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phynxrizng · 6 years

Text

A DEFINITION OF ...YULE

For other uses, see Yule (disambiguation).

Yule or Yuletide ("Yule time") is a festival observed by the historical Germanic peoples. Scholars have connected the celebration to the Wild Hunt, the god Odin, and the pagan Anglo-Saxon Mōdraniht. It later underwent Christianised reformulation resulting in the term Christmastide.

Yule

Hauling a Yule log at Christmas, 1832

Also called Yuletide, Yulefest

Observed by Various Northern Europeans, Neopagans, Unitarian Universalists

Type Cultural, Germanic Pagan then Christian, secular, contemporary Paganism

Significance Winter Festival

Date winter solstice

Frequency annual

Winter solstice (Midwinter), Christmastide, quarter days,

Related to

Wheel of the Year, Winter festivals, Christmas

Terms with an etymological equivalent to Yule are used in the Nordic countries for Christmas with its religious rites, but also for the holidays of this season. Today Yule is also used to a lesser extent in the English-speaking world as a synonym for Christmas. Present day Christmas customs and traditions such as the Yule log, Yule goat, Yule boar, Yule singing, and others stem from pagan Yule. Today the event is celebrated in Heathenry and some other forms of Modern Paganism.

Etymology

Yule is the modern English representation of the Old English words ġéol or ġéohol and ġéola or ġéoli, with the former indicating the 12-day festival of "Yule" (later: "Christmastide") and the latter indicating the month of "Yule", whereby ǽrra ġéola referred to the period before the Yule festival (December) and æftera ġéola referred to the period after Yule (January). Both words are thought to be derived from Common Germanic *jeχʷla-, and are cognate with Gothic (fruma) jiuleis; Old Norse, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk jól, jol, ýlir; Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian Bokmål jul. [1][2] The etymological pedigree of the word, however, remains uncertain, though numerous speculative attempts have been made to find Indo-European cognates outside the Germanic group, too. [3] The noun Yuletide is first attested from around 1475. [4]

The word is attested in an explicitly pre-Christian context primarily in Old Norse. Among many others (see List of names of Odin), the long-bearded god Odin bears the names jólfaðr (Old Norse for "Yule father") and jólnir ("the Yule one"). In plural (Old Norse jólnar, "the Yule ones") may refer to the Norse gods in general. In Old Norse poetry, the word is often employed as a synonym for 'feast', such as in the kenning hugins jól (Old Norse "Huginn's Yule" → "a raven's feast"). [5]

Jolly may share the same etymology, [6] but was borrowed from Old French jolif (→ French joli), itself from Old Norse jól + Old French suffix -if (compare Old French aisif "easy", Modern French festif = fest "feast" + -if). The word was first mentioned by the Anglo-Norman chronicler Geoffrey Gaimar in his Estoire des Engleis, or "History of the English People", written between 1136–40. [7]

Germanic paganism

Yule was an indigenous midwinter festival celebrated by the Germanic peoples. The earliest references to it are in the form of month names, where the Yule-tide period lasts somewhere around two months in length, falling along the end of the modern calendar year between what is now mid-November and early January. [8]

Attestations

Yule is attested early in the history of the Germanic peoples; from the 4th-century Gothic language it appears in the month name fruma jiuleis, and, in the 8th century, the English historian Bede wrote that the Anglo-Saxon calendar included the months geola or giuli corresponding with either modern December or December and January. [9]

While the Old Norse month name ýlir is similarly attested, the Old Norse corpus also contains numerous references to an event by the Old Norse form of the name, jól. In chapter 55 of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál, different names for the gods are given. One of the names provided is "Yule-beings". A work by the skald Eyvindr Skáldaspillir that uses the term is then quoted, which reads "again we have produced Yule-being's feast [mead of poetry], our rulers' eulogy, like a bridge of masonry". [10] In addition, one of the numerous names of Odin is Jólnir, referring to the event. [11]

The Saga of Hákon the Good credits King Haakon I of Norway with the Christianisation of Norway as well as rescheduling the date of Yule to coincide with Christian celebrations held at the time. The saga states that when Haakon arrived in Norway he was confirmed a Christian, but since the land was still altogether heathen and the people retained their pagan practices, Haakon hid his Christianity to receive the help of the "great chieftains". In time, Haakon had a law passed establishing that Yule celebrations were to take place at the same time as the Christians celebrated Christmas, "and at that time everyone was to have ale for the celebration with a measure of grain, or else pay fines, and had to keep the holiday while the ale lasted." [12]

