Resources for Those Wanting to Learn about Pre-Christian Time Reckoning in Northern Europe and its Application in Modern Heathen Traditions
Throughout the history of the modern Neo-Pagan movement, the calendar that has been used by most practitioners has been either the Wiccan Wheel of the Year or another calendar heavily influenced by it. The Wheel of the Year draws largely upon a mixture of Celtic (Gaelic) and Anglo-Saxon traditions, splitting the years into quarters with quarterly and cross-quarterly celebrations and beginning the year at the end of October with the originally Gaelic festival of Samhain.
The calendars that have come to be popular for the majority of the modern Heathenry movement have undoubtedly been based in this calendar, with the major changes being to the names of certain celebrations. On the calendar created by Stephen McNallen for the AFA, Lammas became Freyfaxi, Mabon became Winter Finding, Samhain became Winter Nights, etc. Other organizations such as Forn Sidr of America, The Ásatrú Community, etc. have created their own versions of the calendar as well, but at their roots they all exist essentially as a modification of the Wheel of the Year concept.
More (relatively) recent research and scholarship has brought a greater awareness of older time reckoning systems within Heathen circles as well as amongst history enthusiasts. Some of this has focused on the Old Icelandic calendar as well as the primstav tradition, and while both of these have validity to them the Old Icelandic calendar already had some changes to how it worked from the older system and the primstav used a standardized dating system based in the Julian calendar. Still, these are both useful tools in attempting to reconstruct the pre-Christian (or at least pre-Julian) calendar systems of the Germanic, and particularly Scandinavian, peoples of Northern Europe.
Why is this at all important in an age with the Gregorian calendar used most everywhere and especially for those outside of Scandinavia? Because for those trying the build an understanding of or relationship with these cultures, or even just more connected to the earth in general, the way they reckoned time helps to understand their relationship and connection to their environment, the flow of seasons, how they viewed the different parts of the year and adjusted their activities accordingly, etc. It helps to understand the "why" behind the ritual cycle, even in the names of the months themselves.
Below are a few of the primary resources that I have found helpful in learning about these topics, as well as a graphic representation that I have made based on my research so far to represent the reconstructed Old Norse lunisolar calendar. Note that I don't claim to be an expert on this topic, so I could certainly be wrong in some of the details, and some of the months also have multiple names from which I chose one to use. Also, there were multiple time reckoning systems in use during the period, including a week-counting system, so there can also be conflicting information depending on which is being considered.
Sources:
"Jul, disting och förkyrklig tidräkning: Kalendrar och kalendriska riter i det förkristna Norden" by Andreas Nordberg
- Available as a free PDF, the majority of this is written in Swedish, but it contains a fairly concise English summary at the end. It focuses primarily on Old Norse Jól (Yule) as well as the Dísaþing/Disting and Dísablót in Sweden, but it touches on other celebrations and uses these to establish the overall scheme of the lunisolar calendar system.
"The Festival Year: A Survey of the Annual Festival Cycle and Its Relation to the Heathen Lunisolar Calendar" by Josh Rood
-Also available as a free PDF, this paper expands upon Norberg's work as well as others' and goes through the overall festival year of the pre-Christian Scandinavians.
"The Lunisolar Calendar of the Germanic Peoples: Reconstruction of a bound moon calendar from ancient, medieval and early modern sources" by Andreas Zautner
-This book is sort of a dive into a number of different ancient to early modern calendar systems, but it uses all of these to reconstruct lunisolar time reckoning systems not only for Scandinavians, but for other Germanic peoples as well. It's a great read for those interested in pre-Julian time reckoning in Northern Europe as well as Medieval calendar systems in general.
"The Nordic Animist Year" by Rune Hjarnø Rasmussen
-Similarly to Zautner's book, Rasmussen draws upon a variety of Medieval calendar systems in his work, but his goal, rather than reconstructing an Old Norse calendar is to create a modern calendar based in animist traditions of Northern Europe. It undoubtedly uses the lunisolar system as a base and takes a lot from Old Norse sources, but it also incorporates later traditions which are based in animist knowledge and have value in establishing a system of seasonal animism.
