Importance of Nadir Shah's Throne

Hammer’s history sheds light on the significance of the protection of Hicaz and the diplomatic exchanges with envoys sent there. The Ottoman Empire’s decision to send gifts worth 386,402 piasters in exchange for Nadir Shah’s throne underscores its importance. Considering that one gold coin equaled fifty piasters at that time, this amount represented a substantial sum.

Return of Ottoman Gifts

Despite the valuable gifts sent by the Ottoman Empire, including the construction of the Ahmed III library, they were brought back to Istanbul following Nadir Shah’s death. However, Nadir Shah’s throne remained in Baghdad for a period before eventually reaching Istanbul in 1758. It was officially registered in the treasury book two years later, in 1760 Istanbul Private Tours Mevlevi.

Izzi Suleyman Efendi’s Account

During the time Nadir Shah’s throne was in Baghdad, Izzi Suleyman Efendi, the private historian of the palace, provided limited information about it compared to the detailed account of the gifts exchanged. Izzi emphasized the importance of the incoming gifts over the outgoing ones, as reflected in his annals.

Ottoman Envoy’s Description

The Ottoman envoy, Mustafa Nazif Efendi, described the throne as approximately 20 feet in height and 10 feet in width, situated within a six-columned Persian-style tent. He received the throne and a letter from Nadir Shah, which he conveyed to Sultan Mahmut I in Istanbul. Despite his swift journey, the throne itself arrived in Istanbul a decade later, ten years after the envoy’s visit.

Through Hammer’s history and Izzi Suleyman Efendi’s annals, we gain insight into the diplomatic intricacies surrounding the exchange of Nadir Shah’s throne and the lasting impact it had on Ottoman-Iranian relations.

Raika The Village Queen

Raika’s role as a schoolmistress in Panagurishti held great esteem and respect, making her akin to a village queen.

Unique Position

Being a schoolmistress in a rural setting like Panagurishti differed greatly from the role in urban areas like London. Raika’s intelligence, education, and beauty elevated her status, earning admiration from everyone in the village.

Lack of Suitors

Despite her qualities, Raika found herself without a suitor. The young men of the village felt intimidated by her superiority and didn’t dare to pursue her hand in marriage, leaving Raika without romantic prospects.

Turbulent Times

Raika’s peaceful life was disrupted by the outbreak of the insurrection in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At eighteen, after two years of teaching, she faced unexpected challenges as the tax collector arrived, demanding overdue taxes exacerbated by crop failures.

Financial Struggles

The sudden tax demands plunged many villagers into financial distress. Their properties were seized and sold hastily, without consideration for their future livelihoods. Some villagers were even imprisoned due to their inability to meet the tax obligations, leading to widespread misery and discontent Tour Packages Bulgaria.

Raika’s story reflects the upheaval faced by rural communities during times of crisis. Despite her esteemed position, she was not immune to the economic hardships brought on by external conflicts and oppressive taxation. Her resilience in navigating these challenges serves as a testament to the strength of character found in individuals like her, striving to persevere amidst adversity.

Struggling with Impartiality

My resolve to maintain impartiality in my investigation has swiftly evaporated, giving way to a rising tide of emotion. The horrors I’ve encountered defy judicial detachment. Some truths, upon realization, incite an angry surge of blood and provoke visceral reactions. Certain realities are too grotesque for calm scrutiny, evoking a visceral recoil and a refusal of the mind to dwell on them. These are the realities I’ve encountered in my investigation.

Overwhelmed by Horrors

My initial inquiries have already revealed more than enough to draw conclusions. The forthcoming statistical data from Mr. Baring and Mr. Schuyler will likely suffice. The admitted atrocities, acknowledged even by those sympathetic to the Turks and the Turks themselves, paint a grim picture. The burning of 60 or 70 villages, the slaughter of some 15,000 individuals, predominantly women and children, are staggering figures. The gruesome details of unspeakable acts perpetrated against women and defenseless children, relayed not just by Bulgarians but also by various consuls, German officials, Greeks, Armenians, priests, missionaries, and even Turks, render further investigation redundant Turkey Sightseeing.

