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radiojamming · 4 years

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Can you tell us anything more about John Hartnell's time on the Voltage?

Hell yeah, I can! I have some pictures from the log books I can post later, too. I legit sat for H O U R S reading tiny handwriting from the master’s logs. Most of the logs were lists of chores, punishments, notes on the weather, and any major events. John’s time on the Volage can be divided pretty neatly in half, between the ship’s North American tour, and its Irish Sea patrol, all between 1841-45.

The North American part was probably pretty exciting for him, considering that he’d been a shoemaker since he was thirteen years old. Compared to what his brother had been up to on the Volage (the Aden Expedition, Battle of Chuenpi, etc.), it focused less on military ventures and more on transportation and patrol. The first major thing it did was in December of 1841, when it accompanied the HMS Warspite and HMS Thalia in taking the King of Prussia, Frederick William IV to England to attend the christening of the Prince of Wales. After that, it scurried over to Plymouth to get new fittings, and then took off for the Caribbean.

A lot happened in the Caribbean, and reading through the log books (always written in very non-emotional language, but still entertaining) paints a very eclectic picture of their activities. The Volage went to Jamaica first, awaiting orders until they were ordered to go to Saint Martha to pick up... $800,000 in gold. Legit, that sat on the Volage for two months until they dropped it off in Port Royal. By then, half the crew was incredibly ill with a mix of diseases including what might have been dysentery. Amazingly, for all of John’s terrible luck, he doesn’t appear on the sick list, even as one of the lieutenant’s eventually died as well as the clerk.

They scurried back and forth across the Caribbean from January of 1842 until they departed for Halifax, Nova Scotia later that summer. (Land of @theiceandbones!) In all honesty, the Volage didn’t get up to much during it’s time in Halifax. They didn’t necessarily have a mission, but it does make for some really entertaining reading! There was a lot of shore leave, for instance. Here are some of the notes I wrote on my read-through between the Caribbean and Halifax (which is from ADM 54/312):

Mondays and Fridays are mandatory clothes-washing days.

8th of July 1842 - “Punished Michael Logan with 48 [!] lashes for Disobedience of Orders and Insolence”

12th of July 1842, 6pm - “Committed to the deep the Body of Samuel Marvin (AB) Deceased.” / “Departed this life William Baillie (boy) - Buried at sea on the 13th.”

18th of July 1842, 10:50 pm - “Heard the report of several Guns from the North” [in Halifax]

20th of July 1842 - Halifax Citadel visit and the burial of Robert Webb (boy), Samuel Gibbon, John Barnes, and Samuel Brummage (carpenter’s mate) on shore

Godden reports that several warm nights, sailors were permitted to use their hammocks and sleep on the beach! (I put a smiley face next to my note here!)

Most of their Halifax mooring was spent cleaning. Lots of repainting, holystoning, repairing, etc.

Multiple discharges for “uselessness” and “disgrace”.

The latter note is really interesting, considering that none other than Charles Dickens visited Halifax that same year, and made note of sailors making total idiots out of themselves on oysters and champagne. Indeed, there are plenty of punishments recorded for that summer for drunkenness, insubordination, and desertion, again sometimes up to 48 lashes. (I’ll post a picture of the log just to confirm that.) On a high note, John Hartnell wasn’t punished once! And believe me, I looked!

They did have to have some repair work done to fix a leak in October before scurrying back down south with the “Squadron”. Godden makes some pretty boring notes about looking at the United States coast (as in essentially saying, “Yep, there it is!”) before they hang tight to the coast of Mexico.

The Volage appears to have been outfitted for doing survey work, which is part of what they did for the next few months. Between that, mooring for absolutely nothing, and hanging out with slave ship hunters (I like to think they high-fived the HMS Racer at some point) their zig-zag order of ports of call are:

Barbados > Puerto Rico > Grenada > St. Vincent > Jamaica > St. Lucie > Antigua > Jamaica (long-term Port Royal mooring) > Haiti

By early 1843, the Volage was headed back home. They docked in Plymouth for a time before getting their next orders for the Admiralty for the apparently much-maligned Irish Sea duty. At this point, Captain William Dickson had a temporary replacement for the deceased Lt. Davey, but eventually, that lieutenant had to leave as well. Captain Dickson did get a note from the Admiralty that he was to get his replacement at the Cove of Cork, and according to the sudden burst of tiny handwriting at the bottom of the page on Tuesday, August 29th, 1843, Captain Dickson totally forgot about that. Literally, the note for the day is kind of falling off the page from squeezing it in, but reads: “Read the Commission of Lieut J Irving”.

