SLBC Vacancies 2022 - Radio Announcers (Tamil)

SLBC Vacancies 2022 – Radio Announcers (Tamil)

SLBC Vacancies 2022 – Radio Announcers (Tamil) : Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation vacancy 2022, Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) Vacancies 2022 SLBC Vacancies 2022 Advertisment (English) – Download SLBC Vacancies 2022 Application (English) – Download

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There are many stories of how this song came to Nusantara. One of them goes: there was a regular steamer service between the Seychelles and Singapore. One of them goes: the daughters of the exiled Sultan heard the song on Mahé and loved it, and taught it to their brother, who taught it to another brother, who whistled it to a British administrator, who made it Perak’s state anthem. One of them goes: this happened in 1888. One of them goes: this happened in 1902. One of them goes: the whistler was in fact the private secretary to another Sultan, a musician himself. One of them goes: the tune was already popular in Perak, which is why it was whistled. One of them goes: the Sultan in exile composed it himself. One of them goes: the Sultan, returning from exile, was required to live in Singapore, and heard the tune there. One of them goes: this happened in 1901. One of them goes: more than one story can be true. One of them goes: it is pure coincidence that two songs have the same tune, inilah yang dikata seni muzik itu sejagat, this is why it is said the art of music is universal.

[...]

What was gained by turning “La Rosalie” into the official anthem of Perak, and then Malaysia? Certainly these two versions are more confident, more rousing and unifying in their attempts to bring Negeri, and then Negara together. The imaginative boundaries of the song seem to have expanded from a passionate lover or sibling to all the people of a state and a nation. With the expansion comes a corresponding narrowing too. The rain on Rosalie’s back, the moon, golden sand, the falling flower of a slain sister, a pair in a rowboat, again the moon, the audacity of swearing upon a crocodile are all swept away by grand orchestral arrangements. Instead of revenge, or pining, or a heart that cannot have any peace, there is harmony between people, ruler, land and God, at least in the lyrics.

[...]

—when it was first announced to the public, it was thought of as undignified, after all, the tune coursed through every jukebox, every dancehall—

            —a Cantonese one, too, but the lyrics are so sickly sentimental, barely saved by the language—

            —all other versions banned by statute—

            —the union's response to the synthesiser was to try to ban it, because it put string players out of work—

            —made his breakthrough while at university in Taiwan… calls for his citizenship to be revoked… considered charging him with sedition—

            —the idea began sprouting in Iowa, but my first draft was ignored by the editors of a local publication, so I shelved—

            —Tan Sri Dato Abdul Mubin Sheppard, born Irish, joined the Malayan Civil Services, married in Singapore, imprisoned during World War II, converted to Islam the year of Malaysian independence, performed the Haj, documented several accounts of our tune, died Malay—

            —accusations of plagiarism fly furiously all over the internet, each comment a little flea—

            —but there are no records of it in de Béranger’s extant published songs, and he wasn’t a composer anyhow, but a lyricist, so who could have written the tune—

            —in Dutch it seems to have been about a slavegirl pining for her master, who has sailed off leaving her with a blue-eyed child—

            —Saidah Rastam, who I am in debt to, says, my country is an emotion… When the Federation of Malaya was born, hardly anyone knew what Malaya should be. There were so many desires, conflicting beliefs. It could all have fallen apart so easily—

            —Sheppard had the sense of adventure to send the anthem to the Seychelles in the 1960s, and an old woman recognised it instantly on the radio—

            —video of schoolkids singing the anthem in Chinese translation went viral; investigations found Chinese textbooks with the offending versions and unearthed Tamil ones too, except the Tamil text is sung phonetically, based on the Bahasa Malaysia—

            —my peer reviewer said “Terang Boelan” was one of numerous cultural texts that propelled the Japanese fascination with and longing for “the South” before and during the Second World War—

            —ruled that the Chagos Islands have to be returned to Mauritius, but the UK says it has every right to them, and so the Chagossians keep waiting—

            —a malaise called time is upon us all, and it makes us forget—

            —also performed by Felix Mendelssohn's Hawaiian Serenaders, Mamula is, as far I as I can tell, an imaginary island, as imaginary as Sawoba, itself as beautiful as Hawaii—

