Startup India Registration

A Complete Analysis of Startup India Registration

India’s startup scene is thriving, witnessing a surge in young entrepreneurs each year. With supportive government backing, startups contribute significantly to the nation’s economic growth. These ventures, offering innovative solutions to societal challenges, redefine existing products or services. The Startup India Initiative, championed by the Indian government, aims to nurture aspiring entrepreneurs. The accompanying Startup India Scheme provides crucial financial and mentoring support for the growth and expansion of startup companies. This initiative not only promotes startups but also focuses on creating employment opportunities and fostering wealth generation.

What is a Startup?

It’s a newly established Company, generally small, which is started by one or more people. The main purpose behind a startup is to grow faster & provide something to fulfill the market gap in any industry. There are no fixed parameters set for a startup, as they are totally independent to some level. Startups initiate with a product concept & strive to grow at pace. It’s not vital that all Startups make a profit during their initial stage.

Objectives of Startup India Movement

Following are the objectives of Startup India Movement:

1: Enhanced Infrastructure, including incubation centers;

2: IPR facilitation;

3: A goal to increase the funding opportunities;

4: Provide an extensive networking database for the entrepreneurs & other stakeholders in the startup ecosystem;

5: The better regulatory environment including tax benefits, easier compliance improved establishing a Company, fastest mechanism & more.

Benefits of Startup India Registration

Following are the benefits of Startup India Registration:

Easy Access of Funds: Rs. 10,000 crores fund is set-up by the Indian Government to provide funds to the startups as Venture Capital. The Government is also giving guarantees to the lenders to encourage banks & other financial institutions to provide Venture Capital.

Tax Savings for Investors: Individual investing their capital gains in the venture funds set-up by the Government will get exemption from Capital Gains and this will help all the Startups to attract more investors.

Income Tax Exemption: Eligible startups can be exempted from paying Income Tax for 3 Consecutive F.Y. (Financial Years) out of their first 10 years since Incorporation.

Easily apply for Government Tenders: Startups in India can easily apply for Government Tenders and they are exempted from the prior experience or turnover criteria applicable for normal companies answering to Government Tenders.

Rebate in Trademark & Patent Filing: Startups working under Startup India Registration Scheme will get 50% rebate on Trademark Filing and 80% rebate on Patent filing.

Easy Winding Up: The process of winding up of Company becomes very easy & it takes 90 days to wind up under IBC, 2016.

Eligibility Criteria for the Registration

Following is the eligibility criteria for Startup India Registration or DPIIT Certificate of Recognition:

1: The Startup India Registration Certificate or DPIIT Certificate of Recognition is provided for the company which is registered as an LLP, Private Limited Company, or a registered Partnership Firm.

2: To get the Registration Certificate, the firm should have an annual turnover of less than Rs. 100 crores for any of the previous Financial Year.

3: The entity or company should be working towards improvement/development of a product, service, or process.

4: The entity or company should have a scalable business model with high potential for the creation of wealth & employment. The company or firm should have the capability to generate employment or create wealth.

5: The period of Company’s operations or existence shouldn’t exceed 10 years from the date of formation.

6: To get Startup India Registration Certificate or DPIIT Certificate of Recognition, the company shouldn’t have been registered by splitting up/recreating an already existing entity.

7: Applicants shouldn’t have defaulted with any financial institution in the past.

What is Corporate and Other Laws Subject in CA Inter Group 1?

The "Corporate and Other Laws" subject in CA Inter Group 1 is a pivotal component of the Chartered Accountancy curriculum. It encompasses a comprehensive study of the legal and regulatory framework governing businesses in India. This subject delves into key laws such as the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI Act, and the LLP Act, imparting knowledge about corporate formation, governance, and dissolution, as well as securities market regulation. Additionally, it covers other significant statutes like the Competition Act and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, offering a holistic understanding of the legal landscape crucial for aspiring chartered accountants to navigate the complexities of the corporate world.

Here are some key topics typically covered in the Corporate and Other Laws subject for 

CA Inter Group 1:

The Companies Act, 2013: The Companies Act, 2013, is a comprehensive legal framework in India that regulates the entire life cycle of companies. It governs their creation, functioning, and termination. This law prescribes detailed rules for company formation, specifying requirements for directors, shareholders, and capital structure. It also establishes principles of corporate governance, emphasizing transparency and accountability. Additionally, it mandates various types of company meetings, such as board meetings and annual general meetings, and sets out procedures for decision-making and reporting. Furthermore, the Act imposes strict regulatory compliance standards, covering areas like financial reporting, auditing, and corporate social responsibility, ensuring companies adhere to legal and ethical standards. To study this topic well you can take the help of some of the best ca entrance exam books. 

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act is a pivotal legislation overseeing India's securities markets. SEBI's role involves regulating stock exchanges, ensuring fair and transparent market practices, and preventing market manipulations, like insider trading. It also enforces stringent regulations pertaining to initial public offerings (IPOs) and public issues to safeguard investor interests. SEBI plays a crucial role in maintaining market integrity, fostering investor confidence, and facilitating the efficient functioning of India's capital markets, contributing to the country's economic growth and stability.

The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956: The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, is a vital piece of legislation in India that primarily centers on the oversight of stock exchanges and securities contracts. This act lays down regulations concerning various aspects of stock exchanges, including membership criteria, functioning, and governance. It also addresses the listing of securities on stock exchanges, ensuring transparency and fairness in the process. Additionally, the act encompasses provisions governing the conduct and operations of stockbrokers, ensuring they adhere to prescribed standards and maintain the integrity of the securities market. In essence, the act establishes a regulatory framework for the orderly functioning of India's stock markets.

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008: The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008, is a crucial legislation in India that governs the establishment and operations of Limited Liability Partnerships. This law encompasses a wide range of aspects, including the formation of LLPs, specifying the procedures for registration and compliance requirements. Scanner CA Intermediate Books are the best to understand this topic. It also addresses the management structure of LLPs, detailing the roles and responsibilities of partners. Moreover, the act outlines the dissolution process of LLPs, ensuring a systematic and legal approach to winding up business operations. Overall, the LLP Act provides a flexible and transparent framework for businesses seeking the benefits of limited liability and partnership structure.

Other Relevant Laws: In addition to core company and securities laws, the CA Inter Group 1 subject of "Corporate and Other Laws" also delves into related legislation essential for businesses. The Competition Act, 2002, is one such law, aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices and promoting fair competition. It addresses issues like cartels, abuse of dominance, and mergers. Another crucial law is the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, which deals with insolvency resolution and liquidation processes for distressed companies, streamlining bankruptcy proceedings and enhancing the ease of doing business in India. These laws are integral to understanding the legal landscape and regulatory environment for businesses in the country.

It's important to note that the syllabus for CA Inter Group 1 subjects may be updated or revised from time to time, so it's advisable to refer to the latest official syllabus and ca intermediate study materials provided by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) or your respective coaching institute for the most accurate and up-to-date information on the subject.

Conclusion

The "Corporate and Other Laws" subject in CA Inter Group 1 equips future chartered accountants with the legal acumen necessary to excel in the corporate realm. It empowers them to navigate the intricate web of regulations and contribute effectively to corporate governance, compliance, and ethical business practices, making it an indispensable part of their professional journey.

What is Corporate and Other Laws Subject in CA Inter Group 1?