Yule had previously been celebrated for three nights from midwinter night, according to the saga. Haakon planned that when he had solidly established himself and held power over the whole country, he would then "have the gospel preached". According to the saga, the result was that his popularity caused many to allow themselves to be baptised, and some people stopped making sacrifices. Haakon spent most of this time in Trondheim. When Haakon believed that he wielded enough power, he requested a bishop and other priests from England, and they came to Norway. On their arrival, "Haakon made it known that he would have the gospel preached in the whole country." The saga continues, describing the different reactions of various regional things. [12]

A description of pagan Yule practices is provided (notes are Hollander's own):

It was ancient custom that when sacrifice was to be made, all farmers were to come to the heathen temple and bring along with them the food they needed while the feast lasted. At this feast all were to take part of the drinking of ale. Also all kinds of livestock were killed in connection with it, horses also; and all the blood from them was called hlaut [ sacrificial blood ], and hlautbolli, the vessel holding the blood; and hlautteinar, the sacrificial twigs [ aspergills ]. These were fashioned like sprinklers, and with them were to be smeared all over with blood the pedestals of the idols and also the walls of the temple within and without; and likewise the men present were to be sprinkled with blood. But the meat of the animals was to be boiled and served as food at the banquet. Fires were to be lighted in the middle of the temple floor, and kettles hung over them. The sacrificial beaker was to be borne around the fire, and he who made the feast and was chieftain, was to bless the beaker as well as all the sacrificial meat. [13]

The narrative continues that toasts were to be drunk. The first toast was to be drunk to Odin "for victory and power to the king", the second to the gods Njörðr and Freyr "for good harvests and for peace", and thirdly a beaker was to be drunk to the king himself. In addition, toasts were drunk to the memory of departed kinsfolk. These were called minni. [13]

Theories and interpretation

Scholars have connected the month event and Yule time period to the Wild Hunt (a ghostly procession in the winter sky), the god Odin (who is attested in Germanic areas as leading the Wild Hunt and, as mentioned above, bears the name Jólnir), and increased supernatural activity, such as the aforementioned Wild Hunt and the increased activities of draugar—undead beings who walk the earth. [14]

Modranicht, an event focused on collective female beings attested by Bede as having occurred among the pagan Anglo-Saxons on what is now Christmas Eve, has been seen as further evidence of a fertility event during the Yule period. [8]

The events of Yule are generally held to have centred on Midwinter (although specific dating is a matter of debate), and feasting, drinking, and sacrifice (blót) were involved. Scholar Rudolf Simek comments that the pagan Yule feast "had a pronounced religious character" and comments that "it is uncertain whether the Germanic Yule feast still had a function in the cult of the dead and in the veneration of the ancestors, a function which the mid-winter sacrifice certainly held for the West European Stone and Bronze Ages." The traditions of the Yule log, Yule goat, Yule boar (Sonargöltr) still reflected in the Christmas ham, Yule singing, and others stem from Yule customs, and customs which Simek says "indicates the significance of the feast in pre-Christian times." [15]

Contemporary traditions

In modern Germanic language-speaking areas and some other Northern European countries, historical cognates to English yule denote the Christmas holiday season. Examples include Jul (Sweden), Jul (Denmark), Jul/Jol (Norway), Jól (Iceland and the Faroe Islands), Joulu (Finland), Joelfest (Friesian), Joelfeest (Dutch) and jõulud (Estonia).