            —Wayang Kassim made it a hit from Penang to Singapore and beyond—

            —there might have been a lyric-writing competition forgotten or obscured by the official narrative, with Indonesian-Malaysian composer and musician Saiful Bahri winning and writing the words to the anthem—

            —isn’t there something in the silver voice, the grey ship, the tin—

            —it could all have fallen apart so easily, the miracle is, it didn’t—

            —hum it, now, all together, take a deep breath, and—

A History of Negaraku in Seven Rumours, Tse Hao Guang

The BBC will split its operations in India into two separate companies, after raids by India’s tax authorities last year. The BBC announced that it was forming an independent, Indian-owned company called the Collective Newsroom, which would produce content for the corporation’s six regional channels which broadcast in Indian languages including Hindi and Punjabi. The BBC has applied to have a 26% stake in Collective Newsroom, but it will be largely independent from the broadcaster, in order to comply with strict laws brought in by the government of prime minister Narendra Modi which have targeted companies that receive funding from abroad. A smaller team of reporters and producers making content for the BBC’s English-language radio and television news channels as well as digital news for the website, all headquartered in the UK, will remain in India working directly for the broadcaster. The highly unusual overhaul of operations by the British public broadcaster comes after the BBC offices in India were raided in 2023 by India’s tax authorities in an operation that lasted several days. The raids, which the government called a “tax survey”, came after the BBC aired a documentary examining Modi’s role in deadly communal riots that took place when he was chief minister of the state of Gujarat. The Indian government condemned the documentary and responded by invoking emergency laws to ban any clips or footage of the documentary being shared, despite it only being aired in the UK. Not long after dozens of officials from India’s income tax department arrived at the BBC’s offices in Delhi and Mumbai. Some senior members of staff were questioned for three days. The government denied the raids were connected to the documentary, and were part of an investigation into the BBC violating India’s strict rules on foreign investment, accusing them of not fully disclosing profits. The BBC, which has had a presence in India since 1940, said it remained committed to producing content from India not only English but in its channels broadcasting in Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu. Under the new structure, four former BBC employees have set up a private, Indian-owned company that will create content broadcast on the BBC’s six regional language channels as well as the Youtube channel. It will employ about 200 staff who previously directly worked for the BBC’s regional news channels in India. Collective Newsroom will also be able to make content for other Indian broadcasters. It is unclear if it will have to comply with the same standards of impartiality imposed on all BBC programming. Rupa Jha, chief executive of Collective Newsroom, described the new operation as an “independent news organisation that leads with the facts, works in the public interest and hears from diverse voices and perspectives.” Jha said they had a “a clear, ambitious mission to create the most credible, creative and courageous journalism”. Ninety employees will remain in India directly employed by the BBC in the UK and reporting to editors in London. Their content produced from India will be accessible to Indian audiences through services such as the BBC world news channel and BBC World Service radio but it will be published out of the UK headquarters.

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Radio Vaticana 1454 1 Jan 2024

11700Khz 1452 1 JAN 2024 - RADIO VATICANA (VATICAN CITY STATE) in TAMIL from TINANG (VOA). SINPO = 55333. ?Indian Language?, sitar musical interludes, male announcers alternating. Backyard fence antenna w/MFJ-1020C active antenna (used as a preamplifier/preselector), Etón e1XM. 250kW, beamAz 270°, bearing 324°. Received at Plymouth, United States, 12515KM from transmitter at Tinang (VoA). Local time: 0852.

Events 11.1 (after 1950)

1950 – Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House. 1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred United States Army soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary. 1952 – Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent. 1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence. 1955 – The establishment of a Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict. 1955 – The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner. 1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. János Kádár and Ferenc Münnich secretly defect to the Soviets. 1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued. 1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas. 1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens. 1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins. 1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X. 1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people. 1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor. 1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu. 1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara. 1979 – Griselda Álvarez becomes the first female governor of a state of Mexico. 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there. 1984 – After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupt. 1987 – British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors. 1991 – President of the Chechen Republic Dzhokhar Dudayev declares sovereignty of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Russian Federation. 1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union. 2000 – Chhattisgarh officially becomes the 26th state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern Madhya Pradesh. 2000 – Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations. 2001 – Turkey, Australia, and Canada agree to commit troops to the invasion of Afghanistan. 2011 – Mario Draghi succeeds Jean-Claude Trichet and becomes the third president of the European Central Bank. 2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.

