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#well it's neurotransmitter-adjacent at least
commodorecliche · 1 year
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istg i have never seen a supplement more misunderstood than melatonin, like folks straight up do NOT understand what it is, how it works, or what it’s good for....
#like it literally does not do what folks seem to believe it does#i just saw a post where the OP made a silly/goofy post - in the Little German Boy format#and the OP later did a funny reblog that said 'don't double up on your melatonin'#implying that... idk... that taking two doses is gunna make you crazy loopy and make you make Silly-Billy Tumblr Posts?#shut up#literally not how it works#melatonin is not a fucking sleeping pill y'all#stop acting like it's the equivalent of ambien#also STOP TAKING MELATONIN LONG TERM#like if your circadian rhythm is messed up you should take melatonin for a few weeks#to get things back on track - that's why it's so helpful for jet lag#it's a REGULATORY neurotransmitter#well it's neurotransmitter-adjacent at least#technically it's a hormone but whatevs#it REGULATES your circadian rhythm#you don't pop one and get totally crazy or weird or knocked out#whatever loopy effects you might have experienced are likely just placebo#you expect it to make you loopy cause that's what everyone says it does#so you perceive being loopy#and you need to take it in short stents#taking it long term can mess with your sleep cycle#also nightmares#there's some evidence of long-term melatonin usage (higher doses) being somewhat associated with increased frequency of nightmares#also other side effects can happen with long term usage#nausea vomiting poor sleep etc....#sorry i'm just venting#this is just... one of my pet peeves#there isn't even good evidence in the literature supporting melatonin for insomnia#it's honestly best for jet lag#and a few other specific sleep conditions involving disregulation of circadian rhythm
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meditationnearme · 3 years
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Is This Crazy New Treatment The Cure To Your Insomnia? - how do you reduce stress
NuCalm promotes itself as neuroscience-backed tension and sleep technology. In practice, though, it simply helped me nap. I recently awakened from a delightful 20-minute nap. Really, it was more of a 10-minute half-nap half-trance, preceded by ideas of what I required to accomplish today that slowly liquified into the types of non-sequitur visions that take place because earliest phase of sleep.
In some way, this was rejuvenating. For the last week, I have actually been checking out the NuCalm system. According to its website, NuCalm is "the world's only trademarked neuroscience innovation clinically shown to deal with stress and improve sleep quality without drugs." It includes a neuroacoustic software application app utilized for 20- to 120-minute increments, an eye mask and the abovementioned processing discs, and in practice includes listening to ambient, cinematic sounds (comparable to this) with your eyes closed and a sticker label stuck to your inner arm.
Each of the elements are designed to set off the body's parasympathetic nervous system, which aids with recovery and relaxation. The disc is created to launch gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter that inhibits cortisol and adrenaline. With this and the app, NuCalm halts your body's tension action and therefore the mental and physical toll tension can handle the body.
military, 49 sports teams and in over a million surgical treatments. Some dental offices even utilize it for clients who hesitate of the dental expert. NuCalm's 'bio-signal processing disc' Although the product is touted as a way of possibly healing the body from injury, addiction and physical concerns, it appears predominately useful for relaxation and anxiety.
By this procedure, my use of NuCalm was a success: After my 20-minute session this afternoon, I certainly felt far more refreshed and awake. While a few of my sessions kept me conscious the whole time, I at least felt a bit more relaxed than previously. At the start, I 'd believed I was supposed to treat the session like a meditation, preventing letting my ideas roam.
Why I was so focused upon events of this age during my session is a secret to me, but regardless, I think I still dropped off to sleep for about five minutes. Unusually enough, a FAQ section of the app states that memory recollection is a typical characteristic of "theta brainwave variety," and that recalling memories in this phase allows you to dissociate negative feelings from them.
Overall, NuCalm did enable me to take best little afternoon naps in a structured method. I am decent at sleeping as it is, but I do believe something about NuCalm, whether it be the discs or the noises or the timer, made those naps more effective than usual. One glaring problem with NuCalm, nevertheless, is its rate.
Perhaps as I keep utilizing it, I'll find that this is a totally reasonable expense for the advantage of much better relaxation, health and sleep. At this moment, however, I 'd pay possibly $10 a month. The app likewise requires some major upgrading, as it presently only uses 3 various session types (recharge, reboot and rescue) at differing lengths and with a rather cumbersome layout.
Instead, it feels rudimentary, with lesser parts of the app like the post-session debriefing FAQ totally nonfunctional. I have actually taken some fantastic naps this last week, and I'll keep utilizing NuCalm for this function. It's a nearly simple and easy way of fitting 20 minutes of pure relaxation into my day. Whether those bio-signalling dics do anything, I'm still suspicious in addition to a cleaner app, I 'd need to get a bit more trust in the science to pay $60 a month.
Magdalene Taylor is a junior staff writer at MEL, where she began working two weeks after finishing college. Her work is a mix of cultural analysis and service, covering whatever from reconsiderations of low-brow hits like Joe Dirt and Nickelback to modern disability issues, OnlyFans and the kinds of small concerns about life like why baby carrots are so wet.
According to the company, thirty minutes of NuCalm is equal to 2 to 3 hours of corrective sleep. The NuCalm website boasts that the de-stressing treatment takes simply 2 minutes to administer and less than 5 minutes to accomplish its effects, making it the extremely meaning of a quick repair.
With its sleek website and claims of high-tech, borderline-magic outcomes, I half expected my NuCalm experience to occur in the literal future or, at really least, a center that reeked of sci-fi vibes. I believe I was imagining a workplace that looked like the ship from Passengers and a large set-up reminiscent of the memory-implanting tech from Total Remember or possibly even a coffin-like pod directly out of The Fifth Component.
My NuCalm treatment was not administered on the set of a motion picture, but it also wasn't administered in a dental expert's workplace. On the early morning of my visit, I drove across Los Angeles to Santa Monica to the workplaces of an authentic medical professional to the stars, whose Hollywood customers includes starlets, authors and motivational masters, and who boasts know-how in energy medication, integrative medication and bioidentical hormone replacement treatment.
Rather, my NuCalm experience began in a (actively) dimly lit waiting room that looked more like the living-room of an eccentric, well-traveled college professor than a medical center. The doctor was fashionably late not with another patient, simply in getting to the office. While the tardiness might usually have actually frustrated me, here, it appeared like part of the experience, almost like a sneak peek of the outcomes of the high-tech treatment that awaited me.
Throughout a quick consultation, the physician discussed the NuCalm procedure and summarized the science behind it (more on that later). The gist of the system, I learned, was this: I would chew a tablet of gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or -aminobutyric acid (or GABA, for short), a repressive neurotransmitter suggested to decrease activity in my nerve system.
I would listen, through headphones, to binaural beat music music with two various balanced pulses that activates Alpha and Theta brain waves, which are connected with the very first stage of deep sleep and meditation. Likewise, I would be blindfolded. And, in Doc Hollywood's workplace, I would do all of this while lying on a waterbed although the waterbed, I learned, is not a standard or needed element of the treatment.
I was led to a small exam space (or, possibly, a large closet), where I was offered a big GABA tablet and told to chew but not swallow it while the medical professional marked time the binaural beats and connected the Biosignal Processing Disc to my wrist. Lastly, after what seemed like a much longer duration of time than it possibly could have been, I was informed to swallow the GABA vitamin sludge, which had the artificially sweet, fruity taste and distinctly milky taste and texture of Flinstones vitamins that are a couple of months past their expiration date.
The NuCalm treatment itself was completely pleasant. The music was calming but interesting (I've since registered for a binaural beats playlist on Spotify bless the web). The milky, orange-adjacent taste of the GABA tablet didn't remain in a particularly noticeable way. And the waterbed was warmed, that made for a relaxing place to lie down and rest.
What am I doing incorrect? Why don't I feel calm? If science can't make me chill TF out, am I just a lost cause? Perhaps if I do a body scan, I'll be able to feel the results. That's a good concept. I'm going to do a body scan. This will resemble mindfulness on steroids orange-flavored, healthy steroids.
I am broken. I was wrong. It was not practically over. Maybe it's the kind of thing you can't feel in the moment, however I'll observe a substantial distinction when it's over. I have a lot work to do. Stop thinking of work and being stressed. That beats the entire purpose.
I asked how typically he advised that individuals come in for NuCalm treatments and he stated that it differs, but that some individuals "need it daily." I couldn't help however think, based on my experience and the lack of concrete outcomes, that that appeared excessive. He handed me some research study further discussing the science behind NuCalm prior to rushing off to his next appointment, and I left sensation disappointed and a little anxious about my failure to feel less distressed through the treatment.
For the record, it's not. I discovered the experience to be a little New Age-y in practice, however the system really is based in science. Drawing from neuroscience research into the patterns the brain goes through throughout natural periods of relaxation, every component of NuCalm is created to simulate that process and prompt a stressed brain to switch gears to a more relaxed state.
NuCalm works specifically on the body's inhibitory system, the GABAergic system. This gadget is bio-mimetic in that it resets the naturally taking place negative feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which when properly functioning is expected to shut down and stop releasing cortisol from the adrenal glands after the end of a stressful occasion.
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Individuals in this state are physically not able to have a distressed reaction. Within moments of application, users will start to feel remedy for the 'fight-or-flight' considerate nervous system action and their tension hormonal agent (cortisol) levels will start to decline as the HPA axis is hindered." Here's a quick breakdown of the science behind each phase of the NuCalm process.
It's really the primary repressive neurotransmitter system in brain circuits. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid is a relaxation neurotransmitter that the body produces naturally when we're preparing yourself to sleep, so the strategy of utilizing GABA supplements to signify the brain that it's time to relax makes good sense. What's not completely clear, nevertheless, is how effective oral GABA supplements remain in triggering those advantages.
While some studies have actually revealed that GABA can cross the blood-brain barrier, others have shown the opposite, suggesting a possible placebo result behind perceived benefits of the supplements. Researchers agree that more research is needed to figure out how useful GABA supplements really are. According to NuCalm's website, the disc "simplifies the process of triggering the parasympathetic worried system, by tapping into the body's Pericardium Meridian with specific electromagnetic (EM) frequencies." The disc (which, again, was a round sticker, about the size of a quarter, that was used to the within of my wrist) was, undoubtedly, my greatest source of apprehension at the same time, and NuCalm's official explanation of the science behind it highlights the most Brand-new Age-y vibes of the company.
It is hypothesized that if you can restore the frequencies that take a trip through the Meridians you can reinstate ideal physiology. Each NuCalm disc holds the EM frequency patterns of GABA and its precursors to provide a pure biological signal to your body. When put on the within your left wrist, at your Pericardium-6 acupuncture point, the disc sends a signal to the pericardium of your heart to trigger regional parasympathetic nerve fibers, which then transfer the signal to your brain telling it to increase vagal nerve output and start the process of decreasing the body.
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In 2017, Gwyneth Paltrow's GOOP promoted a $120 brand name of bio-frequency stickers, leading to a short-lived viral moment for the tech. Sadly for proponents of the devices, the action wasn't fantastic, with Mark Shelhamer, previous chief scientist at NASA's human research division, significantly decrying the GOOP-endorsed product as "snake oil." Although the NuCalm site describes that "each disc holds the electromagnetic frequency patterns of GABA and its precursors to provide a pure biosignal to your body," it's unclear exactly how putting the sticker on your wrist sets off that shipment.
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newstfionline · 3 years
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Saturday, July 10, 2021
Billionaire Blastoff (AP) Two billionaires are putting everything on the line this month to ride their own rockets into space. Virgin Galactic’s Richard Branson is due to take off Sunday from New Mexico, launching with two pilots and three other employees aboard a rocket plane carried aloft by a double-fuselage aircraft. Blue Origin’s Jeff Bezos departs nine days later from West Texas, blasting off in a fully automated capsule with three guests: his brother, an 82-year-old female aviation pioneer who’s waited six decades for a shot at space and the winner of a $28 million charity auction. They will go 55 miles to 66 miles (88 kilometers to 106 kilometers) up.