The "Corporate and Other Laws" subject in CA Inter Group 1 is a pivotal component of the Chartered Accountancy curriculum. It encompasses a comprehensive study of the legal and regulatory framework governing businesses in India. This subject delves into key laws such as the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI Act, and the LLP Act, imparting knowledge about corporate formation, governance, and dissolution, as well as securities market regulation. Additionally, it covers other significant statutes like the Competition Act and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, offering a holistic understanding of the legal landscape crucial for aspiring chartered accountants to navigate the complexities of the corporate world.

Here are some key topics typically covered in the Corporate and Other Laws subject for 

CA Inter Group 1:

The Companies Act, 2013: The Companies Act, 2013, is a comprehensive legal framework in India that regulates the entire life cycle of companies. It governs their creation, functioning, and termination. This law prescribes detailed rules for company formation, specifying requirements for directors, shareholders, and capital structure. It also establishes principles of corporate governance, emphasizing transparency and accountability. Additionally, it mandates various types of company meetings, such as board meetings and annual general meetings, and sets out procedures for decision-making and reporting. Furthermore, the Act imposes strict regulatory compliance standards, covering areas like financial reporting, auditing, and corporate social responsibility, ensuring companies adhere to legal and ethical standards. To study this topic well you can take the help of some of the best ca entrance exam books. 

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act is a pivotal legislation overseeing India's securities markets. SEBI's role involves regulating stock exchanges, ensuring fair and transparent market practices, and preventing market manipulations, like insider trading. It also enforces stringent regulations pertaining to initial public offerings (IPOs) and public issues to safeguard investor interests. SEBI plays a crucial role in maintaining market integrity, fostering investor confidence, and facilitating the efficient functioning of India's capital markets, contributing to the country's economic growth and stability.

The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956: The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, is a vital piece of legislation in India that primarily centers on the oversight of stock exchanges and securities contracts. This act lays down regulations concerning various aspects of stock exchanges, including membership criteria, functioning, and governance. It also addresses the listing of securities on stock exchanges, ensuring transparency and fairness in the process. Additionally, the act encompasses provisions governing the conduct and operations of stockbrokers, ensuring they adhere to prescribed standards and maintain the integrity of the securities market. In essence, the act establishes a regulatory framework for the orderly functioning of India's stock markets.

The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008: The Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008, is a crucial legislation in India that governs the establishment and operations of Limited Liability Partnerships. This law encompasses a wide range of aspects, including the formation of LLPs, specifying the procedures for registration and compliance requirements. Scanner CA Intermediate Books are the best to understand this topic. It also addresses the management structure of LLPs, detailing the roles and responsibilities of partners. Moreover, the act outlines the dissolution process of LLPs, ensuring a systematic and legal approach to winding up business operations. Overall, the LLP Act provides a flexible and transparent framework for businesses seeking the benefits of limited liability and partnership structure.

Other Relevant Laws: In addition to core company and securities laws, the CA Inter Group 1 subject of "Corporate and Other Laws" also delves into related legislation essential for businesses. The Competition Act, 2002, is one such law, aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices and promoting fair competition. It addresses issues like cartels, abuse of dominance, and mergers. Another crucial law is the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, which deals with insolvency resolution and liquidation processes for distressed companies, streamlining bankruptcy proceedings and enhancing the ease of doing business in India. These laws are integral to understanding the legal landscape and regulatory environment for businesses in the country.

It's important to note that the syllabus for CA Inter Group 1 subjects may be updated or revised from time to time, so it's advisable to refer to the latest official syllabus and ca intermediate study materials provided by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) or your respective coaching institute for the most accurate and up-to-date information on the subject.

Conclusion

The "Corporate and Other Laws" subject in CA Inter Group 1 equips future chartered accountants with the legal acumen necessary to excel in the corporate realm. It empowers them to navigate the intricate web of regulations and contribute effectively to corporate governance, compliance, and ethical business practices, making it an indispensable part of their professional journey.

What are the Roles of Registrar of Companies (ROC) in India?

Introduction

In India, registering a company is a complex procedure. A company’s incorporation process involves a number of officials, including chartered accountants and company secretaries. These individuals make a significant contribution to the company registration procedures available in India. However, one such entity is frequently overlooked during the incorporation process. It can be easy to overlook the Company Registrar who issued the registration certificate in these situations. This article will clarify and explain the role of the Company Registrar in the Company Registration Process.

What is the Registrar of Companies (ROC)?

A government official appointed under Section 609 of the Indian Companies Act, which applies to both Union Territories and several States in India, is known as the Registrar of Companies, or RoC. The main responsibility for registering companies of all kinds and limited liability partnerships (LLPs) in the appropriate states and Union Territories resides with the RoC. The RoC holds the responsibility of ensuring that the registered Companies and LLPs follow the legislative requirements provided in the Companies Act.

The Registry of Records is located within the RoC headquarters. These documents belong to businesses that have registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Members of the public may view these documents by paying the required access fee.

What are the roles of Registrar of Company (ROC) in Company Registration?

The most important position in the incorporation process is that of the company’s Registrar. He is the one who gets the application, receives the paperwork, and decides whether you are eligible for your Company Incorporation certificate. Therefore, his role can be divided into three parts:

1. Collecting the Documents

When the Registrar gets all of the required documents and the application, he is responsible for properly classifying them for future assessment.

2. Evaluation of Documents

The Registrar becomes fully functional upon receiving the application and the Company Registration documents. At this point, he will verify that all of the documentation is in order. During the document assessment process, he looks for three things:

Are all the records in one place?

Are the documents complying with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs’ regulations?

Is the application correctly completed?

3. Issuance of the certificate of company incorporation

The Registrar decides whether or not to certify the Company after carefully reviewing the application and all of the supporting documentation. They sign the company incorporation certificate if the evaluation achieves positive results. This means that the business has been granted approval. The applicant receives a copy of this document after that. On the other hand, the applicant is informed if there is a problem and the application is denied.

What are the Functions of ROC?

1. The RoC is in charge of overseeing and collecting the company’s various compliances and documents. In addition, the responsibility of the Register of Companies (RoC) is to provide relevant information regarding the registered company’s directors and shareholders to government departments and regulatory agencies.

2. A company cannot even exist without the consent of RoC. Once a company has been established and registered with the RoC, it can only officially cease to exist when its name is officially struck off by the registrar. The Registrar issues incorporation certificates to companies that have successfully registered with the authority.

3. The authority to request further information from companies, such as books of accounts, resides in the RoC. It’s also important to remember that the RoC has the power to raid the company’s offices and investigate the premises if it has any suspicions about illegal activity.

4. An application for a company’s winding up may also be filed by the Registrar of Companies.

5. RoC plays an important role in establishing healthy, ethical, and promotional business cultures among its diverse member companies.

6. Even once the company is incorporated, the ROC does not stop playing its role. A business may be obligated to inform others of specific changes to its organizational structure, to its business operations, or to its registered office. The ROC must be informed of these modifications as soon as possible.

“Discover the importance of an annual return of company, a key document that ensures your business stays compliant. It provides a snapshot of company information, including financial performance and changes in leadership. Stay updated with our comprehensive guide on annual returns.”

Summary

In the Indian business arena, the ROC is a significant participant. The ROC registers businesses, examines their records, and makes sure they follow the law in order to keep companies under control. In the corporate world, it is essential to maintain legality, openness, and trust. Thus, it is essential for everyone seeking to establish and manage a company in India to understand the roles and functions of the ROC. Keep in mind that you must obey the rules and regulations of the ROC in order to stay legitimate.