Accepting the Grim Reality

Confronted with such widespread and corroborated horror, I find it unnecessary to delve deeper. The enormity and unanimity of the accounts leave little room for doubt or skepticism. The evidence is overwhelming, and the urgency to address these atrocities becomes paramount. Further investigation would only serve to exacerbate the anguish without significantly altering the grim reality that demands immediate attention and action.

Soviet Influence Across Sectors

Cultural and Educational Alignment

Culture and education in Bulgaria have undergone Sovietization. Hundreds of Russian books have been translated into Bulgarian and widely published. The educational system closely follows the Soviet model. The Bulgarian education statute of July 1959 is essentially a copy of the Soviet law from December 1958. Its primary aim, as reported by Party Secretary Todor Zhivkov, is to indoctrinate future generations, foster animosity towards opponents of Communist ideals, and emphasize the teaching of Marxism-Leninism.

Socio-Economic System Mirrors the USSR

Bulgaria’s social and economic structure mirrors that of the USSR. Industry is entirely nationalized and under Communist state administration. Both domestic and foreign trade are state-controlled, and all banking and credit institutions are state-owned. Agricultural land and the economy have been collectivized using forceful methods similar to those employed in Soviet Russia in the early 1930s. Bulgaria’s economic ties with the USSR are substantial, with production aligned to meet Soviet demands. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) signals a gradual economic integration of the entire Soviet bloc Guided Istanbul Tours.

Recent Economic Challenges and Opposition

Exploitation has increased in recent years, particularly with the proclamation of the “big leap forward” in October 1958, seemingly instructed by Moscow. This disrupted the economic system, resulting in reduced production of consumer goods and food, exacerbating the people’s misery. The “big leap forward” has stirred opposition across society, leading to passive resistance and sabotage, countered by relentless police terror. Tens of thousands are now in prisons and concentration camps in Bulgaria.

Continuous Soviet Intervention

The Sovietization of Bulgaria spans political, legal, administrative, military, cultural, social, and economic domains. This persistent intervention violates the Peace Treaty of February 10, 1947, and the United Nations Charter. The current Bulgarian government was imposed by the Soviet Army and has never faced free elections or public ratification. Consequently, it does not truly represent the will of the Bulgarian people and lacks independence, serving as a tool of Moscow.

Soviet Influence Across Sectors

Cultural and Educational Alignment

Culture and education in Bulgaria have undergone Sovietization. Hundreds of Russian books have been translated into Bulgarian and widely published. The educational system closely follows the Soviet model. The Bulgarian education statute of July 1959 is essentially a copy of the Soviet law from December 1958. Its primary aim, as reported by Party Secretary Todor Zhivkov, is to indoctrinate future generations, foster animosity towards opponents of Communist ideals, and emphasize the teaching of Marxism-Leninism.

Socio-Economic System Mirrors the USSR

Bulgaria’s social and economic structure mirrors that of the USSR. Industry is entirely nationalized and under Communist state administration. Both domestic and foreign trade are state-controlled, and all banking and credit institutions are state-owned. Agricultural land and the economy have been collectivized using forceful methods similar to those employed in Soviet Russia in the early 1930s. Bulgaria’s economic ties with the USSR are substantial, with production aligned to meet Soviet demands. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) signals a gradual economic integration of the entire Soviet bloc Guided Istanbul Tours.

Recent Economic Challenges and Opposition

Exploitation has increased in recent years, particularly with the proclamation of the “big leap forward” in October 1958, seemingly instructed by Moscow. This disrupted the economic system, resulting in reduced production of consumer goods and food, exacerbating the people’s misery. The “big leap forward” has stirred opposition across society, leading to passive resistance and sabotage, countered by relentless police terror. Tens of thousands are now in prisons and concentration camps in Bulgaria.

Continuous Soviet Intervention

The Sovietization of Bulgaria spans political, legal, administrative, military, cultural, social, and economic domains. This persistent intervention violates the Peace Treaty of February 10, 1947, and the United Nations Charter. The current Bulgarian government was imposed by the Soviet Army and has never faced free elections or public ratification. Consequently, it does not truly represent the will of the Bulgarian people and lacks independence, serving as a tool of Moscow.