Neopaganism

As forms of Neopaganism can be quite different and have very different origins, these representations can vary considerably despite the shared name. Some celebrate in a way as close as possible to how they believe Ancient Germanic pagans observed the tradition, while others observe the holiday with rituals "assembled from different sources". [16]

In Germanic Neopagan sects, Yule is celebrated with gatherings that often involve a meal and gift giving. Groups such as the Asatru Folk Assembly in the US recognise the celebration as lasting 12 days, beginning on the date of the winter solstice. [17]

In most forms of Wicca, this holiday is celebrated at the winter solstice as the rebirth of the Great horned hunter god, [18] who is viewed as the newborn solstice sun. The method of gathering for this sabbat varies by practitioner. Some have private ceremonies at home, [19] while others do so with their covens. [20]

See also

Holidays portal

Dísablót, an event attested from Old Norse sources as having occurred among the pagan Norse

Mōdraniht, an event attested by Bede as having occurred among the pagan Anglo-Saxons on what is now Christmas Eve

Saturnalia, an ancient Roman festival in honour of the deity Saturn, held on December 17 and expanded with festivities through December 23

Yaldā Night, an Iranian festival celebrated on the "longest and darkest night of the year." Notes

1. ^ Bosworth & Toller (1898:424); Hoad (1996:550); Orel (2003:205)

2. ^ "Bokmålsordboka | Nynorskordboka"

Retrieved 2017-03-11.

3. ^ For a brief overview of the proposed etymologies, see Orel (2003:205).

4. ^ Barnhart (1995:896).

5. ^ Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874:326).

6. ^ T. F. Hoad, English Etymology, Oxford University Press, 1993 (ISBN 0-19-283098-8).

7. ^ Site CNTRL ; Etymology of joli (in French)

8. ^ a b Orchard (1997:187).

9. ^ Simek (2007:379).

10. ^ Faulkes (1995:133).

11. ^ Simek (2007:180–181).

12. ^ a b Hollander (2007:106).

13. ^ a b Hollander (2007:107).

14. ^ Simek (2007:180—181 & 379—380) and Orchard (1997:187).

15. ^ Simek (2007:379–380).

16. ^ Hutton, Ronald (December 2008). "Modern Pagan Festivals: A Study in the Nature of Tradition". Folklore. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd. 119 (3): 251–273. doi:10.1080/00155870802352178 . JSTOR 40646468

17. ^ McNallen, Stephen The Twelve Days of Yule – 2005 Archived 9 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine.

18. ^ James Buescher (15 December 2007). "Wiccans, pagans ready to celebrate Yule" . Lancaster Online. Retrieved 21 December 2007.

19. ^ Andrea Kannapell (21 December 1997). "Celebrations; It's Solstice, Hanukkah, Kwannza: Let There Be Light!"

Retrieved 21 December 2007.

References

Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology. Harper Collins. ISBN 0062700847

Bosworth, Joseph; Toller, T. Northcote (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda. Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3.

Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874). An Icelandic-English Dictionary: Based on the Ms. Collections of the Late Richard Cleasby. Clarendon Press.

Hoad, T. F. (1996). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-283098-8.

Hollander, M. Lee (Trans.) (2007). Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-73061-8

Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2.

Orel, Vladimir (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pg. 205. ISBN 90-04-12875-1.

Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer ISBN 0-85991-513-1 External links

Quotations related to Yule at Wikiquote

Media related to Yule at Wikimedia Commons

Last edited on 27 November 2017, at 12:06

Source, Wikipedia

Posted by,PHYNXRIZNG

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hetaliaoccritique-blog1 · 7 years

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⠀⠀⠀┌────··· *♪ °＋ ⠀⠀⠀│ ↟ ʙᴀsɪᴄ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ⠀⠀⠀└─────────────··· ×°. ⋆ 🇬🇱

⠀⠀» ғᴜʟʟ ɴᴀᴍᴇ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀αgnєѕ ѕαmøѕѕєn

The first thing I will want the creator to think about. Her name.

Agnes is a name of Greek origin, and is popular in mainland Denmark but not Greenland.

In Greenland, the average language is of Inuit, North American descent, which is Greenlandic. Greenlandic names don’t follow a singular pattern, although many are of some Northern European reflection;

-Laila -Laura -Maja -Ane But Greenland is an autonomous region, meaning it follows home rule. So I think a Greenlandic person would be passionate for their independence, and so I will leave a link to a website with the top 10 Greenland names.

http://www.babynamefacts.com/popularnames/countries.php?country=GRN#.WSRd22jysU0

⠀⠀» ᴍᴇᴀɴɪɴɢ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀༝ “Agnes” can also be from Danish origin, but it is also derived from the Greek Hagnē, which is from hagnos (chaste, pure, sacred). The name was borne by a thirteen-year-old Roman martyred for her Christian beliefs during the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian. “Samøssen” is from Greenlandic/Old Danish origin.

