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certainmiraclefun · 3 years

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IMPORTANCE OF FIRE HOSE SIZE

When arriving on the scene of a fire, emergency crews have to make quick, on-the-spot decisions for approaching the situation. Arguably, one of the most crucial determinations that needs to be made is which hose lines are best suited for the circumstances. Fire severity, type of property, amount of required hose, and suppression tactics are all factors that influence what size and type of hose should be used. Choose correctly; the blaze has a better chance of being contained. Get it wrong; the situation can take a turn for the worse. Two essential hoses operated by firefighters are attack and supply hoses. In this article, the BullDog Hose team highlights why hose size matters when approaching a fire.

Attack Lines

Attack hoses, such as BullDog’s Hi-Combat II®, Firepower II™, Ultima™, and Fireguard™, are designed to tackle fires in their beginning stages and offer flexible approaches to different types of fires. The most common attack line sizes that fire departments deploy are 1.75 inches and 2.5 inches. Both sizes have pros and cons, depending on the situation at hand. Deciding to work with one format over the other can dictate the effectiveness of the initial suppression efforts. Smaller diameter hoses require much higher pressure to move lower volumes of water.

When working with the 1.75-inch hose, it is most useful for taking on residential and vehicle fires. This hose size is much lighter and more maneuverable than the 2.5-inch line. A more compact design makes it easier for firefighters to move the line through hallways, stairwells, and small rooms. Generally, this hose can be operated by two to three firefighters and can deliver water around 140 to 200 gallons per minute (gpm). So this is the desired hose to utilize when suppressing smaller fires. Being relatively easier to manage, 1.75-inch hoses tend to be a ‘catch-all’ when first responding to a fire. If attempting to tackle larger blazes, the 2.5-inch attack hose should be fielded.

A 2.5-inch hose line is the best choice when responding to more significant commercial buildings and exterior fires. With the ability to deliver high volumes of water at 200 to 300 gpm, this hose can take on more of the fire load than the smaller 1.75-inch attack line. The 2.5-inch hose can be more challenging to control in smaller spaces and is commonly handled by three to four firefighters.

Supply Lines

Keeping the attack lines charged and operating at their best efficiency all depends on the supply hoses. These hoses, like BullDog’s Hi-Vol® and Hi-Vol TPU™, can be found in sizes ranging from 3 to 6 inches in diameter. The bigger supply lines move high volumes of water from hydrants and fire engines to the attack lines. With the larger diameter, supply hoses can carry more water at lower pressures. Relocating supply lines can be difficult once the water begins flowing.

Fire fighting is one of the professions that keeps our nation thriving. But, fire departments around America have to select the best hoses every year. Budgets might change and the seasons grow warmer, but safety is of utmost importance. However, not every fire hose works the same due to the fires they have to fight. So, let’s learn about the big differences between municipal and industrial fire hoses.

Municipal Fire Hoses

Municipal Fire Hoses are designed for fire fighting that requires kink resistance and critical water flow. Being lightweight is key, as these hoses often have to deal with shifting terrain and various on-the-job changes. While older and more standard municipal fire hoses are maximized for normal wear and tear, what about the specialty hoses?

There are a variety of municipal fire hoses on the market to solve any problem your fire department or town might be facing. Need hoses to be more cost conscious, solutions are available. What about municipal hoses needed to reach high rise or raised angle structures? There are fire hoses for that as well.

Pumping to high-rise buildings in cities vs. rural settings is also a concern faced by these same municipal fire hoses. Depending on the structures you protect, you will need to consult with your hose supplier to find out which one works the best for you.

Industrial Fire Hoses

Industrial Fire Hoses pack a little more punch than the typical municipal fire hose. They feature far superior heat and abrasion resistance. Plus, they tend to be able to support issues concerning oil, fuel and chemicals far greater than the typical municipal fire hose. The industrial fire hoses tend to be flexible and lightweight as well.

These fire hoses also tend to be optimized to be maintenance free. While that doesn’t mean you won’t have to take care of industrial fire hoses, it means maintenance demands will be fewer. The practical uses of the industrial fire hoses remain the same in theory. You’re going to transfer liquid, washdown areas and generally solve problems.

However, municipal fire fighting hose belong to the typical mental image you have day-to-day fire fighting. Meanwhile, industrial fire hoses are used on air strips, military bases, heavy industrial factories and related business areas.

What kind of fire fighting hose are you going to need?

As time marches on deeper into the year and your budget deadline grows close, you will have to address your fire fighting needs. No one wants to be the person that reaches for a fire hose only not have it be suited for the purpose at hand. Whether you’re outfitting your local rural fire department or keeping an auto plant safe, you must know the differences between municipal and industrial fire hoses.

Is there really a best fire fighting hose?

Well, it depends on the environment and overall purpose. Industrial forestry fire hose can fight all sorts of fires started by various things, but they do this in fixed environments.

Municipal fire hoses save towns money. They also are ready to suction water out of unusual water resources. Then, there is the method of actual dispersing the fire.

A municipal fire hose extinguishes a fire with limited structural damage and loss of life. The industrial fire fighting hose keeps fire from accelerating. Stopping the acceleration means it doesn’t spread to other structures that might combust in a short amount of time. The power in an industrial fire hose will keep a plane from exploding, but it also can punch holes in an unstable wall during a house fire.

In the end, the best fire hose is determined by the purpose and the individual. Keep reading and visiting Bulldog Hose to learn more about the world of fire fighting hose.

Fire hoses are constantly in demand in our ever-changing world. But, if you’re trying to meet a municipal budget, where do you turn? Your friends at BullDog Hose have been helping fire departments around the US and Canada discover their perfect work balance. Finding the needs to meet safety with the durable hoses that would break a fire department’s budget.

Big Hoses that don’t break the bank

When people think of fire hoses, their background changes their opinion of them. Older veteran firefighters remember the thick monstrous hoses of the 1970s that made high-rises difficult to navigate. While most fire houses have gotten rid of those bulky behemoths, what are they doing in 2021?

The answer is simple for many fire fighters and fire departments around the US and Canada. They’re struggling with big hoses from a bygone era that aren’t getting the job done. Couplings are worn or a little off. If that wasn’t enough, the same fire fighters are having to keep up with changing fire fighting standards.

What is the right size hose for fire fighting and attack?

Fire fighting and fire attack have several unique demands. First, they have to be able to be used and save lives. Second, the fire fighting hose costs can’t break the Department’s budget. Finally, they have to be perfectly adapted to fit and attack fires in the most accurate way.

The idea of big fire needs big water is traditionally heard in fire fighting. That has lead to the majority of fire departments purchasing larger hoses ala something with a 2 1/2 inch handline. While this standard was applied for years without any consideration towards fire fighting needs, the National Fire Academy found a formula to help you pick the best hose.

Length x Width / 3 x Rate of Involvement

So, let’s say you have a 25 foot length of hose and the width of a building is 40 feet that is 25% on fire.

25 x 40 = 1,000 square feet

1,000 divided by 3 is 333.3

333 x .25 = 83.25 gallons per minute.

The benefits of knowing the right size suction hose formula

The NFA formula allows fire departments to measure and understand what they need on the fly. While this is helpful for online and in-person shopping, these modern mathematic applications help your Fire Department save money. Times are tough and budgets aren’t what they used to be, but every municipality and bigger city needs fire fighting materials.

BullDog Hose has Fire Hoses for Sale

At BullDog Hose, we have many fire hoses for sale. But, which is best for you? While we’ve discussed the need to keep an eye for the best fit, provided a formula to figure out your needs and guided you in your journey…what’s next?

Examine our Top 5 hoses for Fire Departments

Attack Fire Hoses

Hi-Combat II

Supply Line Fire Hoses

Hi-Vol

General Fire Hoses

While browsing the marine hose for Sale, don’t forget to look at the Fireguards

Fireguards are a very aggressive fire hose meant for interior attack. Too often, we see Fire Departments only concentrating on their immediate needs for external fires. The special weave and flexibility of the Fire Guard aids transport and helps for specialized fire fighting. During the summer, public fire fighting statements have shown that that fireguards can assist with waterside related fire needs.

Don’t forget to check out the fire nozzles. Do you need a fog nozzle or a smoothbore nozzle?

Smoothbore nozzles have an open path from coupling to nozzle tip. If you want to create different kinds of streaming patterns, you’re going to want a fog nozzle. The traditional firefighter will find what they need with a smoothbore nozzle. However, there is an added benefit to having the ability to apply different kinds of pressure depending on what a situation needs.