Severe heat wave builds across Western U.S. after nation’s hottest June on record (Washington Post) Last week, a “thousand-year” heat wave baked the Pacific Northwest and adjacent British Columbia with widespread highs topping 100 degrees, resulting in a death toll in the hundreds. Lytton, Canada, climbed to 121 degrees and established new national records three days in a row before the town burned in heat-intensified wildfires. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced Friday that the heat wave helped the United States clinch its hottest June on record. Eight states had their hottest Junes, including Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah. These four states are at the heart of yet another heat wave developing in the West that could challenge records and bring dangerously hot temperatures. It will mark the third punishing heat wave in the West this summer, including last week’s in the Pacific Northwest and a record-breaking event in mid-June. This heat wave will not likely be as extreme as the event in the Pacific Northwest, but temperatures could challenge all-time highs around Las Vegas, Redding, Calif., and Sacramento and a few other places between California’s Central Valley and southern Nevada.
Political Crisis in Haiti Deepens Over Rival Claims to Power (NYT) The political storm in Haiti intensified on Thursday as two competing prime ministers claimed the right to run the country, setting up an extraordinary power struggle over who had the legal authority to govern after the brazen assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in his home the day before. Haiti’s interim prime minister, Claude Joseph, says he has taken command of the police and the army, declaring a “state of siege” that essentially put the country under martial law. But constitutional experts questioned his right to impose it, and his claim to power was quickly challenged by a rival. Two days before his death, Mr. Moïse had appointed a new prime minister, Ariel Henry, a neurosurgeon who was supposed to take up the role this week and told a local newspaper that he was the rightful prime minister instead. The dueling claims created a volatile political crisis that left constitutional experts confused and diplomats worried about a broad societal collapse that could ignite violence or prompt Haitians to flee the country en masse, as they have after natural disasters, coups or other periods of deep instability.
Brexit bill (Reuters) Brexit’s unfortunate fallout continues. The European Union has said that the United Kingdom is liable to pay 47.5 billion euros ($56.2 billion) to the E.U. as part of its post-Brexit financial settlement. The E.U.’s consolidated budget report for 2020 said the money is owed under a series of articles which both sides agreed to as part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement. The amount is significantly higher than the U.K. expected. Its Office for Budget Responsibility predicted in its March 2018 economic and fiscal outlook report that the bill would amount to 41.4 billion euros ($49 billion). Britain and the E.U. were in a 47-year relationship, and the divorce has been dicey. It took more than four years of acrimonious negotiations and lingering mistrust before the two finally struck a trade and cooperation agreement at the end of December.
Thailand to impose tighter restrictions to slow virus spread (Reuters) Thailand will announce new travel restrictions, mall closures and curbs on gatherings in the capital Bangkok and surrounding provinces starting next week, in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus, two government sources told Reuters. The government will issue a stay-home order from 9 p.m. to 4 a.m. for 14 days and bar gatherings of more than five people in the capital and high-risk areas, the sources said.
China’s gaming curfew (Foreign Policy) Chinese gaming giant Tencent will begin using facial recognition technology to prevent minors playing mobile video games past a nationwide gaming curfew. China established the 10 p.m. to 8 a.m. curfew in 2019 to combat gaming addiction—deemed a mental health disorder in 2018 by the World Health Organization. Chinese children and teenagers had been circumventing the nighttime ban by using adult’s credentials to log in to the gaming service, prompting the technological intervention.
Biden Accelerates Withdrawal Timetable (Foreign Policy) U.S. President Joe Biden on Thursday defended his decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan, despite the Taliban’s rapid territorial gains in recent weeks. In a White House address, Biden said that all combat troops would leave Afghanistan by August 31, even earlier than a Sept. 11 deadline he set back in April. Heading off criticism from some conservatives, who have called for a small combat troop presence to remain in the country, Biden—a long-time skeptic of prolonged U.S. involvement in Afghanistan—questioned the cost of such a move. “Let me ask those who want us to stay: How many more—how many thousands more Americans, daughters and sons—are you willing to risk?” Biden said. “I will not send another generation of Americans to war in Afghanistan with no reasonable expectation of achieving a different outcome.” Although nearly all U.S. troops are set to depart Afghanistan by August, a substantial number—roughly 650—will remain in the country to provide security for the U.S. embassy and Kabul’s international airport.
Drone attacks by Iraqi militias reflect Iran’s waning hold (AP) Iran’s expeditionary Quds Force commander brought one main directive for Iraqi militia faction leaders long beholden to Tehran, when he gathered with them in Baghdad last month: Maintain calm, until after nuclear talks between Iran and the United States. But he was met with defiance. One of the six faction leaders spoke up in their meeting: They could not stay quiet while the death of his predecessor Qassim Soleimani and senior Iraqi militia commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in a U.S. drone strike went unavenged. Militia attacks have only been increasing against the U.S. in military bases in both Iraq and Syria. Three missile attacks in the last week alone resulted in minor injuries, stoking fears of escalation. There have been at least eight drone attacks targeting the U.S. presence since Biden took office in January, as well as 17 rocket attacks, according to coalition officials. The attacks are blamed on the Iranian-backed militias that make up the bulk of Iraq’s state-supported Popular Mobilization Forces. The Biden administration has responded by twice targeting Iraqi militia groups operating inside Syria, including close to the Iraqi border.
Israel levels family home of alleged Palestinian attacker (AP) Israel on Thursday demolished the family home of a Palestinian-American man accused of carrying out a deadly attack on Israelis in the occupied West Bank, rejecting pleas from his estranged wife that he rarely lived in the house, which she shared with their three children. The demolition drew a rebuke from the United States, which is opposed to punitive home demolitions and has taken a more critical line toward Israel’s policies in the occupied West Bank since President Joe Biden took office this year. “The home of an entire family should not be demolished for the actions of one individual,” said U.S. State Department spokesman Ned Price. “There is a critical need to lower the temperature in the West Bank. Punitive demolitions exacerbate tensions at a time when everyone should be focused on principally ensuring calm.”
Religion (Public Religion Research Institute) A new survey of 50,334 Americans over the course of 2020 tracked how religion in the United States has continued to change over recent years. According to the survey, 36 percent of those 18 to 29 years old considered themselves unaffiliated with a religion, substantially higher than the 23 percent of 18 to 29-year-olds who considered themselves as much in 2006, and the 10 percent who were unaffiliated in 1986. That’s also double the rate of religiously unaffiliated compared to those aged 50 to 64. Still, a majority—54 percent—of those 18 to 29 are Christians, though that’s down from the 70 percent of all Americans.
Laughter can make you more productive at work (CNBC) Being inundated with bad news and working from home, for some alone, during the coronavirus pandemic has made it harder than ever for workers to find the time for laughter, but experts argue that it can really make a difference when it comes to productivity. Daniel Sgroi, an economics professor at the U.K.’s University of Warwick, told CNBC via telephone that laughter can trigger the activation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, both of which are considered mood-boosting hormones. Sgroi explained that laughter “fast tracks networks in the brain to help you concentrate and focus,” working as the equivalent of a productivity boost. Research that Sgroi co-authored, published in 2015, found evidence of a link between happiness and productivity. One of the techniques used in his study was to use comedy to make participants laugh and be happier, which he said boosted productivity by up to 12%. “So it’s almost like being happy generates more time,” he said, explaining that someone who is happy might be able to do in one hour what it takes someone who is less happy to do in an hour and 20 minutes.
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doyouthatknow · 5 years
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Health Benefits Of Pearl Powder
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Bright and glorious pearls in jewelry next to the image in the field of Health knows very few people that have healing properties. Most of them are regarded as jewelry or precious stones, although it can be made into a fine powder to be used for health care. Chinese people since ancient times, the ornamental use typical, except for use in the field of Health also known is a secret. Former Health Secret Almost every ancient civilization in the benefits of pearl powder are well known. Medication and cosmetics in China as the use extends to at least 320 MS and here by the emperors sought a healing source. Even the pressure of the emperors to exist even if he was doing it. It is mentioned in medical books of the Ming dynasty, as to promote healing and skin regeneration, expel toxin, was used to correct sun damage and age spots. In India, Pearl Powder have been used in Ayurvedic medicine. The Pearl is known to increase the overall strength and health is a component of love potions and is often among the details that. In medieval Europe it is widely understood that pearl powder also have therapeutic qualities. German and English works of the seventeenth century, and claimed that physical and mental effectiveness under various conditions, and at the same time he was also a famous philosopher scientist Francis Bacon, has proposed as a means for lengthening the life of. Health Benefits Of Pearl Powder 1.Life extension: prolonging the life expectancy of both humans and animals in various studies in pearl powder, which are effective antioxidants and stimulates the production of biochemicals hopeful about and came to conclusions. Silk beetles, mice, nematodes (roundworms), and pearl powder diet supplemented with fruits, according to studies by in some cases 50% or more, it was observed that the life time of significantly increased. The study in The Shape of animals and humans is complex and life prolonging properties, especially superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione (antioxidants, especially superoxide of two) is a result of it is believed that the ability to retrofit. Both of these antioxidants in the body, the connection is strong with long life. The course of the disease especially in the back of many effective DNA protection and repair and that help has been found in studies to prolong life has been found. Also measurable, prolonging life and promoting health which is associated with the Mao-B inhibit both enzymes.
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This powder also affects the various components of DNA and RNA metabolic activities, and thus cell regeneration and growth can support. Early human clinical studies generally show very positive and promising results, although further work is required to be carried out on this topic. 2.Skin and bone renewal:the scientists studying the health benefits of pearl powder a special item called psoriasis the new skin, collagen and fibroblast and osteoblast formation, which is required for the regeneration of bone tissue that can cause have found. Fibroblasts, our muscles, our skin and the connective tissue that surrounds our organs that are abundant in “constructive stem cells.” Pearl, mother-of-Pearl actually, fibroblast regeneration by improving the form of your body to keep your muscles and can help strengthen your organs. Fibroblasts, wound healing faster a substance that gives the skin brightness and youth back. In addition, the skin wrinkles, while reducing the harmful effects of the sun by increasing skin elasticity and prevents sagging and other signs of Aging which could cause the formation of new skin cells and collagen stimulates the skin's firmness. Osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation and stem growth. Museum d'histoire Naturelle in Paris in 1992, has examined the osteogenic properties containing psoriasis. Human Osteoblast psoriasis during the study was placed a layer of chips. Psoriasis of osteoclasts, which are close to the chip and then they pile they found themselves tied into the chips. Even more surprising thing, has created a complete new bone osteoblasts in the presence of an array of psoriasis. Psoriasis is what is causing this, we can understand how, for those wondering, the chips are only psoriasis has caused such minerallesmey surrounding osteoblasts. In 2003, the same group of French scientists decided to research Pearl fills in the gaps in the lumbar spine of sheep and psoriasis experimental pieces are placed. This psoriasis is the placement of filler adjacent to implant the newly created psoriasis have found that is induced by the production of a layer of bone. In addition, psoriasis causes increase in bone mineralization discovered that the placement of the sheep.