And lastly, my Old Norse lunisolar calendar representation. Each month starts on a new moon, represented by a black dot, and the festivals are shown at the full moons, being white dots. You may notice the lack of Þorrablót and Miðsumar (Midsommar) on here. Regarding Þorrablót, I'm not as well researched on the origins of it and how widespread it may have been. For Miðsumar I have long refrained from including it due to the absolute lack of mentions in literary material from during or shortly after the period, but I have been pointed to some instances of it marked on primstavs as July 14th (Julian calendar), suggesting a possible lunisolar observance of it earlier similar to Jól's relationship to the winter solstice.
278 notes
·
View notes
A Guide to the Anastasia Productions
Hartford - The show’s month long pre-Broadway trial in Hartford, Connecticut from May 13 2016 to June 2016.
Broadway - The show ran on Broadway from March 23 2017 to March 31 2019. Previews ended and shows open to the public on April 24 2017. The show performed at the Broadhurst Theatre. The book, libretto, blocking, and design were all slightly adjusted after the show moved from Hartford to Broadway and all subsequent productions have used the Broadway changes.
Madrid, Spain - The Madrid production ran from October 10 2018 to March 7 2020, when performances were suspended due to covid. The announcement that the show would not reopen was made in September. The show was performed at the Coliseum Theatre in Spanish.
First National Tour - The first North American tour ran from October 12 2018 to March 12 2020, when performances were suspended due to covid. The first version of the tour never reopened.
Stuttgart, Germany - The Stuttgart production ran from November 15 2018 to October 13 2019. It performed at the Stage Palladium Theatre in German.
The Hague, Netherlands - The Dutch production ran from September 22 2019 to March 23 2020, when performances were suspended due to covid. The announcement that the show would not reopen was made in April. It performed at the AFAS Circustheatre and was managed by Stage Entertainment. Because it was located in the Scheveningen district of The Hague, it is sometimes referred to as the Scheveningen production. It was performed in Dutch.
Tokyo, Japan - The Japan production was meant to be a tour, with performances in both Tokyo and Osaka, however the Osaka performances were cancelled due to covid. The production ran in Tokyo from March 9 2020 to March 27 2020, with only 14 performances. The theatre was the Theatre Orb and it was performed in Japanese.
Takarazuka Japanese Tour - The Takarazuke production was a non-replica produced by Takarazuka Revue with an all female cast in Japanese. It performed shows in both Takarazuka and Tokyo. It ran at the Takarazuka Grand Theatre from November 7 2020 to December 14 2020, and at the Tokyo Takarazuka Theatre from January 8 2021 to February 21 2021.
Second National Tour - The second North American tour began when the first tour reopened on October 15 2021, however because this tour was non-equity with an entirely new cast it is considered an entirely different tour.
Malmö, Sweden - The Swedish production ran from September 2 2022 to November 12 2022 in Swedish. It was a non-replica performed at the Malmö Opera, and so is usually referred to as the Malmö Opera production.
Tampere, Finland: The Finnish production began on September 2 2022. It is a non-replica production that is performing at Tampere Theatre in Finnish.
Linz, Austria: The Austrian production began on September 10 2022. It is a non-replica production that is performing at the Landestheatre in German.
São Paulo, Brazil: The Brazil production began on November 9 2022. It is performed in Portuguese, at the Renault Theatre, and is produced by T4F and Caradiboi.
Mexico City, Mexico: A Mexican production is set to open in 2023 at the Teatro Telcel, produced by OCESA Teatro.
There have also been announced an Australian production and a Russian production, though those were both announced before the pandemic so plans may have changed.