You have a choice in purchasing municipal fire hose, make sure you pick the best with BullDog Hose.

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twistedtwinsproductions · 4 years

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WOW! Rabid was nominated for Best Independent Film at the National Film Awards in the UK ♥️ Congratulations to the cast & crew who made this possible with their fantastic artistry. Please vote for us!! 🙏 “Congratulations to #Rabid nominated for #BestIndependentFilm at the 6th annual #NationalFilmAwardsUK. Vote now @ nationalfilmawards.org/voting Follow @NATFilmAwards #NFA #NFA2020 #NFTA” https://www.instagram.com/p/B7hFYdHFpLrGfzMqWWdeTU4V2bN9RXO7NdVi0o0/?igshid=1hok3l21kr8dp

#rabid #bestindependentfilm #nationalfilmawardsuk #nfa #nfa2020 #nfta

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dudeinn · 5 years

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2019/10/10

今日は10が揃うタイミング。最近は、ようやく涼しくなって少しずつ過ごしやすくなってきましたね。。

@fraanzzzz @lanersmayo

サンフランシスコのショーで出会った友人がお店に遊びに来てくれました〜。

ショアラインのシェイクダウンで買ってくれた、キャップとタイダイ Tシャツは、それ��見事に着込まれていました笑。

とにかくスマイルなナイスカップル。まさかの日本での再会は、とても良い時間になりました。Domo Arigato！

@__masawave

夏のキャンプを共にしたマサは、好奇心旺盛なヤングデュード。ナイススマイル！

ヤングはもちろん、キッズもおじさんのお店に出入りしています笑。

@ryataro

まるでメイヤーを思わせるイケメンのライアン！ポラロイドでメイクしてくれたライブ写真が最高にクール。嬉しいなあ〜。

@halunami

おじさんのコーヒー＆デザート魂を揺さぶり続ける彼女は、渡した瞬間にボム！

@yamadanow

大切にしてくれているのがわかるのが本当に嬉しい、、。気がつけばショアラインから５ヶ月の月日が流れていました。この時限りのアートワークを見ると思い出します。

@wildlight.glassworks

今でも遊びに来ていただいた方から大好評のステンドグラスアーティスト、コレンにパッチセットが届いた模様。カスタムに使ってくれたら嬉しいな。。

@lotcomedy

リスペクトしてやまないアーティストのこんなポストも最高に嬉しい。ジェリーフェイスが海を渡って旅しているなんて！

DOWN ON THE CORNER 2020 Spring/Summer Exhibition

先週はお江戸にデッドヘッズ先輩 @yackman89 の来シーズンの展示会へ…。

話の中心とヒント？は、やはりグレイトフルデッド。年末に向けて良いミーティングになりました。

日本にも頼りになる先輩がいて本当に心強い限り。今後の先輩との展開に、どうぞご期待ください！！

ヘンプブレンドのオリジナルボディに、先輩ならではのレイアウトが光るアートワーク。素晴らしい完成度にリスペクト！

気の利いた小物の中にいる、気になるあの子をターゲットに、ヘッズならではのセッションがはじまろうとしています。

まさにNFAなグラフィック。ステッカーのようで、実はマグネット仕様というのも先輩ならでは！

Dude Inn / Down on the corner Rugby Jersey《Vintage body,One & Only》

そんな先輩とのジョイントワークのひとつ、プリントカスタム。

当店セレクトのユーズドウェアにプリントしたスペシャルアイテムをぜひチェックしてみてください。

Dude Inn / Down on the corner Hunting Vest Custom《Vintage body,One & Only》

なんならフーディのうえからも羽織れそうな、オーバーサイズのハンティングベスト。

ブラウン/オレンジのナイスなカラーリングに加えて、さりげないプリント具合も最高です。

Dude Inn / Down on the corner Carhartt Duck Vest Custom《Vintage body,One & Only》

オリジナルでは考えられない、プリントによってまるで別モノになったカーハートのワークベスト。これをさらに進化させていくのも楽しみです。

@lazylightningdyes @yackman89

NYの人気タイダイアーティストによる素晴らしいタイダイに、シンプルなカレッジスタイルのテラピンプリント。まさにワン＆オンリーな一着！

@headswillbeheads "LIONS PICKS" VOLUME 1

NYCの

@lions_nyc

が製作した、DVDが到着しました〜。

自身が撮りためた映像は、80s 当時のシェイクダウンの様子など、ヘッズにフォーカスした素晴らしい内容となっています。

既に本国ではSOLDしている、ポスター&Tシャツがセットになったスペシャルパックもご用意しております！！

今回の作品をフェルナンド本人も日本で上映会をしたいらしく、DUDE INも実現に向けて引き続きサポートした��と思います。

奥深い、ウォールアート。

こちらはまさに、ステッカーアート。

オリジナルプリントのマーズホテル。

。。。

DUDE INN　Sticker Pack "6.0"　(3P)

スーベニアステッカーパックを久々にリリースしました。

今回もパッと見ではわかりにくい？マニアックな仕様にこだわりました。

いずれもウォータープルーフ仕様となっておりますので、ボトルなど水に触れるモノにも問題なくボムれます〜。

DUDE INN　"Jerry Face" Ball Hat (2 Color)

個人的に夏から愛用している、通称ボールハット。6パネルによる、まるでキャップのような深さとフィット感があるのが特徴のハット。

今回は大好きなコーデュロイボディを使用。デフォルトで洗いをかけてありますので、すぐに馴染むと思います。。

DUDE INN　"Jerry Face" Crew Neck (Ash)

デュードインの提案する、ベーシックでいて遊び心あるシンプルなクルーネックのスウェットシャツ。

ボックスシルエットによる、ゆったりとした絶妙なサイズ感が特徴。 USメイドによる、へヴィーウェイトな14オンスのボディを使用しています。

※ウォッシュ&ドライにより、はじめから着馴染む仕上がりとなっています。

DUDE INN　"Jerry Face" Pullover Hoodie (Navy)

シンプルなプルオーバータイプのスウェットフーディは、ボックスシルエットによる、ゆったりとした絶妙なサイズ感が特徴。

深いダークネイビーの色合いも秋にぴったりのナイスカラー。

DUDE INN　"Jerry Face" Zip Hoodie (Black)

スケートライクな仕上がりが気に入っている、ブラックボディのジップフーディ。アウター代わりにもなり得る？ヘビーオンスが魅力です。

@mabrock007 @happymountainbar

今月末の週末土曜日は、ひらつかハッピーマウンテンバーでMABROCKによるデッドナイト。デュードインもポップアップストアで参加します！

youtube

今週もマイノリティなブログに最後までお付き合いありがとうございました！

週末の台風が心配ですね。お店の方はひとまず、明日からいつも通りマイペースにオープンします。

お店の方も色々とニギニギしておりますので、ぜひ遊びにいらしてみてください〜。

#DUDE INN #DEADHEADS UNITE #DOWN ON THE CORNER #MABROCK #GRATEFUL DEAD #DEAD AND COMPANY

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jafreitag · 3 years

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Grateful Dead Monthly: Lindley Meadows (Golden Gate Park) – San Francisco, CA 9/28/75

On Sunday, September 28, 1975, the Grateful Dead played a concert at Golden Gate Park’s Lindley Meadows in San Francisco, California.

Lindley Meadows

From the Wiki: “In the 1860s, San Franciscans began to feel the need for a spacious public park similar to [NYC’s] Central Park. Golden Gate Park was carved out of unpromising sand and shore dunes that were known as the Outside Lands, in an unincorporated area west of San Francisco’s then-current borders.” Frederick Law Olmsted was the driver. He was the guy who conceptualized Central Park, and later Jackson and Washington Parks in Chicago, as well as the whole shebang for Chi’s 1893 Columbian Exposition and most of the nearby U of C campus. Olmstead “proposed a plan for a park using native species suited for San Francisco’s dry climate; however, the proposal was rejected in favor of a Central Park-style park needing extensive irrigation.” Nice try, man.

The park got a Commissioner in 1871, and the San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department began overseeing its development. Between then and now, it’s been basically urban green space. Per the Wiki, GGP is roughly the same shape as Central Park, but twenty-percent bigger. It’s bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the West and the Haight on the East. And it’s the third most-visited park in the United States, after Central Park and the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

So Lindley Meadows?

See the oval on the left side of that sat pic? It’s Golden Gate Park Polo Field. Apparently, Lindley Meadows is the green area that sits just above its northeast corner. Guys, I’ve never been to California, much less SF. I’m not a super-traveled person, so some of these venue write-ups seem poser-y. They’re not intended to be. Apologies for the lack of local knowledge, and feel free to add anything like that below the line.