Global variable frequency drives market

The Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) market refers to the industry that deals with the production, sales, and implementation of electronic devices used to control the speed and torque of electric motors. VFDs are also known as adjustable frequency drives (AFD), variable speed drives (VSD), or inverters.

As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, the VFD market was experiencing steady growth due to several factors:

1. Industrial Automation: VFDs play a crucial role in industrial automation by providing precise motor control. They enable energy-efficient operation, reduce wear and tear on machinery, and offer greater flexibility in controlling motor speeds based on specific application requirements. With the increasing adoption of automation in various industries, the demand for VFDs has been on the rise.

2. Energy Efficiency: VFDs are widely recognized for their energy-saving capabilities. By adjusting the motor speed according to the load requirements, VFDs can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to fixed-speed motor control methods. Energy efficiency regulations and the growing emphasis on sustainability have driven the demand for VFDs in both industrial and commercial sectors.

3. Cost Savings: In addition to energy savings, VFDs can provide cost advantages by extending the lifespan of motors, reducing maintenance requirements, and preventing mechanical stress. The ability to optimize motor performance through VFDs can lead to operational cost reductions, making them an attractive solution for businesses.

4. Renewable Energy Integration: As renewable energy sources like wind and solar power continue to expand, VFDs are crucial in integrating these intermittent energy sources into the power grid. VFDs facilitate the conversion of variable-frequency power generated by renewable sources into a stable power supply, enhancing grid stability and reliability.

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It is important to note that market conditions can change over time, and new developments may have occurred since my last knowledge update. For the most up-to-date information on the Variable Frequency Drives market, I recommend referring to industry reports, market research publications, and consulting firms that specialize in this sector.

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Contact Us: David Correa 5933 NE Win Sivers Drive #205, Portland, OR 97220 United States USA/Canada (Toll Free): +1–800–792–5285, +1–503–894–6022 UK: +44–845–528–1300 Hong Kong: +852–301–84916 India (Pune): +91–20–66346060 Fax: +1(855)550–5975 [email protected] Web: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/reports-store/construction-and-manufacturing

Manufacturing Market Research Reports, Industry Overview, Opportunities

Find construction & manufacturing market research reports, industry overview and opportunities, forecast, analysis, global share, manufacturing market trends and growth

Power Plant Services Market Is Likely to Experience a Tremendous Growth in Near Future

Latest study released by AMA Research on Global Power Plant Services Market research focuses on latest market trend, opportunities and various future aspects so you can get a variety of ways to maximize your profits. Power Plant Services Market predicted until 2027*. Power Plant Services is committed to supporting owners, operators, and maintenance professionals. A wide variety of specialized services, including inspection, evaluation, and repair solutions for all types of industrial gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, and balance of plant. Power plants require thorough, well-kept maintenance protocols in order to stay safe and continue regular operations. Some of Key Players included in Power Plant Services Market are:

GE (United States)

Alstom (France)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)

TNB Remaco (Malaysia)

Siemens (Germany)

ANDRITZ (Austria)

Toshiba (Japan)

PPSVCS (United States)

Transfield Services ( Australia)

Gujarat Industries Power (India)

Fortum (Finland)

Market Trends: Increased Investment by OEMs

Drivers: Rise in Globalization and Urbanization

Demand for Electricity is Rising Owing to an Increase in Population

Challenges: Low Rate of Replacement of Power Plant Equipment

Opportunities: Growth in Investments in Various Power Plants

Increase in Investments for the Generation of Hydroelectric Power

Government Implemented Policies to Increase Electricity Generation to Address the Issue of Electricity Reliability

The titled segments and Market Data are Break Down by Application (Nuclear power plants, Hydroelectric power plants, Coal-fired power plants, Diesel-fired power plants, Geothermal power plants, Gas-fired power plants, Solar power plants, Wind power plants), Services (Rebuilds and retrofits, Upgrades and modernizations, Field services and inspections, Shut-down and start-up services, Monitoring and Maintenance), End User (State-Owned Enterprises, Private Enterprises)

Presented By

AMA Research & Media LLP

Wave Energy Converters Market Is Likely to Experience a Tremendous Growth in Near Future

Latest study released by AMA Research on Global Wave Energy Converters Market research focuses on latest market trend, opportunities and various future aspects so you can get a variety of ways to maximize your profits. Wave Energy Converters Market predicted until 2027*. Wave energy also called ocean wave energy is a type of renewable energy that is generated by harnessing the up-and-down motion of sea or ocean waves. In today’s time, renewable energy is a more popular word across the globe the world is rapidly shifting towards renewable sources to generate electricity from renewable sources to reduce the environmental effect due to carbon emissions and meet the increased energy demand. Wave energy is gaining more importance compared to wind or solar energy as it is a consistent source and a large amount of energy can be produced compared to other renewable sources like solar and wind. Further, the large scale of wave energy is produced in the North American regions like Washington, Oregon, California, and other west coasts, which will create significant opportunities. The government in India, China, America, and some European countries are establishing strategies for incorporating wave energy that will accelerate the growth of wave energy converters. Some of Key Players included in Wave Energy Converters Market are

Eco Wave Power (Sweden)

CorPower Ocean AB (Sweden)

The Liquid Grid (United States)

Seabased (Ireland)

Ocean Power Technologies (United States)

Marine Power Systems (United Kingdom)

Carnegie Clean Energy (Australia)

Wave Swell Energy Ltd (Australia)

Havkraft AS (Norway)

Limerick Wave (Ireland)

Sinn Power (Germany)

Nemos GmbH (Germany)

Arrecife Systems (Spain)

Oscilla Power, Inc. (United States)

Mocean Energy (Scotland)

NoviOcean (Sweden)

Market Trends: Increasing Research and Development of Advanced Oscillating Wave Columns and Evolution of Multi-Oscillating Water Columns

Drivers: Increased Focus on the Renewable Sources for Power Generation to Reduce the Dependence on Fossil Fuel and CO2 Emission

Growing Popularity of Wave Energy Over Wind and Solar Due to Its Consistency and Reliability

Continuously Increasing Energy Demand Across the Globe Will Boost the Market

Challenges: Noise Pollution and Weak Performance in the Rough Weather May Affect the Growth of Wave Energy Converters

Opportunities: Large Scale Energy Production on the West Coast of North America and Coasts of Australia, Scotland, and Africa

The titled segments and Market Data are Break Down by Type (Point Absorbers, Terminators, Attenuators, Oscillating Wave Surge, Submerged Pressure Differential, Rotating Mass Devices), Application (Electricity Generation, Water Desalination, Pumping Of Water, Others)

Presented By

AMA Research & Media LLP

Type of business structure in India

Overview

A business enterprise can be owned and organized in various types of business structures in India. Each legal form of business has its own merits and demerits. The ultimate choice of business entity types depends upon the balancing of the advantages and disadvantages of the various legal form of business. The right choice of type of business structure is very crucial because it determines the power, control, risk and responsibility of the entrepreneur as well as the division of profits and losses. Being a long-term commitment, the choice of the legal form of business should be made after considerable thought and deliberation. The selection of a suitable legal structure for a business organization is an important entrepreneurial decision because it influences the success and growth of a business – e.g., it determines the division or distribution of profits, the risk associated with business, and so on. Once a type of business structure is chosen, it is very difficult to switch over to another legal form of business because it needs the winding up, or dissolution of the existing organization which may be treated as a case which is raised by oneself to face with the complex issues and procedures which ultimately results into the waste of time, effort and money. Further, the closure of the business will entail the loss of business opportunity, capital and employment. The volume of risks and liabilities as well as the willingness of the owners to bear them is also an important consideration in choosing the right business entity types.