13 notes
·
View notes
Louis Tomlinson World Tour Dates 2022
NORTH AMERICA
• 1 Feb South Side Ballroom, Dallas, TX -SOLD OUT (3,000) full show, full show, full show, video of note changes, highlights
• 2 Feb ACL Live at The Moody Theater, Austin, TX - SOLD OUT (2,750) full show, full show, full show, highlights
• 3 Feb Bayou Music Center, Houston, TX - SOLD OUT (3,000) full show, full show, partial livestream, partial livestream, links to live videos, highlights
• 5 Feb The Pageant, St Louis, MO - SOLD OUT (2,300) full show, livestream part 1 and part 2, highlights
• 7 Feb Coca-Cola Roxy, Atlanta, GA - SOLD OUT (3,600) full show, tommotours part 1, tommotours part 2, highlights
• 8 Feb Ryman Auditorium, Nashville, TN - SOLD OUT (2,222) partial livestream, highlights
• 10 Feb The Anthem, Washington DC - SOLD OUT (6,000) full concert, full concert, highlights
• 11 Feb Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, NY - SOLD OUT (2,200) full concert, full concert, full concert, highlights
• 12 Feb Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, NY - SOLD OUT (2,200) full show, full show, full show, highlights
• 14 Feb Stage AE, Pittsburgh, PA - SOLD OUT (2,500) full concert, video highlights, highlights
• 15 Feb The Met, Philadelphia, PA - SOLD OUT (3,500) full concert, full concert, highlights
• 17 Feb House Of Blues Boston, Boston, MA - SOLD OUT (2.425) partial stream, highlights
• 19 Feb Andrew Brady Music Center, Cincinnati, OH - SOLD OUT (4,500) full concert, partial stream, highlights
• 20 Feb The Fillmore, Detroit, MI - SOLD OUT (2,900) partial stream, highlights
• 21 Feb Murat Theatre at Old National Centre, Indianapolis, IN - SOLD OUT (2,500) partial stream, full concert, highlights
• 23 Feb The Chicago Theatre, Chicago, IL - SOLD OUT (3,549) full livestream, highlights
• 24 Feb The Fillmore Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN - SOLD OUT (1,850), full show, highlights
• 26 Feb Uptown, Kansas City, MO - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (1,700) partial stream, part1, part2, highlights
• 28 Feb Fillmore Auditorium, Denver, CO - SOLD OUT (3,900) full stream (watch at your own peril), highlights
• 1 Mar UCCU Center, Orem, UT - NEW VENUE - SOLD OUT (8,500) streaming part 1, part 2, highlights
• 3 Mar Paramount Theatre, Seattle, WA - SOLD OUT (2,800), stream, stream, video highlights, highlights
• 4 Mar Roseland, Portland, OR - NEW VENUE - SOLD OUT full show, highlights
• 6 Mar Orpheum, Vancouver, BC - SOLD OUT (2,780) full show, highlights
• 7 Mar Roseland, Portland, OR - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (2,345 - 2 shows) full show, part 1, part 2, highlights
• 10 Mar Fox Theatre, Oakland, CA - SOLD OUT (3,080), full performance, full performance, highlights
• 12 Mar Performance Venue at Hollywood Park, Los Angeles, CA - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (6,000) full concert, highlights
• 13 Mar Performance Venue at Hollywood Park, Los Angeles, CA - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (6,000) full concert, highlights
After USA/Canada, please click on the links for each region
UK & EUROPE
• 23 Mar Valsheimilið, Reykjavik, Iceland (capacity 2,465) highlight
• 25 Mar Arenan Fryshuset, Stockholm, Sweden - SOLD OUT (3,000) highlights
• 27 Mar Spektrum, Oslo, Norway - NEW VENUE - SOLD OUT (9,700) highlights
• 28 Mar Forum Black Box, Copenhagen, Denmark – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (8,500) highlights
• 30 Mar Mercedes Benz Arena, Berlin, Germany - SOLD OUT (10k) highlights
• 31 Mar Forum Karlin, Prague, Czech Republic - SOLD OUT (3,000) highlights
• 2 Apr AFAS Live, Amsterdam, Netherlands - SOLD OUT (6,000) highlights
• 3 Apr Palladium, Cologne, Germany – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (3,800)
• 5 Apr L’Olympia, Paris, France - SOLD OUT (1,996)
