Uape Jacana giant water lilies (Victoria amazonica) in Mato Grosso, Brazil.

by Brian Henderson

Lone Monkey Flower

Pacific Crest Trail, June '22

Genus : Diplacus

Family : Phrymaceae

Order : Lamiales

Wood's Cycad / Wood-se-broodboom — Encephalartos woodii

ICUN 3.1 status — EW (Extinct in the wild)

Population: Around 500 (All male clones in collections, institutions, botanical gardens, etc around the world)

Distribution: oNgoye forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

"Family Tree:"

Family - Zamiaceae

Subfamily - Encephalartoideae

Tribe - Encephalarteae

Subtribe - Encephalartinae

Genus - Encephalartos

Etymology:

Named after John Medley Wood, who discovered(?) it in 1895.

"Broodboom" is an Afrikaans word meaning "bread tree," referring to how the piths ((inside-most)) of the stems would be wrapped in animal skin, fermented, then ground up to make bread with.

Programs:

(Currently looking for these, they do likely exist as there are many endangered cycads and people are working preserve the species)

Cycads are palm-like, slow-growing trees that are reminiscent so many of the sorts of trees that grew around the dinosaurs. Rather they began evolving around 12 million years ago, whereas dinosaurs died off 54 million years ago; yet cycad-like species have been on earth for almost 300 million years. I don't know how to transition into this, but the only Wood's cycad found, in 1895, was a male, as a result all of the existing Wood's cycads in the world are male. Many expeditions for any others in the wild have been fruitless, so they likely will stay this way unless one of the trees somehow changes its gender.

Similarly to the 'Alalā, the Wood's cycad is (likely) one of the rarest species in a very endangered order. Unlike the crow species, this tree is highly sought-after by collectors around the world in an illegal cycad trade business, which causes devastating effects on the population of the already slow-growing plant. Some botanical sites have had to store their cycads behind locked gates so they aren't stolen. When these trees have been taken from their natural environment, this causes a predictable ripple effect within the other organisms in the area — the insects that pollinate cycads die when the cycads leave as they have relied so heavily on them for millions of years for food, reproduction, etc., so bringing them back into the wild causes the trees to die as they don't have pollinators.

Bibliography:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalartos_woodii

https://www.dimensions.com/element/woods-cycad-encephalartos-woodii

https://pza.sanbi.org/encephalartos-transvenosus

https://news.mongabay.com/2017/05/saving-the-most-endangered-plants-in-the-world/

Dicksonia antarctica

20-JAN-2023

Melbourne, Vic

#1956 - Austroblechnum chambersii - Lance Water-Fern

This is hardly the last New Zealand fern I’m likely to cover - some people call it the Land of Ferns, and there’s a reason why the Silver Fern Flag is the unofficial flag of the country. This isn’t that species, however.

AKA Blechnum chambersii, nini and rereti. Native to SE Australia, Samoa, Fiji and on the North Island of New Zealand and in many of the coastal forests of South Island. Usually found near creeks in shady, moist forests, where it grows in erect tufts on the forest floor or among rocks, or with downward arching fronds on wet banks as in these photos, or on fallen logs at the bases of tree-ferns.

The sterile and fertile fronds are quite different in appearance. The formermay be up to 60cm long, but the fertile fronds are shorter and limper.

The only known foodplant for the New Zealand moth Batrachedra litterata. In some parts of its range the  starchy rhizomes are eaten raw or roasted.

My lichen boy as a very little baby, he’s a old god of old Ascomycetes and almost all lichen fall in that division. Lichens are interesting because it’s not a heritage thing it’s more like a lifestyle choice. The ability to lichenize has been gained and lost several times. I read a paper that changed the emergence of lichens after crown tracheophytes (vascular plants, like ferns, horsetails etc) and I pictured his sister division, Glomeromycota sort of bringing him to land. Glomeromycetes are mycorrhizal and can kind of be… assholes about it. They can hoard everything and might force a symbiosis which is interesting. Um, yeah. I have more art for them floating around my blog.

The earliest allopolyploidization in tracheophytes revealed by phylotranscriptomics and morphology of Selaginellaceae

Selaginellaceae exhibit extraordinary evolutionary history in which they survived and thrived during the Permian-Triassic extinction and did not undergo polyploidization. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Selaginellaceae by applying large-scale nuclear genes from RNA-seq, and found that each group showed phylogenetic incongruences among single-gene trees with different frequencies. In particular, three different phylogenetic positions of the sanguinolenta group were recovered by different nuclear gene sets. We evaluated the factors that might lead to the phylogenetic incongruence of the sanguinolenta group and concluded that hybridization between each ancestor of two superclades is the most likely cause. We presented the supporting evidence from gene flow test, species network inference, and plastome-based phylogeny. Furthermore, morphological characters and chromosomal evidence also lend support to the hybrid origin of this group. The divergence time estimations, using two gene sets respectively, indicated the splits between the sanguinolenta group and each related superclade happened around the same period, implying that the hybridization event probably occurred during the Early Triassic. This study reveals an ancient allopolyploidization with integrative evidence and robust analyses, which sheds new light on the recalcitrant phylogenetic problem of the sanguinolenta group and reports the polyploidization in the basal vascular plants, Selaginellaceae. http://dlvr.it/T1p60R

What Fixings Are in Animale Capsules?