Because Lieutenant John Irving hopped on board as a new replacement, thus using those sweet, sweet letters of his to describe the next few months. He was absolutely meticulous about dating his letters, and having them on hand in his memoir made it easy to line up with Godden’s notes in the master’s log, confirming everything between the two of them. This time, Irish patrol got kind of exciting.

First, here’s Irving talking about joining the Volage, saying much nicer things about Capt. Dickson considering the captain was probably going, “Oh shit right I forgot we were doing this.”

“To my great joy I found the ‘Volage’ at anchor here. I was afraid she might have gone somewhere else. I went on board direct from the steamer, and was introduced to Sir William Dickson, the Captain; rigged myself in a blue coat and a pair of epaulettes; the hands were turned up, and the Captain read my commission appointing me lieutenant of the ship to the ship’s company. There are three of us. I am the second in seniority. Our mess consists of seven--viz., three lieutenants, one master, surgeon, a lieutenant of marines. They are all very good fellows. I was three years messmate of one of them in a former ship, so am comfortable in that respect.”

Irving noted that the officers were frequently invited to parties in Cork (”I could be at parties every day if I liked;”), and Godden does say that the rest of the crew were given shore leave fairly frequently, even though they didn’t have enough officers to allow them to leave as often.

For the next four months, the Volage remained at Cork, doing patrol with several other man-of-war’s. On land, there were frequent clashes between the Protestants and the Catholics, but more importantly, there were the Repealers following Daniel O’Connell’s urging to repeal the Acts of the Union and re-establish the independent Kingdom of Ireland. Between Irving and Godden, the image of this time from the perspective of the Volage is one of a lot of bloody rumors and high tension (a Protestant curate was killed, houses were being burned down). However, O’Connell’s followers were very civil to the sailors and actually invited some of the Volage officers to visit their homes. Irving called their hospitality “quite Highland”.

The Volage was temporarily relieved of its patrol in December, and returned to Plymouth by January of 1844 for refitting and repair work after shearing off part of her keel. Godden and Irving both noted that sailors and officers were boarded on a hulk, or a non-sailing ship. Godden also noted that several sailors were permitted leave to go visiting nearby. (John Hartnell did have family in Plymouth, and Thomas Hartnell may have been visiting the area at the same time, if a pet theory of mine holds up.)

They were back in the Cove of Cork by February, with the Volage now as the flagship. During a period between February and June, the Volage frequently made trips between Cork and the town of Bantry, after further pro-Repealer agitation began to raise tensions once more. Godden’s log doesn’t say much on the subject aside from weather reports and notes on officers leaving the ship to attend parties, major gatherings in town (there’s a really interesting bit from Irving on scaring the bejeezus out of a group of paraders and stealing the Waterford city flag), and switching out officers. However, the tensions once again didn’t amount to much more than far-off reports of violence and a few observations of pissed-off “pisantry”. The Volage did return to Plymouth for Christmas before returning for a short turn in Cork, and then being paid off completely. The log for that topic shows that John Hartnell was paid off on February 1st, 1845.

As far as what life would have been like for John Hartnell on the Volage, it’s hard to say for sure since, once again, Godden’s logs are impersonal. However, he was responsible for recording all punishments, injuries, illnesses, and deaths, of which there was no lack. He also kept meticulous note of what chores were to be done on particular days, as well as drills. I noticed there was a lot of repetition in the chore schedule, and there was a slight uptick in sailors suddenly taking ill with “unknown” illnesses about two and a half years in, especially on days that had chores requiring a little more elbow grease.

But I think, as I said, this would have been very exciting for someone like John. After all, he voluntarily signed up for the Erebus four months after signing off on the Volage. Unfortunately, we don’t have any letters to or from him that might hint to how he felt during this time, so we have to take it from his actions rather than his words. I like to think he enjoyed himself.

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rptv-tolkien · 4 years

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Loss of Christopher Tolkien (son of J.R.R. Tolkien) earlier this year.