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One of the benefits of pearl powder on the planet is one of the most rich sources of calcium, and the weight 80% or more calcium. Not only that, but also a human clinical study in psoriasis comparing ni bio human and animal studies other calcium supplements, conventional calcium carbonate pearl powder is absorbed twice as much of supplements. The most common of these diet supplements in the form of calcium. Scientific tests, calcium and naturally occurring trace minerals essential for the human body in the Pearl of biologically compatible and has encouraged the development of new bone stated. 3.Calming and relaxing Feature: Maybe one of the best known and that cause the health benefits of pearl powder required to be a calming and relaxing property. For thousands of years, pearl powder, reduce stress, calm the nervous system, has been used to improve your mood and improve sleep quality. The reason for this is they discovered and scientists, and the scientific evidence presented. The overall calming effects on the body calcium, in addition to the evidence that raises the levels of GABA in the brain and body are among. GABA, anxiety, and chronic stress that is often missing in people with a calming neurotransmitter. In both animals and humans, the researchers also pearl powder of various receptors related to the production of serotonin in the body, it is useful and had warned. For this reason, many people finds pearl powder calming and balancing. With this feature, pearl powder, Chinese medicine remedies and is still used as the basic ingredient and also fast-paced modern day life and, in this sense, the greatest benefit of the providers. 4.Spiritually Activation: During the same period, Pearl, legendary as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine shen is considered. Shen, penetrate into the body of the three “treasure” or energy. Shen in Mandarin, “spirit” or “God” means. And mind, emotions and energy in a person's body is believed to be an ideal or policy. As a Shen tonic, it is believed that the energy of the powder and uyumlulastiraca has strengthened. Therefore, throughout its long history as a consciousness-enhancing drugs has been used as. But in practice so what does pearl powder do inquire for those who can be explained in the following way. Pearl powder that led to feelings of inner peace and tranquility with long-term use, it has been noticed that is emotionally calming and balancing. For this reason, many people also has created an increase in a visible mood of the Pearl, and meditation developed reported. 5.Intelligence develops: The biggest benefit of pearl powder on the brain, mind and influenced in a way that is incredible. Chinese scientists discovered that pearl powder can improve the IQ of children. In one study, more than 200 children with mental disabilities every day, and three months later bought pearl powder 750 to 1500 mg of the children in 92% of IQ of more than 80% has shown an increase. This increase in the range of normal. In another study at the University of Chinese medicine, pearl powder was investigated the effect of supplementation on rats. This powder which is better in maze tests rats for 12 days and non-found out that they are more immune to rats. In other words, has made the rats smarter and healthier. 6.Super Food: First of all, pearl powder supplements at the same time, strontium, copper, selenium, silicon, and titanium as well as essential trace minerals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron, such as rich, that is hard to get a food source. At the same time, all eight essential amino acids, and aspartic acid, Threonine, alanine, phenylalanine, Arginine, Methionine, Lysine, glutamic acid, Glycine, Leucine, Valine, Proline, Tyrosine, which are amino acids containing a quantity of including exotic. Furthermore, Cystine, Histidine, amino acids such as Taurine, which have a calming and relaxing effect. Reputation of pearls, which is one of the active ingredients in the remineralization of the cells in alkaline phosphatase, compounds and infection fighting properties. These compounds are to be understood scientifically, and began to investigate the amazing benefits, among other pearl powder. As Reinforcement, How They Are Selected This small but powerful pearl powder pearl powder contains all the nutrients which are selected in order to benefit from quality supplements. There are a few points to consider when choosing this supplement. First, it must be ground into an extremely fine powder, thus the body easily to absorb him in the first place is provided. Should be subject to a special process in order to do this, but any food in to avoid any damage to the matter at hand is an important detail. This should be in a way as minimally invasive as possible. There are three ways to do it safely and effectively: Lifting, mikronizasyon (or hydration) and the enzymatic process.
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That must be understood about Pearl in one other important respect, for medical use, a jewelry class, non-cultured pearls require the use of pure. Otherwise very expensive and can be difficult. Supplements used in pearl mussels (fresh water) or oysters (salt water) are planted or grown in. Under controlled conditions and is grown and harvested in a sustainable manner for human use. In which there is some controversy about which is better diversity. But the truth is, they both almost has the same effect, and the proper processing and grinding of the above makes very little difference unless it is one of the technique used. As with any supplement or natural applications in medicine, start slowly and gradually for your body to adapt at the high dosage must be started. How To Use Pearl Powder: • Can be consumed internally as a tonic. A refreshing tonic, to make the powder into a glass of water or fruit juice can be added to smoothies or mixed. • Anti-aging and skin-strengthening topical effects may be used. To use pearl powder for skin, moisturizing lotion should be applied topically or mixed with small amounts of water as needed. To help penetrate the skin to absorb the skin by applying the product should be expected. Side effects and interactions Pearl; normal doses (up to 1 g per day) when taken has no known side effects and is extremely safe. However, as always, it is advisable to be careful when starting a new supplement. Should be started slowly and always in small doses and the body's bio-compatible allergy test before hand to make sure that a small part should be done using or. Recommended Products, General Information, research and studies have stated of products that are used in different formulations. General information a product of any disease in diagnosis, treatment or therapy is not suitable. Be discussed with a specialist is recommended. https://www.orak11.com/index.php/what-is-chinese-medicine/ Bibliography: • Cao G, Xu Z, Wei H, Yao S, Liu Y. “health service in Pearl  Tong ZH, Gu WZ, Zhu G, Zhao YW. “ Pearl oyster shell powder (POSP) anti-aging effect. “Journal Of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ï consciouslifestylemag.com Read the full article
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foxhenki-blog · 5 years
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Slippery Pete
In the Apophenion, Peter J Carroll describes the phenomenon of apophenia as finding patterns or meaning where others do not (Carroll, 8). Apophenia is a crucial concept to understanding the magic endemic to both mushroomkin and the mushroomer.
It is Carroll’s argument around how apophenia connects to ‘is-ness’ that we should pay attention to. He describes ‘is-ness,’ or our perception of ‘is-ness’ as an essence or quality that exists independent of our experiential evidence of a thing (Carroll, 19) — such as a grimoire that seeks or exudes power independent of our observations of it being a book on a shelf. Carroll asserts this perception is flawed. He asks us to look past ‘is-ness’ and instead look for patterns of ‘being-doing,’ that spirit/mind is a fundamental and amoral property of all matter — that mind/matter are the same and not separate phenomena. This is the foundation of panpsychism (Carroll, 21) Furthering his argument (and getting closer to our own) Carroll argues that this panpsychist/psueo-animist view contains an explanation of the related phenomenon of free will — which he describes as a combination of rational/emotional choice and the capitalization/optimization of random phenomenon (Carroll, 24). To quote directly from the Apophenion:
“By using a mixture of deterministic and random processes I arrive at decisions which lie within limits but which no agency, including me, could predict… what we call free will consists precisely of this kind of activity.” (Carroll, 24)
I assert that this combination of probability optimization and directed choice is one of the ways that mushroomkin exhibit free will, it is how they express the mind contained within their matter — and it is also how we discover them in the wild and engage with them domestically. Fungi begins its life after a spore finds a suitable environment, which is discovered by chance. It then begins a purposeful journey sending out hyphae and creating a mycelial net. It specifically chooses some plants and trees over others (a process that works both ways) that it encounters through capitalizing on the probability of encountering these specific symbionts. When the nutrients run low or the environmental conditions are optimum, mushroomkin send up their fruiting bodies.
Enter the human foraging in the woods. We know the potential symbiotic relationships, so this directs our movements, but discovering them (at least initially) is an exercise in probability. We then roll the dice again in discovering or not discovering the fruiting bodies of the mushroomkin. These spirit-forms that we discover, those that seek contact and congress with humans, purposefully produce molecules — very specific molecules, that humans find to be the most delicious. The mushrooms that are the best at this have been invited into a domesticated environment where the components conducive to perpetuating their own matter is then purposefully optimized by humans — yet the random nature of their life cycle keeps the elements of probability alive even on this domestic scale. Thus the lives of these spirit-forms and our congress with them are, as Carroll phrases it, a perfect ‘mixture of deterministic and random processes [that produces] decisions which lie within limits but which no agency, including [us, can] predict…’
Mushrooms and mushrooming is a pure expression of the panpsychist conceptualization of mind/matter syncretism — a pure expression of free will.
Let’s dial our lens into one of the principle expressions of free will that mushroomkin exhibit — the production of molecules that humans and other animals find to be irresistible — in particular those molecules that contribute to the phenomenon of umami when consumed. Mushrooms do not all taste the same, their taste an expression of their personality and their animacy, as these molecules are generated through both (genetically) deterministic and random processes. Some are subtle, some cheerful, some moody and others wild (Selengut, xvi). One of the more powerful components of the gustatory power of mushroomkin is glutamic acid. Our own bodies create nearly 50 grams of glutamic acid on a daily basis and it is this substance, along with all glutamates, that is expressed on our palate as umami. Glutamatic acid and glutamate don’t express themselves in a neurally exciting and addicting taste-expression, they also metabolize directly into energy for animal bodies through the stomach and intestines. They make up our muscles, our brains as well as functioning as a primary neurotransmitter that impacts neuroplasticity — our ability to adapt and capitalize on probability (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 24-25). Umami is how life, the experience of living, tastes. Umami is how free will expresses itself on our palate.
Mushrooms will maintain their life force in the wild despite a drought or a total loss of water in their bodies. When water is reintroduced to the environment it is absorbed by the mushroomkin and they continue their life cycle, resurrected from the dead, as it were. The same is true after the mushrooms have given their bodies over to humans for consumption. When they are dehydrated for storage and they rehydrated the guanylate (another molecule that synthesizes with glutamate and glutamatic acid) and free glutamate levels increase — the expression of their life force is stronger after being resurrected from death. In a perfect conflagration of lifeways and metaphors it was Buddhist monks that discovered this when seeking a vegetarian substitute for the katsuobushi (skipjack tuna that has been fermented, smoked and dried) that is traditionally used to make dashi, a traditional (and umami-rich) Japanese soup base. The monks discovered that dried shiitake mushrooms were as good as if not better than katsuobushi for this purpose. (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 110-111).
The monks used shiitake for their purposes but there are other mushroomkin that are particularly adept at this post harvest re-animation of their umami life-force, for instance Craterellus cornucopiodes; otherwise known as the Horn of Plenty, Black Chantrelle, or Trumpet of the Dead, reconstitutes well after drying and is also easy to pulverize into a powder when dried. Sparassis crispa, the Cauliflower fungus, maintains its texture and aroma when reconstituted (Carluccio, 118). Boletus edulis are also excellent choices for drying and reconstituting when performing the gustatory alchemy required to increase the umami of mushroomkin.
Mushroomkin seem to adore being preserved, and drying is not the only method available to us. One can make a duxelles — developed in the 17th century by the chef François Pierre La Varenne, a duxelles is created by cleaning and finely chopping any one type of mushroom with a ceramic or stone blade, add in a tablespoon of olive oil and some salt and brown the fungi in a pan. Once the browning begins, some minced garlic is added and the cooking continued for a short time. Duxelles can then be frozen and used to impart the medicinal and gastronomic benefits of the mushroom to any other dish (Selengut, 15). The author of this recipe actually suggests a food processor, but through the course of this research it is becoming clear that many mycophilic cultures don’t let mushrooms touch metal, and that includes the blade of a knife. There are plenty of ceramic knives, with Kyocera being a prominent brand. Another option, and one that fits the mycomagical aesthetic a bit closer, is a stone blade, such as obsidian, which is reportedly the sharpest type of blade you can have.
Mushrooms can also be salted, which is likely the oldest way of preserving food if you are seeking to authentically paleolithify your kitchen witchery. This is the traditional method of preserving mushrooms in Poland and Russia, both known as heavily mycophillic cultures. To salt mushrooms you clean them and set them in a foundation of salt in a non-metal container (earthenware crock or glass jar). you then layer mushrooms and sea salt in succession until there is approximately 1 part salt to every 3 parts mushrooms by weight. The contents are then pressed and covered. When you wish to use mushrooms preserved in this way all you have to do is extract them from the salt, rinse, and use as normal (Carluccio, 119). Pickling is another method, in oil or vinegar, that allows the mushroom to maintain their texture and appearance, but at the price of some of the aromatic subtlety naturally cultivated by the spirit-form. Two excellent recipes for pickling are offered us in ‘A Passion for Mushrooms’ by Antonio Carluccio [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Carluccio]:
“Pickled Mushrooms in Brine
2 pints good white wine vinegar
1 pint water
1 tbsp salt
small sprig of rosemary
few black peppercorns
5-6 bay leaves
1 medium onion
2 cloves garlic
Combine the ingredients and boil for 15 minutes. Meanwhile, cook the mushrooms separately in salted water for 8 minutes, drain, add to the vinegar and boil together for a further 5 minutes… Fill jars with mushrooms using a sterilized spoon, leaving room for the liquor. Let the brine cook for a further 10 minutes and set aside to cool… Cover the jars: they will keep for a long time.
Pickled mushrooms in oil
This second method, the usual one in Italy… is well worth it.