The Dead played exactly four shows in 1975. On 3/25, they played a benefit for San Francisco Students Need Athletics, Culture, and Kicks (SF SNACK) with the Doobies, the Starship, Santana, Dylan & Baez, and Neil Young. The band’s set was comprised of the Blues for Allah material that everybody pretends to dig (but nobody really does). I’m not familiar with that show. On 6/17, they played at Winterland, and the setlist was also BFA-forward. I’m not familiar with that show, either, but, according to the Grateful Dead of the Day blog, it gets attention nowadays. On 8/13, they played at the Great American Music Hall – that’s One from the Vault, and we’ve covered it before. Finally, on 9/28, they played at Lindley Meadows. Single set show, which clocks in at just under two hours. A lot of BFA material, but a lot of well-toured and well-beloved chestnuts, too.

Photo credit: Alvan Meyerowitz

In a 2008 post about this show, the Grateful Dead Listening Guide blog makes two points. First, there’s an absolutely epic audience recording. To wit: “[T]his is one of the audience tapes that historically was said to have been recorded by the band (Phil Lesh in particular) from the stage itself … It is absolutely one of the very best of the best AUDs. But Phil didn’t tape it. Phil didn’t make any tapes.”

GDLB continues, and this is great:

“[B]efore this century [meaning the ’00s], if you weren’t in the most enshrined trading circles, you couldn’t find a complete copy of this AUD to save your life (and the real deal master itself only just went into circulation in May 2008). When you might have run into this recording (I was lucky enough to score 45 minutes of the show on cassette about 12 years ago), there was no way you could accept that it was an AUD at all. Clearly Phil and the band had to have had a hand in making this tape, right? It just sounded WAY too good. And there was the fact that there were a painful amount of right channel dropouts throughout the tape which allowed you to appreciate the quality, but never really left you wanting to listen to the tape again because of the pain involved in those dropouts.

Then the SBD came on the scene, sounding super duper. Someone digitized the AUD (a multi-gen version) and spent the time patching the dropouts with the left channel – palatable now, the AUD was a dizzying drink from the fountain of audience magic. Well friends, that was nothing…

I’m not going to attempt to document the story of taper Bob Menke here on these pages. Let’s just say that BadBob (his own moniker) bleeds the history of Grateful Dead taping and collecting. He’s one of those fellows whose name lands in the inner circle when playing the dart game of Dead tapers. ‘Nuff said. Menke’s story has been one of clouded half truths, misunderstandings, and mystery in the eyes of tape collectors. Over the last number of years, the real Bob Menke has made his way into the digital scene, so a lot of the mystery has faded. But, it sure did fuel the fires that made this particular tape one of such grand story telling. This is one to tell the grandkids about, to be sure.

So Menke recently digitally transferred his master, and the MOTB crew [dunno] finished it off with heroic editing (glad I didn’t face this task). And now we have this AUD for the ages, in its most beautiful glory.

The recording is so good, it makes the AUD vs. SBD debate seem silly. It’s a little unfair, like bringing an NBA all star off the bench at a junior high basketball game. So much so, that it’s fair for a SBD supporter to cry foul – ‘Oh, well, 09/28/75! You can’t talk to me about that show. That’s not fair.’ Regardless, when you want to know what it might have sounded like pressed up against the stage for this hallmark Dead show in the year after they retired (you may never see them again), this is it my friends. Cripplingly good.”

There’s a link to the Menke AUD below, but on to the second point. Apparently, the band was “high” – as in, their performance was chemically enhanced by LSD. Again, GDLG:

“Then there’s the well enough substantiated story that the band was higher than kites for this show. While it has always been very well understood that this band played under the influence of LSD many many many times, there are some shows that come to mind when Deadheads talk about shows where the band was ‘known’ to have been chemically altered for sure: 08/27/72, 05/11/78, and 09/28/75 among them. So, this places an extra special sparkle to re-living the day’s concert when listening.

Also, there is the fact that a baby was born during the show [check banter after Slipknot!], with the band and stage announcers doing their best to help.”

Acid, a baby, and no deaths? It’s like a good time Altamont. Right, Jerry?

GDOTD offers some listening notes:

“It opens with a sharp and focused Help On The Way before heading into a moody Slipknot!, which rages in the latter half. Rather than transitioning into Franklin’s at that point, as they had during the two other times they had paired those songs, the Slipknot! ends, and they launch into a smoking The Music Never Stopped. On that tune, Donna adds lovely backing vocals, as she does throughout the afternoon.”

More GDOTD:

“[A]fter a bit of banter, they finally hit the Franklin’s Tower, playing in mind-meld form throughout with Phil throwing down and the entire band contributing to a seismic jam after the ‘listen to the music play’ line. Then, Bobby announces that they will be playing a cowboy tune, before rolling into Big River, throughout which Keith serves up some incredible fills. After It Must Have Been The Roses, a marvelous Truckin’ takes off and eventually steers into a blistering jam … [T]he boys slow things up just a notch, Phil rains down a series of bombs, and Jerry streaks around before ceding the stage to the drummers. The Drums themselves are transcendent, but the Stronger Than Dirt that follows is face melting. What’s more, the transition into Not Fade Away is rapturous as the drummers drive on the change, but the rest of the guys resist, teasing out the last of the Stronger Than Dirt theme while slowly falling to the inevitable momentum of NFA. And what a Not Fade Away it turns out to be with serious, imaginative jamming all the way through to the Going Down The Road Feeling Bad, which is itself resplendent. Then One More Saturday Night caps the show in rocking, high-energy fashion.”

That’s cool, but there are listening notes, and then there’s our guy. Without further ado, here’s everyone’s favorite. The master of zero disasters, the king of schwing, the 88’s tickler, the Peloton’s boss, the cherry on top, the sun behind that one annoying cloud, the reason that outside cats come back home, the guy who rolled his eyes at all those Dos Equis commercials b/c #beentheredonethat, the Ig influencer behind @31daysofdead, and the better half of this gotdam thing. Man/myth/legend is just a trope until you meet him in person. He’s handsome; he’s erudite. He’s a man beyond description and, in his rare spare time, a member of Jehovah’s favorite choir. He’ll break it down, fo’realize. Ladies and Gentlemen, LN Grateful Deaditor, ECM…

“Hey now, kids! Today we’ve got some ‘Hiatus Dead’ for you. As most of you know, Hiatus Dead refers to that period of time between 10/20/74 (Winterland) and 6/3/76 (Portland, OR) when the Grateful Dead took some time off from touring. During this period, the band played only four shows, all of them in 1975. The show JF and I are featuring in this month’s edition of Grateful Dead Monthly – September 28, 1975 – is the last of those 4 shows and it would be the last show for over 8 months. This show is unique for a lot of other reasons too. First, it was a free show in Lindley Meadows in Golden Gate Park at a time when that kind of thing didn’t happen anymore like it did back in the 60’s. Another thing the band hadn’t done in a long while was play a show while they were tripping. Legend has it that they revisited that part of their past as well on this day. Although this has never been confirmed, it sure makes for a good story and at least seems plausible given the overall strangeness and looseness of the music compared with their very tight performance at the Great American Music Hall just a month prior on August 13th. In addition, unlike most GD shows where the band is virtually mute, here there is a lot of funny and odd stage banter – Bobby’s joke about getting around to all the old favorites that they can remember, the calls for a doctor to attend to the woman in the audience that was going into labor and Phil clarifying for the crowd that Truckin’ is NOT pronounced Truck-ing.

Another factor making this show unique is the weather which was unseasonably chilly for September. With temperatures down in the 50’s, it felt more like November than September which brings us to another unique aspect about this show – the band’s attire. Instead of Bobby wearing his signature Lacoste polo shirt and cutoff shorts, on this day he is wearing a Pendelton jacket with bell-bottoms. And, Garcia is rocking a leather jacket with Puma sneakers(!) While we are talking about attire, let’s also talk about instruments. This was allegedly the debut of Jerry’s new guitar, Travis Bean. It’s the guitar that he would use until 9/28/77 when he started playing his Doug Irwin Wolf again. Keith plays an electric Fender Rhodes the entire show. These two instruments certainly influenced the sound of the band that day.