Latest News: Top Headlines from Around the World

latest news

The world is constantly changing, and the latest news is essential for staying informed. From politics and business to science and technology, there is always something new happening in the world. Here are some of the top headlines from around the world on September 26, 2023:

India

Probe agency ED raids 12 locations linked to members of banned PFI in Kerala. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) on Tuesday raided 12 locations linked to members of the banned Popular Front of India (PFI) in Kerala. The raids were conducted in connection with a money laundering case. Bengaluru bandh today: Cauvery row straining Karnataka-Tamil Nadu explained. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have been locked in a bitter dispute over the Cauvery river for decades. The dispute has flared up again in recent weeks, and a bandh has been called in Bengaluru today to protest against the Tamil Nadu government's decision to release water from the Cauvery dam. Sikh protesters burn Indian flag in Canada over Nijjar's murder. Sikh protesters in Canada burned the Indian flag on Monday to protest against the murder of Dilbag Singh Nijjar, a Sikh man who was killed in a suspected hate crime in Ontario. No power to look into Akasa-pilots feud: DGCA. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has said that it does not have the power to look into the feud between Akasa Air and its pilots. The pilots have been protesting against the airline's salary and working conditions. 'Index inclusion to bring $25billion foreign inflows.' The inclusion of Indian stocks in global indices is expected to bring in $25 billion in foreign inflows, according to a report by Morgan Stanley. World

UK Cost-Of-Living Crisis Set To "Cut Lives Short": Report. A new report has warned that the UK's cost-of-living crisis is set to "cut lives short" as people struggle to afford food and energy. The report by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) said that the crisis could lead to an increase in deaths of up to 10,000 people per year. Keeping Up With Newlyweds Parineeti And Raghav - See Delhi Pics. Parineeti Chopra and Raghav Chadha got married in a private ceremony in Delhi on Monday. The couple shared pictures from the wedding on social media, and they were congratulated by fans and celebrities alike. 'India On Path Of Peace, We Want To Go With Them': Sri Lankan Minister. Sri Lanka's Foreign Minister Ali Sabry has said that India is on a path of peace and that Sri Lanka wants to go with them. Sabry made the remarks during a meeting with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar in New York. Pics: Work At Ram Temple Site In Full Swing, Grand Inauguration In January. The construction of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya is in full swing, and the temple is expected to be inaugurated in January 2024. The temple is being built at the site where the Babri Masjid was demolished in 1992. Mark Zuckerberg, Priscilla Chan Aim To Tackle All Human Disease By 2100. Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan have announced that they are aiming to tackle all human disease by 2100. The couple has pledged $3 billion to support research into artificial intelligence and other technologies that could help to cure diseases. These are just a few of the top headlines from around the world on September 26, 2023. For more news, please visit your local news source or a reputable news website.

Analysis:

The news headlines from around the world on September 26, 2023 reflect a wide range of issues that are impacting people's lives. From the cost-of-living crisis in the UK to the war in Ukraine, there is something happening in the world that is affecting everyone.

It is important to stay informed about the latest news so that you can understand the world around you and make informed decisions about your life. You can stay informed by watching the news, reading newspapers and magazines, and listening to the radio. You can also follow news organizations on social media.

It is also important to be critical of the news that you consume. Not all news sources are created equal, and some sources may be biased or inaccurate. It is important to be aware of the different perspectives on an issue before you form an opinion.

Director of Jalsa, Suresh Triveni, outlines vision for Opening Image.