Information taken from a New York Times article by Katharine Q. Seelye and Alan Yuhas, published January 16, 2020. Article has been edited for brevity.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/16/books/christopher-tolkien-dead.html

Christopher Tolkien, Keeper of His Father’s Legacy, Dies at 95

Christopher Tolkien at his home in the South of France one week before his 95th birthday last year. For nearly 50 years after his father died in 1973, he worked to keep alive the world he had created. [photo Credit: Josh Dolgin]

_________________________

Christopher Tolkien, the son of the writer J.R.R. Tolkien, who guarded his legacy and brought forth monumental posthumous works, like “The Silmarillion,” based on his father’s writings, died on Thursday in Provence, France. He was 95.

His death was confirmed by Daniel Klass, his brother-in-law.

For nearly 50 years after his father J.R.R. Tolkien died in 1973, Mr. Christopher Tolkien worked to keep alive the world his father had created in “The Hobbit” (1937) and “The Lord of the Rings” (1949). He edited or oversaw the publication of two dozen editions of his father’s works, many of which became international best sellers.

Mr. Tolkien was his father’s literary executor but played a far more expansive role than that title implies. While his father was writing “The Lord of the Rings”, his father was also creating a vast world of legends and mythologies that he hoped would accompany the book. However, being a perfectionist (and a procrastinator), his father was not able to complete the work before he died.

Mr. Tolkien spent four years organizing and compiling his father’s myths and legends, publishing them in 1977 as “The Silmarillion.”

J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Silmarillion" was edited by his son, Christopher, and published posthumously in 1977.

But Tolkien fans and scholars wondered how much of “The Silmarillion” was the work of the father and how much was the work of the son, said Mr. Olsen, the president of the American online university Signum, which specializes in Tolkien studies.

In response, Christopher produced the 12-volume “The History of Middle-earth” (1996), a compilation of drafts, fragments, rewrites, marginal notes and other writings culled from 70 boxes of unpublished material. It showed that virtually everything he had published had come from his father’s hand.

Christopher Tolkien is also credited with creating the widely acclaimed 1954 map of Middle-earth, the land in which the sprawling stories were set; a copy is now held by the British Library.

“Without Christopher,” Thomas Shippey, a British professor who has been writing and lecturing on Tolkien for 50 years, said in an interview, “we would have very little knowledge of how Tolkien created his mythology and his own legendarium.”

His brother-in-law, Mr. Klass, described Mr. Tolkien as extraordinarily disciplined. He said he would lock himself in his office early in the morning and not emerge until lunchtime.

While the elder Tolkien was a specialist in Chaucer and Anglo-Saxon sagas, the younger was an authority, above all, on the reams of writing that his father produced. “His life’s work was to convert this huge mass of material written on envelopes and napkins in his father’s unreadable handwriting,” Mr. Klass said.

Tolkien fans responded on social media to the news of Mr. Tolkien’s death with an outpouring of emotion. “Takes a humble man to dedicate his life to someone else’s work,” one person wrote on Twitter. “I think of all the books that might never have been published without Christopher’s input. Some of those books define how we now view the professor’s legacy.”

Christopher Tolkien was born in Leeds, England, on Nov. 21, 1924, the third and youngest son of J.R.R. and Edith Mary (Bratt) Tolkien. Like his father, he was a sickly child, and often stayed home, giving him and his father a chance to develop a close working relationship. Christopher Tolkien once said that he grew up in the world his father had created. “For me,” he said, “the cities of ‘The Silmarillion’ are more real than Babylon.”

Also like his father, he fought in one of the great wars. During World War II, when Christopher was serving with the Royal Air Force in South Africa, his father mailed him parts of “The Lord of the Rings” for comment and editing.

Mr. Tolkien was also protective of his father’s legacy, suing Warner Brothers over the digital merchandising of characters from Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit (accusing the company of “causing harm to the Tolkien legacy”). The Tolkien estate also disavowed a film based on J.R.R. Tolkien’s life (saying the family did not approve, authorize, or participate in the project).

In his later years Mr. Tolkien became a French citizen and lived a private life with his second wife, Baillie Tolkien, in the foothills of the Alps in southeastern France.

______________

RPTV says: Thank you so much for all of your hard work, Mr. Christopher Tolkien. I had no idea how much of your time and energy you had put into organizing and compiling your father’s work, so I never appreciated it until now. Thank you for giving us Tolkien fans the greatest gift - more of your father’s stories, myths, and lore. Rest In Peace.

#tolkien #jrr tolkien #christopher tolkien #silmarillion #new york times

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scotianostra · 4 years

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On January 8th 1697 Thomas Aikenhead was executed in Edinburgh.