Which brings us to the MUSIC…

The Grateful Dead played one set which clocked in at approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes. They opened with Help>Slipknot. It’s the third one ever but just the second with lyrics. Jerry botches the last verse. It happens. Slipknot! is the third one but the first not going into Franklin’s Tower. It is played slowly, but deliberately, and they pull off the complex arrangement with flying colors. However, things come to a rather abrupt end when they call a halt because Jerry apparently breaks a string – he is audibly absent in the closing riffs. This is the point when the woman is having a baby too.

Once everything on stage is ironed out and a doctor is located for the woman in labor, the band launches into the Music Never Stopped. It is only the second performance and is a mere 6 minutes. Donna crushes her verse. This early version has only a few bars of the drifty mid-jam section and then charges right into the ending jam which only hints at the potential that it would soon become. Once the song concludes there are more stage announcements. A doctor has been located and now there are pleas for a stretcher.

“Oh, man. That’s weird. A stretcher?”

They Love Each Other is up next – perhaps inspired by the woman having the baby(?). Either way, it’s the first in over 1½ years and the first without the bridge section. This performance has a unique sound and tempo that is played somewhere in between the peppy versions from the 1973-74 era and the slower versions from the 1976 and later era. It is almost reggae-like. Jerry gives it a sensitive reading – sweet and subdued in its expressiveness. Afterwards Phil comes to the microphone to tell the father of the newborn child that his help is needed (Help on the Way?). That’s when Bobby comes to the microphone to assure the fans who are calling out requests that ‘we will get around to all the old favorites that we can remember.’ Cheers and laughter ensue to which Bobby responds, ‘you wouldn’t be laughing if you knew what that meant.’

Bobby cameltoe, ftw.

With the the band launches into a spirited version of one of their oldest songs from their first album – Beat it on Down the Line. Maybe this was a musical message to the father of the newborn baby to get moving and help his wife(?) Weir’s old buddy and bandmate from Kingfish, Mattew Kelly joins on harmonica. His playing is faint, but present, and adds a nice counterpoint to Jerry’s guitar.

The band completes the piece of their musical triptych that is missing due to the equipment and baby interruptions by playing a stand-alone Franklin’s Tower from a cold start. It is the third version ever and it is exquisite. The drums are groovin’ and Jerry’s on fire especially after the ‘if you get confused, listen to the music play’ line. Great call and response at the end. This is the song that made it onto the abbreviated version [featuring one song from every year] of the box-set 30 Trips Around the Sun that appears on Spotify.

There are more calls from the audience for songs – apparently somebody is calling for Truckin’ but Phil does not like the way the fan is pronouncing it. ‘Did I hear someone say TRUCK-ING? That’s not how you say it. You don’t say TRUCK-ING. But anyway, we’re not gonna play that now. We’re gonna play something else.’ Weir then comes to the microphone to announce that ‘Billy would like to make a small point to the fact that we’re playing a cowboy tune.’ That leads into rootin-tootin’ version of Big River which has nice solos from Jerry and Keith.

A letter-perfect reading of It Must Have Been The Roses follows. Jerry’s voice is at its pure, sweet unaffected peak. Excellent vocal harmonies from Jerry and Donna. Keith’s work on the electric piano provides the perfect accompaniment.

Phil returns to his Truck-ING banter which signals that the band is now ready to play it. Weir warns the crowd that he’s not going to remember the words, and he makes good on his promise by not only forgetting most of them, but also forgetting to sing part of the second verse at all. No worries. The jam that follows is fantastic thanks in large part to all the tight material the band had been playing over the past year when they were rehearsing and recording Blues for Allah. There is some heated controversy among fans about the jam that comes out of Truckin’. Some have said that it is The Eleven. In fact, the 30 Trips box set refers to it that way. I don’t hear it but it’s an exciting jam for sure! To me, it sounds more like a King Solomon’s/Stronger Than Dirt groove which is what the band segues into following Drums. This is the fourth and final King Solomon’s. It’s definitely the loosest.There are a few rough spots at first it recovers and maintains a solid groove.

There is a loose transition into Not Fade Away. The lead in is funky and rockin.’ Garcia peels off a slide-flavored, acid-drenched solo which is the start of a long, spacey transition to GDTRFB which is also funky with some amazing energy. Saturday Night caps the show in rocking, high-energy fashion. a hoarse-sounding Phil bids the audience farewell, ‘Let’s have another party like this again sometime.’ And with that, the band slipped back into hibernation mode and would not perform again for another eight months.”

As Ed mentioned, this show is part of the massive 30 Trips Around the Sun box set.

And it’s still on the Live Music Archive. Transport to the soundboard recording HERE, a matrix recording HERE, and Menke’s audience recording HERE. According to Menke,

“It was an overcast day and we got there early. About 8:30 in the morning. That is how we ended up about 10-15 feet from the stage. The mics were mounted on broom sticks (handheld) and they were split about 20 feet apart. The upfront vocals I believe are the product of a small (relative to PA speakers) speaker on the floor of the stage next to the right PA column. The vocals seem to be blasting from that speaker. Another very intersting point is the fact that the Jefferson Starship opened and their sound from the same PA absolutely sucked. Nothing approaching the clarity and sound quality the Dead got from the same system.”

There you go.

More soon.

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flow-control-shop · 3 years

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💣Ruelo NFA Crew🚧 @ruelooo Svoje fotky a videá posielajte na [email protected], mapujeme SK graffiti scénu. #flowcontrolgraffitishop #slovakiagraffitiscene #graffitiartwolrdwide #flowcontrolshopsupportsgraffiti #graffitiartist #graffitiart #graffitiporn #graffitipiece #graffitican #sprayart #spraycan #streetart #urbanart #europegraffiti #wallart #muralart #grafcomjam #ozletters https://www.instagram.com/p/CIDDg0SJLtC/?igshid=de9caax7hn8k

#flowcontrolgraffitishop #slovakiagraffitiscene #graffitiartwolrdwide #flowcontrolshopsupportsgraffiti #graffitiartist #graffitiart #graffitiporn #graffitipiece #graffitican #sprayart #spraycan #streetart #urbanart #europegraffiti #wallart #muralart #grafcomjam #ozletters

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eddinethjoellymonroyfoundation · 4 years

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EJM Foundation’s Second Scholarship Recipient (2020)

On June 18th, 2020 we had the privilege to announce our second annual scholarship to a graduating Latina senior from Newburgh Free Academy (NFA, Newburgh, NY) who demonstrates the core qualities of my late sister Eddineth.

Last night’s award ceremony was different due to the Covid19 pandemic, but the celebration was just as exciting.

This year’s winner: Diana Salazar from New Windsor, NY!

She will be attending Marist College (Poughkeepsie, NY) and studying business to help uplift her community for greater access to a quality of life. Diana has worked a part time job during school, member of the NFA Crew Team, & graduates top 1% of her class.

Our alumni class is growing and I know my sister is proud to be apart of this initiative we started.

Did you know latinas are the LEAST represented demographic in higher learning in the U.S.?

Fun fact: Latinas are the fastest growing demographic starting a business in the U.S.

#NFA #Newburgh #Latinx #Latina #RedFox #HudsonValley #KnowYourWorth #LoveForLo

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heavygyroscope · 2 years

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Birmingham 2019

#Graffiti #Birmingham Graffiti #Graff #Birmingham Graff #birminghamgraffiti #birminghamgraff #Urban Art #Street Art #NFA Crew

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sunnydaleherald · 4 years

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The Sunnydale Herald Newsletter - Sunday, July 12th

Willow: 'The Tomato: Fruit or Vegetable'? Cordelia: I wanted to do something I could finish in a weekend, alright?