Announces his upcoming directorial films and plans for his content studio

Mumbai, 30th January, 2023: On its release in March 2022, the riveting drama thriller,

'Jalsa' caught global attention for its nuanced story, enthralling performances, and

impeccable direction. The film which was appreciated by critics and audiences alike,

garnered multiple awards and accolades for its director, Suresh Triveni and lead actors –

Vidya Balan and Shefali Shah as well as several recognitions in the technical categories

Following the film's success, in April 2022, Suresh Triveni announced the formation of

creative studio and production house, 'Opening Image', in partnership with one of India’s

premier producers, the Vikram Malhotra-led Abundantia Entertainment, to create and

produce films and series.

After his successful outings with Jalsa and the 2017 fan-favourite, Tumhari Sulu, Suresh

Triveni is now ready to entertain and captivate audiences with his next two directorial

ventures. While one film is an out-and-out action drama, the other one is a dramedy with

an element of thrill that explores questions of identity in today’s world. While more details

on both films are being kept under wraps, both are set to feature prominent A-list actors

and roll in the next 12 months. Beyond Suresh’s directorial films, there is an exciting slate

of content in development with young and fresh writers and creators, all set to be launched

under Opening Image.

Director and Founder of Opening Image, Suresh Triveni, says, "The vision for ‘Opening

Image’ is to create disruptive stories and provide a platform that encourages young talent

to tell their stories. We want to build a community that provides an ecosystem for

storytellers to flourish. On my individual front, I am excited to be back in the director’s

chair and along with my team offer fresh stories to audiences across the world. The

partnership with Abundantia Entertainment and Vikram is growing from strength to strength

and we’re having a great time telling stories together where each one of us brings

complimentary skills to the mix.”

Vikram Malhotra, Founder & CEO of Abundantia Entertainment adds, "Suresh and Opening

Image are truly building a forward-looking, audience-focused creative community and

ecosystem like no other. Its amazing to see the progress that Opening Image has made in

such short time and heartening to see the platform that it is providing to upcoming writers

and directors. On another note, I am super excited with the shape Suresh’s directorial films

are taking. Unique and entertaining”!

About Suresh Triveni

The man behind the popular 'Mauka-Mauka' campaign that caught the nation’s imagination,

Suresh Triveni is an Indian ad and feature film director. In 2017, he made his Bollywood

feature film debut with the Vidya Balan - starrer Tumhari Sulu, a slice-of-life film,

chronicling the life of an enthusiastic housewife who lands a lucrative job as a radio jockey.

It was an instant hit and was also remade in Tamil. He also wrote and directed the critically

acclaimed drama-thriller, Jalsa which released on Amazon Prime Video in March 2022.

About Abundantia Entertainment

In its young journey, Abundantia Entertainment has achieved an impressive track-record of

producing audience-focused, impactful content that includes films like the recently

released Ram Setu, Jalsa, Chhorii, Sherni and Shakuntala Devi as well as films in its early

years like Airlift, Toilet: Ek Prem Katha, Missing and Baby. Apart from the Breathe franchise

across three seasons, Abundantia Entertainment’s original series slate boasts of the

acclaimed Hush Hush (2022) and an exciting list of upcoming titles. Its 2023 line-up features

films like the Hindi remake of the critically acclaimed blockbuster, Soorarai Pottru jointly

produced with superstar Suriya’s 2D Entertainment, Anu Menon’s murder-mystery, Neeyat,

with an ensemble cast led by Vidya Balan, Sukhee with Shilpa Shetty in the lead, remake of

the critically-acclaimed, Angamaly Diaries helmed by Madhumita and the sequel to the

successful 2021 horror film, Chhorii.

Abundantia Entertainment has an exciting slate of films and shows in development which

includes films with talented directors such as Jai Mehta (Scam: 1992) and Mayank Sharma

(Breathe) as well as series like the ‘The End’ - marking the series debut of superstar Akshay

Kumar, a multi-season crime drama based on the bestselling ‘Rita Ferreira’ books, remake

of the Israeli hit YA series, ‘The Missing’ and ‘The Hood’ and the book adaptation of the

bestseller, ‘Flawed – the Nirav Modi saga’.