The Fall of Communism in Bulgaria November 10 1989

The Palace Coup of November 10, 1989

Assisted by the Soviet Embassy, the leadership of the Bulgarian Communist Party orchestrated significant changes within their ranks. On November 10, 1989, a party plenum released Todor Zhivkov from his position as General Secretary of the Central Committee. Zhivkov, feeling aged and weakened, opted not to engage in another strenuous battle for power.

Quote: “Look at me – I march on. Not with the swing and shiver of a victory march Not along a route lined solemnly, Not under a rain of flowers.”

Excerpt from ‘In Spite of Everything’ by Bogomil Rainov (b. 1919), translated by Roy MacGregor-Hastie Subtitle 2: The Years of Democracy: 1990 and Beyond City Tours Istanbul.

Questioning 45 Years of Rule

The events of November 10, 1989, marked a “palace coup” orchestrated by the Communist Party leadership to retain control over state governance. This change was heavily influenced by the Soviet Union. Todor Zhivkov was replaced as the party leader and President of the State Council by Petar Mladenov, a Soviet-educated figure who had served as Foreign Minister and been a long-standing member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). In January 1990, Andrei Loukanov, another Soviet-trained individual with a history as a minister and representative of the communist elite, assumed the position of Prime Minister. Both leaders emphasized that the Bulgarian “restructuring,” following the example of the Soviet “perestroika,” should focus on transforming and improving the existing system, and the process should be led by the Communist Party.

November 10, 1989, witnessed a significant shift in Bulgaria’s political landscape, as the Communist Party leadership executed a “palace coup,” paving the way for changes and opening the door to a new era of democracy.

Turkish Villagers Pillage and Seize Livestock in Bulgarian Towns

A Climate of Fear and Exploitation

This article delves into the distressing reality faced by Bulgarian villagers, focusing on the rampant pillaging and livestock seizures perpetrated by Turkish neighbors. The pervasive climate of fear, economic exploitation, and the lack of authority figures to curb these offenses paints a bleak picture of rural life in Bulgaria.

Cattle Seizures and Denial of Justice

The first case study takes us to Perustitsa, where survivors of massacres and house burnings find themselves victims once again. The Turks from the neighboring village of Ustuna seize the remaining cattle, refusing to restore them even in the face of appeals for justice. The villagers’ pleas go unheard, showcasing the impunity with which such acts are committed.

The Helpless Mudir and Stolen Horses

The article shifts to Avrat-Alan, where Turkish neighbors unabashedly seize six horses from fields merely a mile away. Despite the injustice, the Mudir of Avrat-Alan claims powerlessness, citing the lack of authority over the offending Turks. The narrative highlights the pervasive fear among local authorities and their inability to protect villagers from such rampant aggression Bulgaria Tour.

A Brave Attempt Met with Violence

At Otluk-kui, a villager’s attempt to reclaim his cattle ends in a fresh sabre cut to his head. Armed with an order from the Mudir, his endeavor to retrieve his livestock exposes the violent reprisals faced by those who dare challenge the Turkish pillagers. This incident underscores the physical risks associated with seeking justice.

Urgent Need for Intervention and Protection

The article concludes with a stark portrayal of the unchecked aggression faced by Bulgarian villagers at the hands of Turkish neighbors. It calls for urgent intervention, emphasizing the need for a robust mechanism to ensure justice, protect livestock, and empower local authorities to curb these offenses. The prevailing climate of fear and economic exploitation must be addressed to safeguard the well-being and livelihoods of Bulgarian villagers.

A Plea for Empathy and Global Awareness

In a final reflection, the article urges global awareness and empathy for the plight of Bulgarian villagers. It calls on international bodies, humanitarian organizations, and concerned individuals to unite in condemning these acts of aggression, amplifying the voices of the oppressed, and working towards a future where rural communities can thrive without fear of pillaging and exploitation.

Unveiling Horrors

The Repulsive Realities of Otluk-kui’s Mudir

In the aftermath of the atrocities in Otluk-kui, a town plagued by unspeakable horrors, the figure of the Mudir emerges as a symbol of repulsion and brutality, leaving an indelible mark on the narrative of suffering.

Encountering the Brute The Sinister Presence of the Mudir

The morning following our arrival, the ominous presence of the Mudir cast a dark shadow over Otluk-kui. This Mudir, the same individual responsible for the horrifying maltreatment of a young schoolmistress, presented himself as a figure of unparalleled repulsiveness and filth. The sheer brutality witnessed in his actions marked him as one of the most repulsive brutes ever encountered.