Types of Business Organisations

The choice of a business entity will depend on the object, nature and size of the business of such entity which will be varied from case-to-case basis and will also depend upon the will of the business entity owners which they want to accomplish. The main type of business structures in India is Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) Business, Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), Co-operative Societies, Branch Offices and Companies which may be any kind of company including One Person Companies (OPC), a private company, public company, Guarantee Company, subsidiary company, statutory company, an insurance company or unlimited company. Further, Company formed under section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 or under section 25 of the earlier Companies Act of 1956 is a non-profit business entity. There can also be Association of Persons (AOP) and Body of Individuals (BOI), Corporation, Co-operative Society, Trust etc. Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a type of business structure, wherein one person owns all the assets of the business, and no legal formalities are required to create a sole proprietorship. The owner reports income/loss from this business along with his personal income tax return. Partnership Firm Partnership firms are a type of business structure are created by drafting a partnership deed among the partners. Partnership firms in India are, governed by the Indian Partnership Act of 1932. Section 464 of the Companies Act, 2013 empowers the Central Government to prescribe a maximum number of partners in a firm but the number of partners so prescribed cannot be more than 100. The Central Government has prescribed a maximum number of partners in a firm to be 50 vide Rule 10 of the Companies (Miscellaneous) Rules,2014. Thus, in effect, a partnership firm cannot have more than 50 members”. Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) A Hindu family can come together and form a type of business structure called HUF. HUF is taxed separately from its members. HUF has its own PAN and files tax returns independent of its members. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Limited Liability Partnership is a legal structure of the business that provides the benefits of limited liability of a company but allows its members the flexibility of organizing their internal management on the basis of a mutually-arrived agreement, as is the case in a partnership firm. Co-operative Society A cooperative organization is an association of persons, usually of limited means, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a common economic end through the formation of a democratically controlled organization. Section 8 Company Section 8 company is established for promoting commerce, art, science, sports, education, research, social welfare, religion, charity, protection of the environment or any such other object’, provided the profits, if any, or other income is applied for promoting only the objects of the company and no dividend is paid to its members. Section 8 Companies are registered under the Companies Act, 2013. One Person Company An OPC is the legal structure of a company with only 1 person as a member Shareholder can make only 1 nominee, he shall become a shareholder in case of death/incapacity of the original stakeholder. Private Company A private company is the legal structure of a company which has the following characteristics: (i) Shareholders' right to transfer shares is restricted (ii) Minimum number of 2 members in the company (iii) Number of shareholders is limited to 200 (iv) An invitation to the public to subscribe to any shares or debentures or any type of security is prohibited. Public Company A public company is the legal structure of a company which has the following characteristics (i) Shareholders' right to transfer shares; is not restricted (ii) Minimum 7 members (iii) An invitation to the public to subscribe to any shares or debentures or any type of security is permitted. Producer Company According to Section 378A of the Companies Act, 2013, Producer Company means a body corporate having objects or activities specified in section 378B of the Companies Act, -2013 and registered as a Producer Company under the Companies Act, 2013 or under the Companies Act, 1956. The Companies Amendment Act, 2020 has introduced a separate Chapter (Section 378A to 378ZU) relating to Producer Companies under the Companies Act, 2013. Nidhi Companies A Nidhi company is the legal structure of a company in the Indian non-banking finance sector, recognized under section 406 of the Companies Act, 2013 their core business is borrowing and lending money between their members. They are also known as Permanent Funds, Benefit Funds, Mutual Benefit Funds and Mutual Benefit Companies. These companies are regulated under the Nidhi Rules, 2014 issued by the Ministry of Corporate affairs. Foreign Company As per section 2(42) of the Companies Act, 2013 the “foreign company” means any company or body corporate incorporated outside India which,- (i) has a place of business in India whether by itself or through an agent, physically or through electronic mode; and (ii) conducts any business activity in India in any other manner. Non-Banking Financial Company A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is the legal structure of a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 / 2013 engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of shares/ stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business but does not include any institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity, purchase or sale of any goods (other than securities) or providing any services and sale/purchase/construction of the immovable property. A non-banking institution which is a company and has the principal business of receiving deposits under any scheme or arrangement in one lump sum or in instalments by way of contributions or in any other manner is also a non-banking financial company. Listed Company “Listed company” means a legal structure of a company which has any of its securities listed on any recognised stock exchange; “Provided that such class of companies, which have listed or intend to list such class of securities, as may be prescribed in consultation with the Securities and Exchange Board, shall not be considered as listed companies.” As per Rule 2A of the Companies (Specification of definitions details) Rules, 2014 Companies are not to be considered as listed companies- For the purposes of the proviso to clause (52) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013, the following classes of companies shall not be considered as listed companies, namely:- a) Public companies which have not listed their equity shares on a recognized stock exchange but have listed their – (i) non-convertible debt securities issued on a private placement basis in terms of SEBI (Issue and Listing of Debt Securities) Regulations, 2008; or (ii) non-convertible redeemable preference shares issued on a private placement basis in terms of SEBI (Issue and Listing of Non-Convertible Redeemable Preference Shares) Regulations, 2013; or (iii) both categories of (i) and (ii) above. b) Private companies which have listed their non-convertible debt securities on a private placement basis on a recognized stock exchange in terms of SEBI (Issue and Listing of Debt Securities) Regulations, 2008; c) Public companies which have not listed their equity shares on a recognized stock exchange but whose equity shares are listed on a stock exchange in a jurisdiction as specified in Section 23(3) of the Companies Act, 2013. Government Company As per section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 the Government Company” is the legal structure of a company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company; Explanation.- For the purposes of this clause, the “paid-up share capital” shall be construed as “total voting power”, where shares with differential voting right.