This is a crackin, if sad tale, and shows you how religious beliefs can be a blight on our history.

So who was oor Thomas, a villain?, a murderer?, a smuggler?, or some enemy of the state? No Thomas's crime was blasphemy who took the lord's name in vain.......this would be comic if it wasn't for the tragic fact that he was executed, unlike the man in Life of Brian, who uttered the words Jehova, Thomas complained that he wished he was warming himself in hell rather than that chilly night walking past the recently built Tron Kirk on Edinburgh's Royal Mile. Well that's the simple story that the tour guides that take you round the Old Town will tell you, there is a bit more to it so I will bore you with a bit more of the detail. Thomas Aikenhead came from a well-to-do family in Edinburgh, his father being listed as a surgeon but more probably an apothecary, a dispenser of herbs and potions. Both his parents were dead by the time he became a student at Edinburgh University at the age of 16 or 17.

His mother had been a daughter of the manse, and you would think that would have made Aikenhead wary of challenging the established religion of the time, namely the all-powerful Church of Scotland, especially while still a student and under the constant gaze of professors, lecturers and, as it turned out, his fellow students.

These were the dying days of a curious period in Scottish history. Aikenhead would have been four when the ‘Wizard of the West Bow’ Major Thomas Weir was executed in 1670. Weir was by day an extreme Calvinist but by night an incestuous Satanist and it takes no great leap of reason to see that an impressionable young boy might well have been affected by the trial and execution of a local celebrity that lived not far from him.

The 1680s was also the ‘killing time’ for the Covenanters when many died because of they worshipped their same god in differing ways!

Thomas was a keen student and an avid reader, he may or may not have known and Edinburgh bookseller, John Frazer, who had been prosecuted after admitting either reading, or being in possession of Charles Blount’s Oracles of Reason a book I know nothing about but gather it relates to Deism, which questioned the existence or more importanyly, non-existence of God or Satan, Frazer had repented ad as it was a first offence was sackclothed and jailed in the old Tolbooth for a number of months.

Anyway, Thomas had a friend, well he thought he had a friend, Murdo Craig, but Murdo, on the sly had been keeping notes on Aitkenhead, and his dalliances with blasphemous ideals, we know that because they formed a large part of the indictment against Aikenhead.

“Nevertheless it is of verity, that you Thomas Aikenhead, shakeing off all fear of God and regaird to his majesties lawes, have now for more than a twelvemoneth by past, and upon severall of the dayes within the said space, and ane or other of the same, made it as it were your endeavour and work in severall compainies to vent your wicked blasphemies against God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, and against the holy Scriptures, and all revealled religione, in soe far as upon ane or other of the dayes forsaid, you said and affirmed, that divinity or the doctrine of theologie was a rapsidie of faigned and ill-invented nonsense, patched up partly of the morall doctrine of philosophers, and pairtly of poeticall fictions and extravagant chimeras, or words to this effect or purpose, with severall other such reproachfull expressions.”

That was just for starters. Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees, the Lord Advocate of the day, had taken a personal interest in the case and he decided to throw the whole lot of Craig’s testimony at Aikenhead who was arrested in November, 1696, and charged under the Blasphemy Act of 1661 which carried the death penalty. He also charged Aikenhead under a more recent act, which made it a criminal offence to ‘deny, impugn or quarrel’ about the existence of God.The prosecution papers go on to record

“You have lykwayes in discourse preferred Mahomet to the blessed Jesus, and you have said that you hoped to see Christianity greatly weakened, and that you are confident that in a short tyme it will be utterly extirpate.”

For Mahomet, read Muhammad, could young Thomas be an Islam convert in 17th century Edinburgh, I very much doubt it, they just needed to make an example of the young student, and he knew by now knew that he was in very great trouble and protested in effect that he was guilty only of the sin of being youthful and had been led astray by the books he had read. He claimed to have repented of his anti-Christian beliefs and was once again a good Presbyterian. In this way he seems to have thrown himself upon the mercy of the court, but there was no mercy. On Christmas Eve, 1696, a jury found him guilty. Sir James Stewart asked for the death penalty and it was granted and “pronounced for doom,” as Scottish judges were still saying well into the 20th century in capital punishment cases. Aikenhead pleaded for his life to the Privy Council emphasising his youth, his dire circumstances, and the fact that he was reconciled to the Protestant religion. There was some support for the death sentence to be commuted from at least two councillors and two Church of Scotland ministers, but the General Assembly of the Kirk intervened, demanding that Aikenhead suffer

“vigorous execution to curb the abounding of impiety and profanity in this land”.