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There are fixings in the recipe that can increment blood stream. This could bring about bigger erections, which would build the delight appreciated during the sexual commitment. More blood in the lower parts might actually influence the penile chambers. In the event that this recipe is utilized, the size of the penis might be unique.

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Horny Goat Weed is a flavor that has reignited Seneca intersexual pressures since the 2,000-year-old retirement age. It is difficult to team up to accomplish sex-related achievement since it increments desires. Drives are the main part of a significant, colossal, and tedious development project. Its concordance and results in sexed course oblige hip bone socket human apparatus training.

Saw Palmetto Natural product Concentrate - This concentrate is produced using the product of the saw palmetto plant, principally the berries, which are squashed and protected alongside ox-like lipids.

Sarsaparilla Root Concentrate - This concentrate, which incorporates Scholar, is taken from a tracheophyte plant to deal with hardships like messy dressing and recklessness. This twill fills in as a channel for testosterone to enter the organ.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/animalecapsules/

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Besides, there are basically no suitable results for the item's credits. The extraordinary larger part of specialists recommended this medication to their patients who were experiencing issues keeping an erection. Indeed, even physically sent illnesses can be relieved.

There are fixings in the recipe that can increment blood stream. This could bring about bigger erections, which would build the delight appreciated during the sexual commitment. More blood in the lower parts might actually influence the penile chambers. In the event that this recipe is utilized, the size of the penis might be unique.

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Tongkat Ali - Nowadays, phenomenal clinical reports are held by this insight, which collaborates with a change course to on occasion untrustworthy another accentuation of intersexual delights for its invitee. On the off chance that Tongkat Ali is reliably evolved, there is a propensity to invest longer energy in sexual relations and a higher gamble of an excess bust of life.

Lignin, a phenolic polymer derived mainly from hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is ubiquitously present in tracheophytes. The development of lignin biosynthesis has been considered to be one of the key factors that allowed land plants to flourish in terrestrial ecosystems. Lignin provides structural rigidity for tracheophytes to stand upright, and strengthens the cell wall of their water-conducting tracheary elements to withstand the negative pressure generated during transpiration. In this review, we discuss a number of aspects regarding the origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis during land plant evolution, including the establishment of its monomer biosynthetic scaffold, potential precursors to the lignin polymer, as well as the emergence of the polymerization machinery and regulatory system.

The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis - Weng - 2010 - New Phytologist - Wiley Online Library

STAGE 2: Group youselves into: Plants Edition

HIIII EVERYONE! For this blog, we are going to play Trip to Jerusalem.

Let's start... Group youselves into MONOCOT and DICOT!!!

HAHAHAHA yes you've read that right! Group youselves into Monocot because we are not just going to play, we are also learning about the classification of Plants, more specifically about ANGIOSPERMS. 🏵🌸💐🌹🥀🌺🌻🌲🌿

Did you know that angiosperms are the most advanced group of plants among the tracheophytes. They are known to be those plants that bear flower and seeds enclosed in a fruit making their means of dispersal more successful. This plant groupnis further categorized as MONOCOT or DICOT.

In our activity in the class, we went outside to look for plant species and our job was to classify if it was monocot or dicot base on the distinguishing characteristics of the plant.

PLANT SPECIES #1 :

MONGO AND PECHAY, LANGKA AND TOMATO

For seeds, we have here pechay and mongo seeds in monocot while tomato seed and langka seed in dicot category.

As you can see, we categorized pechay and mongo in monocot in which these two should be dicot. WHY?

Monocots have only one seed leaf inside the seed coat. It is often only a thin leaf, because the endosperm to feed the new plant is not inside the seed leaf. Dicots have two seed leaves inside the seed coat. They are usually rounded and fat, because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant.

Examples of a monocot seeds are corn, onion and rice.

PLANT SPECIES #2 :

CARPET GRASS, MAYANA and MANGO LEAF

For leaves, we got carpet grass and an unknown type of grass for monocot and mayana leaf and mango leaf for dicot.

Fortunately, my group are right for all four this time.

Now, what is the difference between a monocot leaf and dicot leaf?

Monocot leaves have parallel venation. The leaves are slender and longer or elongated in shape, they have isobilateral orientation. While, Dicot leaves are generally rounded and have reticulate venation, they have dorsoventral orientation.

Overall, the activity felt like we are in an adventure and it was reallyyyyyy fun and interactive especially in nature.

To view our whole worksheet, you can access it through this link. (remove the https://href.li/?” at the beginning of the link)

Thank you for reading! See you at the next blog. 🌻

Emman,

the boy who studies science.

Nicole Pisani & Kate Adams, “The Seaweed Cookbook”, 2019, PART TWO (II).