⠀⠀» ɴɪᴄᴋɴᴀᴍᴇs. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Green Greenie Grøn Ag

⠀⠀» ᴀɢᴇ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀In physical appearance, she’s 18-19. In realistic age, she’s around 4,500 years old. The ice sheet in Greenland has been around for 4,000 years.

4,500 /since birth/ is what you Mean?

I think around 2,800 is the oldest she could possible be. And about 20 in human appearance?

⠀⠀» ʙɪʀᴛʜᴅᴀᴛᴇ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀May 3rd

I think this may need some reasoning behind it, so an explanation would validate this date.

⠀⠀» ʜᴇɪɢʜᴛ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀5'3"

⠀⠀» ᴡᴇɪɢʜᴛ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀120 lbs.

⠀⠀» ɢᴇɴᴅᴇʀ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Female

⠀⠀» ᴏʀɪᴇɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ⠀⠀⠀⠀bisexual

⠀⠀» ʜᴏᴍᴇᴛᴏᴡɴ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Eqalugaarsuit

Honestly Eqalugaarsuit is an extremely small town (their population is about 144) so this should be a place of historical importance, perhaps Nuuk; I know it’s mainstream and the largest city but its history also is very old.

⠀⠀» ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ʀᴇsɪᴅᴇɴᴄᴇ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Eqalugaarsuit

⠀⠀» ʜᴇʀɪᴛᴀɢᴇ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀༝ Her heritage is mostly Inuit/Danish decent. That is why her hair is a much darker brown, due to her also having Danish influences. ┌────··· *♪ °＋ ⠀⠀⠀│ ↟ ɪɴ ᴅᴇᴘᴛʜ. ⠀⠀⠀└─────────────··· ×°. ⋆ 🇬🇱

⠀⠀⠀&. ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟɪᴛʏ — ☆

Agnes is really hotheaded and can get angry extremely easily; especially around Denmark and sometimes Norway. She has a short temper much like South Italy.

Avoid any crutch to a canon character as much as you can! That makes it seem like you’re adding a personality trait in their influence !!

She liked to hold grudges having to do with the past and she can’t get over things easily. Although she seems like she has a hard shell, she does have a soft spot ; and that’s if she sees Denmark in an upset mood. When this happens, her attitude changes completely and she tries doing things that’ll make him happy. Though Denmark in a bad mood is on rare occasions, when this happens she either avoids it, or she tries the best she can to cheer him up without seeming suspicious.

>I’ll get to this later my man

She doesn’t really have motherly instincts, so this would be weird for her to act as if she does.

The only time she is really reasonable with Denmark is when she’s drunk (but even then, her attitude is worse), or in a good mood if he’s lucky. Whenever Denmark tries to have a sane conversation with her, she huffs and refuses to even listen to him. One thing to learn about Agnes is that if you make her mad even over the smallest things, she will hold a grudge.

This is slightly confusing? I might have misread, but if she tries to make him happy but refuses to listen to him this is quite a bundle.

It may seem like Agnes is just this big meanie, but she knows when to be polite. She isn’t rude towards strangers and has decent etiquette. If you respect her and refer to her as her own country, You could be on good terms with her. Due to Inuits believing that everything has a soul, she believes that as well. She can communicate with ghosts and believes there are good ghost (spirits) that exist. She used to be an avid whale Hunter like Faroe Islands. She currently is dependent on Denmark and lives with him.

As said, Greenland has an extremely contrasting culture to mainland Denmark It has autonomy and home rule so I don’t see a huge reason for her to live with Denmark?

Throat singing, a traditional thing held in Inuit culture is very much alive in present day Greenland. Although she’s a little rusty, she’s good enough at it. One of the few things she’s prideful and proud about. Her current residency is not the capital, nuuk; she hates large crowds. It often makes her nervous.

Ah. But Greenland has quite a small population. After looking for more info on Greenland’s population; “Since they are rarely visited, they enjoy the company of others enjoying their cultures. It is entirely possible to go many miles without seeing anyone, which is why they appreciate visitors.”

Nuuk doesn’t really have large crowds, unless there is a large event happening.