Other Forms of Companies

Holding and Subsidiary Company As per section 2(46) of the Companies Act, 2013, the “holding company”, in relation to one or more other companies, means a company of which such companies are subsidiary companies and the expression “company” includes any body corporate. As per section 2(87) of the Companies Act, 2013 “subsidiary company” or “subsidiary”, in relation to any other company (that is to say the holding company), means a company in which the holding company – (i) controls the composition of the Board of Directors; or (ii) exercises or controls more than one-half of the total voting power either at its own or together with one or more of its subsidiary companies: Provided that such class or classes of holding companies as may be prescribed shall not have layers of subsidiaries beyond such numbers as may be prescribed. Explanation. - For the purposes of this clause, – (i) a company shall be deemed to be a subsidiary company of the holding company even if the control referred to in sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (ii) is of another subsidiary company of the holding company; (ii) the composition of a company’s Board of Directors shall be deemed to be controlled by another company if that other company by exercise of some power exercisable by it at its discretion can appoint or remove all or a majority of the directors; (iii) the expression “company” includes any body corporate; (iv) “layer” in relation to a holding company means its subsidiary or subsidiaries. As per section 2(11) of the Companies Act, 2013, the “body corporate” or “corporation” includes a company incorporated outside India, but does not include - (i) a co-operative society registered under any law relating to co-operative societies; and (ii) any other body corporate (not being a company as defined in this Act), which the Central Government may, by notification, specify on this behalf Associate Companies/ Joint Venture Company As per section 2(6) of the Companies Act, 2013 the “associate company”, in relation to another company, means a legal structure of a company in which that other company has a significant influence, but which is not a subsidiary company of the company having such influence and includes a joint venture company. Explanation. - For the purpose of this clause, – (i) the expression “significant influence” means control of at least twenty per cent. of total voting power, or control of or participation in business decisions under an agreement; (ii) the expression “joint venture” means a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. Investment Company The term "investment company” is the legal structure of a company that includes a company whose principal business is the acquisition of shares, debentures or other securities and a company will be deemed to be principally engaged in the business of acquisition of shares, debentures or other securities if its assets in the form of investment in shares, debentures or other securities constitute not less than fifty per cent. of its total assets, or if its income derived from investment business constitutes not less than fifty per cent. as a proportion of its gross income. Dormant Company It is covered under Section 455 of the Companies Act. 2013 and includes a company which is formed and registered under the Act for a future project or to hold an asset or intellectual property and which has not been carrying on any business or operation, or has not made any significant accounting transaction during the last two financial years, or has not filed financial statements and annual returns during the last two financial years. Small Company The MCA for the Ease of Doing Business has revised the definition of Small companies by increasing their threshold limits for paid-up capital from “not exceeding Rs. 50 Lakhs” to “not exceeding Rs. 2 Crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs. 2 Crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 20 Crore”. Thus, the definition of the small company under Section 2(85) read with Rule 2(1)(t) of the Companies (Specification of definitions Details) Rules, 2014 with effect from 1 April 2021 is hereunder: “Small Company” means a legal structure of a company, other than a public company, — (i) paid-up share capital of which does not exceed two crores rupees or a such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than ten crore rupees; and (ii) turnover of which as per profit and loss account for the immediately preceding financial year does not exceed twenty crore rupees or a such higher amount as may be prescribed which shall not be more than one hundred crore rupees: Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to— (A) a holding company or a subsidiary company; (B) a company registered under Section 8; or (C) a company or body corporate governed by any particular Act.

Factors for consideration before choosing a suitable type of business structure

Nature of Business Activity In small trading businesses, professions, and rendering of personal services, a sole proprietorship is predominant. The partnership is suitable in all those cases where sole proprietorship is suitable, provided the business is to be carried on a slightly bigger scale with help of one or more partners (owner). Similarly, the business lines such as carrying on large chain stores, multiple shops, super-bazaars, engineering industrial activities with high capital and working capital requirements and software industrial activities are generally in the form of companies. Where the persons intending to start a business and wish to launch a legal form of business organization clothed with a legal entity and in corporate form with a feature of having their sole ownership and control thereon, they may decide to form a One-Person Company (OPC). An alternative type of business structure where two or more persons are involved in starting a legal structure of the business organization is the Limited Liability Partnership (‘LLP’) under the Limited Liability Partnership Act, of 2008. Scale of Operations If the scale of operations of business activities is small, a sole proprietorship or a One Person Company (OPC) business entity type is suitable; If the scale of operations is modest - neither too small nor too large - partnership or limited liability partnership (LLP) is preferable; whereas, in case of the large scale of operations, the company form is advantageous. Capital Requirements Enterprises requiring heavy investment should be organized as companies. Read the full article

Absorbent Glass Mat Battery Market Report & Dynamic Forecast To 2031

Absorbent Glass Mat Battery Industry Participants

The major companies profiled in absorbent glass mat battery market report include Clarios, Exide Technologies, Universal Power Group, EnerSys, East Penn Manufacturing Company, Yusa Group, Flamm Energy Technology, Robert Bosch GmbH, Duracell, Johnson Controls, MK Battery, and Power Sonic Corporation.

North America is expected to exhibit CAGR of 5.0% during 2022-2031.

The absorbent glass mat battery market size was valued at $11.6 billion in 2021, and absorbent glass mat industry is estimated to reach $19.5 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2022 to 2031.

Download Report Sample (321 Pages PDF) @ https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/request-sample/31802

AGM or Absorbent Glass Mat is an advanced lead-acid battery that provides superior power to support the higher electrical demands of today's vehicles and start-stop applications. It is widely used in the automotive, military, UPS, energy storage, and other industries.

Rapidly growing demand for power from clean energy resources, increase in the sales of automotive vehicles which are used for transportation and material handling purpose have driven the demand for AGM battery market.

Increase in penetration of cloud computing and virtualization in the daily life has led to increase in the demand for datacenters.

AGM batteries are maintenance free alternative to traditional flooded lead-acid batteries. Their AGM batteries are used for newly manufactured cars for start-stop technology in cars.

The advantages of technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data center construction, and others technologies related with telecommunications have huge impact over the market growth.

Growth in investment toward renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, has led to increase in the demand for energy storage devices, which led to increase in the demand for absorbent glass mat battery market.

Growing concerns toward energy security coupled with cost saving potential is expected to positively compliment the adoption of absorbent glass mat battery during the forecast period.

APAC is growing rapidly with the increasing adoption of energy storage solutions for industrial, automotive, and other applications. Also, renewable energy integration in countries such as India and China is an additional factor fueling the market growth in APAC.

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North America holds a significant market share in the said market. Increase in usage of automotive vehicles catering to all powering needs, presence of key market players in the U.S., and increase in installation of AGM batteries for renewable energy applications are the key factors driving the market in this region.

Marine applications such as powerboats, personal watercrafts, yachts and heavy marine house power primarily comprises AGM battery systems.

By voltage range, 2-4 volts was the leading segment in 2021.

By end-use, OEM segment occupies 65.3% of total market share in 2021.

By application, UPS segment has largest market share in 2021.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted the market in the first half of 2020 credited to the closure of manufacturing plants during the lockdown period. Due to social distancing and WFH norms across the world, the residential sector observed high installation demand for uninterrupted power source (UPS) systems.

Browse Complete Report @ https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/absorbent-glass-mat-battery-market-A31352

Post pandemic crisis, the government of various countries across the globe has invested in the renewable power generation such as solar power plant, which has increased the demand for absorbent glass mat battery through energy storage devices.

About Us

Allied Market Research (AMR) is a full-service market research and business-consulting wing of Allied Analytics LLP based in Portland, Oregon. Allied Market Research provides global enterprises as well as medium and small businesses with unmatched quality of "Market Research Reports" and "Business Intelligence Solutions." AMR has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain.

Pawan Kumar, the CEO of Allied Market Research, is leading the organization toward providing high-quality data and insights. We are in professional corporate relations with various companies and this helps us in digging out market data that helps us generate accurate research data tables and confirms utmost accuracy in our market forecasting. Each and every data presented in the reports published by us is extracted through primary interviews with top officials from leading companies of domain concerned. Our secondary data procurement methodology includes deep online and offline research and discussion with knowledgeable professionals and analysts in the industry.

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Annual Compliance Filed By An LLP | Ebizfiling

Introduction

 All Limited Liability Partnerships (LLP) that are registered in India must comply with certain annual compliances that are specified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). An LLP should also comply with the requirement of Income Tax Filings and the Registrar of Companies (ROC). In this blog, we will discuss all the required annual compliance filed by LLP.

 What Limited Liability Partnership?