2 pt good white wine vinegar
1 pt water
2 tbsp salt
5 bay leaves
10 cloves
Bring the brine ingredients to the boil, add the mushrooms and boil for 5-10 minutes… Drain the mushrooms and spread on a very clean cloth to cool and dry for a few hours… Sterilize jars… pet a few mushrooms into a jar, pour in a little olive oil to cover them… mix gently so that the oil reachers all parts of the mushrooms. Add more mushrooms and more oil in the same way until the jar is full. close the lid tightly and keep for at least a month before use…” (Carluccio, 119)
And finally, Carluccio offers what is possibly the most magically adjacent method of preservation, the creation of mushroom extracts. The author outlines the procedure as follows:
“Clean the mushrooms, chop them finely, put them in a little water and boil until they have exuded as mush as possible of their natural juices. The mushrooms themselves will be pretty tasteless, though they could go to make up a quantity for pickling… strain off the liquor… Add to the liquor a spring of rosemary, some sage leaves, a few bay leaves, some pepper and a lot of salt, dried mushrooms and garlic. Boil until the liquid starts to thicken, then pour into a clean bottle and store in the refrigerator.” (Carluccio, 119)
All of the above are tested alchemical methods of preservation that can be used by the kitchen witch (and I assure you, mycomagery completely eclipses any of the tongue-in-cheek derision that some in the community impart to that label) that is also aligned with the mission of the kingdom of fungi to join with and enhance the lifeways of their humankin. Fungi are masters of symbiosis — we see that expressed in lichens, a symbiotic lifeforms made up of fungi and algae — and expressions of symbiosis are the last great frontier left for biologists, yet one understood by the magically operant (what is being ridden by a spirit form, after all, but a form of symbiosis). Symbiosis is an edge area largely left untouched because it dismantles the colonized mind of these same biologists. If we are to learn anything from lichen it is that fungi inhabit everything and everyone and we are all in a way symbiotic lifeforms, we are all citizens of their kingdom (Haraway, 72). Understanding this forges a deeper connection between us and the forest as well — mushroomkin are the bridge between our human lifeways and the cycles of the forest. Their mycelial net connects the forest physically, their molecules connect to us, and in living and thinking with mushrooms we are brought back to the forest. The plantation model of agriculture, of social hierarchy, is not only jeopardizing the welfare of our planet physically, but it is also divorcing us (and has been for some time) from our actual spiritual ancestors, Tolkien’s Ents (Haraway, 73). Without a flourishing mycological layer, no forest and no human society can exist. For forests to flourish, we must understand and cultivate our fungal partners. They bring us the benefit of free medicine, free food, and the wisdom that mushroomkin as spirits impart to us.
Earth needs to become an agroforested Mycotopia and the Myconomicon is the gate through which that possible future can be accessed. Umami is the first and most accessible key to this gate.
Umami is a syncretic phenomenon. Its intensity isn’t tied to how much glutamate is present but rather what other molecules are present with it, in particular the 5’-ribonucleotides [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disodium_ribonucleotides] inosinate and guanylate a model of complexity (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 41). Guanylate is found naturally in shiitake, enokitake (Flammulina velutipes), matsutake - as well as in pork and chicken. Inosinate is found in beef, pork, chicken and some fish such as sea bass, tuna, etc. Mushrooms not only have levels of glutamate but they also possess the substances that syngergize on the palate with glutamate, making them probably the strongest individual source of umami in nature, much more so than the animal sources listed above.
As previously mentioned, the umami qualities of mushrooms were formally discovered by Buddhist monks in search of a vegetarian version of their beloved soup stock. Shōjin dashi was the result of those experiments. The most excellent book on this subject, Umami: Unlocking the Secrets of the Fifth Taste offers a simple recipe Shōjin dashi that we can add to our Alchemist’s Cookbook:
“Rinse the mushrooms and soak them in cold water for 5 to 6 hours. To speed up the process, you can shred the mushrooms before soaking them. Strain the resulting extract and reserve it. As for first dash, soak the seaweed and then warm it to 140 F for about half an hour. Remove the seaweed and mix in the extract from the mushrooms. The shōjin dashi is now ready for use.
4 1/4 cups water - 3 1/2 oz dried shiitake mushrooms [https://amzn.to/2YqLUdf]
4 1/4 cups water - 1/3 oz dried konbu [https://amzn.to/2MiYBEq]” (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 47)
The way I see it, this recipe can be used with all manner of mycomedicinals, including shiitake mushrooms, to create warming and healing magical broths and soups that are irresistible to humans. Variations on this recipe are also offered, one of particular interest can be used in areas where seaweed might not be available:
“It is… possible to… create another type of dashi, resembling a vegetarian shōjin dash, using ingredients that are available practically anywhere in the world. It call for only two things — water in which potatoes have been boiled and dried porcini or button mushrooms. When unpeeled potatoes are boiled in lightly salted water, glutamate is drawn out. Older potatoes, especially those that have started to sprout, yield a stronger extract. The sprouting process causes the potato proteins to break down, therby releasing more free glutamate.” (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 47)
Umami itself is a healing magic as it helps to regulate the appetite. Umami sends signals to the brain and gut that tells it that satiation has been reached and it does so in such a way that our conscious mind finds the signals difficult to ignore (the primary cause of overeating is our ability to override these signals). Umami rich foods physically change the way the pancreas works, improving digestion and bringing about homeostatis in the body, self-regulation, an equilibrium that has been proven to help combat obesity and by extension, type 2 diabetes (Mouritsen and Styrbæk, 209). Coupling the experience of umami with other mycomedicinal molecules that actually regulate insulin and you have a kingdom of entities whose free will drives them to cure some of the most pernicious chronic diseases of the twenty-first century.
Understanding that mushrooms are spirit-forms and that it is beneficial for humankind to traffic with them is, as has been mentioned elsewhere in the Myconomicon, the oldest form of magical lore. Shiitake mushrooms have been cultivated on logs in Japan since the 17th century, the original method being the harvesting of naturally infected logs and their placement with other fresh logs of the same wood type that had areas of bark hatched out, increasing the probability that spores would find a suitable landscape to inhabit. It wasn’t until 1943 when one Dr. Kisaku Mori, the founder of the Institute of Mushroom Research in Tokyo and the author of ‘Mushrooms as Health Foods’ developed a method of inoculation that utilized wooden dowels colonized with mycelia (Yanamaka, 1)
It is this method that enabled the domestication of our spirit-form for this week, Pholiota nameko, in the 1950s (Yanamaka, 1). Currently our spirit form, also known as the ‘Slippery Mushroom,’ is cultivated at the rate of approximately 25,000 tons per year, although it has never been as popular as other mushrooms consumed in Japan, consisting of only 12% annual sales in Tokyo (Yanamaka, 2).
The method of cultivation has evolved from shade log culture using beech, birch, cherry and oak logs placed beneath a forest canopy to a box method using sawdust as a substrate. Today most cultivation still uses sawdust supplemented with wheat and corn bran in autoclavable bottles. It is typically purchased in markets fresh with the stems intake because that lengthens its shelf life (Yanamaka, 7). In general, Slippery Mushroom contains approximately 2 g of protein per 10 grams of wet mushroom, around 6 grams of sugar and .5 grams of fat content. They also contain around 2 milligrams of calcium, 350 mg of potassium, 14 milligrams of magnesium, 100 milligrams of phosphorus, 3 mg of iron, 1 mg of zinc, .5 mg of copper and .2 mg of manganese per 10 grams of wet mushroom (Rodrigues et al, 5). It is also reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties when consumed, like many other mushrooms (Russel et al, 362).
The ’Slippery’ in our spirit-form comes from the layer of smooth (and delicious) mucus that covers its cap — a substance rich with polysaccharides and nucleic acids (Meng, 5347) and reported to have anti-aging, anti-tumor and anti-biotic properties. ’Slippery’ is a good adjective for our spirit-form for reasons than just its physical qualities. In the 1930s, the term ‘Nameko,’ the moniker commonly applied to Pholiota nameko, was the name for several different mushrooms that possessed a glutinous pileus (the cap of a mushroom — and also a brimless felt cap worn by proto-hipsters in Ancient Greece). In 1929 the term nameko was ascribed to the aforementioned Flammulina velutipes (enokitake) but is now understood to be the distinct species Pholiota microspora (mycotaxonomists couldn’t agree their way out the backseat of a taxi, for the most part).
Our spirit-form, old Slippery Pete, also goes by a multitude of aliases in Russia depending on what neighborhood he is found in. Generally, he is referred to as the honey mushroom, unless he is found in a large group at the base of fir or pine trees in the mountain in warm weather, when he goes by the name of Summer Honeycomb (Letniy sot). In the fall, when found in a more mature state with a convex or flattened pileus, he goes by the name Autumn Tree (Osenneye derevo). In the spring, right around the time the time the ground is thawing, if found hanging out in a ditch, a ravine, in a glade or other edge areas, he calls himself Meadow Shrub (Lugovoy kust) and finally, if found along the base of spruce, beech or ash that are weak or diseased, Slippery Pete introduces himself as Thistle Leg (Noga chertopolokha). Regardless of what alias he is traveling under, however, nameko is recognized in Russia as having the ability to strengthen ones hair, improve the health of the skin or eyes, and generally tune one’s immune and hormonal systems (https://zelenyjmir.ru/opyata/).
In Japan, nameko is also known as a low temperature mushroom and has an affinity for Fagus crenata (Siebold’s beech), Fagus japonica (Japanese beech) and Quercus magnolica (Mongolian Oak) trees (Gizaw, 33). Slippery Pete can be evoked relatively easily by the mycomage through obtaining a pure culture Pholiota nameko and transfer it to potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar, or dextrose yeast agar. It has been reported that mycelial growth should become rapid around day 15 after transfer. Malt extract agar has been reported to be the most successful medium. Nameko has been cited as preferring sorghum for a spawn medium. The aforementioned sawdust, of which poplar sawdust has been used with some success (Meng, 5348) can be utilized as a substrate and Nameko has been reported to take around 30 days to fully colonize and begin producing fruiting bodies — typically in two flushes, for a total lifecycle of around 90 days (Gizaw, 35-36). P. microspora has also been grown on corn stalks and has been reported to enjoy this substrate to a certain degree, producing greater amount of fruiting body as long as the carbon/nitrogen ratio is optimized. The higher the nitrogen content, the faster the mycelium of P. nameko grows, the fruiting stage however, prefers less nitrogen and a more carbon-rich environment (Meng, 5349). Nameko grown on corn stalks has been reported to have a higher sugar content than when grown on other substrates. Our old friend glutamic acid is also higher when Nameko is cultivated on corn waste — a phenomenon we have seen with other spirit-forms in the Myconomicon (Meng, 5350).
Slippery Pete is not averse to a bit of experimentation either. For instance, it is an established point of mushroomlore that certain fungi appear following lightning strikes. The mechanism that drives this is hypothesized to be the fracturing of hyphae or the stimulation of enzymes that cause the mushroom to fruit (Takaki et al, 953). One experiment using 100 nanosecond/120 kilovolt pulses applied using capacitance devices to logs inoculated with Pholiota nameko produced over 2 kilograms more fruiting bodies than the control logs cultivated at the same time, using the same methods. He has also shown the amazing ability to grow on a substrate made only of ceramic beads. In this experiment, Slippery Mushroom mycelia was introduced to 500 grams of sterilized one-centimeter diameter ceramic beads and around 225 milliliters of a nutrient solution in plastic bottles. The nutrient solution contained 50 grams of cellulose gum, 20 grams potato powder, 20 grams of glucose, 2 grams of yeast extracts to 1000 ml of distilled water (Huang, 855). The bottles were then cultured in the dark for two weeks and then exposed to 500-lux intensity fluorescent lights on a 12 hour cycle (Huang, 856). This method saw an increase of nearly 100 grams of fruiting mushroom as opposed to the control.
The sigil for Nameko, old Slippery Pete, resonates with this affinity for disguise and experimentation. It can be used along with a broth or other alchemical preparation of the spirit-form in workings that focus on a need to become invisible through obfuscation such as frustrating government or corporate tracking of online activity or other activity in-the-real that can be monitored via digital devices.