Social Media Handles

Instagram - @abundantiaent | Twitter - @Abundantia_Ent | Facebook - @AbundantiaEntertainment

www.abundantiaentertainment.com

Mohammed Azeem Wife, Wiki, Biography, Age, Caste, Nationality, Net Worth & More

Mohammed Azeem Wiki:- Mohammed Azeem is an Indian serial and Film actor, who has worked mainly in the Tamil Television industry. Azeem has appeared in some well-known TV serials such as Maya with Vaani Bojan, Pagal Nilavu with Shivani Natarajan, Kadaikutty Singamand, and Deivam Thandha Veedu.  Currently, he is in the limelight because of his appearance in Bigg Boss Tamil season 6 as a wild card entry contestant, which is hosted by Kamal Haasan and airs on Vijay Television. In this blog, you'll read about Mohammed Azeem's Wiki, Biography, Wife, Age, Net Worth, Height, Education, Nationality & More.

Mohammed Azeem Wife, Children

Mohammed Azeem is a married person, His wife's name is Syed Zoya. Azeem married Zoya some years ago, and they have a baby boy Rayaan Kareem as well.

Mohammed Azeem Splitting With His Wife

Azeem however officially confirmed that he and his wife Syed Zoya divorced by mutual consent. There were reports that Azeem and his wife Zoya had a falling out and were living apart much before his announcements even. Azeem has made an Instagram post expressing that he is officially split and divorced by legal prosecution because of mutual concern of both.

Mohammed Azeem with his Ex-wife Syed Zoya

Mohammed Azeem Wiki/Biography, Age, Education

Mohammed Azeem was born on 15 December 1990 in Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, he is 31 years old now. Mohammed completed his secondary education at Asan Matric Higher Secondary School, Chennai, and after that, he earned his bachelor’s degree in B.Sc computer science & Master's Degree in M.Sc Visual Communication from D.G.Vaishnav college & Loyola College. After completing his education, Azeem was hired as a campus RJ by a famous FM network, which is popularly known as Radio One. Azeem made his acting debut with the serial 'Maya' along with Vani Bhojan. Mohammed did a lead role in the Pagal Nilavu serial along with Shivani Narayanan on Star Vijay TV.  Full Name Mohammed Azeem Nick Name Azeem Profession Indian serial and Film actor Birth Date 15 December 1990 Birth Place Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Age 31 years old Zodiac Sign Sagittarius Education Qualification Graduation Nationality Indian Hometown Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Famous For Appearance in Bigg Boss Tamil season 6 as a wild card entry contestant Religion Islamic

Mohammed Azeem Nationality, Religion, Caste

Mohammed Azeem holds the nationality of Indian, his religion is Islamic and his caste is Muslim.

Mohammed Azeem Net Worth

Mohammed Azeem has an estimated net worth between $3 million and $5 million.

Social Media Accounts

Instagram Facebook Also, Read About:- Joe Musgrove Parents FAQS About Mohammed Azeem Q1) Who is Mohammed Azeem? Ans) Mohammed Azeem is an Indian serial and Film actor, who has worked mainly in the Tamil Television industry.

Q2) What is the age of Mohammed Azeem?

Ans) Mohammed Azeem was born on 15 December 1990 in Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, he is 31 years old now. Q3) What is the caste of Mohammed Azeem? Ans) Mohammed Azeem's caste is Muslim. Q4) Who is the wife of Mohammed Azeem? Ans) Mohammed Azeem is a married person, His wife's name is Syed Zoya. Q5) What is the Nationality of Mohammed Azeem? Ans) Mohammed Azeem holds the nationality of Indian. Q6) What is the Religion of Mohammed Azeem? Ans) Mohammed Azeem's religion is Islamic. Read the full article

China Radio Int. 0255 18 Oct 2022

13600Khz 0252 18 OCT 2022 - CHINA RADIO INT. (CHINA) in TAMIL from KASHI (KASHGAR) (XINJIANG). SINPO = 55333. ?Indian Language? male and female announcers giving a Chinese language lesson. Backyard gutter antenna w/MFJ-1020C active antenna (used as a preamplifier/preselector), Etón e1XM. 100kW, beamAz 173°, bearing 8°. Received at Plymouth, United States, 10613KM from transmitter at Kashi (Kashgar) (Xinjiang). Local time: 2152.

