techniques let them strengthen their attacks, throw their giant weapons, go into holy rage, and wield juru pakal

SARIMANOK KNIGHTS are true chevaliers who wield the strength of the sarimanok--a revered omen bird that is integral to many cultures of the sword isles--to punish and smite those that would force them to kneel! they can fly upon sarimanok, or be imbued with the holiness of one

STRIFESINGERS sing the grand dirge of Gubat Banwa, as it revels in violence. they are constantly singing: they have a burst 2 aura that constantly heals and gives buffs, and they can put down grand songs that manipulate allies and the battlefield!

warriors that summon the knights of the sea: churning the waters with swordfishes and sharks are a common element in seasian folk tales. the swordfish cavalier is the purest representation of that, allowing them to manipulate water, turn into water, or summon the moon

All of these and more in our KS. Back us now and help us get more art and writing for this grand mahamandala!

Just as important: in solidarity with our colonized and oppressed peoples in Palestine! From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free! Check out this ongoing fundraiser that has over 250+ games for Gaza!

#gubat banwa #filipino #writing #gamedev #rpg #ttrpg #dnd #web serial #southeast asia #fantasy

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flagwars · 8 months

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Historical Flag Wars Round 1

The first round of the Historical Flag Wars starts today! Which flag are you rooting for?

Here are the brackets for Round 1:

1. Republic of Rotuma vs. Sultanate of Sulu

2. Peru (May 1822) vs. Kingdom of Amber

3. Green Mountain Boys vs. Taipei, Taiwan (1981-2010)

4. Kingdom of Laos vs. Kingdom of Abemama

5. State of Deseret vs. Guilford Courthouse Flag

6. Mohanpur State vs. Attributed flag of Blackbeard

7. Nepal (1856-1930) vs. Empire of Brazil

8. Burma (1943-1945) vs. Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

9. Wiphala of Tupac Katari vs. Mamluk Sultunate (attributed)

10. Islands of Refreshment vs. Imperial State of Iran

11. Union Mark of Norway and Sweden vs. Kingdom of Prussia (1892-1918)

12. Jewish Combat Organization vs. Kingdom of Kandy

13. Kingdom of Manipur (1891–1907) vs. International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces

14. Venice (1922-1977, de facto) vs. International Brigades

15. Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963–1964) vs. State of Muskogee

16. Maine (1901-1909) vs. Taymyr Autonomous Okrug

17. Tibet vs. Dutchy of Brittany

18. Ryukyu Kingdom vs. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

19. Duchy of Milan vs. Republic of Yucatán

20. People’s Republic of Korea vs. Halliste Parish, Estonia

21. Jeju Province (1969–2009) vs. Republic of China (1912–1928)

22. House flag of Nedlloyd vs. Historical Mapuche Flag

23. Kingdom of Ireland vs. Starry Plough Flag

24. Royal standard of the Joseon Dynasty vs. Flag of David IV the Builder

25. Army of the Three Guarantees vs. Raven Banner

26. Iraq (1959–1963) vs. Republic of Formosa

27. Principality of Moldavia vs. Eureka Flag

28. Kingdom of Sikkim vs. Republic of Anguilla

29. Republic of the Rif vs. West Indies Federation

30. Bedford Flag vs. Ethiopian Empire

31. Rägavere Parish, Estonia vs. Unidentified Flag of the Kingdom of Benin

32. Comecon vs. Naval flag of the Duchy of Courland

#polls #flags #vexillology #history #historical flag wars #eyestrain #eye strain

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ask-emilz-de-philz · 1 year

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DID YOU KNOW? THE FRENCH ALMOST BOUGHT BASILAN.

"Believe it or not, the residents of Basilan would be speaking Francais today had the French followed through on their plan to purchase the island in 1844.

Eager to secure the resource-rich island and establish a base near China, the French under Admiral Jean-Baptiste Cecille strong-armed the datus of Basilan into signing an agreement declaring Basilan independent from Spain. He also forced the Sultan of Sulu who held sway over Basilan to accept the payment of 500,000 French francs in exchange for the island.

During this time, both local and foreign personalities opposed this transfer. One datu named Usak continuously harassed French ships. The Spanish lodged a formal protest with the argument that Basilan formed part of the Philippines. The British, on the other hand, sent their warship as a show of support for the Sultan of Sulu.

In the end, it was the French King Louis Philippe who called off the deal which had already been approved by their Parliament. His reason? He didn’t want to hurt his chances of marrying a Spanish princess."

SOURCES: 1. https://filipiknow.net/10-scenarios-changed-philippine.../ 2. https://www.esquiremag.ph/.../basilan-french-colony-a2668... (( mapapa-kwaso ka talaga XDDD ))

#planetputo SEND YOUR ASKS @ ask-emilz-de-philz.tumblr.com If you like our work, please consider supporting us at : ko-fi.com/haimacheir

#planetputo #planet puto #rp min #rp armm

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sebastocrat · 1 year

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His Royal Majesty Ampun Sultan Hadji Muedzul-Lail Tan Kiram, 35th Sultan of Sulu and North Borneo, Grand Sayyid of the Royal Order of the Pearl, Head of the Royal House of Sulu.

#Sultan of Sulu #Royal House of Sulu #philippines #sulu #heraldry #Islamic Heraldry #Filipino Heraldry #Tausug #Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram #Sultanate of Sulu #Hashemite #Kiram #Kiram Dynasty #Indigenous Philippines #sayyid #datu #raja #royalty #traditional ruler

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kazifatagar · 2 years

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Sulu Sultan's heirs target Malaysian assets in the Netherlands

Sulu Sultan’s heirs target Malaysian assets in the Netherlands

The heirs of the Sulu Sultanate that caused so many political ramifications in Malaysia have asked a Dutch court (The Hague Court of Appeal ) for permission to seize Malaysian assets in the Netherlands and they say there is more escalation to come soon. Their lawyer said the move is to seek enforcement of a US$15 billion arbitration award granted to them against Malaysia’s government and is the…

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#netherlands #Sulu Sultanate

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levynite · 1 year

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Fuck if anyone knows who the real heirs are and who are the fakes.