Slippery Pete’s sigil is also quite useful for any workings that need to bring Jupiter into one’s life (through his clear affinity for being charged through Zeus’ lightning bolts) and any enchantments that have never been attempted before, such as a chaos magic syncretism of heretofore unpaired traditional practices. His will towards life via any means possible and his excelling at fulfilling his life cycle in the strangest of environments is an excellent embodiment of Carroll’s explanation of the manifestation of free will and P. nameko along with his sigil can be used as a booster for any type of probability enhancement the mycomage sees fit to engage in.
Sigil courtesy of Ghostly Harmless’ Sigilizer
References
Carluccio, A. (1994). A passion for mushrooms. London: Pavilion.
Carrol, P. J. (2008). The apophenion: A chaos magic paradigm. Oxford: Mandrake.
Gizaw B (2015) Cultivation and yield performance of Pholiota name on different agro industrial wastes. Academia Journal of Food Research (3,3) pp 32-42.
Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene. Durham: Duke University Press.
Huang P and Olga S (2017) Utilization of ceramic beads for edible mushrooms cultivation. Advances in Microbiology (7) pp 853-862
Meng L, Fu Y, Li D, Sun X, Chen Y, Li X, Xu S, Li X, Li C, Song B and Li Y (2019) Effects of corn stalk cultivation substrate on the growth of the slippery mushroom (Pholiota microspora). RSC Advances. pp 5347-5354
Mouritsen, O. G. (2014). Umami: Unlocking the Secrets of the Fifth Taste. Columbia Univ Pr.
Neda H (2008) Correct name for ‘nameko’. Mycoscience (49) pp 88-91.
Rodriques D M F, Freitas A C, Rocha-Santos T A P, Vasconcelos M W, Roriz M, Rodríguez-Alcalá, Gomes A M P and Duarte A C (2015) Chemical composition and nutritive value of Pleurotus citrinopileatus var cornucopiae, P. eryngii, P. salmoneo stramineus, Pholiota nameko and Hericium erinaceus. Journal of Food Scientists & Technologists. (52, 11) pp 1-13
Russel R, Paterson M and Lima N (2014) Biomedical effects of mushrooms with emphasis on pure compounds. Biomedical Journal (37, 6) pp 357-368
Selengut, B., Pogue, A., & Barboza, C. (2014). Shroom: Mind-bendingly good recipes for cultivated and wild mushrooms. Andrews McMeel Publishing. Kansas City, Missouri
Takaki K, Yamazaki N, Mukaigawa S, Fujiwara T, Kofujita H, Takahasi K, Narimatsu M and Nagane K (2009) Effect of Pulsed High-Voltage Stimulation on Pholiota Nameko Mushroom Yield. Acta Physcia Polonica A (6) pp 953-956
Yamanaka K (2011) Mushroom cultivation in Japan. WSMBMP Bulletin (4) pp 1-10
ZelenyMir.ru (2019) Honey Agarics: How to Find, Main Types, Useful Properties + 70 Photos. Encyclopedia of the world of animals and plants! Retrieved from https://zelenyjmir.ru/opyata/
Mushroom Images
Boletus eludis from Adam Bryant
Craterellus cornucopioides from fishfoodnmuscles
Flammulina velutipes from Norty Edwards
Pholiota nameko from Vasco Fachada
Sparassis crispa from Gerhard Koller
Mushroom Images Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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reomanet · 5 years
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Military Method for Falling Asleep in Two Minutes
Military Method for Falling Asleep in Two Minutes
Can Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Help Reduce Alzheimer’s? Story at-a-glance – An estimated 70 million American adults have a sleep disorder, the most common of which is insomnia — the inability to fall asleep, or waking up one or more times during the night Even if you’re doing everything else right, if you’re not sleeping enough, or not sleeping well, many of the benefits of your healthy lifestyle will be lost Middle-aged men who sleep five hours or less per night have twice the risk of having a major cardiovascular event compared to men who sleep at least seven to eight hours per night A sleep-induction method developed by the U.S. military claims to have a 96 percent success rate after six weeks of consistent implementation. The method centers around preparing your mind and body for sleep by deeply relaxing for about two minutes There’s evidence showing EMF exposure reduces melatonin production just like blue light from cellphones, tablets and computers do, making it particularly important to eliminate EMFs in your bedroom An estimated 70 million American adults have a sleep disorder, the most common of which is insomnia 1 — the inability to fall asleep, or waking up one or more times during the night. If you’re in this category, despair not, because the list of strategies to improve your sleep is long. While most sleep problems are tied to lifestyle choices such as spending too much time indoors during daylight hours, and/or excessive use of technology and chronic exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which will require you to make (perhaps significant) changes to your lifestyle, a number of tips and tricks can be useful in the short term. A method developed by the U.S. military, revealed in the 1981 book, “Relax and Win: Championship Performance,” claims to have a 96 percent success rate after six weeks of consistent implementation. Military Method Preps Your Body for Sleep The method centers around preparing your mind and body for sleep by deeply relaxing for about two minutes. The following summary of the process was recently published in the Evening Standard: 2 1. Relax your whole face, including your tongue, jaw and the muscles around your eyes 2. Drop your shoulders and relax your arms 3. Relax your chest as you breathe out 4. Relax your legs, from your thighs to your feet 5. Relax and clear your mind, then picture yourself in one of the following scenarios: a. You’re lying in a canoe on a calm lake with nothing but blue sky above you b. You’re snuggled in a black velvet hammock in a pitch-black room c. Simply repeat “Don’t think, don’t think, don’t think” for 10 seconds 21 Additional Strategies to Help You Fall Asleep Faster I’ve written numerous articles over the years, detailing all sorts of tips and tricks to help you fall asleep faster and improve the quality of your sleep. For an extensive listing of suggestions, see “ Sleep — Why You Need It and 50 Ways to Improve It .” Medical News Today also recently published a list of “21 Ways to Fall Asleep Naturally,” which included the following: 3 1. Create a consistent sleeping pattern by going to bed and getting up at the same time throughout the week, including on weekends 2. Make sure your bedroom is as dark as possible. If you don’t have blackout shades, use an eye mask 3. Avoid taking naps during the day or too close to bedtime 4. Exercise regularly 5. Minimize cellphone use and use of other blue light-emitting devices 6. Read a book to relax before bed 7. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants at least four hours before bed 8. Meditate or practice mindfulness on a daily basis 9. “Count sheep” by slowly counting downward from 100 to zero 10. Avoid eating at least three hours before bedtime 11. Lower the temperature in your bedroom; an ideal temperature for sleeping is around 65 degrees F. 12. Use aromatherapy; lavender is relaxing and may help induce sleep 13. Find your most comfortable sleeping position. While the article suggests side sleeping, I would suggest you try sleeping in a neutral position — on your back with a pillow supporting your neck, not your head. For more information, see Dr. Peter Martone’s article on “ The Best Position for Sleep ” 14. Listen to relaxing music before bed 15. Don’t wait to use the bathroom; while it may seem distracting to get out of bed to pee, trying to hold it will simply disrupt your sleep later 16. Take a hot shower or bath before bed 17. Avoid e-books, as the blue light from the screen will impede melatonin release 18. Try a melatonin supplement. Another, perhaps even more effective alternative is 5-HTP, which is a precursor to both serotonin and melatonin. I believe this is a superior approach to using melatonin. In one study, an amino acid preparation containing both GABA (a calming neurotransmitter) and 5-HTP reduced time to fall asleep, increased the duration of sleep and improved sleep quality 4 19. Invest in a comfortable mattress. To this, I would add the suggestion to look for a chemical-free mattress to avoid exposure to flame retardant chemicals 20. Minimize noise; use ear plugs if environmental noise is unavoidable 21. Avoid alcohol Avoid Nighttime EMF to Improve Sleep Quality While avoiding cellphones and other devices with electronic screens (including e-readers) is important to protect your melatonin production, another factor that can have a significant impact on your sleep quality is EMFs emitted from your home wiring. There’s actually evidence showing EMF exposure reduces melatonin production 5 just like blue light from cellphones, tablets and computers do, making it particularly important to eliminate EMFs in your bedroom. EMF exposure also triggers neuronal changes that affect memory and your ability to learn, 6 and harms your body’s mitochondria by producing excessive oxidative damage, so “marinating” in EMFs all night, every night, can cause or contribute to virtually any chronic ailment, including premature aging. One of the easiest ways to avoid or radically limit your nighttime electric field exposure from the wiring in your room is to pull the circuit breaker to your bedroom before going to bed. Alternatively, have an electrician install a remote breaker for convenience, which is what I’ve done. This will virtually eliminate electric fields in your bedroom, unless you have adjacent rooms with wiring in them, in which case you will need to measure the electric fields with a meter after you shut off the power to see if it goes into the lowest range. Another really important step is to turn off your Wi-Fi at night. Ideally, hard wire your home so you have no Wi-Fi 24/7 in your home. Lack of Sleep Raises Your Risk for Heart Disease and More A review of hundreds of sleep studies concluded that, as a general rule, most adults need somewhere between seven and nine hours — or right around eight hours — of sleep per night to maintain good health . Regularly getting less than seven hours per night has been scientifically linked to a wide array of health problems, ranging from weight gain 7 to an increased risk for cancer. Most recently, researchers again confirmed that lack of sleep can over time take a significant toll on your long-term heart health. 8 , 9 As reported by Medical Xpress: 10 “Middle-aged men who sleep five hours or less per night have twice the risk of developing a major cardiovascular event during the following two decades than men who sleep seven to eight hours … Study author Ms. Moa Bengtsson, of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, said: ‘For people with busy lives, sleeping may feel like a waste of time but our study suggests that short sleep could be linked with future cardiovascular disease. In our study, the magnitude of increased cardiovascular risk associated with insufficient sleep is similar to that of smoking or having diabetes at age 50.’” Men who got only five hours or less per night were also more likely to smoke, be inactive and overweight, have high blood pressure and diabetes. Other studies have shown insufficient sleep and/or poor quality sleep can increase your risk for: Accidents at work and on the road — Getting less than six hours of sleep leaves you cognitively impaired. In 2013, drowsy drivers caused 72,000 car accidents in which 800 Americans were killed and 44,000 were injured. 11 Even a single night of sleeping only four to six hours can impact your ability to think clearly the next day. Diabetes — One 2015 study 12 linked “excessive daytime sleepiness” with a 56 percent increased risk for Type 2 diabetes . Depression — More than half of people diagnosed with depression also struggle with insomnia. While it was long thought that insomnia was a symptom of depression, it now seems that insomnia may precede depression in some cases. 13 Your amygdala, one of your brain’s centerpiece regions for generating strong emotional reactions, including negative ones, becomes about 60 percent more reactive than usual when you’ve slept poorly or insufficiently, resulting in increased emotional intensity and volatility. Impaired memory formation and increased risk of memory loss 14 — Sleep is essential not just for cementing events into long-term memory, but also for making sense of your life. During sleep, your brain pulls together and extracts meaning, while discarding unimportant details. In fact, sleep increases your ability to gain insights that would otherwise remain elusive by about 250 percent. So, during sleep, part of your brain is busy stabilizing, enhancing and integrating new memories. It’s also extracting rules, and the “gist” of what’s happening in your life. Reduced productivity at work and poor grades in school are other associated side effects of insufficient sleep. Creativity is also diminished. Impaired sexual function — In one study, 15 women with insomnia who were getting less than the recommended eight hours were found to be less sexually active after menopause. They also reported less sexual satisfaction overall. Increased risk of pain and pain-related conditions such as fibromyalgia — In one study, poor or insufficient sleep was the strongest predictor for pain in adults over 50. 16 Chronic diseases — Sleep deprivation decreases your immune function, 17 which can have a snowball effect, raising your risk for cardiovascular disease, 18 , 19 Alzheimer’s 20 and cancer, just to name a few. In the case of cancer, another critical mechanism involved is disrupted melatonin production. Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anticancer activity. It both inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and triggers cancer cell apoptosis (self-destruction). Melatonin also interferes with the new blood supply tumors require for their rapid growth (angiogenesis). A number of studies have shown that night shift workers are at heightened risk of cancer for this reason. Increased risk of dying from any cause — Compared to people without insomnia, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality among those with chronic insomnia is 300 percent higher. 21 Sleep and Athletic Performance While being a sleep coach may sound like a strange career, indeed, they do exist, and are slowly starting to break their way into the world of professional sports. This makes sense, considering the impact sleep can have on your athletic performance, and the fact that many professional athletes travel and have to deal with jet lag to boot. As previously noted by The Atlantic: 22 “Without proper sleep, whether it’s a short-term or long-term deficit, there are substantial effects on mood, mental and cognitive skills, and motor abilities. When it comes to recovery from hard physical efforts, there’s simply no better treatment than sleep, and a lot of it.” The largest performance drop-offs can be seen among endurance athletes, and sports requiring quick reaction times and reflexes. To determine whether an athlete might gain a competitive edge simply by sleeping more, Stanford researcher Cheri D. Mah reached out to the Stanford Cardinal men’s basketball team. For two weeks, the players’ athletic performance was assessed after getting their normal amount of sleep. They were fitted with motion-sensing wristbands to determine the actual length of their sleep, which averaged in at a mere 6.5 hours per night. Next, the players were asked to extend their sleep time as much as possible for five to seven weeks. The players increased their average sleep time by about two hours, to 8.5 hours nightly. By the end of this test, players had improved their free throws by more than 11 percent, and their three-point shots by nearly 14 percent. Sprint drill speeds also improved for every single player on the team. As noted by The Atlantic: “A 13-percent performance enhancement is the sort of gain that one associates with drugs or years of training — not simply making sure to get tons of sleep. Mah’s research strongly suggests that most athletes would perform much better with more sleep…” Sleep Coaching in the Big Leagues A 2015 article in The Guardian 23 discusses the impact sleep coach Nick Littlehales, a former golf pro and marketer of bedding, has had on the Manchester United Football Club: “Littehales scored early points with the manager for his success working with United defender Gary Pallister, whose debilitating back injuries eased once Littlehales discovered the player was sleeping on a mattress that hampered his injury treatment … Sixteen years later he is a leading figure in the field, having assessed and reconfigured the bedrooms of a legion of international sporting stars as well as working with Chelsea, Real Madrid, England’s national side and a host of Olympians … Littlehales makes sure sportspeople get the right hotel rooms on the right floor, the right air conditioning and temperature control, plus appropriate lighting and beds … Other important factors are the potential for total blackout from the sun and temperature control … But the bedding is crucial. ‘If they don’t tick the boxes I’m bringing my own or we’ll try another hotel,’ he says … He says everyone has different physical and mental recovery times but that for elite athletes, five 90-minute sleep cycles a day is optimal … Training schedules are now often tailored around that need and many club training facilities now equipped with sleeping pods…” Whether you’re a professional athlete or not, sleep is an important yet all too often overlooked factor in health and well-being. If you’re still skimping, thinking you’ve managed to get by OK so far, I urge you to reconsider and give sleep the attention it deserves. You can do everything else right, but if you’re not sleeping enough, or not sleeping well, many of the benefits of your healthy lifestyle will be lost. 0