China Radio Int. 0238 23 Jul 2022

13600Khz 0236 23 JUL 2022 - CHINA RADIO INT. (CHINA) in TAMIL from KASHI (KASHGAR) (XINJIANG). SINPO = 24322. ?Asian Language? music DJ'd by male announcer. Backyard fence antenna, Etón e1XM. 100kW, beamAz 173°, bearing 8°. Received at Plymouth, United States, 10613KM from transmitter at Kashi (Kashgar) (Xinjiang). Local time: 2136.

This one is a terrifying dream I have never thought of, that day I have seen a movie its based on time machine, and the movie name is "24" its a Tamil movie. I went to sleep after watching that movie.

Now the Dream Begun," I was at unknown place it was a small room and I was searching for something, and that time I got a machine..... I don't know which machine is that exactly, but there are two Watches fixed on the top, one START button is there at the bottom and some numbers are written on the extreme top of the machine, and a 2020 calendar.

Here I have designed that bellow.

I tooked that machine for a minute, after a minute lapse I pressed the Start Button.....

I was Blank and don't know what was really happening around me, the numbers at the top are moving and it feels like some particles are rapidly moving around me.

When I opened my eyes, I was stunned because the calendar is now showing 1920s calendar and the sound was coming out of the machine its like "Well Come To 1920s"...

Woohoo🙃 !.....

I was really wondered, because the word has came to the 1920s again, I was shocked!! there is no any TV, And Telephone, the radio sound was coming out it was about the Inauguration of the League of Nations.....

I actually wanted to reset the Machine But there is no such button in that machine, I tried to change the date and time but it was not moving at all🙄,

so at last when I shake the machine, it announced as " lets start the game"...

To read full dream click on the below link

https://www.infystreet.com/post/terrific-dream-ever-i-went-100-years-past

Events 11.1

365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German). 1009 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II of Córdoba in the battle of Alcolea. 1141 – Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of 'King of England'. 1179 – Philip II is crowned as 'King of France'. 1214 – The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks. 1348 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists". 1503 – Pope Julius II is elected. 1512 – The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time. 1520 – The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage. 1555 – French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1570 – The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast. 1604 – William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London. 1611 – Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London. 1612 – During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky (22 October O.S.). 1683 – The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties. 1688 – William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution. 1755 – In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people. 1765 – The British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America. 1790 – Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster. 1800 – John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House). 1805 – Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition. 1814 – Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars. 1848 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens. 1861 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as the commander of the Union Army, replacing General Winfield Scott. 1870 – In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast. 1893 – The Battle of Bembezi took place and was the most decisive battle won by the British in the First Matabele War of 1893. 1894 – Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies. 1894 – Buffalo Bill, 15 of his Indians, and Annie Oakley were filmed by Thomas Edison in his Black Maria Studio in West Orange, New Jersey. 1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time. 1897 – The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol. 1911 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs. 1914 – World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth. 1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt. 1916 – In Russia, Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of Boris Stürmer. 1918 – Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths. 1918 – Western Ukraine separates from Austria-Hungary. 1922 – Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates. 1928 – The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet. 1937 – Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community. 1938 – Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing. 1941 – American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography. 1942 – World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory. 1943 – World War II: The 3rd Marine Division, United States Marines, landing on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay. 1944 – World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren. 1945 – The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, is first published under the name Chongro. 1948 – Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned. 1950 – Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House. 1950 – Pope Pius XII claims papal infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary. 1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary. 1952 – Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent. 1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence. 1955 – The establishment of a Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict. 1955 – The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner. 1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. János Kádár and Ferenc Münnich secretly defect to the Soviets. 1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued. 1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas. 1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens. 1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins. 1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X. 1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people. 1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor. 1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu. 1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara. 1979 – Griselda Álvarez becomes the first female governor of a state of Mexico. 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom. 1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there. 1984 – After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupt. 1987 – British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors. 1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union. 2000 – Chhattisgarh officially becomes the 26th state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern Madhya Pradesh. 2000 – The Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations. 2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.