In his last letter to friends, written in the Tolbooth prison in Edinburgh as he awaited execution, Aikenhead at last gave a plausible explanation for his conduct – that he had been a disappointed seeker after truth. He wrote:

“It is a principle innate and co-natural to every man to have an insatiable inclination to the truth and to seek for it as for hid treasure. So I proceeded until the more I thought thereon, the further I was from finding the verity I desired.” In truth, in a repressed society the student had just gone too far in rejecting the doctrines of Christianity calling it “feigned and ill-invented nonsense”

Aikenhead went to his death on January 8, 1697, hanged on the scaffold at Shrubhill between Edinburgh and Leith. It is said that before he died he proclaimed that moral laws were the work of governments and men. In his hand as the noose was plced around his neck was the Holy Bible. The execution angered many people for many years afterwards. The great English historian Thomas Babington Macaulay wrote an account of the hanging and called the execution “a crime such has never since polluted the island.”He continued: “The preachers who were the boy’s murderers crowded round him at the gallows, and, while he was struggling in the last agony, insulted Heaven with prayers more blasphemous than any thing that he had ever uttered.”

There was other evidence of church authorities being present as Aikenhead died. He was the last man in Britain to be hanged for blasphemy.

According to Arthur Herman in his book "How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe’s Poorest Nation Created Our World and Everything in It", the execution of Aikenhead was “the last hurrah of Scotland’s Calvinist ayatollahs” before the dawning of the age of reason in the Enlightenment.

Now we can all rejoice in The Enlightenment but a full 30 years later in the small town of Dornoch in Sutherland, Janet Horne was put on trial for the “crime” of having a daughter whose feet and hands were misshapen and who had herself given birth to a son with disabilities. She was the last woman in Britain to be burned at the stake for being a witch, her death bringing to an end the “burning time” when perhaps 4000 Scottish women were executed for the crime of witchcraft.

I thought I would add a wee bit more about Shrubhill in Leith, as most of us usually only regard Edinburgh's Old Town, The Tolbooth, and Grassmarket as sites where executions took place. I can't find out why Aikenhead was taken to, at what at the time, was a different town for his executions I did however find records of several taking place at the site, now student accommodation, but the site of Edinburghs tram workshops and powerstation, but beforehand not many know that it was the site of he gibbet known as the Gallow Lee, literally the "field with the gallows",

Bodies were buried at the base of the gallows or their ashes scattered if burnt. The most famous of those that met their end here was perhaps Major Weir, the Wizard of the West Bow.

1570- Two criminals strangled and burned to death.

1570 (4 October)- Rev. John Kelloe minister of Spott, East Lothian (near Dunbar) strangled and burnt for the murder of his wife

1664- Nine witches strangled and burnt

1670- Major Thomas Weir, the self-confessed warlock, strangled and burnt for witchcraft (almost the only self-confessed witch executed).

1678- Five witches strangled and burnt

1680- Part of the body of Covenanter David Hackston was hung in chains after his execution at the mercat cross in Edinburgh for the murder of Archbishop Sharp in 1679.

1681 (10 October)- Covenanters Garnock, Foreman, Russel, Ferrie and Stewart hanged and beheaded. Their headless bodies were buried at the site and their heads placed on the Cowgate Port at the foot of the Pleasance. Friends reburied the bodies in the graveyard of the West Kirk (St. Cuthberts). The heads were retrieved, placed in a box and then buried in garden ground at Lauriston. They lay there until 7 October 1726 when the then owner, Mr Shaw, had them exhumed and reburied near the Martyrs' Monument in Greyfriars Kirkyard.

1697 (8 January)- Thomas Aikenhead, a 19-year-old theology student at Edinburgh University became the last person to be executed under Scotland's blasphemy laws (and the last in Britain to be executed for that crime).

1752 (10 January)- Norman Ross, a footman, hanged for the murder of Lady Baillie, sister of Home, Laird of Wedderburn. The body was left to hang in a gibbet cage "for many a year" and became a local ghoulish tourist attraction.