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the-smolartist · 7 years
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Cocaine
What is it? Cocaine is a powerful Central Nervous System stimulant. It’s a chemical derived from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Medicinal uses Cocaine was first extracted and identified in the mid-19th century and was then used in patent medicines and tonics to treat a wide variety of symptoms – real or imagined. Because of its stimulating effect, many people in the late 19th century took cocaine, even though some doctors recognized that users quickly became dependent. It later found common usage as a local anaesthetic for minor surgery but this role today is fairly limited as synthetic anaesthetics are more widely used. Cocaine has no other medicinal application. Abuse of Cocaine In the 1970’s and 1980’s the high cost of cocaine and its rarity in the illicit marketplace meant that it was regarded as a drug of wealthy people such as rock stars or film stars. In the 1990’s it has become relatively inexpensive and easier to buy. The street price of cocaine in the UK is (as of mid-1999) as low as 40 Pounds Sterling per gram and its low cost, easy availability and (false) reputation as a non-addictive drug has led to widespread use among young people, where 9% of those aged 20-24 who were asked in 1998 said they had taken it. Cocaine is generally sold on the street as cocaine hydrochloride – a fine, white crystalline powder, soluble in water, known by slang names such as “coke”, “C”, “Charlie” etc. It is often cut with inert substances such as talcum powder or fine sugar; with other local anaesthetics such as procaine and benzocaine, or other stimulants such as amphetamines. Nevertheless, street cocaine has become purer in recent years and today averages around 60% or more pure. Cocaine in powder form is usually sniffed, or “snorted”, up the nose through a rolled-up bank note or any other similar type of tube, after a line of the powder (about the size of a large matchstick) has been spread out on a smooth surface – commonly a mirror. To experience cocaine’s effects more rapidly and to heighten their intensity, some users inject the drug directly into their veins. Crack cocaine Pure cocaine is a chemical ‘base’. A base can combine with an acid – in this case hydrochloric acid – to form a salt. Cocaine hydrochloride is a salt of cocaine. This powdered form of cocaine is soluble in water and so can be snorted, where it dissolves into the blood system via small capillaries in the nostrils, or injected into a vein. The cocaine hydrochloride salt can be changed back into its base form by a fairly simple chemical process. This is called ‘free basing’ and is potentially dangerous because the solvents used are highly flammable. The resulting form of cocaine is called ‘free base’ – or crack – and takes the shape of relatively large crystals. It’s pure cocaine (i.e. without the hydrochloride) and as it is not soluble in water, it must be smoked in order to be taken. It’s called ‘Crack’ because it makes a crackling noise as it is smoked. Crack is absorbed into the body much faster than when cocaine powder is snorted and therefore it takes effect very quickly. It’s a very powerful form of cocaine and is highly addictive. It has become fairly common in the UK since the mid 1980’s. How does it work? Cocaine – like most drugs – acts on neurotransmitters in the body. These are chemical messengers that send signals between one nerve cell and an adjacent one. Some neurotransmitters switch nerve cells on – or speed them up, some switch nerve cells off – or slow them down. If any chemical – such as a drug – interferes with these neurotransmitters, this can have all sorts of consequences. Cocaine interfers with the normal action of at least two neurotransmitters, one is Seretonin and the other is Dopamine. When cocaine is taken – in any form – brain activity speeds up, as does heart rate and breathing rate. Blood pressure increases and so does body temperature. Physical symptoms of cocaine use may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, and muscle spasms. These symptoms result from an overworked heart and high blood pressure. What effect does it have? Generally, cocaine produces feelings of mental well-being, and exhilaration. A user may feel energetic, talkative and mentally alert – especially to sensations of sight, sound, and touch. At the same time cocaine inhibits appetite and the desire for sleep. In some respects the effect of cocaine is grossly similar to that of amphetamines and like those drugs, cocaine use can produce anxiety or panic attacks. The after-effects of cocaine can include tiredness and depression. Excessive doses can sometimes cause death from heart failure. Short-term effects When cocaine is snorted, its euphoric effects appear soon after it is taken, peak in about 15-30 minutes and disappear completely within one half to two hours. As the ‘high’ is short lasting, this often encourages users to repeat the dose in order to maintain the effect. It’s common for cocaine users to take cocaine again after about half an hour or so after they last took some. Many repeated doses taken over a short period can lead to extreme states of agitation, anxiety or paranoia. The compulsion to repeat cocaine use is even more evident when the drug is taken as crack. The effects of crack cocaine occur and peak immediately the drug is smoked and begin to fade shortly afterwards. Crack users commonly repeat the dose at short intervals in an attempt to maintain the ‘high’. When large amounts of cocaine are taken (several hundred milligrams or more) the ‘high’ is intensified up to a point, but such doses can also lead to bizarre, erratic and violent behaviour. These users may experience severe tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches and paranoia. Longer-term effects If cocaine is taken over a period of time, users experience the drug’s long-term effects. The euphoric ‘high’ is gradually replaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, and paranoia – and eventually hallucinations and delusions. These conditions are very similar to amphetamine psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia, although they disappear in most cases after cocaine use is ended. While many of the physical effects of heavy continuous use are essentially the same as those of short-term use, the heavy user may also suffer from mood swings, loss of interest in sex, weight loss and insomnia. Tolerance Tolerance to any drug exists when it becomes necessary to take higher doses to achieve the same effects once reached with lower doses. At present there is no evidence to suggest tolerance to cocaine’s stimulant effect occurs. Users may keep taking the original amount over extended periods and still experience the same euphoric effects. However, some users do increase their dosage in an attempt to intensify and prolong the effects. Consequences of cocaine use Physical dependence At present, it’s unclear if physical dependence upon cocaine hydrochloride can occur. However, when some regular heavy users stop taking the drug, they experience a powerful negative reaction, which may indicate physical dependence. Crack cocaine does produce a strong physical dependency. With regular heavy use increasingly unpleasant symptoms occur. Euphoria is replaced by restlessness, over-excitability and nausea. With continued use this can lead to paranoid psychosis. Regular users may appear chronically nervous, excitable and paranoid. Confusion as a result of exhaustion, due to lack of sleep, is common. Psychological dependence Psychological dependence exists when a drug is so central to a person’s thoughts, emotions, and activities that it becomes a craving or compulsion. Among heavy cocaine users, an intense psychological dependence can occur; they suffer severe depression when the supply of cocaine runs out, which lifts only when they take it again. Experiments with animals have suggested that cocaine is perhaps the most powerful drug of all in producing psychological dependence. When not taking cocaine, many regular users complain of sleep and eating disorders, depression and anxiety, and the mental craving for the drug often compels them to take it again. Consequences for health Death from a cocaine overdose can occur from convulsions, heart failure, or the depression of vital brain centres that control breathing. Chronic cocaine snorting often causes stuffiness, runny nose and eczema, and commonly damages the nasal membranes and the structure separating the nostrils. Severe respiratory tract irritation has been noted in some heavy users of crack cocaine. Users who inject the drug not only risk overdosing but also getting infections from unsterile needles and hepatitis or AIDS from needles shared with others. The risk to mental health of using cocaine is high. As mentioned above, regular use can lead to anxiety, paranoia and psychosis – which can sometimes produce permanent mental health problems. Legal consequences Cocaine in any form is a Class A drug. It is illegal to produce, supply or possess it. It is also illegal to allow premises to be used for the supply, production or consumption of cocaine. Penalties are high. Cocaine is not a cheap drug and it is expensive to maintain a regular intake. Many regular users resort to crime of one kind or another to fund their drug use. Obviously, such behaviour can result in a criminal record or imprisonment. Prepared by Paul Roberts in UK http://www.darvsmith.com/dox/drugtypes.html http://eliterehaballiance.com/drug-types-from-stimulants-to-tranquilizers/
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fantaisie-pastorale · 7 years
Text
Cocaine
What is it? Cocaine is a powerful Central Nervous System stimulant. It’s a chemical derived from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Medicinal uses Cocaine was first extracted and identified in the mid-19th century and was then used in patent medicines and tonics to treat a wide variety of symptoms – real or imagined. Because of its stimulating effect, many people in the late 19th century took cocaine, even though some doctors recognized that users quickly became dependent. It later found common usage as a local anaesthetic for minor surgery but this role today is fairly limited as synthetic anaesthetics are more widely used. Cocaine has no other medicinal application. Abuse of Cocaine In the 1970’s and 1980’s the high cost of cocaine and its rarity in the illicit marketplace meant that it was regarded as a drug of wealthy people such as rock stars or film stars. In the 1990’s it has become relatively inexpensive and easier to buy. The street price of cocaine in the UK is (as of mid-1999) as low as 40 Pounds Sterling per gram and its low cost, easy availability and (false) reputation as a non-addictive drug has led to widespread use among young people, where 9% of those aged 20-24 who were asked in 1998 said they had taken it. Cocaine is generally sold on the street as cocaine hydrochloride – a fine, white crystalline powder, soluble in water, known by slang names such as “coke”, “C”, “Charlie” etc. It is often cut with inert substances such as talcum powder or fine sugar; with other local anaesthetics such as procaine and benzocaine, or other stimulants such as amphetamines. Nevertheless, street cocaine has become purer in recent years and today averages around 60% or more pure. Cocaine in powder form is usually sniffed, or “snorted”, up the nose through a rolled-up bank note or any other similar type of tube, after a line of the powder (about the size of a large matchstick) has been spread out on a smooth surface – commonly a mirror. To experience cocaine’s effects more rapidly and to heighten their intensity, some users inject the drug directly into their veins. Crack cocaine Pure cocaine is a chemical ‘base’. A base can combine with an acid – in this case hydrochloric acid – to form a salt. Cocaine hydrochloride is a salt of cocaine. This powdered form of cocaine is soluble in water and so can be snorted, where it dissolves into the blood system via small capillaries in the nostrils, or injected into a vein. The cocaine hydrochloride salt can be changed back into its base form by a fairly simple chemical process. This is called ‘free basing’ and is potentially dangerous because the solvents used are highly flammable. The resulting form of cocaine is called ‘free base’ – or crack – and takes the shape of relatively large crystals. It’s pure cocaine (i.e. without the hydrochloride) and as it is not soluble in water, it must be smoked in order to be taken. It’s called ‘Crack’ because it makes a crackling noise as it is smoked. Crack is absorbed into the body much faster than when cocaine powder is snorted and therefore it takes effect very quickly. It’s a very powerful form of cocaine and is highly addictive. It has become fairly common in the UK since the mid 1980’s. How does it work? Cocaine – like most drugs – acts on neurotransmitters in the body. These are chemical messengers that send signals between one nerve cell and an adjacent one. Some neurotransmitters switch nerve cells on – or speed them up, some switch nerve cells off – or slow them down. If any chemical – such as a drug – interferes with these neurotransmitters, this can have all sorts of consequences. Cocaine interfers with the normal action of at least two neurotransmitters, one is Seretonin and the other is Dopamine. When cocaine is taken – in any form – brain activity speeds up, as does heart rate and breathing rate. Blood pressure increases and so does body temperature. Physical symptoms of cocaine use may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, and muscle spasms. These symptoms result from an overworked heart and high blood pressure. What effect does it have? Generally, cocaine produces feelings of mental