Even the seasoned observer, Mr. Schuyler, could not hide his disdain. A brief exchange of words revealed a complete absence of compliments, prompting Mr. Schuyler to retreat to his room, leaving the Mudir to be entertained—or rather, tolerated—by the remaining occupants. Little did we know that the encounter with the Mudir was far from over, taking a peculiar and extraordinary turn Travel Bulgaria.

A Protracted Encounter Unveiling the Extraordinary Interview

What transpired during the extended interview with the Mudir bordered on the extraordinary, shedding light on the depth of his brutality and the extent of his repulsiveness. While Mr. Schuyler may have retreated physically, his investigation into the Mudir’s actions persisted, unraveling a narrative of horror that would shock even the most callous observers.

The details of this extraordinary interview, though not explicitly outlined, hinted at a continued exploration of the Mudir’s involvement in the atrocities that befell Otluk-kui. Mr. Schuyler, driven by a relentless pursuit of truth and justice, dug deeper into the sinister actions of this repulsive figure. The revelations, as they unfolded, served to expose not only the individual acts of brutality but also the systemic issues that allowed such repulsive conduct to persist.

As we navigate the unsettling truths uncovered in this extraordinary interview, the Mudir emerges not just as an individual brute but as a representation of the broader horrors inflicted upon Otluk-kui. The encounter with this repulsive figure becomes a pivotal moment in the ongoing quest for accountability, as the spotlight turns toward the complicity and responsibility of those in positions of authority. The town’s wounds, inflicted by both external invaders and internal perpetrators, remain open, and the Mudir stands as a chilling embodiment of the darkness that enveloped Otluk-kui during those harrowing days.

Parts of Women’s apparel

There was not a roof left, not a whole wall standing; all was a mass of ruins, from which arose, as we listened, a low plaintive wail, like the “ keening ” of the Irish over their dead, that filled the little valley and gave it voice.

We had the explanation of this curious sound when we afterwards descended into the village. We looked again at the heap of skulls and skeletons before us, and we observed that they were all small, and that the articles of clothing, intermingled with them and lying about, were all parts of women’s apparel.

These, then, were all women and girls. From my saddle I counted about a hundred skulls, not including those that were hidden beneath the others in the ghastly heap, nor those that were scattered far and wide through the fields. The skulls were nearly all separated from the rest of the bones, the skeletons were nearly all headless Guided Istanbul Tours.

Monotonous Chant

These women had all been beheaded. We descended into the town. Within the shattered walls of the first house we came to was a woman sitting on a heap of rubbish, rocking herself to and for, wailing a kind of monotonous chant, half sung, half sobbed, that was not without a wild discordant melody. In her lap she held a babe, and another child sat beside her patiently and silently, and looked at us as we passed with wondering eyes.

She paid no attention to us; but we bent our ear to hear what she was saying, and our interpreter said it was as follows :— “ My home, my home, my poor home, nay sweet home; my husband, my husband, my poor husband, my dear husband ; my home, my sweet home’ and so on, repeating the same words over and over again a thousand times. In the next house were two, engaged in the same way; one old, the other young, repeating words nearly identical, “ I had a home, and now I have none ; I had a husband, and now I am a widow; I had a son, and now I have none ; I had five children, and now I have one,” while rocking themselves to and fro, beating their heads and wringing their hands.

Parts of Women’s apparel

There was not a roof left, not a whole wall standing; all was a mass of ruins, from which arose, as we listened, a low plaintive wail, like the “ keening ” of the Irish over their dead, that filled the little valley and gave it voice.

We had the explanation of this curious sound when we afterwards descended into the village. We looked again at the heap of skulls and skeletons before us, and we observed that they were all small, and that the articles of clothing, intermingled with them and lying about, were all parts of women’s apparel.

These, then, were all women and girls. From my saddle I counted about a hundred skulls, not including those that were hidden beneath the others in the ghastly heap, nor those that were scattered far and wide through the fields. The skulls were nearly all separated from the rest of the bones, the skeletons were nearly all headless Guided Istanbul Tours.