Post mid 18th Century the Nor’ Loch was drained and the city expanded to the north by the building of the New Town with stone quarried from nearby Craigleith quarry. In such building sand was needed to add to the lime mortar and Gallow Lee proved to be just what was needed. The owner of Gallow Lee charged the builders to cart away the sand, containing the ashes and other remains of thousands of victims. The sandy mound of the Gallow Lee has gone I wonder how many New Town residents are aware that the very fabric of their building is bound together with the remains of these poor women convicted of being witches, covenanters and criminals?

#scotland #scottish #history #blasphemy #execution #zealots #religious history #leith

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summerga06-blog · 4 years

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serenitysally · 5 years

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Tarbert Castle, Kyntire, Scotland

Tarbert Castle is located on the southern shore of East Loch Tarbert, at Tarbert, Argyll, Scotland, at the north end of Kintyre. Tarbert Castle was a strategic royal stronghold during the Middle Ages and one of three castles at Tarbert. The castle overlooks the harbour and although pre 14th century in construction, the tower dates back to 1494 and the visit of James IV to the Western Highlands. Wikipedia

Name: Sir Archibald Gillispie Campbell, 2nd. Earl of Argyll

Born: 6 May 1459 in Tarbert Castle, Argyll, Scotland

AKA: Sir Knight Archibald “Gillispie” of Argyll, Lord High Chancellor Scotland

Sir Archibald Gillispe Campbell – 2nd Earl of Argyll; ;Lord High Chancellor of Scotland

Married: 22 June 1479 in Renfrewshire, Scotland to Lady Elizabeth Stewart, of Lennox, and Countess of Argyll.

Died: 9 September 1513 at the Battle of Flodden Field, Branxton, Northumberlandshire, England

Buried: September 1513 in Scotland

Archibald was the eldest son of Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 2nd Lord Lorne. He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland, Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale, and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500. Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. His “clan” was rivalled only by Clan Gordon. The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll. However, a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth, where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings, if the Earl was found at fault. The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll’s kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart. These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles. The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, with the king and many others. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Archibald Gillespie Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll (died 9 September 1513) was a Scottish nobleman and politician who was killed at the Battle of Flodden. Biography: Archibald was the eldest son of Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 2nd Lord Lorne. He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. After a crisis of law and order in the west of Scotland, Argyll was made governor of Tarbert Castle and Baillie of Knapdale, and this was followed by an appointment as Royal Lieutenant in the former Lordship of the Isles on 22 April 1500. Argyll eventually rose to the position of Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. His “clan” was rivalled only by Clan Gordon. The Earls of Argyll were hereditary Sheriffs of Lorne and Argyll. However, a draft record of the 1504 Parliament of Scotland records a move to request Argyll to hold his Sherriff Court at Perth, where the King and his council could more easily oversee proceedings, if the Earl was found at fault. The historian Norman Macdougall suggests this clause may have been provoked by Argyll’s kinship with Torquil MacLeod and MacLean of Duart. These western chiefs supported the suppressed Lordship of the Isles. The Earl of Argyll was killed at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, with the king and many others. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.

Family: By his wife Elizabeth, a daughter of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox, Argyll had issue: Colin Campbell Archibald Campbell of Skipness (d 1537 escaping from Edinburgh Castle), second husband of Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis Sir John Campbell of Calder (d.1546) ancestor of the Earls Cawdor Donald Campbell the Abbot of Coupar Angus Margaret Campbell, who married John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine Isabel Campbell, married Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassilis Janet Campbell, married John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Atholl Jean Campbell, married Sir John Lamont of that ilk, son Duncan Lamont Catherine Campbell, married Lachlan ‘Cattanach’ Maclean, 11th Chief of Duart, secondly to Archibald Campbell of Auchinbreck Marion Campbell, married Sir Robert Menzies of that ilk Elen Campbell, married Sir Gavin Kennedy of Blairquhan Mary Campbell

References: Year book of the American Clan Gregor Society. 1978. “Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll. He was the son of Colin Campbell, second Lord Campbell and 1st Earl of Argyll, … In addition to five daughters, the 2nd Earl of Argyll had four sons: 1. Colin Campbell — who became 3rd Earl of …” Macdougall, Norman, James IV, Tuckwell (1997), 107, citing Register of the Great Seal, vol. 2, no. 2240. Macdougall, Norman, James IV, Tuckwell (1997), 178, citing Register of the Privy Seal, vol. 1, nos. 413, 513, 520. MacDougall, Norman, James IV, Tuckwell (1997), 184-5, citing Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, vol. 2, (1814), 241.