well-being, and exhilaration. A user may feel energetic, talkative and mentally alert – especially to sensations of sight, sound, and touch. At the same time cocaine inhibits appetite and the desire for sleep. In some respects the effect of cocaine is grossly similar to that of amphetamines and like those drugs, cocaine use can produce anxiety or panic attacks. The after-effects of cocaine can include tiredness and depression. Excessive doses can sometimes cause death from heart failure. Short-term effects When cocaine is snorted, its euphoric effects appear soon after it is taken, peak in about 15-30 minutes and disappear completely within one half to two hours. As the ‘high’ is short lasting, this often encourages users to repeat the dose in order to maintain the effect. It’s common for cocaine users to take cocaine again after about half an hour or so after they last took some. Many repeated doses taken over a short period can lead to extreme states of agitation, anxiety or paranoia. The compulsion to repeat cocaine use is even more evident when the drug is taken as crack. The effects of crack cocaine occur and peak immediately the drug is smoked and begin to fade shortly afterwards. Crack users commonly repeat the dose at short intervals in an attempt to maintain the ‘high’. When large amounts of cocaine are taken (several hundred milligrams or more) the ‘high’ is intensified up to a point, but such doses can also lead to bizarre, erratic and violent behaviour. These users may experience severe tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches and paranoia. Longer-term effects If cocaine is taken over a period of time, users experience the drug’s long-term effects. The euphoric ‘high’ is gradually replaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, and paranoia – and eventually hallucinations and delusions. These conditions are very similar to amphetamine psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia, although they disappear in most cases after cocaine use is ended. While many of the physical effects of heavy continuous use are essentially the same as those of short-term use, the heavy user may also suffer from mood swings, loss of interest in sex, weight loss and insomnia. Tolerance Tolerance to any drug exists when it becomes necessary to take higher doses to achieve the same effects once reached with lower doses. At present there is no evidence to suggest tolerance to cocaine’s stimulant effect occurs. Users may keep taking the original amount over extended periods and still experience the same euphoric effects. However, some users do increase their dosage in an attempt to intensify and prolong the effects. Consequences of cocaine use Physical dependence At present, it’s unclear if physical dependence upon cocaine hydrochloride can occur. However, when some regular heavy users stop taking the drug, they experience a powerful negative reaction, which may indicate physical dependence. Crack cocaine does produce a strong physical dependency. With regular heavy use increasingly unpleasant symptoms occur. Euphoria is replaced by restlessness, over-excitability and nausea. With continued use this can lead to paranoid psychosis. Regular users may appear chronically nervous, excitable and paranoid. Confusion as a result of exhaustion, due to lack of sleep, is common. Psychological dependence Psychological dependence exists when a drug is so central to a person’s thoughts, emotions, and activities that it becomes a craving or compulsion. Among heavy cocaine users, an intense psychological dependence can occur; they suffer severe depression when the supply of cocaine runs out, which lifts only when they take it again. Experiments with animals have suggested that cocaine is perhaps the most powerful drug of all in producing psychological dependence. When not taking cocaine, many regular users complain of sleep and eating disorders, depression and anxiety, and the mental craving for the drug often compels them to take it again. Consequences for health Death from a cocaine overdose can occur from convulsions, heart failure, or the depression of vital brain centres that control breathing. Chronic cocaine snorting often causes stuffiness, runny nose and eczema, and commonly damages the nasal membranes and the structure separating the nostrils. Severe respiratory tract irritation has been noted in some heavy users of crack cocaine. Users who inject the drug not only risk overdosing but also getting infections from unsterile needles and hepatitis or AIDS from needles shared with others. The risk to mental health of using cocaine is high. As mentioned above, regular use can lead to anxiety, paranoia and psychosis – which can sometimes produce permanent mental health problems. Legal consequences Cocaine in any form is a Class A drug. It is illegal to produce, supply or possess it. It is also illegal to allow premises to be used for the supply, production or consumption of cocaine. Penalties are high. Cocaine is not a cheap drug and it is expensive to maintain a regular intake. Many regular users resort to crime of one kind or another to fund their drug use. Obviously, such behaviour can result in a criminal record or imprisonment. Prepared by Paul Roberts in UK http://www.darvsmith.com/dox/drugtypes.html http://eliterehaballiance.com/drug-types-from-stimulants-to-tranquilizers/
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eliterehaballiance · 7 years
Text
Cocaine
What is it? Cocaine is a powerful Central Nervous System stimulant. It’s a chemical derived from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Medicinal uses Cocaine was first extracted and identified in the mid-19th century and was then used in patent medicines and tonics to treat a wide variety of symptoms – real or imagined. Because of its stimulating effect, many people in the late 19th century took cocaine, even though some doctors recognized that users quickly became dependent. It later found common usage as a local anaesthetic for minor surgery but this role today is fairly limited as synthetic anaesthetics are more widely used. Cocaine has no other medicinal application. Abuse of Cocaine In the 1970’s and 1980’s the high cost of cocaine and its rarity in the illicit marketplace meant that it was regarded as a drug of wealthy people such as rock stars or film stars. In the 1990’s it has become relatively inexpensive and easier to buy. The street price of cocaine in the UK is (as of mid-1999) as low as 40 Pounds Sterling per gram and its low cost, easy availability and (false) reputation as a non-addictive drug has led to widespread use among young people, where 9% of those aged 20-24 who were asked in 1998 said they had taken it. Cocaine is generally sold on the street as cocaine hydrochloride – a fine, white crystalline powder, soluble in water, known by slang names such as “coke”, “C”, “Charlie” etc. It is often cut with inert substances such as talcum powder or fine sugar; with other local anaesthetics such as procaine and benzocaine, or other stimulants such as amphetamines. Nevertheless, street cocaine has become purer in recent years and today averages around 60% or more pure. Cocaine in powder form is usually sniffed, or “snorted”, up the nose through a rolled-up bank note or any other similar type of tube, after a line of the powder (about the size of a large matchstick) has been spread out on a smooth surface – commonly a mirror. To experience cocaine’s effects more rapidly and to heighten their intensity, some users inject the drug directly into their veins. Crack cocaine Pure cocaine is a chemical ‘base’. A base can combine with an acid – in this case hydrochloric acid – to form a salt. Cocaine hydrochloride is a salt of cocaine. This powdered form of cocaine is soluble in water and so can be snorted, where it dissolves into the blood system via small capillaries in the nostrils, or injected into a vein. The cocaine hydrochloride salt can be changed back into its base form by a fairly simple chemical process. This is called ‘free basing’ and is potentially dangerous because the solvents used are highly flammable. The resulting form of cocaine is called ‘free base’ – or crack – and takes the shape of relatively large crystals. It’s pure cocaine (i.e. without the hydrochloride) and as it is not soluble in water, it must be smoked in order to be taken. It’s called ‘Crack’ because it makes a crackling noise as it is smoked. Crack is absorbed into the body much faster than when cocaine powder is snorted and therefore it takes effect very quickly. It’s a very powerful form of cocaine and is highly addictive. It has become fairly common in the UK since the mid 1980’s. How does it work? Cocaine – like most drugs – acts on neurotransmitters in the body. These are chemical messengers that send signals between one nerve cell and an adjacent one. Some neurotransmitters switch nerve cells on – or speed them up, some switch nerve cells off – or slow them down. If any chemical – such as a drug – interferes with these neurotransmitters, this can have all sorts of consequences. Cocaine interfers with the normal action of at least two neurotransmitters, one is Seretonin and the other is Dopamine. When cocaine is taken – in any form – brain activity speeds up, as does heart rate and breathing rate. Blood pressure increases and so does body temperature. Physical symptoms of cocaine use may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, and muscle spasms. These symptoms result from an overworked heart and high blood pressure. What effect does it have? Generally, cocaine produces feelings of mental well-being, and exhilaration. A user may feel energetic, talkative and mentally alert – especially to sensations of sight, sound, and touch. At the same time cocaine inhibits appetite and the desire for sleep. In some respects the effect of cocaine is grossly similar to that of amphetamines and like those drugs, cocaine use can produce anxiety or panic attacks. The after-effects of cocaine can include tiredness and depression. Excessive doses can sometimes cause death from heart failure. Short-term effects When cocaine is snorted, its euphoric effects appear soon after it is taken, peak in about 15-30 minutes and disappear completely within one half to two hours. As the ‘high’ is short lasting, this often encourages users to repeat the dose in order to maintain the effect. It’s common for cocaine users to take cocaine again after about half an hour or so after they last took some. Many repeated doses taken over a short period can lead to extreme states of agitation, anxiety or paranoia. The compulsion to repeat cocaine use is even more evident when the drug is taken as crack. The effects of crack cocaine occur and peak immediately the drug is smoked and begin to fade shortly afterwards. Crack users commonly repeat the dose at short intervals in an attempt to maintain the ‘high’. When large amounts of cocaine are taken (several hundred milligrams or more) the ‘high’ is intensified up to a point, but such doses can also lead to bizarre, erratic and violent behaviour. These users may experience severe tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches and paranoia. Longer-term effects If cocaine is taken over a period of time, users experience the drug’s long-term effects. The euphoric ‘high’ is gradually replaced by restlessness, extreme excitability, insomnia, and paranoia – and eventually hallucinations and delusions. These conditions are very similar to amphetamine psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia, although they disappear in most cases after cocaine use is ended. While many of the physical effects of heavy continuous use are essentially the same as those of short-term use, the heavy user may also suffer from mood swings, loss of interest in sex, weight loss and insomnia. Tolerance Tolerance to any drug exists when it becomes necessary to take higher doses to achieve the same effects once reached with lower doses. At present there is no evidence to suggest tolerance to cocaine’s stimulant effect occurs. Users may keep taking the original amount over extended periods and still experience the same euphoric effects. However, some users do increase their dosage in an attempt to intensify and prolong the effects. Consequences of cocaine use Physical dependence At present, it’s unclear if physical dependence upon cocaine hydrochloride can occur. However, when some regular heavy users stop taking the drug, they experience a powerful negative reaction, which may indicate physical dependence. Crack cocaine does produce a strong physical dependency. With regular heavy use increasingly unpleasant symptoms occur. Euphoria is replaced by restlessness, over-excitability and nausea. With continued use this can lead to paranoid psychosis. Regular users may appear chronically nervous, excitable and paranoid. Confusion as a result of exhaustion, due to lack of sleep, is common. Psychological dependence Psychological dependence exists when a drug is so central to a person’s thoughts, emotions, and activities that it becomes a craving or compulsion. Among heavy cocaine users, an intense psychological dependence can occur; they suffer severe depression when the supply of cocaine runs out, which lifts only when they take it again. Experiments with animals have suggested that cocaine is perhaps the most powerful drug of all in producing psychological dependence. When not taking cocaine, many regular users complain of sleep and eating disorders, depression and anxiety, and the mental craving for the drug often compels them to take it again. Consequences for health Death from a cocaine overdose can occur from convulsions, heart failure, or the depression of vital brain centres that control breathing. Chronic cocaine snorting often causes stuffiness, runny nose and eczema, and commonly damages the nasal membranes and the structure separating the nostrils. Severe respiratory tract irritation has been noted in some heavy users of crack cocaine. Users who inject the drug not only risk overdosing but also getting infections from unsterile needles and hepatitis or AIDS from needles shared with others. The risk to mental health of using cocaine is high. As mentioned above, regular use can lead to anxiety, paranoia and psychosis – which can sometimes produce permanent mental health problems. Legal consequences Cocaine in any form is a Class A drug. It is illegal to produce, supply or possess it. It is also illegal to allow premises to be used for the supply, production or consumption of cocaine. Penalties are high. Cocaine is not a cheap drug and it is expensive to maintain a regular intake. Many regular users resort to crime of one kind or another to fund their drug use. Obviously, such behaviour can result in a criminal record or imprisonment. Prepared by Paul Roberts in UK http://www.darvsmith.com/dox/drugtypes.html http://eliterehaballiance.com/drug-types-from-stimulants-to-tranquilizers/
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Prepared by Paul Roberts in UK http://www.darvsmith.com/dox/drugtypes.html #Stimulants #Depressants #Analgesics #Hallucinogens #Alcohol #Amphetamines #Barbiturates #Cannabis #Cocaine #Ecstasy #GHB #Heroin #Inhalants #LSD #Methadone #’Magic’ Mushrooms #Tranquilizers
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Nucalm Review: Does The New De-stressing Technology ... - things to help reduce stress
NuCalm promotes itself as neuroscience-backed tension meditation techniques and sleep innovation. In practice, however, it simply helped me nap. I recently woke up from a delightful 20-minute nap. In fact, it was more of https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/nucalm4/1/10-minute-meditation-for-sleep.html a 10-minute half-nap half-trance, preceded by thoughts of what I required to achieve today that gradually dissolved into the kinds of non-sequitur visions that happen in that earliest stage of sleep.