Monotonous Chant

These women had all been beheaded. We descended into the town. Within the shattered walls of the first house we came to was a woman sitting on a heap of rubbish, rocking herself to and for, wailing a kind of monotonous chant, half sung, half sobbed, that was not without a wild discordant melody. In her lap she held a babe, and another child sat beside her patiently and silently, and looked at us as we passed with wondering eyes.

She paid no attention to us; but we bent our ear to hear what she was saying, and our interpreter said it was as follows :— “ My home, my home, my poor home, nay sweet home; my husband, my husband, my poor husband, my dear husband ; my home, my sweet home’ and so on, repeating the same words over and over again a thousand times. In the next house were two, engaged in the same way; one old, the other young, repeating words nearly identical, “ I had a home, and now I have none ; I had a husband, and now I am a widow; I had a son, and now I have none ; I had five children, and now I have one,” while rocking themselves to and fro, beating their heads and wringing their hands.

An angry manner

They barked at us in an angry manner, and then ran off into the adjoining fields. I observed nothing peculiar as we mounted, until my horse stumbled. When looking down I perceived he had stepped on a human skull partly hid among the grass. It was quite dry and hard, and might, to all appearances, have been there for two or three years, so well had the dogs done their work. A few steps further there was another, and beside it part of a skeleton, likewise white and dry.

As we ascended, bones, skeletons, and skulls became more frequent, but here they had not been picked so clean, for there were fragments of half-dry, half-putrid flesh still clinging to them. At last we came to a kind of little plateau or shelf on the hillside, where the ground was nearly level, with the exception of a little indentation where the head of a hollow broke through. We rode towards this, with the intention of crossing it, but all suddenly drew rein with an exclamation of horror, for right before us, almost beneath our horses’ feet, was a sight that made us shudder Guided Istanbul Tours.

Human body

It was a heap of skulls, intermingled with bones from all parts of the human body, skeletons, nearly entire, rotting, clothing, human hair, and putrid flesh lying there in one foul heap, around which the grass was growing luxuriantly. It emitted a sickening odour, like that of a dead horse, and it was here the dogs had been seeking a hasty repast when our untimely approach interrupted them.

In the midst of this heap I could distinguish one slight skeleton form still enclosed in a chemise, the skull wrapped about with a coloured handkerchief, and the bony ankles encased in the embroidered footless stockings worn by the Bulgarian girls. We looked about us.

The ground was strewed with bones in every direction, where the dogs had carried them off to gnaw them at their leisure. At the distance of a hundred yards beneath us lay the town. As seen from our stand-point, it reminded one somewhat of the ruins of Herculaneum or Pompeii.

An angry manner

They barked at us in an angry manner, and then ran off into the adjoining fields. I observed nothing peculiar as we mounted, until my horse stumbled. When looking down I perceived he had stepped on a human skull partly hid among the grass. It was quite dry and hard, and might, to all appearances, have been there for two or three years, so well had the dogs done their work. A few steps further there was another, and beside it part of a skeleton, likewise white and dry.

As we ascended, bones, skeletons, and skulls became more frequent, but here they had not been picked so clean, for there were fragments of half-dry, half-putrid flesh still clinging to them. At last we came to a kind of little plateau or shelf on the hillside, where the ground was nearly level, with the exception of a little indentation where the head of a hollow broke through. We rode towards this, with the intention of crossing it, but all suddenly drew rein with an exclamation of horror, for right before us, almost beneath our horses’ feet, was a sight that made us shudder Guided Istanbul Tours.

Human body

It was a heap of skulls, intermingled with bones from all parts of the human body, skeletons, nearly entire, rotting, clothing, human hair, and putrid flesh lying there in one foul heap, around which the grass was growing luxuriantly. It emitted a sickening odour, like that of a dead horse, and it was here the dogs had been seeking a hasty repast when our untimely approach interrupted them.

In the midst of this heap I could distinguish one slight skeleton form still enclosed in a chemise, the skull wrapped about with a coloured handkerchief, and the bony ankles encased in the embroidered footless stockings worn by the Bulgarian girls. We looked about us.

The ground was strewed with bones in every direction, where the dogs had carried them off to gnaw them at their leisure. At the distance of a hundred yards beneath us lay the town. As seen from our stand-point, it reminded one somewhat of the ruins of Herculaneum or Pompeii.