Elizabeth Andoh, “Kansha: Celebrating Japan’s Vegan and Vegetarian Traditions”, 2010 was the topic of an earlier blog post.   Nicole Pisani & Kate Adams, “The Seaweed Cookbook”, 2019 also was the topic of an earlier blog post. Here I present: Nicole Pisani & Kate Adams, “The Seaweed Cookbook”, 2019 PART TWO (II).  Seaweed are non-tracheophyte (or simply “algae”). Algae (Sea Greens) “seaweed” 海藻…

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#purple #flowers “Guaiacum officinale, commonly known as roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood or gaïacwood, is a species of tree in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, that is native to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America. Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Zygophyllales Family: Zygophyllaceae Genus: Guaiacum Species: G. officinale” - Wikipedia Keep #blooming #perspective #flowers #flowerstagram #florestagram #instaflowers #instaflores #fleurs #instafleurs #fleurstagram #instablooms #gardening #containergardening #stamen #pistil #botany #ip_flowers #mta_flowers #nature #naturephotography https://www.instagram.com/p/CprGO5nDAAI/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

Unanticipated Developments inside Copper mineral Treatment coming from Aβ Peptide: While Significantly less Ligand Is best and also Zn Helps.

We were in a position to replicate in our style the actual bias for doing things assortment observed in mice. Each of our results furthermore demonstrated that biasing the particular incentive conjecture is sufficient develop a customization from the activity selection. Nevertheless, we had to increase the proportion of tests using activation relative to that within studies to be able to change up the selection. Many of us found out that escalating exactly the reward conjecture were built with a various influence when the stimulation in RP has been actions dependent (limited to a particular action) or otherwise. All of us even more checked out the advancement in the difference in the actual weight load based on the period regarding mastering within a stop. The prejudice in RP impacts the particular plasticity differently depending on which stage but additionally for the final result. It stays to be able to experimentally check how a dopaminergic nerves are afflicted by particular stimulations involving neurons in the striatum also to relate info to be able to forecasts in our design.Bryophytes, any paraphyletic class such as liverworts, mosses, as well as hornworts, are already mentioned because terrain vegetation that below steel stress (specifically cadmium) don't synthesize metal-binding proteins for example phytochelatins. Furthermore, hardly any details are offered to night out concerning phytochelatin combination throughout charophytes, postulated is the direct forebears regarding property plants, or even in lycophytes, particularly extremely basal tracheophytes. With this examine, it had been hypothesized that basal property plant life as well as charophytes are capable to create phytochelatins as well as have constitutive and also well-designed phytochelatin synthases. To verify this specific hypothesis, 12 bryophyte species (six liverworts, several mosses, and a couple hornworts), about three charophytes, and a couple lycophyte types have been exposed to 036 M cadmium for 72h, then assayed regarding: (we) glutathione and also phytochelatin quali-quantitative content through HPLC along with size spectrometry; (two) the existence of putative phytochelatin synthases through american blotting; along with (3) within vitro action regarding phytochelatin synthases. Of all the species screened, ten developed phytochelatins throughout vivo, even though the some other 7 failed to. A good any constitutively expressed and also functional phytochelatin synthase had been demonstrated in all of the bryophyte lineages and in the actual lycophyte Selaginella denticulata, and not within the charophytes. Consequently, existing information as outlined by phytochelatins have already been stated to be missing throughout bryophytes ended up being as a result confuted with this work. It can be argued that the power to synthesize phytochelatins, along with the existence of energetic phytochelatin synthases, are our ancestors (plesiomorphic) figures pertaining to basal land vegetation check details .Your papers through Brown posits that dangers through prenatal experience of picky serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) anti-depressants are certainly not not the same as the hazards stumbled upon in the basic human population which improper results of SSRIs are difficult to tell apart coming from those of the climate dysfunction. Indeed, mother's anxiety and depression may have bad effects pertaining to fetal and also postnatal advancement.

#1903 - Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum - Kangaroo Fern

If you had to describe New Zealand’s climate in one word, that word might be ‘moist’, given the Islands are mountainous roadblocks in the way of every weather front coming across the Pacific, or howling up out of the Antarctic. There’s a reason the Māori-language name of the country is Aotearoa - "land of the long white cloud". @purrdence​’s been over there for a month and has only seen the top of a mountain, unobscured by cloud, once, and that was from a plane flying overhead. Admittedly that might also have something to do with the cyclone that’s closed half the railways and major roads. 

But even if I’m exaggerating about the climate, New Zealand enjoys a wide variety of large and handsome ferns, so I’m going to be discussing a few. 

These ferns, which can grow up to 50cm long, were growing near Huka Falls, where 220,000 liters of water a second roars through a canyon 15m across.  AKA hound's tongue, and in Māori: kōwaowao, or pāraharaha, Kangaroo Fern is also known from the moister parts of Eastern Australia, where is presumably where it got that  common name.  M. pustulatum subsp. howense is endemic to Lord Howe Island. Zealandia has also been suggested as the generic name.

They’re adept epiphytes, common on tree ferns but also branches and trunks of trees, on rocks, logs and occasionally along the ground in wet forests and rainforests. If conditions are suitable, a good garden or terrarium fern.

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