James Balfour Paul, Scots Peerage, vol i, pp 335-337 Peerage of Scotland Preceded by Colin Campbell Earl of Argyll 1493–1513 Succeeded by Colin Campbell Categories: Lord Chancellors of Scotland Earls of Argyll Deaths at the Battle of Flodden15th-century births 1513 deaths Court of James IV of Scotland

Scottish landowners

My Maternal 13th. Great Scottish Grandfather, Sir Archibald Gillispie Campbell, 2nd. Earl of Argyll Tarbert Castle, Kyntire, Scotland Tarbert Castle is located on the southern shore of East Loch Tarbert, at…

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Neurology

Neurology (from Greek: νεῦρον, neuron, and the addition — λογία — logia “investigation of”) is a branch of drug managing disarranges of the sensory system. Neurology manages the conclusion and treatment of all classes of conditions and infection including the focal and fringe sensory systems (and their subdivisions, the autonomic and physical sensory systems), including their covers, veins, and all effector tissue, for example, muscle. Neurological practice depends intensely on the field of neuroscience, which is the logical investigation of the sensory system.

A neurologist is a doctor represent considerable authority in neurology and prepared to research, or analyze and treat neurological clutters. Neurologists may likewise be engaged with clinical research, clinical trials, and essential or translational research. While neurology is a nonsurgical claim to fame, its comparing surgical forte is neurosurgery.

Huge cover happens between the fields of neurology and psychiatry, with the limit between the two controls and the conditions they treat being to some degree indistinct.

History

The scholastic teach started between the sixteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years with the work and research of numerous neurologists, for example, Thomas Willis, Robert Whytt, Matthew Baillie, Charles Bell, Moritz Heinrich Romberg, Duchenne de Boulogne, William A. Hammond, Jean-Martin Charcot, and John Hughlings Jackson.

Clean neurologist Edward Flatau enormously impacted the creating field of neurology. He distributed a human mind chart book in 1894 and composed a principal book on headaches in 1912.

Numerous neurologists likewise have extra preparing or enthusiasm for one zone of neurology, for example, stroke, epilepsy, neuromuscular, rest solution, torment administration, or development issue.

In the United States and Canada, neurologists are doctors having finished postgraduate preparing in neurology after graduation from therapeutic school. Neurologists finish, by and large, around 8 years of therapeutic school instruction and clinical training,which incorporates acquiring a four-year college degree, a restorative degree (DO or MD), which involves an extra four years of study, at that point finishing one year of essential clinical preparing and four years of residency. The four-year residency comprises of one year of inward drug temporary position preparing took after by three years of preparing in neurology.

A few neurologists get extra subspecialty preparing concentrating on a specific zone of the field. These preparation programs are called partnerships, and are one to two years in length. Subspecialties incorporate cerebrum damage medication, clinical neurophysiology, epilepsy, hospice and palliative solution, neurodevelopmental incapacities, neuromuscular pharmaceutical, torment prescription, rest drug, neurocritical mind, vascular neurology (stroke), behavioral neurology, tyke neurology, migraine, numerous sclerosis, neuroimaging, neurorehabilitation, and interventional neurology.

In Germany, a mandatory year of psychiatry must be done to finish a residency of neurology.

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, neurology is a subspecialty of general (interior) pharmaceutical. Following five to nine years of therapeutic school and a year as a preregistration house officer (or two years on the Foundation Program), a neurologist must pass the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (or the Irish identical) before finishing two years of center medicinal preparing and after that entering master preparing in neurology. An age prior, a few neurologists would have likewise spent two or three years working in mental units and get a confirmation in mental solution. In any case, this prerequisite has turned out to be unprecedented, and, now that an essential mental capability takes three years to acquire, the necessity is not any more reasonable. A time of research is basic, and acquiring a higher degree helps profession movement. Numerous discovered it was facilitated after a connection to the Institute of Neurology at Queen Square, London. A few neurologists enter the field of restoration medication (known as physiatry in the US) to represent considerable authority in neurological recovery, which may incorporate stroke prescription, and in addition cerebrum wounds.