~~Some Assembly Required~~

[Drabbles & Short Fiction]

Life After Oz (Faith/Willow, E) by katie_delaney

Absolutes (Buffy/Giles, M) by froxyn

One Hundred Days to Run (Faith/Buffy, T) by for_t2

The Persistence of Grief (Giles & Willow, T) by Aaronlisa

A Little Help From My Friends (Miraculous Ladybug crossover, Buffy & Willow, G) by Cynder2013

Podfic: Shiver, Whisper, Cringe by pprfaith (HP crossover, Buffy/Harry/Luna, T) recorded by reena_jenkins

[Chaptered Fiction]

More Grimm Tales Chapter 6 (Buffy/Spike, NR) by wolf_shadoe

Far From Home Chapter 30 (Buffy/Angel, M) by aboutafox

Seeing The Glass Half Full Chapter 16 (Captain America crossover, Buffy/Steve, M) by Jessss2016

The Scoobies in a Marvel World Chapter 17 (Marvel crossover, Buffy, G) by Buffyworldbuilder (lateVMlover)

Buffy's New Challenge Chapter 2 (Avengers crossover, Buffy, G) by Buffyworldbuilder (lateVMlover)

League of Shadows Chapter 31 (Multiple crossovers, Faith/Bruce and Buffy/Spike, E) by Peanutbuttertoast

Justice For Spike Chapter 2 (Buffy/Spike, M) by Ajmilone

The Only Good Vampire Chapter 33 (Spike/Angel, M) by Evilida

Princess Buffy's Choice Chapter 3 (Buffy/Spike and Buffy/Angelus, T) by Zarryspolo

A (Mostly) Comprehensive Guide to the End of the World Chapter 2 (Buffy/Spike and Faith/Wesley, M) by MyAnnabell_Lee

Vampires in Riverdale Chapter 3 (Riverdale crossover, Buffy/Betty, E) by BuffyAndBetty

Pictures of You Chapter 37 (Buffy/Spike, T) by kats_meow

Deception Chapter 2 (Drusilla/Angel, E) by Thisbe1304

The Devil In Disguise Chapters 5 & 6 (Dexter crossover, M) by frogfarm

Exquisite Curiosities: Part 2 Chapter 6 (Buffy/Spike, NC17) by yellowb, sandy_s, EllieRose101, DarkVoid116, SzmattyCat, IceBlueRose, Fancyflautist, kats_meow

Sweeter El Paso, Texas Chapter 1 (Buffy/Spike, R) by rkm

Small Hours Chapter 9 (Buffy/Spike, R) by Niamh

Do Not Read This Journal - Musings of a Vampire on Life, Love and (Un) Living on a Hellmouth Chapters 19-28 (Buffy/Spike, NC17) by IvoryPetals

I Wanna Be Sedated Chapter 3 (Buffy/Spike, PG) by talesofstories

More Than A Crush Chapter 16 (Buffy/Spike, R) by all_choseny

More Grimm Tails Chapter 27 (Buffy/Spike, NC17) by Twinkles

Moments that Make You: The Hero and The Princess Part 26 (Cordelia/Doyle, K+) by myheadsgonenumb

Spike's Childe Chapter 1 (Spike & OC, T) by pizzafan123

What You Do Afterwards: Season Five Complete (Ensemble, T) by myheadsgonenumb

Seeing the Glass Half Full Chapter 16 (Marvel crossover, Buffy, FR18) by RogueAngel

The Unearthly Child Chapter (Multiple crossovers, Xander, FR21) by TheTrueBard

[Images, Audio & Video]

Artwork: Yet another dramatic vampire (Spike) by eldriitchbones

spike & buffy's love story by beowyrt

[Reviews & Recaps]

TED (S2:E11) by Slow to the Show

Ranking the Buffy seasons by LilyyZara

Buffy Rewatch: The Trial of Xander. Week 10 (s03e05-s03e08) by tjareth

[Recs]

More Links Than A Bag Of Sausages by petzipellepingo

[Community Announcements]

Looking for a post-NFA fic by noelle2305

[UK] Looking to sell Buffy Season 8, Library Editions, 1-4, Season 9, Library Edition, 1-2, Angel & Faith, library Edition 1&2 by Hiryn

First week 2020 Round-up at Summer of Giles

[Fandom Discussions]

Why was Willow so mean to Anya? by Benz

Help w/ episode Gunn collecting hearts by Bones

Riley a yay or nay by Franky-Sin

What’s The Worst Monster?! by LemonBanana

Sunnydale police suck (S6 E20) by rebelee_69

New watcher: Thoughts on Ted by ashwurq

Correct me if I’m wrong by how-far-weve-come

I just notice on my most recent rewatch that it’s not Buffy at the end of the intro by sineadya

Rewatching for like the 60th time by how-far-weve-come

Even though the crew didn't plan Willow being addicted to the magics until the sixth season by jdpm1991

Riley...respect by AstridDante

Has anybody else notice that one time Buffy wore this hat in s4? by snak3eat3r2017

In "Faith, Hope, Trick" Joyce had mentioned to Buffy that Faith could take over for her by jdpm1991

Even if Buffy *had* been in a hell dimension by metamorpheuse

Spike and Joyce Moments by Difficult_Place

Rewatch of I will remember you by Monaphoenix

What's your favourite/most hated thing that happens in the comics? by lecherizada

Richard Wilkins III is the mid-pandemic leader we all need by idplma8888

Just finished season one for the first time by R1el

I wonder if Buffy is still in that asylum by forbiddencorvidae

Whirlwind Romance - Headcanons by prose-for-hire

it’s pretty iconic of them to just skip the origin story by storybook-souls

how many fakeouts season two does about who the big bad is going to be by impalementation

#buffy the vampire slayer #btvs #ats

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breakingnewsalert1 · 5 years

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Red Dawn at 35: The Guns of the Great American Classic

youtube

Opening 35 years ago this week, the film Red Dawn brought World War III to a small American town and the town fought back. Written and directed by noted Hollywood gun guy John Milius — legend has it that 1911-toting bowling purist Walter Sobchak in The Big Lebowski was partially based on him — the motion picture’s opening act involves Soviet paratroopers dropping on an American high school unannounced, looking to turn the Cold War hot. Within the first 10 minutes of the film, teens who managed to give said Russki sky soldiers the slip begin to reach for the glove compartments and gun racks as signs mount that the invasion is on.

(Caution, big-time spoilers below if you have never seen the film, but then again it has been out for 35 years, so just what are you waiting for?)

M1911A1

Two World Wars…make it a third (Photo: Richard Taylor/Guns.com)

Other than the invaders’ guns put into action as soon as their chutes collapsed — which are a mix of CZ75 and Tokarev TT-33 pistols and Egyptian Maadi ARMs and Finnish Valmet M78s made up to look like Soviet AKs and RPKs — the first American iron firing back is an M1911A1 GI pried from the literal “cold dead hands” of an armed citizen downtown who played the “Not today, comrade,” card when it came to reeducation camp residency. As the venerable longslide made the first two world wars, it is fitting that it showed up in the opening act of the third.

Colt Single Action

You wouldn’t think the Colt Single Action Army would see so much use against Soviets and their Latin American commie allies, but it does (Photo: Colt)

Former high school football standout Jed Eckert (Patrick Swayze), upon grabbing his little brother and assorted soon-to-be-partisan friends from the Soviet drop zone in his sweet Chevy step side, stops off at a gas station/market just outside of town. There, the crew empties friendly shop owner Mr. Morris’s displays of hunting guns and ammo — something increasingly rare in gas stations today. Then, as youth are pulling stumps for the mountains with Mr. Morris cautioning them to not come back, Jed asks his little brother to fetch a vintage Colt 1873 from the truck’s glove box and check to make sure that it is loaded.

“It’s already loaded,” says Matt Eckert (Charlie Sheen).

Oh, you knew it was.

According to IMFDB, aforementioned film-used Colt belonged to Milius himself and in the movie, it is featured prominently, getting more screen time than some of the top-billed actors. Jed, getting “pretty lean on feelings,” even uses it in the film’s final climactic big boss-style showdown, to evict Soviet partisan hunter, Col. Strelnikov, from his meat suit.

Smith & Wesson K-frame Model 15

Fill your hands with a S&W Model 15 K38, the next best thing for when your F-15 is on the fritz

Dropping in with shot down US Air Force Lt. Col. Andrew “Andy” Tanner (Powers Boothe) is a classic blued Smith & Wesson K-frame, specifically a .38 special Model 15. An upgrade to Smith’s Model 10 M&P series of swing-out cylinder medium-framed revolvers, the wheel gun was a staple of the USAF as a bailout gun for pilots and Security Police — and is only now being totally replaced in service by the Sig M18.

Despite access to plenty of captured Warsaw Pact gear, Tanner still carries the big Smith in a raid on a Soviet airstrip although he later picks up a 1911. Why not a Makarov? Because nobody wants that Russki stuff in 1984, that’s why.

Remington 870 Wingmaster

The Remington 870 Wingmaster: for those who ask why they should be different.

Among the extensive collection of common sporting guns borrowed by the crew from Mr. Morris in the opening scenes — a Ruger M77, Winchester pump, and Marlin 336 .30-.30 lever action all make an appearance — a Remington 870 Wingmaster is present and gets a non-NFA-compliant trim to make it handier. Hard to submit Form 1s from behind the lines in Soviet-occupied Colorado. The gun comes in handy when young Robert Morris (C. Thomas Howell) springs from a spider hole to zap a pretty rapey Soviet tank crew who were caught in a feint trap.