An angry manner

They barked at us in an angry manner, and then ran off into the adjoining fields. I observed nothing peculiar as we mounted, until my horse stumbled. When looking down I perceived he had stepped on a human skull partly hid among the grass. It was quite dry and hard, and might, to all appearances, have been there for two or three years, so well had the dogs done their work. A few steps further there was another, and beside it part of a skeleton, likewise white and dry.

As we ascended, bones, skeletons, and skulls became more frequent, but here they had not been picked so clean, for there were fragments of half-dry, half-putrid flesh still clinging to them. At last we came to a kind of little plateau or shelf on the hillside, where the ground was nearly level, with the exception of a little indentation where the head of a hollow broke through. We rode towards this, with the intention of crossing it, but all suddenly drew rein with an exclamation of horror, for right before us, almost beneath our horses’ feet, was a sight that made us shudder Guided Istanbul Tours.

Human body

It was a heap of skulls, intermingled with bones from all parts of the human body, skeletons, nearly entire, rotting, clothing, human hair, and putrid flesh lying there in one foul heap, around which the grass was growing luxuriantly. It emitted a sickening odour, like that of a dead horse, and it was here the dogs had been seeking a hasty repast when our untimely approach interrupted them.

In the midst of this heap I could distinguish one slight skeleton form still enclosed in a chemise, the skull wrapped about with a coloured handkerchief, and the bony ankles encased in the embroidered footless stockings worn by the Bulgarian girls. We looked about us.

The ground was strewed with bones in every direction, where the dogs had carried them off to gnaw them at their leisure. At the distance of a hundred yards beneath us lay the town. As seen from our stand-point, it reminded one somewhat of the ruins of Herculaneum or Pompeii.

Hafiz Pacha unlike Achmet Aga

During the night and the next morning the troops and the Bashi-Bazouks entered the place, and then began a scene of pillage, violence, and massacre, only equalled by that of Batak. Neither age nor sex was spared. The town was pillaged, then fired ; about one-fourth of the houses were burnt, people were cut down in the streets, on their own doorsteps, on their own hearthstones. Old men and women begging for mercy, and children and infants screaming in terror, perished alike beneath the swift and certain sabre.

It is thought that 3,000 people were killed in this place alone, of whom about 400 were inhabitants of the town, and the rest from the neighbouring villages who had taken refuge here. But we were not greeted here with the scenes of horror that awaited us at Batak. Hafiz Pacha, unlike Achmet Aga, had sense enough to have the bodies buried within the following three days, and thus to cover up his tracks.

It has been repeated again and again that these acts were perpetrated by the Bashi-Bazouks ouly, and not by the regular troops ; and a great deal is made of the statement as showing the massacres were committed without the consent of the authorities. If the statement were worth anything, the converse ought to be true—that if the massacres were committed by the regular troops then the authorities are responsible. Now, as it happens, wherever there were any regular troops to commit massacres, they rivalled the Bashi-Bazouks in atrocity Turkey Sightseeing.

Here, as Mr. Schuyler will show in his report, regular and irregular troops were equally cruel, pitiless, and ferocious, and Hafiz Pacha is no less guilty than Achmet Aga. The reason is simple. They are all Turks alike, and there is nothing to choose between them. These massacres were committed by the order of the authorities, and that is why the men who committed them have been rewarded with decorations and promotions.

When we were in Panagurishti we were shown in the ruins of the church, before the place where the altar had stood, a black spot specked with calcined bones, on which lay a bouquet of flowers. This wras the remains of a priest, Theodor Peoff, 85 years of age, who had been seized and tortured in the hopes of obtaining money, mutilated and maltreated in ways which only the foul imagination of a Turk could invent, then killed, and burnt here before the altar.

Coldly and concisely noted

They carried little babes about the streets on the points of their bayonets, with the poor little heads and arms drooping around the barrels of their guns, and the blood streaming down over their hands. They cut off the heads of children, and compelled other children to carry the still bleeding heads about in their arms.

I would have the reader remember that I am relating facts that have been coldly and concisely noted down in my presence by Mr. Schuyler ; facts that will appear in his report; facts that were told him by people who wept and moaned and wrung their hands, and fairly tore their hair at the bare remembrance of the scenes they were relating.