All I know is that the stupid legacy of the Sulu Sultanate had caused real deaths and decades of headaches.

#sulu Sultanate nonsense

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nationsoftheworldtournament · 3 days

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Nations Of The World Retro: 1914

Round One Matches

1. Colombia vs British Honduras

2. Nicaragua vs South Orkney Islands

3. Amoy vs Togoland

4. Italian Somaliland vs Luxembourg

5. Chongqing vs French Indochina

6. Emirate of Afghanistan vs Persia

7. Uruguay vs South Shetland Islands

8. Khiva vs Union Islands

9. Federated Malay Islands vs Réunion

10. Bahama Islands vs New Zealand

11. Ottoman Empire vs Spain

12. Suzhou vs Monaco

13. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland vs Straits Settlements

14. Kingdom of Italy vs French Madagascar

15. Portuguese East Africa vs Panama Canal Territory

16. Saint Barthélemy vs Netherlands

17. Guernsey vs Alaska

18. Bechuanaland vs Barbados

19. Ethiopia vs Curaçao and Dependencies

20. Midway Atoll vs Brunei

21. Saint Martin vs German East Africa

22. Amoy vs Sverdrup Islands

23. Sulu vs Northern Rhodesia

24. Serbia vs Panama

25. German Kiautschou vs Norway

26. British Guiana vs Sikkim

27. Falkland Islands vs Argentina

28. Ha'il vs Mexico

29. French Guiana vs British East Africa

30. Switzerland vs Seychelles

31. Italian Tripolitania vs Quita Sueño Bank

32. Italian Cyrenaica vs American Samoa

33. North Borneo vs Portuguese Guinea

34. Portuguese India vs British Jamaica

35. Portuguese Sao Tomé and Principe vs Kwantung

36. Jiujiang vs Zanzibar

37. Karafuto vs Costa Rica

38. France vs Hawaii

39. Jarvis Island vs British Winward Islands

40. Terengganu vs Surinam

41. British Trinidad and Tobago vs Belgium

42. Newfoundland vs Ubangi-Shari

43. Palmyra Atoll vs Romania

44. Fernando Poo vs Portuguese Macau

45. Sierra Leone vs Wallis and Futuna

46. British Mauritius vs French Tunisia

47. India vs Spanish Sahara

48. Tristan da Cunha vs Navassa Island

49. Siam vs Tientsin

50. Guadaloupe vs Bulgaria 51. Wake Island vs Maldive Islands

52. Johor vs Isla de la Pasión

53. Sarawak vs French Morocco

54. Norfolk Island vs Hankou

55. Swan Islands vs German Empire

56. Johnston Atoll vs Saint Pierre and Miquelon

57. Egypt vs Baker Island

58. Trucial States vs Paraguay

59. Hangzhou vs Isle of Man

60. Victoria Land vs Emirate of Nejd and Hasa

61. French Oceania vs French India

62. Territory of New Guinea vs Mbundaland 63. Spanish North Africa vs Nigeria

64. Uganda vs Phillipine Islands

65. Basutoland vs Tibet

66. Elobey, Annobón, and Corsico vs Nepal

67. San Marino vs Andorra

68. Kongo vs Howland Island

69. Canada vs Muscat and Oman

70. Martinique vs Rhodesia

71. Bolivia vs Russian Empire

72. Ascension Island vs Dutch East Indies

73. China vs Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá

74. Graham Land vs Serranilla Bank

75. French Equatorial Guinea vs Liechtenstein 76. Portuguese West Africa vs Australia

77. Kingdom of Montenegro vs Weihai

78. Honduras vs Papua

79. Perlis vs Haiti

80. Bhutan vs Iceland

81. Middlebrook Island vs Greenland

82. Guam vs Setul Mambang Segara

83. Denmark vs Bahrain

84. Serrana Bank vs Gold Coast

85. Italian Eritrea vs Taiwan

86. French West Africa vs British Hong Kong 87. Gibraltar vs French Algeria

88. United States vs Bermuda

89. Puerto Rico vs Finland

90. Kamerun vs Kelantan

91. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan vs French Somaliland

92. Shanghai vs Suez Canal Zone

93. Shasi vs Sultanate of Aussa

94. Bouvet Island vs Empire of Japan

95. Portuguese Cape Verde vs Zhenjiang

96. Spanish Morocco vs Kingman Reef

97. Venezuela vs Principality of Albania

98. Aden vs Portugal

99. Darfur vs German Samoa

100. Belgian Congo vs Malta

101. Heard Island and McDonald Islands vs Ecuador

102. Swaziland vs Kuwait

103. Bukhara vs Gambia

104. Cuba vs Corn Islands

105. British Somaliland vs German South-West Africa

106. Kedah vs Portuguese Timor

107. Liberia vs New Caledonia

108. Danish West Indies vs Peru

109. Northern Nigeria vs Saint Helena

110. South Africa vs Bajo Nuevo Bank

111. British Leeward Islands vs Roncador Bank 112. Sweden vs British Western Pacific Territories

113. Kingdom of Greece vs Mongolia

114. Brazil vs Chile

115. Austria-Hungary vs British Hong Kong

116. Uryankhay vs Rio Muni vs British Cyprus

#nations of the world tournament #Nations Of The World Retro #Nations Of The World Retro: 1914

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