Honorable mentions

While not as central to the plot, other great guns make cameos such as the FN FAL, M16, and Ruger Mini-14. Of note, Strelnikov even carries a super cool Finnish-made Jatimatic SMG, a gun that had only debuted a year or two before the film was made and a very unlikely choice for a Soviet super-soldier rocking his babushka’s sunglasses.

Besides the cloned AKs and RPKs, lots of other clones appear in the film including an M60 machine gun, mocked up to look like a Soviet DShK HMG and a wild array of aircraft and vehicles that look closer to something from a Mad Max film than actual Warsaw Pact armor. While today it would be a snap to buy a whole platoon of working T-55 tanks and even a few actual MiGs, such hardware was tough to come by in 1984 during the most frigid part of the Cold War.

Either way, remember the days when John had a long mustache next time you visit Partisan Rock and don’t ever mention that “other” Red Dawn movie again.

(Photo: Chris Eger/Guns.com)

The post Red Dawn at 35: The Guns of the Great American Classic appeared first on Guns.com.

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juniperpublishers-etoaj · 5 years

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Juniper Publishers - Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology

Minimum Equipment List as a Mechanism of Motion in MIRCE Mechanics

Authored by : Knezevic J

Abstract

To avoid the loss of consumer trust, revenue or capability any disruption to a system's functionality is unacceptable to the providers, on one hand and also to their receivers, on the other. Consequently, every effort must be made to ensure the continuity of the provision of the system's functionality through calendar time. One of the methods used to minimise disruption to operational capability, especially in the aviation industry, was the creation of the Minimum Equipment List (MEL). This list identifies the equipment/components present into system that are not necessary to be operational for the safe provision of the functionality of the system, in accordance with the prescribed operational and maintenance restrictions, and approved by the regulatory authorities. Consequently, the main objective of this paper is to present the concept of the MEL as one of the potential mechanisms to be used outside aviation community to further influences the motion of a functionable system type through MIRCE Space and potentially enhance its functionability performance as perceived by MIRCE Science.

Keywords: Electron; Positive functionability action; Positive functionability state; Negative functionability state; Mechanism

Abbreviations: PFS: Positive Functionability Action; NFS: Negative Functionability State; PFA: Positive Functionability Action; NFA: Negative Functionability Action; PFE: Positive Functionability Event; NFE: Negative Functionability Event

Introduction

"Motion does not mean travel of the ball-type electron along some orbit around the nucleus. Motion is the change in the state of the system “atom” in time.” Werner Heisenberg

To facilitate the flow of functionality through calendar time provided by the functionable system types MIRCE Science is focused on the scientific understanding and description of the physical phenomena and human rules that govern their in-service behaviour. According to Knezevic [1], functionable system type is “a set of mutually related components uniquely put together to perform at least one measurable function and a set of functionability rules that govern its Functionability performance.”

In MIRCE Science, at any instant of calendar time a given functionable system type could be in one of the following two states:

1. Positive Functionability State (PFS), a generic name for a state in which a functionable system type is able to deliver the expected measurable function(s),

2. Negative Functionability State (NFS), a generic name for a state in which a functionable system type is unable to deliver the expected measurable function(s), resulting from any reason whatsoever

The motion of a functionable system type through the Functionability states, in the direction of calendar time, is generated by Functionability actions, which are classified as:

1. Positive Functionability Action (PFA), a generic name for any natural process or human activity that compels a system to move to a PFS.

2. Negative Functionability Action (NFA), a generic name for any natural process or human activity that compels a system to move to a NFS.

The motion of a functionable system type through the functionability states is manifested through the occurrences of Functionability events, which are classified as:

1. Positive Functionability Event (PFE), a generic name for any physically observable occurrence in time that signifies the transition of a functionable system type from a NFS to a PFS.

2. Negative Functionability Event (NFE), a generic name for any physically observable occurrence in time that signifies the transition of a functionable system type from a PFS to a NFS.

Transition of a functionable system type from PFS to NFS and loss of functionality is undesirable in private sector due to loss of revenue and to public sector due to loss of benefits. For example, in airline business loss of service is unacceptable due to negative consequences of the following types: [2].

1. Loss of income generated by transporting passengers and cargo

2. Poor customer relationships

3. Increased demand for support resources (spares, tools, equipment, etc).

4. Increased numbers of maintenance facilities, including skills and training of personnel required to deal with the consequences of cancellations.

5. Costs arising from re-routes, aircraft substitution, passenger handling (hotels, buses, meal vouchers).

Cancelled flights generate the cost to the customer too, due to disrupted plans, missed business appointments, lost time and poetical consequences to the cargo due to late shipments.

Generally speaking, all affords must be made to enable passengers and cargo to go to their destinations on time, in safe manner Legendary Chief Mechanic on Boeing 777, Jack Hessburg, has immortalised this sentiment by saying, "All I want to do is to go to Cleveland on time and never crash” [1].

Consequently, the main objective of this paper is to present the concept of the MEL as one of the potential mechanisms to be used outside aviation community to further influences the motion of a functionable system type through MIRCE Space and potentially enhance its functionability performance as perceived by MIRCE Science [1].

Minimum Equipment List in Commercial Aviation

According to Hessburg [2], the structure and approval of the early Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) lists were principally in the hands of the individual CAA Air Carrier Inspectors. Technical evaluation of items for inclusion into a list was based upon the individual inspector's knowledge, competence, and subjective analysis of a specific aircraft type. The result was that the MEL for operator “A” and that operator “B” (both using the same model aircraft) were frequently different; one airline's inspector being very conservative and disallowing all but the simplest of equipment to be inoperative, the other being far more liberal. Individual operators would claim favouritism when one discovered that their competitor had a less restrictive MEL.

This lack of objective analysis and standardisation of MEL resulted in the institutionalisation of the process by the mid- 1960s. The FAA adopted centralised control and publication of separate Master Minimum Equipment Lists (MMEL) for each large aircraft type.

Present regulations continue to recognise the original MEL concept. FARs 125, and 135 operators were included in the concept by the late 1970s. In 1991, single engine operations under FAR 135 were added to the concept. Lastly, FAR Part 91 operations are also now covered [3].

It is necessary to stress that nothing in this concept disallows the authority of the pilot-in-command. The pilot may, at his or her discretion, require that any item covered by the MEL be repaired before flight.

Operations with certain items of equipment inoperative are not considered an abrogation of the aircraft Type Certificate. When operating under Parts 121, 125 or 135, an approved Minimum Equipment List is recognised as an approved change to the type design. Therefore, the altered status of the aircraft under the MEL remains an acceptable certified configuration. Consequently, adoption of an MEL item does not require recertification of the type design [3].

Operating with an approved MEL and a letter of authorisation under FAR Part 91 constitutes a Supplemental Type Certificate for the aircraft. As such, an MEL approved under Part 91 is issued against a specific aircraft(s) i.e. aircraft serials number(s). The aircraft(s) will be listed on the cover sheet of the approved MEL.

Is necessary to stress a mechanic or inspector is not in violation of the FAR for releasing an aircraft as airworthy when certain items are inoperative under an approved MEL. Because an air carrier airworthiness release requires certification that the work performed is in accordance with the certificate holder's manual. Because an approved MEL is a part of the certificate holder's manual, a mechanic is relieved of responsibility for the inoperative status of MEL items. The actions taken under the requirements of an approved MEL would “clear” the discrepancy from the aircraft maintenance record and would consequently revalidate the maintenance release.

A mechanic is not responsible for any contingent maintenance required by the MEL for any previously deferred items unless additional or repetitive maintenance is required. An aircraft maintained under FAR Part 91 is returned to service under the provisions of FAR 43.5 and is unaffected by this dilemma as an approved MEL under Part 91 is considered a supplemental type certificate.

Creation of the Master Minimum Equipment List

During the initial design of an aircraft the development of Master Minimum Equipment List, MMEL, begins. For new designs, the manufacturer submits a preliminary list of items to be considered by the relevant aviation authorities. Aircraft operators, interested public (safety organisations, foreign regulatory agencies, union representatives, and the like), use this list to develop the master. The final MMEL is released, after approval by designated authority.

Once adopted, an MMEL is periodically revised. These revisions arise from individual operators petitioning the relevant authorities for additions, deletions, or clarification of items. These changes continue throughout the useful life of the aircraft type. There is no set schedule for the revisions; they take place on an as needed basis. Early in an aircraft model's life, meetings might be held yearly, whereas later in its life, the meetings can be several years apart.