 An LLP is a hybrid form of business entity. The partners of an LLP enjoy the benefits of limited liability like companies and the flexibility of a partnership. It is governed by the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008. The existence of an LLP cannot be affected from the death or removal of any partner. Every year an LLP needs to comply with LLP Annual filing.

 Important note- It should be noted that an LLPs whose annual turnover is at least Rs. 40 lakhs or contributions is at least Rs. 25 lakhs are obliged to get their financial records audited.

 Penalties for non-compliance

 If an LLP fails to comply with annual compliances, then they will be liable to pay penalties. If there is a delay in filing Form 8 and 11, they will have to pay the penalty of Rs. 100 per day for the default. No LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) can close wind up until they file annual accounts.

 Wrap-up

 It is the duty of the Designated Partners of an LLP to maintain a proper book of accounts and file an annual return with the MCA every financial year. Hence it is advisable that you should file Form 8, Form 11, and other forms before the due dates to avoid paying penalties.

SIMPLICITY WITH CREATIVITY IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS

Creative Banner Design

You need a strategy to compete in this creative world with other innovative ideas.

· Select a picture to represent your company’s objectives.

· Adding eye-catching pictures will improve your banner.

· Try out different photo effects.

· Play with text block overlays.

· Use graphics, text, and photos to create layers.

· Include a photo collage to add more context.

· Keep it straightforward but eye-catching with a minimalist style.

· Investigate interesting visual possibilities.

· Make a banner that features your company’s logo, tagline, or motto.

· With a self-portrait, you may introduce yourself to your audience.

· Make use of eye-catching hues.

· Play around with contrasting hues.

· Use icons as your imagery.

· Select powerful, bold fonts.

· Use text effects to make a statement.

· Play around with unusual typefaces.

· In order to provide a dynamic effect, use repetition and variation.

· Include a quotation in your banner design.

Luxury Brand Management

Luxury brand managementis all about understanding the link between the brand and its target market and using creativity, innovation, and product design to draw in and keep customers. Simply said, it depends on your ability to design memorable experiences. Students who choose to major in luxury brand management frequently wind up working in important brand decision-making. They can also tell which items in a lot are weaker.As a result, the brand can improve its brand strategy. With the introduction of social media, communication has undergone a revolution, with businesses utilising innovative platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram to forge powerful global networks. According to current trends, the luxury sector has undergone a significant transformation as new brands seek out marketing specialists.

When we discuss a “luxury” brand, we don’t just mean the product itself; we also mean the excellence, background, and tradition that go with it. Through high-quality goods and services, businesses hope to provide their customers with higher significance and intangible benefits.Consequently, there is a rising need for experts in luxury brand management.

Popular Universities

· ESSEC Business School

· Columbia University

· SDA Bocconi School of Management

· NYU — Stern School of Business

· Neoma Business School

· University of Lincoln

Graphic Design Company in India

· Quick Radius

· Incrementors Web Solutions

· Tvisha Technologies Pvt LTD

· WebClues Global

· Cart Geek

· KrishaWeb Technologies

· Akuna Technologies

· SAM WEB STUDIO a Division of SIMEQ TECHNOLOGIES LLP

· UXReactor

· Arowa Webtech

Branding Agency in Bangalore

· Epsilon India

· Meraki Creative

· Rajneethi

· Invincible Lion

· Vidpro

· MintM

· First Launch

· GreedyGame

· Roloway Advertising

· MindblueLLP

Submersible Solar Pump Market to Scale New Heights as Market Players Focus on Innovations 2022 – 2027

Latest business intelligence report released on Global Submersible Solar Pump Market, covers different industry elements and growth inclinations that helps in predicting market forecast. The report allows complete assessment of current and future scenario scaling top to bottom investigation about the market size, % share of key and emerging segment, major development, and technological advancements. Also, the statistical survey elaborates detailed commentary on changing market dynamics that includes market growth drivers, roadblocks and challenges, future opportunities, and influencing trends to better understand Submersible Solar Pump market outlook. List of Key Players Profiled in the study includes market overview, business strategies, financials, Development activities, Market Share and SWOT analysis are

TATA Power Supply (India)

Dankoff Solar Pumps (United States)

Grundfos (Denmark)

Jain Irrigation Systems (India)

Lorentz (Germany)

Bright Solar Limited (India)

The Flowserve Corporation (United States)

SINES Export (Germany)

Northern Arizona Wind & Sun (United States)

Alternative Energy Store (United States)

Solar submersible water pumps are designed for drinking water supply, livestock watering, pond management, and irrigation applications to deliver water economically, cleanly, and reliably. These are diesel-powered pumps highly required in areas where electricity connection is difficult. The solar submersible pumping systems are ranging from 150 W to 25 kW, and meeting needs from irrigations, livestock, and fish farming, and water supply applications. Submersible Solar Pumps lift up to 650 feet and fit in a 4" or larger well casing and are used when the water supply is more than 20 feet from the surface. Submersible solar pumps operate directly off solar panels, batteries, or in some cases, an AC power source. These Solar Pump is power derived from sunlight and converted to electrical power by Solar Photo Voltaic modules. Key Market Trends: High Adoption for Rural Regions, Low Maintenance Cost Opportunities: Increasing Government Subsidies to Farmers

Rising Adoption of Precision Agriculture and Sustainable Practices

Market Growth Drivers: Rising Cost of Diesel and Electricity

Increasing Demand for Power and Safe Drinking Water

Increasing Fuel Price and Unreliable Electricity Supply

Challenges: Fewer Technology Advancements The Global Submersible Solar Pump Market segments and Market Data Break Down 28148

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AMA Research & Media LLP

What is a Limited Liability Partnership- leintelligensia

The LLP was launched in India via the “Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008”. The main advantage of a “Limited Liability Partnership” is that one partner is not liable for the misconduct or negligence of another partner. The LLP is preferred by Professionals, micro and small businesses which are family-owned or closely held.

A limited Liability partnership offers the benefit of “limited liability” to its owners and at the same time, it requires very minimal maintenance. The owners of a “Private limited company” have limited liability to their creditors. And in the case of a default, banks/creditors can only sell the assets of the company, not the personal assets of the directors.

An LLP also provides “limited liability protection” to the owners from the debts of the LLP. Accordingly, all partners in an LLP enjoy the benefit of limited liability within the partnership.

LLP Registration can be done through “LegalRaasta”, which has offices in Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai and all other Indian cities.

Eligibility to register a Limited Liability Partnership

At least 2 partners are required

At least 2 designated partners are required

Office location should be within the territory of India

Why Should You Choose An LLP?

It provides “dual advantages” of both a “Company and a Partnership”.

No partner will be responsible for any kind of mischief by the other partner.

Cheaper to incorporate than a “Private limited company”.

Limits the liability of its partners.

It works as a separate legal entity and owns the property of its name.

No minimum share capital is required.

It operates as a separate legal entity and owns the property in the firm name.

It just has fewer compliances and does not have to follow any government rules other than the rules and regulations mentioned in the LLP contract.

Documents required for registration of a limited liability partnership

Aadhar card of the partners

PAN Card of the partners

Passport size photo of the partners

Current Bank Statement of the partners

LLP agreement

Rental agreement of the entity

No Objection Certificate from the owner

Utility bills of the entity

LLP Agreement

LLP agreement is a necessary document for incorporating the limited liability partnership firm. It serves as a legal document which contains all the important points and basic details.