• 6 Apr L’Olympia, Paris, France - SOLD OUT (1,996)
• 9 Apr Halle 622, Zurich, Switzerland - SOLD OUT (3,500)
• 10 Apr Mediolanum Forum, Milan, Italy - NEW VENUE -SOLD OUT (12,700)
• 11 Apr Gasometer, Vienna, Austria - SOLD OUT (4,200)
• 13 Apr Atlas Arena, Łódź, Poland – NEW VENUE - (13,806)
• 14 Apr MTP5, Poznań, Poland – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (11,497)
• 16 Apr Lotto Arena, Antwerp, Belgium – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (5,218)
• 18 Apr O2 Academy Glasgow, Glasgow, UK – SOLD OUT (2,500)
• 19 Apr O2 Apollo, Manchester, UK – SOLD OUT (3,500)
• 20 Apr O2 Apollo, Manchester, UK – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (3,500)
• 22 Apr SSE Arena Wembley, London, UK – NEW VENUE - SOLD OUT (12,500)
• 23 Apr Doncaster Dome, Doncaster, UK – SOLD OUT (2,100)
MEXICO/ LATIN AMERICA
• 15 May Movistar Arena, Santiago, Chile - SOLD OUT (11,000)
• 16 May Movistar Arena, Santiago, SOLD OUT (11,000)
• 17 May Movistar Arena, Santiago, Chile - (11,000)
• 19 May SND Arena, Asunción, Paraguay - NEW SHOW - (5,500)
• 21 May Movistar Arena, Buenos Aires, Argentina - SOLD OUT (16,500)
• 22 May Movistar Arena, Buenos Aires, Argentina - SOLD OUT (16,500)
• 24 May Antel Arena, Montevideo, Uruguay - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (15,000)
• 27 May Jeunesse Arena, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - SOLD OUT (18,000)
• 28 May Espaço das Americas, São Paolo, Brazil - SOLD OUT (8,000)
• 29 May Espaçao das Americas, São Paolo, Brazil - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (8,000)
• 1 Jun Explanade Arena Peru, Lima, Peru - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (12,700)
• 3 Jun Movistar Arena, Bogota, Colombia - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (14,000)
• 5 June Parque Viva, San Jose, Costa Rica - NEW SHOW - (20,000)
• 8 Jun Coca-Cola Music Hall, San Juan, Puerto Rico - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (5,000)
• 11 Jun Citibanamex Auditorium, Monterrey, Mexico - SOLD OUT (8,000)
• 12 Jun Telmex Theater, Guadalajara, Mexico - SOLD OUT (9,900)
• 14 Jun Pepsi Center, Mexico City, Mexico - SOLD OUT (7,500)
• 15 Jun Pepsi Center, Mexico City, Mexico - SOLD OUT (7,500)
• 17 Jun Pepsi Center, Mexico City, Mexico - NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (7,500)
ASIA
• 30 Jun KüçükÇiftlik Park, Istanbul, Turkey - (17,000)
• 2 Jul Coca Cola Arena, Dubai, UAE - NEW SHOW (17,000)
• 14 Jul Tennis Indoor Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia - SOLD OUT (3,300)
• 16 Jul Araneta Coluseum, Manila, Philippines - NEW SHOW (16,500)
AUSTRALIA
• 19 Jul Fortitude Hall, Brisbane, Australia – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (3,000)
• 20 Jul Fortitude Hall, Brisbane, Australia – NEW SHOW - SOLD OUT (3,000)
• 22 Jul Hordern Pavilion, Sydney, Australia – SOLD OUT (5,500)
• 23 Jul Hordern Pavilion, Sydney, Australia (5,500)
• 25 Jul Margaret Court Arena, Melbourne, Australia – NEW VENUE - SOLD OUT (7,500)
• 26 Jul Margaret Court Arena, Melbourne, Australia – NEW VENUE - (7,500)
• 29 Jul HBF Stadium, Perth, Australia – NEW SHOW (4,500)
FESTIVALS and OTHERS
• 30 Aug 2021 Away From Home, Crystal Palace Bowl, London - FREE (8,500) (Actual attendance unknown) FULL LIVESTREAM
• 14 Aug 2022 Lokerse Feesten, Lokeren, Belgium - (15,000)
• 27 August 2022 Away From Home, Marenostrum Fuengirola, Malaga, Spain - SOLD OUT (18,000)
• 30 Aug 2022 Cavea Auditorium, Roma Summer Fest, Rome - SOLD OUT (3,000)
• 1 Sep 2022 Teatro Antico, Taormina - SOLD OUT (11,150)
• 3 Sep 2022 Ippodromo Snai San Siro, Milan - SOLD OUT (34,000)
END OF AN ERA
(Source, Louis Tomlinson)
Without including the AFHF 2022, the ticket capacity for LTWT2022 is approximately 500k fans.
Setlist of the openers:
223 notes
·
View notes