MMEL is for Aircraft not Airline

The MMEL is a generic list for a given aircraft type. Thus, items are included in the master that may not be installed in a given airline's fleet. There is no system for tracking recording, crew notification and clearing of a deferred item contained in the list. The list also contains time limits on how long a given item may be deferred. It identifies requirements for placarding the cockpit. It requires which items must have maintenance and flight operations procedures or limits.

Each airline must prepare its own MEL using the master as the source. Operators are responsible for exercising the necessary control to insure that an acceptable level of safety is maintained. This includes a repair program embracing the parts, personnel, facilities, procedures, and schedules to insure timely clearance of deferred items.

An individual airline's MEL may be more restrictive but not less than the Master Minimum Equipment List. They may include, with appropriate conditions and limitations, items not contained in the master list such as equipment not required for a given flight operation; that which is more than required by the FAR; and equipment that, for internal administrative control reasons to the operator, is best placed within the context of his MEL

Deferring Process under MEL

The specific process for deferring at any given airline will differ. However, once it has been determined that an item is deferrable, a decision is made to defer or fix. This normally involves, at the minimum, station maintenance personnel and the pilot-in-command. However, in many instances, flight dispatch, maintenance engineering and a quality control organisation will be party to the decision. Some airlines designate in the body of their MEL, specific individuals or organisations with deferral authority for each item listed.

Station maintenance personnel have several responsibilities that include properly securing the deferred item, logging item correctly in required documents, notifying specific individuals and organisations to ensure that the necessary bookkeeping will take place, thus insuring that the item is properly tracked and scheduled for later repair within allowable time limits.

Dispatch and/or the pilot-in command shall, as appropriate observe any special limitations or modified operating procedures attendant to the deferred item and notify other operations organisations and down line stations that are affected by the deferral.

Maintenance control or other appropriate organisation charged with tracking deferred items and scheduling will take appropriate action to clear the item from the deferred log within the allowed time for deferral.

An Example of Minimum Equipment List

To illustrate the concept and a practical application of MEL the vacuum pump of Piper SeminolePA-44-180 is addressed, for no particular reason. It is a four seat light twin aircraft, which has been in-service since 1978. It is at twin engine development of PA-28 Archer aircraft with new T-tail and semi-tapered wings. Production ceased in 1981, restarted in 1988 and ceased once more in 1990.

Main technical and functionality characteristics of this aircraft are as following:

1. Power plants: Two 135kW (180hp) Lycoming 0-360- E1AD flat four piston engines driving two or optionally three blade constant speed Hartzell propellers.

2. Performance: Max speed 311km/h (168kt), max cruising speed 309km/h (167kt), long range cruising speed 280km/h (151kt). Initial rate of climb 1200ft/min. Service ceiling 17,100ft. Range with reserves 1630km (880nm). Weights: Empty 1070kg (2360lb), max takeoff 1723kg (3800lb).

3. Dimensions: Wing span 11.77m (38ft 8in), length 8.41m (27ft 7in), height 2.59m (8ft 6in). Wing area 17.1m2 (183.8sq ft).

4. Production: Total Seminole production through to end 2004 amounted to 672, including 86 Turbo Seminoles.

The Piper PA-44 Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) for Part 91 operations lists all items of installed equipment that are permitted to be inoperative. The MMEL states, in part, that “it is incumbent on the operator to endeavour to determine if Operations and/or Maintenance] procedures for that equipment must be developed.

The MMEL is intended to permit operations with inoperative items of equipment for the minimum period of time necessary until repairs can be accomplished. It is important that repairs be accomplished at the earliest opportunity in order to return the aircraft to its design level of safety and reliability. Operators are responsible for exercising the necessary operational control to ensure that an acceptable level of safety is maintained” [4].

According to Section 37 “Vacuum/Pressure,” sequence title "1. Vacuum Pump” states “two vacuum pumps are installed and one is required for dispatch. It further provided, under the “Remarks or Exceptions,” that “One may be inoperative for day VFR flights”.

The PA-44 Scheduled Maintenance Manual includes a checklist to be utilised for inspections every 50 and/or 100 hr. Subsection B.36 states “Inspect and operationally test vacuum pumps and lines.” It further requires that the vacuum pump installed on each engine is inspected every 100 hr. Note 7 further states "Replace or overhaul, as required, or at engine overhaul”

The Pilot's Operating Handbook states in Section 7.19. “The vacuum system operates the air-driven gyro instruments. The vacuum system consists of a vacuum pump on each engine, plus plumbing and regulating equipment. A shear drive protects the engine from damage. If the drive shears, the gyros will become inoperative. The vacuum gauge mounted on the right instrument panel to the right of the radios provides valuable information to the pilot about the operation of the vacuum system (A low vacuum indicator light is provided in the annunciator panel). In the event of any gauge variation from the norm, the pilot should have a mechanic check the system to prevent possible damage to the system components or eventual failure of the system. A vacuum regulator is provided in the system to protect the gyros. The valve is set so the normal vacuum reads 4.8 to 5.2 in. of mercury” [4].

Should suction drop below 4.5 in. Hg, pilots are cautioned to increase rpm to 2,700, descend to maintain 4.5 in. and use the electric turn indicator to monitor directional indicator and attitude indicator performance.

Impact of Minimum Equipment List on Functionability Performance

"We did not buy the airplane to make a roost for pigeons on the vertical fin, fouling the logo. So equipment availability is a fundamental tenant which we forget about”

Bob Six, CEO Continental Airlines According to the philosophy of MIRCE Science the main objective of existence of any functional system is to do a work during the calendar time. [1] To differentiate the concept of work in physics and in MIRCE Science, the author has named the latter as a functionability work. Hence, functionability work is considered done when a system delivers a measurable function over an interval of time, in a similar way that classical physics considers work done when an external force displaces an object over a distance.

Consequently, in MIRCE Science functionability work is classified as [

1. Positive Functionability Work (PFW): a generic name for the physically measurable performance of a functionable system type proportional to the duration of the calendar time during which the expected function(s) are performed, measured in hours [Hr].

2. Negative Functionability Work (NFW): a generic name for the physically measurable performance of a functionable system type proportional to the duration of the calendar time during which required positive functionability actions are performed, measured in hours [Hr].

Although the concept of functionability work is the main measure of functionability performance, it is necessary to take into account the physical resources related to the execution of functionability works, like material, personnel, spares, tools, equipment, facilities and energy and similar must be taken into account. As all of them have individual monetary values, in MIRCE Science, they are brought together under the single umbrella of functionability cost, and it is classified into following two types [1]:

1. Cost of Positive Work (CPW): a generic name for the physically measurable performance of a functionable system type determined by the monetary value of all the resources related to the delivery of positive functionability work, like operational personnel, consumable material, equipment, facilities, energy and similar. Generally speaking, it encompasses all the costs related to delivery of the positive functionability work by the functionable system type during a given interval of calendar time T, denoted as CPW (T). It is equal to the sum of the following cost elements: [1]:

Where: CPWset is the Set up Cost, CPWfix (T) is the Fixed Cost and): a CPWvar is the Variable Cost of delivering positive work.

2. Cost of Negative Work (CNW): a generic name for the physically measurable performance of a functionable system type determined by the monetary value of all the resources used by a functionable system type to perform the negative functionability work, like spare parts, qualified personnel, material, equipment, facilities, energy and similar. Thus, it encompassed all the costs related to performing the negative functionability work, performed on the functionable system type during a given interval of calendar time T, denoted as CNW (T), is equal to the following sum [1].

Where: CPWset is the Set up Cost, CPWfix (T) is the Fixed Cost and): a CPWvar is the Variable Cost of delivering positive work.

The delivery of positive and negative function ability work through time uniquely determines the positive and negative function ability costs that correspond to the motion of a function able system type through the function ability states. As this motion is in the direction of calendar time, it means that the magnitudes of the positive and negative function ability costs are non-decreasing measurable characteristics of the function able system types, and as such they are "legitimate” measures of their overall function ability performance [1].

Cost of Lost Revenue

The main business of any business is staying in business. For that to happen it is essential to generate a profit, which is commonly accepted as the difference between the revenue generated and the costs incurred to generate the revenue. Generally speaking, the revenue generated by each functionable system type during a given interval of calendar time, denoted as REV (T), could be calculated as the product of the hourly income, denoted as HI, expressed in [MU/Hr] and the amount of the positive functionability work done by the system during the stated interval of calendar time, PFW (T) expressed in [Hr], thus [1]:

Financially minded analysts totally ignore the non-generated cost while the functionable system type is in the NFS during a given interval of calendar time. However, MIRCE Science this cost category has been analysed and named the Cost of Lost Revenue, CLR (T) [1]. This cost category could be even higher than that of revenue generated due to the potential consequences of the occurrences of NFEs to the business and environment.

