gurumiiart-blog
gurumii
14 ❃ freelance artist ❃ illustrator ❃ graphic designer ❃ south korea ❃
student of ci ❃
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🐯🐅 V-CUT
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My Thoughts on CRISPR
CRISPR(“clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”)/Cas9 is a type of a gene-editing process. It is known to be cheaper and more precise than other Gene-editing processes. CRISPR is derived from the natural defense mechanisms from a single-celled organism, which is the bacteria (S. Pyogenes).
In short, CRISPR is a specialized region of the DNA where repeated sequences of nucleotides (building blocks of DNA) are spread out. In bacterias, these sequences or “spacers” in the CRISPR are taken from DNA copies from viruses that attacked the organism in the past. When the bacteria survives a virus attack, it stores a portion of the attacker virus’s DNA in the CRISPR area of its genome. In short, in the CRISPR area, there are repeating sequences of A,T,C,G, while there are snippets of different DNA sequences are sandwiched between the breaks. These are kept as memories, which helps it attack the viruses in the future.
(Visual representation of CRISPR: — // — !! — ?? — … on and on. )
CAS9 enzymes play a very important role in this defense mechanism. CAS9 is a type of enzyme that acts as a “molecular scissor”.
A portion of the CRISPR is transcribed and processed into crRNA, (which is the “mugshot” of the attacker)
Cas9 scans the system by wielding the copy of the Virus’s DNA and looking for the exact copy of it. (looking for the attacker in a crowd, mugshot in hand)
If the DNA copy matches with the Virus’s DNA, the defence mechanism is triggered. (the attacker matches the mugshot).
Cas9 binds the crRNA, which the guides the Cas9 to the target. This structure is called the CRISPR-CAS9 structure.
The Cas9 cuts the specific area of the virus’s DNA.
The virus’s DNA repair mechanism tries to fix itself, but it is prone to error. It ends up mutating, eventually disabling itself.
There are two ways on how CRISPR-CAS9 can be applied to plants and animals.
Curing Faults (deleting)
Cas9 cuts so precisely, it can be used to cut specific areas of our own DNA. So basically, we give the Cas9 the “mugshot copy” of the faulty DNA, let it loose, and disable the specific part.
Improving Traits (replacing)
After letting the Cas9 cut off the gene that you don’t want, a better gene is released in the area. The natural repair mechanism puts the better gene in the empty space.
However, there are several controversies on this:
Should we edit human embryos?
What purpose? To cure or enhance?
How much would it cost?
What will happen if some countries ban CRISPR?
Firstly, when I heard about the CRISPR technology, I was very thrilled.
My mother currently suffers from depression and panic disorders, which also affected me in the past. It is believed that around 50 percent of those with these diseases can be traced to a genetic link.
I am happy that so many lives can be saved in the future, especially my mother’s, once the scientists find out and fix the chemicals in her brain that causes her condition. There is so much potential to this technology, which could, in fact, end human suffering.
However, I am very concerned about this technology. Even though there are so many things that CRISPR can do, I see an ugly side on it.
First of all, just like GATTACA (a dystopian movie where social classes are divided by genetic superiority), there will be people who can afford this technology, and those who can not. Event though CRISPR is a lot cheaper than previous gene-editing technologies, some people would not be able to afford it. If this is the case, there would be two kinds of people: genetically enhanced people and normal people.
This could cause a serious division in the society. The modified humans will not only be impervious to genetic diseases, but have better senses, strength, intelligence, and looks than those who are not modified. These people will have higher social hierarchy, better jobs, education, and more success in life. People who can’t afford this technology would have to suffer from various genetic diseases, and get discriminated by the society.
Like all technology, CRISPR isn’t good or bad. If people decide to officially use this technology, it really depends on humanity and society, on what purpose we use this for. CRISPR will save so many lives, with the risk of the technology being weaponized. Either way, once we have this technology, we can’t stop using it. The door is open to possiblities already. We can’t close that door.
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Made something for EXO-Ls
I hope you enjoy! I used photoshop and illustrator
#exo#exo_cbx#엑소#엑소엘#exo-l#6yearswithexo#6yearswithbaekhyun#6yearswithsehun#kokobop#photoshop#illustrator#graphic design
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Hello! I found you from Twitter. Your art is so pretty! What mediums do you usually use?
Oh wow! Thank you so much )) I usually use a very fine ink pen, monochrome markers, and metallic inks :) I hope this helped
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Delet this
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Bloom me, a flower of my own.
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This is the latest illustration I did for Finnish Psykologi magazine. The quote illustrated this time was “If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor.” by Desmond Tutu.
Art direction by Johannes Rantapuska.
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