She lives in the very small village of Eqalugaarsuit. The main economic occupations are hunting and fishing, and this very small village is located at the southern tip of Greenland. The village contains a church, service house, and a home for the elderly. There is also a school there that only inhabits 30 children so it’s very small. Greenland used to go to school, that’s where she learned her Danish and also her native language, Kalaalisut. But she stopped going to school, due to being busy with her country’s economy and so on. After her high school days, she never went to college. For now, she’s mostly street smart. Now, as for her and Norway, One of the original colonists of Greenland along with Iceland, the Norwegian’s settlements died out around the 13th century. However, Greenland and Norway still maintain a close relationship today. She considers him more of a Big Brother or an Uncle. Her first settlers were Norse and Icelandic so she would be sorta related to them in a way. She sorta considers the Nordics her brothers, not much Sweden and Finland but Norway, Iceland and Denmark. Her opinion on Norway is pretty Neutral though, only thing she grudges him over is that he gave up on Greenland and Denmark took full sovereignty over it.

>considers the nordics brothers This is quite innacurate, as Greenland would prefer North-west Territories, Yukon, Alaska, Nunavut and any other settling that has Inuit influences.

But that wasn’t entirely his fault, he was growing weaker. She forgives him but that’s pretty much all, she’s not exactly as rude to him as she is to Denmark and they can relate. They get along on most occasions and rarely argue with each other. Same with Iceland, she considers him a brother. Iceland was one of the first countries to colonize the desolate tundra of Greenland, along with Norway, but their Greenlandic settlements died out during the 16th century. Iceland and Greenland are still best friends, though. After the Norwegian and Icelandic settlements died out, Greenland pretty much became a loner. However, during the 1800s, the Danes sent out ships to find various sea passages to Asia, and remembered the land claims in Greenland they had inherited from Norway. Nobody really considered the claims legit, but they let Denmark take over Greenland anyway. Denmark has done many bad things to Greenland and practically damaged the island country. She is currently recovering from it, but she believes she will forever hold that grudge against him. She hardly trusts him ever, this is why Norway and Green can relate.

a* thank u for includin dis

Canada and Greenland are Maritime neighbors; she thinks Canada is a very nice man and can also get along with him on most occasions. He hasn’t done anything wrong to her really. America is practically Greenland’s step brother, but it bothers Agnes that Alfred is sorta like Denmark but less “annoying"and more tolerable. America isn’t as concerning of Greenland as he used to be back then, but he still concerns for her safety after WW2. These two are the best of friends overall, America still cares for her like a step-sister. Faroe Islands, One of Greenlands real relatives, and Denmark’s territores. Greenland and Faroe don’t see each other much anymore, but mostly on Christmas. On Christmas, All Nordic/Nordic territories gather up for Christmas and they all share their cultures and try their traditional foods. They also do other normal events such as sitting and watching a Christmas movie. ⠀⠀⠀

⠀⠀⠀&. ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴀɴᴄᴇ — ☆

⠀⠀ Agnes is about 5'2-5'3” tall, she weighs about 120-130 lbs. Her body type is more “pear shaped”, her chest being more flat but she’s a little more curvaceous from the waist down. Geographically why she seems to be shaped that way is because, there aren’t a lot of cities in the center of Greenland. Most are on the rocky coasts. Due to there being more people living there, the “curvy” part of her are the rocky borders, and the chest part of her is most of the center of Greenland which is where the ice sheet is. Although she looks a little flat above she’s muscular around the arms, due to harpooning whales and narwals back when that was legal.

I also heard that many Greenlanders are thicc bc the arctic conditions. They need fat to survive

⠀⠀⠀Their skin is a caramel brown due to Mongolian influence. Original Inuits from Greenland are said to be traced back to Mongolians or Siberia. Some distinguishing marks or features that she has are a few scars on her lower arms due to hunting incidents back when whaling and hunting seals, etc were legal. She is rather clumsy so there have been a few accidents she’s been through when unprepared. ⠀⠀⠀Agnes’s hair varies from dark brown to black due to central Asian/Mongolian influence. It is a bit wavy though as well. The density is very light and her hair almost reaches her lower back. Due to her hair being so long and hard to maintain, she has to hold it back in a bun– which is seen in her casual outfit. At the top of her bun, there’s a small cowlick representing Nuuk. There are two other small cowlicks at the bottom, representing her second and third largest cities, Sisimiut and Ilulissat. Though “city” is hardly ever used in Greenland, given that the most populated area in Greenland is Nuuk with over 16, 000,000 people (one fourth of the country), some people use the terms by (Danish for ‘town’) and bygd (Danish for 'settlement’) as the way to refer to any other populated area that isn’t nuuk. ⠀⠀⠀Agnes’s eyes is almond shaped and narrowed, due to Asian influence. The colour of her eyes vary from a dark brown to black.