In MIRCE Science a profit, PRF (T), is equal to the difference between the revenue, REV (T) and the Total Function ability Cost, during the stated period of calendar time, TFC(T), thus [1]:

The MIRCE Profitability Equation is the only one, known to the author, which unifies all aspects of the function ability performance of a functionable system type including the cost of lost revenue, which, in reality, is an in-separable element of the expected profit. This equation enables more accurate predictions of the expected profit to be made for each operational scenario, maintenance policy and support strategy, including the “length of MEL”. Also, this equation “integrates” the decision makers of functional systems types and the decision makers of corresponding functionable system types into a single “normalised” analytical entity, rather than, as currently considered, two competing parties searching self set targets in isolation.

Conclusion

To avoid the loss of consumer trust, revenue or capability any disruption to a system's functionality is unacceptable to the providers, on one hand and also to their receivers, on the other. Consequently, every effort must be made to ensure the This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License continuity of the provision of the system's functionality through calendar time. One of the methods used to minimise disruption to operational capability, especially in the aviation industry, was the creation of the Minimum Equipment List (MEL).

A minimum equipment list (MEL) is a list which provides for the operation of aircraft, subject to specified conditions, with particular equipment inoperative (which is) prepared by an operator in conformity with, or more restrictive than, the Master Minimum Equipment List, established for the aircraft type. (ICAO Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft)

The MMEL is a list established for a particular function able system type by the organization responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design which identifies items which individually may be unserviceable at the commencement of a flight. The MMEL may be associated with special operating conditions and rules.

The impact of introducing the MEL for any aircraft type could be quantified through the functionability performance measures, namely function ability work and function ability cost, positive and negative, which are fully defined by the function ability equations of MIRCE Science.

In summary, this paper has shown that the MEL as one of the potential mechanisms to influence the motion of a function able system type through MIRCE Space and as such it can enhance its functionability performance as understood through the application of MIRCE Science [1].

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Engineering Technology please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/etoaj/index.php

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cruxsuppressors · 7 years

Photo

#Repost @arsenal_democracy (@get_repost) ・・・ BRCC crew range day with the AD-16 #AD #BRCC #AD16 #556 #hotlogan #magpul #railscales #aimpoint #cruxsuppressors #igmilitia #gunlife #gunpics #2a #defendthe2nd #gunsofinstagram #thepewpewlife #guns #ar15 #shootsuppressed #adm #blackrifle #suppressors #silencers #killallsound #weaponfanatics #nfafanatics #nfa #ar15news #manlyshit (at Houston, Texas)

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dudeinn · 4 years

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2019/11/14

朝晩の肌寒さはあるものの、晴れれば最高の秋晴れを感じられる今日この頃。

僕たちにとっては一周年まであと１ヶ月。果たして何が出来るかな、、。

@yackman89 @dudeinn

DUDE INN meets DOWN ON THE CORNER Silk Screen Print Session 4.0

先週末は、Yack先輩をお迎えしてのシルクスクリーンセッションを開催しました。

そこで生まれていたグルーヴは、まさに"楽しむことだ"という共有感。

最高の一日に感謝です！！！

まるでデッドのように立ち上がりは静かにスタート。しかしながら、徐々にチューニングを合わせていく感じ。。

イメージしていたというカラーリングが絶妙な仕上がりのトレンチ。プリントがあるだけで、まるで別モノ。

セッションは飛び入り参加の方も大勢いらっしゃいました。ハーレーラバーのDUDEもサムズアップ！

回を追うごとにリクエストもエスカレート。皆さんのイメージやアイデアは見ていて本当に楽しい！

先輩とのコラボレーションしたジェリーロゴをプリント出来るのは、このセッションのみ！？

個人的に目を惹いた、ヴィンテージボディとのハイブリッド！

数あるアーカイヴの中から今回リクエストした、往年のDOTCロゴも大人気でした。まさにNFAなアートワーク！

素晴らしいLIVEは性別はもちろん、世代を超えて惹きつけられますね。。

先輩のビッグスマイル！最高です。

陽も落ちはじめる頃には、盛り上がりも最高潮に。居合わせた人が持ち寄ったヴァイブスがグルーヴになりはじめます。

歯に衣着せぬ先輩とのセッションも楽しみのひとつ笑。

相棒のベストショット！！

立ち寄ってくれた天草CREWもセッションに参加！まさかのギターケースへのプリントに大歓声！！

今回のセッションも遠方からローカルラインまで、沢山の方にお集まり頂きました。

真冬からスタートしたセッションも今回で数えること4回目となりました。

僕たちを常に無理なく？後押ししてくれる先輩と共に、確実に自分たちも進化を感じられる素晴らしいイベントになりました。

今後も自分たちと共に皆さまと楽しさを共有出来る提案ができればと思います。

ネクストセッションもどうぞご期待ください！

@felixheads

フォールラン真っ最中という事もあり、本国のヘッズの動きも賑やかになってきました。そんな中、もちろんトレードも進行中。

@lazylightningdyes

東海岸のタイダイスペシャリスト、ジェイクが相棒の代名詞をタイダイ！

@arewenotdead

SFで友情が生まれたタイラーは、素晴らしいペイントの自分のバスでガイドをしているローカル。いつも気軽に連絡を取り合う、本当にイイ奴。

@ninojapan

角度は違うものの、ベクトルは同じNINOくん。本国での軽いフットワークとレペゼン具合にビッグリスペクト！

デュードインしている茅ヶ崎のローカルもヤングからベテランまで、スタイルを持っていて最高です。

ヘッズじゃなくても、カンの良い方は話が早いっス笑。

はるばるアメリカからオーダーしてくれて、なんなら喜びのメッセージやコミュニケーションがとれる。デッドどうのこうのじゃなく、こんな出会いやサポートに、本当に感謝しかありません。

@ruckaruckaranch

リスペクトしてやまないヘッズとの交流は自分にとってインスピレーションの源。モノやアートワークだけでもない、友情から生まれるコミニケーション。最高です。

@swampgoods

Brokedown Bootleg & Shakedown Bootleg Tee

出会いは相棒のトレードで知るきっかけになった、スワンプグッズ。本人のアイデンティティが感じられるアートワークは好きな方にはたまらないであろう？アプローチ。ハンドプリントによる風合いも良い雰囲気です。

@connorabradley "BOOTLEG GRATEFUL DEAD" Hoodie

NYのヘッズの中でも、常に目が離せない存在のブラッドリー。本国からも予想以上の反響のあった、こちらのフーディも最高にクールな仕上がりとなっています。

@saveyourfaceofficial Save Your Face "Reflective print" Tee

本国ではミッキーハートがシェアするなど、認知度がさらに高くなった、NOT FADE AWAY Tシャツ。ヘザーグレイに同色かと思われるプリントは、現在はリリースしていないリフレクト仕様のリミテッドエディション！

@dudeinn

"Bumper Logo" Canvas Bag

シンプルなキャンバスバッグは、ご当地Headsの代名詞でもある？バンパーステッカーをまるでボムったかのようにベッタリとラバープリント。

サコッシュ的にも、抱えてもOK。現在ソールドアウトとなっておりますが、近日リプライズ予定となっております。

@dudeinn

"Jerry face" Cap 《New Color》

久々のリリース？となったジェリーフェイスのキャップは、あっという間にソールドアウト。。ありがとうございます！

@dudeinn 80-90s Champion Reverse Weave

個人的にも20年以上愛用している、もはや説明などいらない？チャンピオンのリバースウィーブ。

ユーズドならではのこなれた風合いは、やはりマスターピース！今回あっという間にソールドしてしまいましたが、ネクストもセッティング中ですのでお楽しみにどうぞ。

youtube

先週はフォールランも場所を移して、スペースシップの愛称でも知られるハンプトンコロシアム。セカンドセットのオープナーはなんとアルシア！

メイヤーのチューンイン具合が感じられて、最高です。

今週もマイノリティなブログに最後までお付き合いありがとうございました！

そろそろ年末に差し掛かり、慌ただしくなってきました。お店のラインナップもニギニギしてきておりますので、ぜひ遊びにいらしてください。

今週もマイペースにお待ちしております！

#DUDE INN #DOWN ON THE CORNER #SILK SCREEN #GRATEFUL DEAD #DEAD HEADS

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buygunsonline-blog · 4 years

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BUY GUNS ONLINE

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