Doctor

Dr. Rajeev Goyal, a keen medical enthusiast, started his medical career in 1996 and completed in 2012. His key area of interest lies in Movement Disorders, Stroke and Epilepsy. Dr. Goyal completed his fellowship in Movement Disorders from Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute, the best institute of fellowship, India. He has been primarily involved in the pre and post management of Deep Brain Stimulation in SCTIMST. Also, he has been trained in BOTOX for various movement disorders. Other than medical practices, he has also been Assistant Professor Neurology in the known Narayana Medical college. Find More Neurologists in Delhi. You can visit him at Neurodent — The SuperSpeciality Clinic in kalyan Vihar, Delhi.

Physical examination

Amid a neurological examination, the neurologist audits the patient’s wellbeing history with unique thoughtfulness regarding the present condition. The patient at that point takes a neurological exam. Normally, the exam tests mental status, capacity of the cranial nerves (counting vision), quality, coordination, reflexes, and sensation. This data enables the neurologist to decide if the issue exists in the sensory system and the clinical restriction. Confinement of the pathology is the key procedure by which neurologists build up their differential conclusion. Additionally tests might be expected to affirm a conclusion and eventually direct treatment and proper administration.

Clinical undertakings

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Neurologists analyze patients who are alluded to them by different doctors in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Neurologists start their associations with patients by taking a thorough restorative history, and after that playing out a physical examination concentrating on assessing the sensory system. Parts of the neurological examination incorporate evaluation of the patient’s psychological capacity, cranial nerves, engine quality, sensation, reflexes, coordination, and stride.

In a few examples, neurologists may arrange extra symptomatic tests as a feature of the assessment. Normally utilized tests in neurology incorporate imaging concentrates, for example, processed hub tomography (CAT) examines, attractive reverberation imaging (MRI), and ultrasound of significant veins of the head and neck. Neurophysiologic examines, including electroencephalography (EEG), needle electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction contemplates (NCSs) and evoked possibilities are additionally normally requested. Neurologists much of the time perform lumbar punctures to evaluate attributes of a patient’s cerebrospinal liquid. Advances in hereditary testing have made hereditary testing a critical device in the arrangement of acquired neuromuscular sickness and finding of numerous other neurogenetic illnesses. The part of hereditary impacts on the improvement of gained neurologic illnesses is a dynamic territory of research.

A portion of the normally experienced conditions treated by neurologists incorporate cerebral pains, radiculopathy, neuropathy, stroke, dementia, seizures and epilepsy, Alzheimer’s malady, consideration deficiency/hyperactivity disorder,[8] Parkinson’s illness, Tourette’s disorder, numerous sclerosis, head injury, rest issue, neuromuscular sicknesses, and different contaminations and tumors of the sensory system. Neurologists are likewise requested to assess lethargic patients in a coma to affirm mind demise.

Treatment choices change contingent upon the neurological issue. They can incorporate alluding the patient to a physiotherapist, endorsing solutions, or suggesting a surgical method.

A few neurologists work in specific parts of the sensory system or in particular methodology. For instance, clinical neurophysiologists work in the utilization of EEG and intraoperative checking to analyze certain neurological issue. Different neurologists work in the utilization of electrodiagnostic prescription examinations — needle EMG and NCSs. In the US, doctors don’t normally have practical experience in every one of the parts of clinical neurophysiology — i.e. rest, EEG, EMG, and NCSs. The American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology confirms US doctors all in all clinical neurophysiology, epilepsy, and intraoperative observing. The American Board of Electrodiagnostic Medicine confirms US doctors in electrodiagnostic prescription and ensures technologists in nerve-conduction thinks about. Rest solution is a subspecialty field in the US under a few therapeutic claims to fame including anesthesiology, inner medication, family prescription, and neurology. Neurosurgery is a particular claim to fame that includes an alternate preparing way, and underlines the surgical treatment of neurological issue.

Additionally, numerous nonmedical specialists, those with doctoral degrees(usually PhDs) in subjects, for example, science and science, study and research the sensory system. Working in research centers in colleges, healing facilities, and privately owned businesses, these neuroscientists perform clinical and lab analyses and tests to take in more about the sensory system and discover cures or new medications for ailments and disarranges.

A lot of cover happens amongst neuroscience and neurology. Numerous neurologists work in scholarly preparing healing facilities, where they direct research as neuroscientists notwithstanding treating patients and instructing neurology to medicinal understudies.

#Neurologist in Delhi #Best Neurologist in Medanta #Dr Rajeev Goyal #Dr Rajeev Goyal medanta

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