The necessary points which should be mentioned in the agreement are basic details of the partners and the firm, the contribution of partners, rights and privileges of partners, the responsibility of partners, limitations, the liability of partners, legislation meetings, addition and retirement of partners, wind up rules, loan details, sharing a percentage of asset and liability of partners and other necessary details.

Procedure for registering a Limited Liability Partnership:

Digital Signature Certificate:

Digital signature is an encoded electronic signature equivalent to physical documents (driving license) provided by the Government of India.

It has been shortly known as DSC. It prevents the forgery of signatures. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has administered and issued the digital signature.

Designated Partner Identification Number (DPIN)

The person who intends to become a Designated Partner of the Limited Liability Partnership company should obtain the Designated Partner Identification Number.

It serves as the identity of the designated partners and helps to track them.  It has been issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.

Name Approval

The name approval by the Registrar of companies is  a must because, according to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, the limited liability partnership firm should have a unique name.

After that,  you can apply for the registration of the limited liability company.

Incorporation of LLP

After you have completed all the steps and received the name approval. Log in to the official portal and fill in Form 2. Submit the required documents and pay the necessary fee.

You can obtain a registration certificate within 14 working days. You must submit the LLP agreement to the Registrars of Companies (ROC) within 30 days from the registration date.

What is included in our LLP registration package?

DPIN for 2 Partners

Digital Signature For 2 Partners

Name search and approval

LLP Agreement

ROC Fees and Pan Card

Free accounting software and GST filing

Now you would have understood more about this topic. Thanks for reading the entire Article. Keep sharing this article to your friends who are in business or about to start their own Business. leintelligensia

Cotton Buds Making Business

The cotton swab making machine business is rapidly progressing in India. Cotton is the staple fiber made from the natural fibers of cotton plants. The cotton made from the genus Gossypium is primarily composed of cellulose, which is an insoluble organic compound that is a soft and fluffy material. Cotton is the most important fiber crop, which provides the basic raw material to the cotton textile industry. Cotton is grown in tropic and sub-tropic parts and requires uniformly high temperature and is a Kharif crop; it is sown and harvested in different parts of India depending upon the climatic conditions.

China, the USA, and India are the world’s major cotton-producing countries, accounting for about 60% of the world’s production. China alone consumes around 40% of the world’s cotton, and it is a significant export revenue source for major cotton-producing countries of the world.

Cotton is cultivated around 117 lakh hectares in India and accounts for about 37.5% of the global cotton area, and contributes to 26% of the global cotton production. Cotton holds an essential place in the Indian textile mills, and it is used as a primary raw material of India. Cotton provides livelihood to around 60 million people of India by means of cotton cultivation, processing, marketing, and exports.

Cotton buds are the most common item which is used for cleaning the ear, first-aid, cosmetic application, cleaning, and arts and crafts. The cotton buds are composed of small wads of cotton which are wrapped around a rod made of wood, paper, or plastic. The cotton buds were developed in 1923 by a Polish-American Loe Gerstenzang which later became the most widely sold brand name of cotton swabs.

The cotton bud with a single tip on a wooden handle is mostly used in medical settings and is the traditional cotton buds. The cotton buds used for domestic purposes are usually short, about 3 inches long, and double-tipped. Traditionally, the handles of the cotton buds were made of woods while later it was made of the rolled paper and sold in large quantities. The cotton buds are available in a wide variety of colors, such as blue, pink, or green. The manufacturing of the test swabs in a record time of seven days is a dream come true under the ”Make in India” initiative which has conceptualized the production and provided employment to so many unemployed people in India.

The cotton buds are most commonly used for cleaning the ear by removing earwax.  The cotton buds are used for domestic purposes such as cleaning and arts and crafts purposes. The medical buds are used to take microbiological cultures which are usually rubbed into the affected area and wiped where the bacteria grows across the culture medium. They can also be used to apply medicines to selective areas targeting to remove substances or clean them. They can be used as an applicator for applying cosmetics, ointments, or other substances.

The cotton buds are also used to take the DNA samples by scraping cells from the inner cheek in the case of humans. The cotton swabs are also often used in the construction of the plastic model kits while paintings. They are also frequently used for cleaning the laser diode lens of an optical drive in conjunction with rubbing alcohol. In addition to his, they are used to clear the large parts of the computer such as video cards and fans and also used widely to clean video games cartridges in the past.

With so many uses, the demand for cotton buds in the market is growing at a rapid rate and is an essential tool for the healthcare of all individuals irrespective of age, race, culture, or religion, etc. keeping this in mind, the idea to start the automatic cotton swab making machine business is a golden opportunity for the young and aspiring entrepreneurs.

With the increased diversity of product ranges from adult-centric to baby and child-centric and increased popularity of cotton buds in the modern as well as in traditional retailing has increased the sales of the cotton buds to grow. With the rising demand, the locally produced cotton buds have become popular across rural India. it has also become popular in small as well as in metropolitan cities because of the availability of the cotton buds at a much lower price as compared to the branded products have been a key focus for the small manufacturers in India. Therefore, it is an ideal business for employing in the Rural areas as well as it will promote the ‘Make in India” initiative of the Modi Government.

The Government of India is promoting all the manufacturing units, especially in the areas where China enjoys a big share in the global market. The government to achieve the Atma Nirbhar Bharat is pushing the exports by giving various aids to the small and marginal businessmen and it aims to reduce the dependency of the country on the imported goods.

The government through various joint ventures and supporting the local businesses is expanding India’s share in the global market. Keeping this in mind, the government has announced various production-linked incentives for manufacturing the earbuds. This is a great opportunity for Indian earbuds manufacturers to raise their business. It is a big step towards making India self-reliant and manufactures their products. Almost 260 schemes are contracted by the Tri-services at an approximate cost of Rs. 3.5 lakh crores and with the latest embargo on the import of 101 items, the contracts worth Rs 1, 30,000 crore is expected to be placed upon the domestic industries in India.

Registration:- To start the buds manufacturing business in India, the first and foremost thing is the registration of your firm either as a proprietorship company or as a partnership firm. One must register the company as a Proprietorship firm if he has to start his buds manufacturing business as One Person company. To start a partnership firm, one must get registered with the Registrar of companies (ROC) and register as a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) or the Private Limited Company.

GST Registration:- To start a business, it is now mandatory for any business to obtain a GST number, tax identification number, and an insurance certificate.

License for Trade:- Trade license is very important to be acquired to start a buds manufacturing business. It can be obtained from the local bodies of the respective states.

MSME or SSI Registration:- To avail of the government schemes and benefits, one must obtain the MSME or SSI registration. This will help the businessman to receive all the governmental benefits arising from various schemes.

Trademark:- It is required to make sure to register the buds manufacturing business with the trademark which will help in protecting the brand name.

Before starting a semi automatic cotton swab making machine business, one has to make sure to select the proper machines which are proper for operations suitable for your business.

Following are the description of machines used in the cotton buds making business-

Automatic Cotton Swab Packing Machine : –

The automatic cotton bud making machine is the machine that uses the computer PLC process control and warm wind drying technology is used to help to absorb the coating layer. The microcomputer servo motor aids feed the cotton layer and wrap the absorbent material. In this technology, there is no requirement for a different packaging machine separately.

Spindle Fabrication Machine : –

The paper spindles are processed with the help of a dyeing cutting machine from a heavy grade paper and then a thin layered paper is rolled around it to make it light. While a wooden spindle is developed with the help of a lathe machine process. The plastic spindle is made from the extrusion molding process machine, where the plastic is melted and extruded through a die and sent to a hopper machine.