Hundreds of women came to us recounting what they had seen and what they had suffered. Not a woman in the place seemed to have escaped outrage. They all confessed it openly. In other places where these things occurred, the women have shown a hesitation to speak. In some cases they denied they had been outraged, and we afterwards learned they confessed to others that they had been Turkey Sightseeing.

At Avrat-Alan a deputation of ladies called upon Mr. Schuyler to make their complaints, and he was somewhat astonished to find they had very little to say. Upon going away, however, they left him a letter, signed by them all, saying that scarcely a woman in the place had escaped outrage. They could not bring themselves to tell him viva voce; but thinking that as he was investigating here in an official capacity he ought to know, they had decided to write to him. Here, however, they did not hesitate to speak out.

Outrages were committed so publicly, so generally, that they feel it would be useless to try to hide their shame, and they avow it openly. These acts were committed not only in the houses, but in the streets, in the yards, in the courts, for the Turks have not even the decency which may accompany vice. They have not even the modesty of vileness; they have not even the shame of nature.

Coldly and concisely noted

They carried little babes about the streets on the points of their bayonets, with the poor little heads and arms drooping around the barrels of their guns, and the blood streaming down over their hands. They cut off the heads of children, and compelled other children to carry the still bleeding heads about in their arms.

I would have the reader remember that I am relating facts that have been coldly and concisely noted down in my presence by Mr. Schuyler ; facts that will appear in his report; facts that were told him by people who wept and moaned and wrung their hands, and fairly tore their hair at the bare remembrance of the scenes they were relating.

Hundreds of women came to us recounting what they had seen and what they had suffered. Not a woman in the place seemed to have escaped outrage. They all confessed it openly. In other places where these things occurred, the women have shown a hesitation to speak. In some cases they denied they had been outraged, and we afterwards learned they confessed to others that they had been Turkey Sightseeing.

At Avrat-Alan a deputation of ladies called upon Mr. Schuyler to make their complaints, and he was somewhat astonished to find they had very little to say. Upon going away, however, they left him a letter, signed by them all, saying that scarcely a woman in the place had escaped outrage. They could not bring themselves to tell him viva voce; but thinking that as he was investigating here in an official capacity he ought to know, they had decided to write to him. Here, however, they did not hesitate to speak out.

Outrages were committed so publicly, so generally, that they feel it would be useless to try to hide their shame, and they avow it openly. These acts were committed not only in the houses, but in the streets, in the yards, in the courts, for the Turks have not even the decency which may accompany vice. They have not even the modesty of vileness; they have not even the shame of nature.

Coldly and concisely noted

They carried little babes about the streets on the points of their bayonets, with the poor little heads and arms drooping around the barrels of their guns, and the blood streaming down over their hands. They cut off the heads of children, and compelled other children to carry the still bleeding heads about in their arms.

I would have the reader remember that I am relating facts that have been coldly and concisely noted down in my presence by Mr. Schuyler ; facts that will appear in his report; facts that were told him by people who wept and moaned and wrung their hands, and fairly tore their hair at the bare remembrance of the scenes they were relating.

Hundreds of women came to us recounting what they had seen and what they had suffered. Not a woman in the place seemed to have escaped outrage. They all confessed it openly. In other places where these things occurred, the women have shown a hesitation to speak. In some cases they denied they had been outraged, and we afterwards learned they confessed to others that they had been Turkey Sightseeing.

At Avrat-Alan a deputation of ladies called upon Mr. Schuyler to make their complaints, and he was somewhat astonished to find they had very little to say. Upon going away, however, they left him a letter, signed by them all, saying that scarcely a woman in the place had escaped outrage. They could not bring themselves to tell him viva voce; but thinking that as he was investigating here in an official capacity he ought to know, they had decided to write to him. Here, however, they did not hesitate to speak out.

Outrages were committed so publicly, so generally, that they feel it would be useless to try to hide their shame, and they avow it openly. These acts were committed not only in the houses, but in the streets, in the yards, in the courts, for the Turks have not even the decency which may accompany vice. They have not even the modesty of vileness; they have not even the shame of nature.