The only thing here: >asian influence< ?? what do you mean? it’s much easier to simplify, as Asia is a continent, not an ethnicity or country Like idk if u mean Saudi Arabia or Malaysia or China here, they’re all asian. (The term for “”asian eyes”” in Monolid, some people use Mongoloid as well)

⠀⠀⠀She is usually drawn or seen in her casual outfit; a green turtle neck sweater, with faded blue pants and snow boots. in her casual outfit her hair is always tied back. She is usually seen in this outfit, especially in world meetings but she could also be seen in her uniform which consists of a fur lined beige jacket, beige pants and the same snow boots she wears in her casual outfit. Her uniform is worn when she’s outside and the climate is really cold. Other than that, her casual outfit is the most worn especially at a formal event. She doesn’t like to show her skin a lot, so she does not wear a lot of revealing outfits or dresses

⠀⠀⠀┌────··· *♪ °＋ ⠀⠀⠀│ ↟ ʜᴇᴀᴅᴄᴀɴᴏɴs. ⠀⠀⠀└─────────────··· ×°. ⋆ 🇬🇱

✩ since my headcanon for Denmark is that he can speak both faroese and kalaalisut, he often talks to her in kalaalisut if he’s trying to get her to listen. He’s a bit rusty at it but it definitely gets her attention.

✩ Agnes has more of a “Viking accent” like Norway, Denmark and Sweden. She often picked it up from Norway, which was her original settler but the only thing you could distinguish from her accent compared to the Scandinavians is that her “s” sounds much more different, like “csh”, almost a sort of Germanic accent.

✩ she often likes to hunt on her own without the help of anyone unless it’s a huge animal or a whale. But due to greenpeace banning the hunting of narwhals and selling the skin of seals that took some of the easiness out of hunting bigger food; she now just hunts polar bears on her own. There are times that Denmark begs to help with her hunting, but she can’t really tolerate him just by being by his side. ⠀⠀┌────··· *♪ °＋ ⠀⠀⠀│ ↟ ᴇxᴛʀᴀs. ⠀⠀⠀└─────────────··· ×°. ⋆ 🇬🇱

⠀⠀⠀&. ғᴀᴠᴏʀɪᴛᴇs — ☆

⠀⠀⠀food » qiviut

This here is vague bc I always thought qiviut was wool, not food lmao

⠀⠀⠀drink » Beer ⠀⠀⠀colors » green; this is obvious

Not really haha >> The name “greenland” was created as a way to trick and attract settlers into visiting Greenland. Same thing w/iceland wyd

⠀⠀⠀music genre » ⠀⠀⠀movie genre » ⠀⠀⠀book » none; doesn’t read often ⠀⠀⠀sports team » none ⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀&. ᴀᴇsᴛʜᴇᴛɪᴄ — ☆ A dark cold, snowy night with a sky full of variations of bright colours such as green and purple, as a calm wind blows west.

pure definition of aesthetic ,,, like omg i love this it is really fitting for greenland

⠀⠀⠀&. ᴘʟᴀʏʟɪsᴛ — ☆

⠀⠀⠀Stranded - Original Concept You let me in your kingdom/ Made me strong and healed my cuts / You filled my head with wisdom / And left me standing in the dust ♪

⠀┌────··· *♪ °＋ ⠀⠀⠀│ ↟ cσuntrч ɪɴғᴏ. ⠀⠀⠀└─────────────··· ×°. ⋆ 🇬🇱

⠀⠀⠀&. ᴀᴛ ᴀ ɢʟᴀɴᴄᴇ — ☆

⠀⠀» ɴɪᴄᴋɴᴀᴍᴇs. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Green, Ag, Grøn, Greeny, Greenie.