Packaging Machine : –

The cotton buds are sent through the packaging wheels where the buds are rolled with the pouch. A sensor is attached to the packaging wheel which counts the buds and places them into the packaging bag which is packed with the packaging wheel.

The automatic cotton swab packing machine does not require a lot of space for its operation and it can be started from home. Anyone can start the business even from home this will reduce the cost of investment. The cotton buds making business has the potential to give a good place in the market by becoming a high profit earning business in a short period. With the increased demand for cotton buds, the business is very ideal for start-ups and young entrepreneurs.

In the times like this where the pandemic has left no nation in a mess, India has started the manufacturing of indigenous swabs or cotton buds for the testing of Covid-19. A Mumbai based Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) and Tulips has got a green signal from the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute for Virology in Pune. These firms have started manufacturing the polyester-spun swabs which are way cheaper than the imported swabs from the US and China. This has helped various small and indigenous manufactures to retain their livelihood and it has also resulted in producing cheaper testing kits at an affordable price.

We Indians have in reality converted the deadly pandemic into an opportunity and the government through various initiatives has been aiding the cotton buds making business. The government is also being aided by various Non-governmental Organisations like Aatmnirbhar Sena is working very hard to provide finances and cheap credit to aspiring and innovative minds and fulfilling their dream of starting the business.

Therefore, the growth and development of cotton and cotton made products has a vital role in the overall development of the Indian economy.

UGC NET Commerce Books, Question Paper, Free Study Material, MCQ

UGC NET Commerce Books, Question Paper, Free Study Material, MCQ The National Eligibility Test, also known as UGC NET or NTA-UGC-NET, is the test for determining the eligibility for the post of Assistant Professor and/or Junior Research Fellowship award in Indian universities and colleges. UGC NET is considered as one of the toughest exams in India, with success ratio of merely 6%. UGC NET Commerce Question Paper and MCQs Buy the question bank or online quiz of UGC NET Commerce Exam Going through the UGC NET Commerce Exam Question Bank is a must for aspirants to both understand the exam structure as well as be well prepared to attempt the exam. The first step towards both preparation as well as revision is to practice from UGC NET Commerce Exam with the help of Question Bank or Online quiz. We will provide you the questions with detailed answer. UGC NET Commerce Question Paper and MCQs : Available Now UGC NET Commerce Free Study Material : Click Here UGC NET Commerce Books : Click Here UGC NET Commerce Syllabus Unit 1 – Business Environment and International Business Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business, Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy, Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy, Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP, Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD, World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2 – Accounting and Auditing Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates, Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms, Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies, Holding company accounts, Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT, Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis, Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting, Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS, Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit, Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3 – Business Economics Meaning and scope of business economics, Objectives of business firms, Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR, Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis, Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale, Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves, Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination, Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4 – Business Finance Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing, Cost of capital and time value of money, Capital structure, Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis, Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies, Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization, International monetary system, Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques, International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs, International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5 – Business Statistics and Research Methods Measures of central tendency, Measures of dispersion, Measures of skewness, Correlation and regression of two variables, Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem, Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions, Research: Concept and types; Research designs, Data: Collection and classification of data, Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling – probability and nonprobability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation, Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test, Report writing Unit 6 – Business Management and Human Resource Management Principles and functions of management, Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control, Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories, Corporate governance and business ethics, Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning, Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits, Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal, Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management, Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management, Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7 – Banking and Financial Institutions Overview of Indian financial system, Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks, Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management, Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management, Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market, Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds, Financial Regulators in India, Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion, Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems, Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role. Unit 8 – Marketing Management Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning, Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development, Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies, Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods – Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix, Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management, Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions, Service marketing, Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM, Logistics management. Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts, Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency, Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments, The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company, Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India, The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions, The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties, The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property, Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST. Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes, International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing, Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations, Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns. NTA UGC NET Commerce Exam Pattern 2020 1. Paper I : It consists of 50 questions from UGC NET teaching & research aptitude exam (general paper), which you have to attempt in 1 hour. 2. Paper II : The UGC Commerce exam (paper 2) will have 100 questions and the total duration will be two hours. Each question carries 2 marks, so the exam will be worth 200 marks. Read below to know the pattern of NET Commerce examination (part II). Exam HighlightsDetails Test Duration120 minutes Total Questions100 Marks per question2 Total Marks200 Negative MarkingN/A Free Mock Test UGC NET Commerce : Click Here Online Test Series UGC NET Commerce : Click Here #UGCNETCommerce #UGCNETCommerce2020 #UGCNETCommerceExam #FreeTestSeries #QuestionsBank #UGCNETCommerceSyllabus #OnlineTestSeries #OnlineMockTest #ImportantQuestionPaper #ImportantQuestion

Private Limited Company Registration in India- Advantages and Disadvantages

Private Limited Company Registration

  Private limited company registration is one of the most popular forms of entity registration in India.

 In this write up, we would be discussing about some of the advantages and shortcomings of the private limited company registration in India.

 Some advantages of private limited company registration

 1)      Liability of its members are limited

 As the name suggests, in case of private limited companies, the liability of its members or shareholders are limited to number of shares held in the company. Therefore, in case of any unforeseen circumstances, if the company defaults, the members would be liable to pay on the behalf of the company only up to the amount of capital held by them. In case of partnership, each partner is fully liable to pay in case of any default by the partnership firms.

 2)      Start-up India Scheme

 The benefits of startup India scheme are available to private limited companies, Limited Liability partnerships and firms. Accordingly, it is suitable for registration under such schemes

 3)      Investor friendly

 These entities are preferred by the investors for making investments like angel investors, venture capitalists, private equity investors etc. This makes it most popular form of entity registration as compared to other entities like partnership firms and LLPs

 4)      Low taxes

 Another benefit of private limited companies are that they are taxed at low rates of 15%/22% and 25% depending upon nature of business they are engaged in whereas LLPs and partnership firms are taxed at 30%

 5)      Foreign company registration

 Foreign companies opting for setting up business in India looks for incorporation of wholly owned subsidiary and private limited companies are suitable for such form of entities. Accordingly, they are preferred mode for subsidiary company registration in India.

  6)      Ease of operations

 The process of company registration is online without any physical interface. Further, all the changes like addition of new director or retirement of director or change in name or objects clause etc. can be done online. This makes the entire process quite smooth and easy.

 7)      Brand and Credibility

 It enjoys brand as compare to other forms of entity. Also, since it is subject to yearly statutory audits, it has more credibility before investors, bankers and outside parties

  Some disadvantages or shortcomings of Private Limited Company

 Although there are many advantages of private limited company registration as mentioned above, however, there are some shortcomings or disadvantages as mentioned below:

 a)      Compliance cost are relatively higher

 Since private limited companies are subject to yearly statutory audits and ROC compliances, its compliance costs are relatively higher as compared to other forms of entities. However, since these companies are subject to such audits, they have better credibility and authenticity in the eyes of outside users like bankers, investors etc and they can easily avail loans and other funding as compare to other entities.

 b)     Closure of winding up of private limited companies

 Companies with no transactions or limited assets can be easily wound up or closed. However, companies having large asset base or accumulated reserves cannot be easily wound up and it is time consuming process as well as quite expensive too.

 Thus, from the foregoing it may be concluded that private limited company registration has many advantages due to which it has become one of the most preferred mode of company registration in India.