Somehow, this was renewing. For the recently, I've been evaluating out the NuCalm system. According to its website, NuCalm is "the world's only patented neuroscience innovation clinically proven to deal with stress and improve sleep quality without drugs." It incorporates a neuroacoustic software app made use of for 20- to 120-minute increments, an eye mask and the aforementioned processing discs, and in practice involves listening to ambient, cinematic noises (similar to this) with your eyes closed and a sticker adhered to your inner arm.
Each of the components are created to activate the body's parasympathetic nerve system, which assists with healing and relaxation. The disc is designed to release gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter that hinders cortisol and adrenaline. With this and the app, NuCalm stops your body's tension action and for that reason the mental and physical toll stress can handle the body.
military, 49 sports teams and in over a million surgical procedures. Some dental workplaces even utilize it for clients who are scared of the dental practitioner. NuCalm's 'bio-signal processing disc' Although the item is touted as a way of potentially healing the body from injury, https://s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com addiction and physical troubles, it appears predominately beneficial for relaxation and anxiety.
By this step, my usage of NuCalm was a success: After my 20-minute session this afternoon, I indeed felt much more refreshed and awake. While some of my sessions kept me mindful the whole time, I a minimum of felt a bit more relaxed than before. At the start, I 'd believed I was expected to treat the session like a meditation, preventing letting my ideas roam.
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Why I was so fixated upon events of this age throughout my session is a mystery to me, but regardless, I believe I still went to sleep for about five minutes. Unusually enough, a Frequently Asked Question section of the app specifies that memory recollection is a typical quality of "theta brainwave variety," and that remembering memories in this phase permits you to dissociate negative sensations from them.
Overall, NuCalm did permit me to take perfect little afternoon naps in a structured way. I am decent at napping as it is, however I do think something about NuCalm, whether it be the discs or the noises or the timer, made those naps more efficient than normal. One glaring problem with NuCalm, however, is its price.
Maybe as I keep using it, I'll find that this is a completely reasonable cost for the advantage of much better relaxation, health and sleep. At this minute, however, I 'd pay possibly $10 a month. The app also requires some major updating, as it presently only uses 3 various session types (recharge, reboot and rescue) at differing lengths and with a rather clunky design.
Instead, it feels rudimentary, with lower parts of the app like the post-session debriefing FAQ entirely nonfunctional. I've taken some fabulous naps this last week, and I'll keep using NuCalm for this purpose. It's a nearly effortless way of fitting 20 minutes of pure relaxation into my day. Whether those bio-signalling dics do anything, I'm still suspicious in addition to a cleaner app, I 'd require to get a bit more rely on the science to pay $60 a month.
Magdalene Taylor is a junior personnel author at MEL, where she began working 2 weeks after graduating college. Her work is a blend of cultural analysis and service, covering everything from reconsiderations of low-brow hits like Joe Dirt and Nickelback to contemporary disability concerns, OnlyFans and the types of small concerns about life like why infant carrots are so wet.
According to the company, thirty minutes of NuCalm amounts to 2 to 3 hours of restorative sleep. The NuCalm website boasts that the de-stressing treatment takes just 2 minutes to administer and less than 5 minutes to accomplish its effects, making it the really meaning of a fast fix.
With its sleek site and claims of high-tech, borderline-magic results, I half anticipated my NuCalm experience to happen in the literal future or, at really least, a center that reeked of sci-fi vibes. I think I was envisioning a workplace that appeared like the ship from Passengers and a large set-up reminiscent of the https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/nucalm4/1/10-minute-morning-meditation.html memory-implanting tech from Overall Remember or perhaps even a coffin-like pod right out of The Fifth Aspect.
My NuCalm treatment was not administered on the set of a motion picture, however it also wasn't administered in a dental professional's workplace. On the early morning of my visit, I drove throughout Los Angeles to Santa Monica to the offices of an authentic physician to the stars, whose Hollywood clients consists of starlets, authors and inspirational experts, and who read more boasts know-how in energy medicine, integrative medicine and bioidentical hormonal agent replacement therapy.
Instead, my NuCalm experience started in a (actively) poorly lit waiting room that looked more like the living room of an eccentric, well-traveled college teacher than a medical facility. The doctor was fashionably late not with another client, simply in getting to the workplace. While the tardiness might usually have actually irritated me, here, it appeared like part of the experience, practically like a preview of the outcomes of the high-tech treatment that awaited me.
During a short consultation, the medical professional described the NuCalm procedure and summed up the science behind it (more on that later). The gist of the system, I discovered, was this: I would chew a tablet of gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or -aminobutyric acid (or GABA, for short), an inhibitory neurotransmitter implied to decrease activity in my anxious system.
I would listen, through headphones, to binaural beat music music with 2 different rhythmic pulses that activates Alpha and Theta brain waves, which are connected with the very first phase of deep sleep and meditation. Also, I would be blindfolded. And, in Doc Hollywood's office, I would do all of this while pushing a waterbed although the waterbed, I found out, is not a standard or required component of the treatment.
I was resulted in a little examination room (or, potentially, a big closet), where I was offered a large GABA tablet and told to chew but not swallow it while the medical professional marked time the binaural beats and attached the Biosignal Processing Disc to my wrist. Lastly, after what seemed like a much longer period of time than it possibly might have been, I was told to swallow the GABA vitamin sludge, which had the artificially sweet, fruity flavor and distinctively milky taste and texture of Flinstones vitamins that are a few months past their expiration date.
The NuCalm treatment itself was completely pleasant. The music was relaxing but interesting (I've given that subscribed to a binaural beats playlist on Spotify bless the web). The milky, orange-adjacent taste of the GABA tablet didn't remain in an especially interfering way. And the waterbed was heated, that made for a cozy location to lie down and rest.
What am I doing incorrect? Why do not I feel calm? If science can't make me chill TF out, am I simply a lost cause? Maybe if I do a body scan, I'll have the ability to feel the impacts. That's a good concept. I'm going to do a body scan. This will resemble mindfulness on steroids orange-flavored, healthy steroids.
I am broken. I was wrong. It was not almost over. Perhaps it's the example you can't feel in the moment, however I'll observe a substantial difference when it's over. I have so much work to do. Stop thinking of work and being worried out. That beats the whole purpose.
I asked how often he suggested that people come in for NuCalm treatments and he said that it differs, but that some people "need it daily." I couldn't assist but believe, based on my experience and the absence of tangible outcomes, that that appeared excessive. He handed me some research even more describing the science behind NuCalm before rushing off to his next visit, and I left sensation dissatisfied and a little nervous about my failure to feel less nervous through the treatment.
For the record, it's not. I discovered the experience to be a little New Age-y in practice, however the system truly is based in science. Drawing from neuroscience research study into the patterns the brain goes through during natural periods of relaxation, every part of NuCalm is developed to imitate that procedure and trigger a stressed out brain to switch equipments to a more relaxed state.
NuCalm works particularly on the body's repressive system, the GABAergic system. This gadget is bio-mimetic because it resets the naturally happening unfavorable feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which when correctly working is expected to turn off and stop launching cortisol from the adrenal glands after the end of a stressful event.
Individuals in this state are physically not able to have a nervous reaction. Within minutes of application, users will start to feel relief from the 'fight-or-flight' sympathetic anxious system action and their stress hormone (cortisol) levels will start to decrease as the HPA axis is prevented." Here's a quick breakdown of the science behind each stage of the NuCalm process.
It's in fact the main repressive neurotransmitter system in brain circuits. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid is a relaxation neurotransmitter that the body produces naturally when we're getting all set to sleep, so the tactic of utilizing GABA supplements to indicate the brain that it's time to cool down makes sense. What's not completely clear, however, is how reliable oral GABA supplements are in activating those advantages.
While some research studies have actually revealed that GABA can cross the blood-brain barrier, others have shown the opposite, recommending a possible placebo impact behind perceived advantages of the supplements. Scientists agree that more research is needed to determine how beneficial GABA supplements truly are. According to NuCalm's website, the disc "simplifies the process of activating the parasympathetic nervous system, by taking advantage of the body's Pericardium Meridian with particular electromagnetic (EM) frequencies." The disc (which, again, was a round sticker, about the size of a quarter, that was applied to the within my wrist) was, undoubtedly, my biggest source of skepticism while doing so, and NuCalm's main description of the science behind it highlights the most New Age-y vibes of the business.
It is assumed that if you can restore the frequencies that travel through the Meridians you can renew optimum physiology. Each NuCalm disc holds the EM frequency patterns of GABA and its precursors to deliver a pure biological signal to your body. When put on the within of your left wrist, at your Pericardium-6 acupuncture point, the disc sends a signal to the pericardium of your heart to activate local parasympathetic nerve fibers, which then transmit the signal to your brain informing it to increase vagal nerve output and start the process of slowing down the body.
In 2017, Gwyneth Paltrow's GOOP promoted a $120 brand name of bio-frequency sticker labels, causing a short-term viral moment for the tech. Regrettably for proponents of the gadgets, the reaction wasn't great, with Mark Shelhamer, former chief scientist at NASA's human research study division, especially decrying the GOOP-endorsed item as "snake oil." Although the NuCalm site describes that "each disc holds the electro-magnetic frequency patterns of GABA and its precursors to provide a pure biosignal to your body," it's unclear precisely how placing the sticker label on your wrist sets off that shipment.
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