⠀⠀» ᴄᴀᴘɪᴛᴀʟ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Nuuk

⠀⠀» ʟᴀʀɢᴇsᴛ ᴄɪᴛʏ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Nuuk

⠀⠀» ᴍᴏᴛᴛᴏ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀"One of the greatest things about mental freedoms is that you can truly not give a shit what anyone thinks of you.“

⠀⠀» sᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀May 5th, 1945.

⠀⠀» ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀56,196

⠀⠀» ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴏʀ. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Aleqa Hammond

⠀⠀» ᴛᴏᴘ 5 ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇʀᴄᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɴᴇʀs. ⠀⠀⠀⠀Denmark • China • Russia • Japan • Sweden Iceland • Canada •

⠀⠀⠀&. ʜɪsᴛᴏʀɪᴄ ᴏᴜᴛʟɪɴᴇ — ☆ The first inhabitants of Greenland were the Inuit. They lived in Greenland for long periods but there were also times when Greenland was uninhabited. The first people to live in Greenland were the Saqqaq people who lived there from about 2,500 BC to about 900 BC. Greenland was then uninhabited to about 500 BC when the Dorset people came. They lived in Greenland till about the 1st century AD. The Thule people arrived in Greenland in the 10th century. The Vikings arrived in Greenland at the end of the 10th century. They were led by Erikr Povaldsson (c.950-1003), known as Erik the Red because of his red hair. Erik first sailed to Greenland about 982 and he like what he saw. Erik the Red is said to have given the country its name 'Greenland’ hoping it would attract settlers. At any rate around 985 Erik led the first Viking settlers to Greenland. He set out with a fleet of 25 ships but only 14 of them made it. The Vikings were able to live in Greenland because at that time the climate of was milder that it is today and the settlers were able to live by farming. The Vikings made two settlements in Greenland, a Western and an Eastern settlement. Eventually the European population of Greenland rose to over 3,000. In 1126 Greenland gained a bishop and in 1261 Greenland became part of Norway. Then in 1380 Norway was joined to Denmark and Greenland came under Danish rule. Throughout history the climate of the Earth has varied. In the 10th century the Earth was relatively warm. That allowed the Vikings to settle on Greenland. However in the early 14th century the Earth cooled spelling doom for the colonies in Greenland. The Viking settlements in Greenland died out in the 15th Century. In 1578 the Englishman Martin Frobisher landed on Greenland. Then in 1585 and 1587 John Davis explored the eastern coast and the Davis Strait is named after him. From the late 17th century European whalers visited Greenland. Europeans returned to Greenland permanently in 1721 when the missionary Hans Egede (1686-1758) went to evangelize the Inuit. In 1728 Egede founded Godthab (now called Nuuk). Greenland formally came under Danish rule again in 1729. In 1888 a Norwegian named Fridtjof Nansen led the first expedition to cross Greenland. In 1940 the Germans occupied Denmark but afterwards, in 1941 the USA established bases in Greenland. In 1953 Greenland ceased to be a colony of Denmark and became a province (an integral part of the country). The Bank of Greenland was founded in 1966 and in 1973 Greenland with Denmark became part of the EU. However links with Denmark weakened. In 1979 Greenland was granted home rule. In 1982 the people of Greenland voted to leave the EU and they ceded in 1985. Also in 1985 Greenland obtained a flag. Greenland was granted still more autonomy in 2009. Kalaallisut was made the official language of Greenland instead of Danish. Today the official name of Greenland is Kalaallit Nunaat. However the queen of Denmark is still the head of state of Greenland. Today the population of Greenland is 57,000. The capital of Greenland, Nuuk has a population of 15,000. Most of the population of Greenland are Inuit

This is really good history HOW DO U HAVE THE FUCKIN PATience No like seriously how, im fact checking this is good!! :,D

So this OC is obviously detailed. It’s well researched, however, remember to revise her personality!! Honestly picking out things abt ur oc was hard bc i knw NOTHIN abt greenland. This OC taught me new things!! /)*o*(\

Keep going, this OC has potential !!

#thank u for submitting!#good oc #what a long review im crying #keep goin aaa!!!#submission

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