2019's Best Database Management System PDF Notes, Books Course Data and Tutorials

Introduction to a database management system

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. Computer scientists may classify database-management systems according to the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, referred to as NoSQL because they use different query languages. Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database management system, and database.

History of database management system

The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model) The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links. The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS. The dominant database language, standardised SQL for the relational model, has influenced database languages for other data models. Object databases were developed in the 1980s to overcome the inconvenience of object-relational impedance mismatch, which led to the coining of the term "post-relational" and also the development of hybrid object-relational databases. The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known as NoSQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented databases. A competing "next generation" known as NewSQL databases attempted new implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high performance of NoSQL compared to commercially available relational DBMSs.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Database Management System.

Basic database concepts, database architecture, DB design life cycle, schema architecture, Conceptual, Logical and Physical database modeling and design, Mapping ERD to relational model, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Relational Algebra , Structured Query Language (SQL), Transaction Processing, Concurrencsy Control and Recovery Techniques, Query Optimization Concepts._

Best Recommended Fundamentals of Database Management System PDF Notes and Books in Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Fundamentals of Database Management System books for Universities: database management system A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, Prentice Hall. Modern database management system by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer , Mary Prescott, Prentice Hall

Free Database Management System PDF Notes and Books and Helping Material to Download

Database Management System IT series 3rd Edition

DOWNLOAD DBMS pdf book free

DOWNLOAD fundamentals of DBMS

DOWNLOAD

Database management system Video Tutorials

DBMS Complete tutorial for beginners Introduction to database management system (Complete) Best DBMS complete tutorial(urdu/hindi)

Get Access to  Paid Introduction to DBMS Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

2019's Best Database Management system PDF Notes, Books Course Data and Tutorials

Introduction to a database management system

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. Computer scientists may classify database-management systems according to the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, referred to as NoSQL because they use different query languages. Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database management system, and database.

History of database management system

The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model) The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links. The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS. The dominant database language, standardised SQL for the relational model, has influenced database languages for other data models. Object databases were developed in the 1980s to overcome the inconvenience of object-relational impedance mismatch, which led to the coining of the term "post-relational" and also the development of hybrid object-relational databases. The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known as NoSQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented databases. A competing "next generation" known as NewSQL databases attempted new implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high performance of NoSQL compared to commercially available relational DBMSs.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Database Management System.

Basic database concepts, database architecture, DB design life cycle, schema architecture, Conceptual, Logical and Physical database modeling and design, Mapping ERD to relational model, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Relational Algebra , Structured Query Language (SQL), Transaction Processing, Concurrencsy Control and Recovery Techniques, Query Optimization Concepts._

Best Recommended Fundamentals of Database Management System PDF Notes and Books in Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Fundamentals of Database Management System books for Universities: database management system A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, Prentice Hall. Modern database management system by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer , Mary Prescott, Prentice Hall

Free Database Management System PDF Notes and Books and Helping Material to Download

Database Management System IT series 3rd Edition

DOWNLOAD DBMS pdf book free

DOWNLOAD fundamentals of DBMS

DOWNLOAD

Database management system Video Tutorials

DBMS Complete tutorial for beginners Introduction to database management system (Complete) Best DBMS complete tutorial(urdu/hindi)

Get Access to  Paid Introduction to DBMS Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

best database management system PDF Notes, Books Course Data and Tutorials 2019

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. Computer scientists may classify database-management systems according to the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, referred to as NoSQL because they use different query languages. Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database management system, and database.The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model) The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links. The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS. The dominant database language, standardised SQL for the relational model, has influenced database languages for other data models. Object databases were developed in the 1980s to overcome the inconvenience of object-relational impedance mismatch, which led to the coining of the term "post-relational" and also the development of hybrid object-relational databases. The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known as NoSQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented databases. A competing "next generation" known as NewSQL databases attempted new implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high performance of NoSQL compared to commercially available relational DBMSs.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Database Management System.

Basic database concepts, database architecture, DB design life cycle, schema architecture, Conceptual, Logical and Physical database modeling and design, Mapping ERD to relational model, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Relational Algebra , Structured Query Language (SQL), Transaction Processing, Concurrencsy Control and Recovery Techniques, Query Optimization Concepts._

Best Recommended Fundamentals of Database Management System PDF Notes and Books in Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Fundamentals of Database Management System books for Universities: database management system A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, Prentice Hall. Modern database management system by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer , Mary Prescott, Prentice Hall Database Management System IT series 3rd Edition DBMS pdf book free fundamentals of DBMS DBMS Complete tutorial for beginners Introduction to database management system (Complete) Best DBMS complete tutorial(urdu/hindi)

Get Access to  Paid Introduction to Economics Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Database Management System PDF Notes, Books Course Data and Tutorials

Info is an associate organized assortment of data, typically keep and accessed electronically from a computer system. wherever databases ar additional advanced they’re typically developed exploitation formal style and modeling techniques. The management system (DBMS) is the code that interacts with finish users, applications, and also the data itself to capture and analyze the knowledge. The software code, additionally , encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the data . The summation of the data , the software and also the associated applications is mentioned as a “database system”. typically the term “database” is additionally accustomed loosely ask any of the software systems, the data system or associate application associated with the data . Computer scientists might classify info-management systems keep with the database models that they support. relative databases became dominant within the 19 Eighties. These model information as rows and columns during a series of tables, and also the overwhelming majority use SQL for writing and querying information. within the 2000s, non-relational databases became widespread, mentioned as NoSQL as a results of they use totally different question languages. Formally, a “database” refers to a gaggle of connected information and also the tactic it’s organized. Access to this information is usually provided by a “database management system” (DBMS) consisting of associate integrated set of pc code that permits users to maneuver with one or additional information and provides access to all or any or any or any or any of the knowledge contained within the database (although restrictions might exist that limit access to explicit data). Because of the shut relationship between them, the term “database” is usually used nonchalantly to ask each an info and also the software familiar with manipulate it. Both a info and its software adapt to the principles of a specific info model.

History of database management system

The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their several DBMSs have adult in orders of magnitude. This performance will increase were enabled by the technology progress within the fields of processors, memory devices, memory devices, and pc networks. the event of knowledge technology is split into 3 eras supported information model or structure: direction, SQL/relational, and post-relational. The two main early direction information models were the gradable model and also the CODASYL model (network model) The relative model, 1st planned in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by the appliance that applications need to search for information by content, rather of by following links. The relative model employs sets of ledger-style tables, every used for a special quite entity. solely within the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide readying of relative systems (DBMSs and applications). By the primary Nineteen Nineties, but, relative systems dominated collectively large-scale processing applications, and as of 2018 they proceed to be dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL The dominant info language, standardized SQL for the relative model, has influenced info languages for various information models Object databases were developed within the 19 Eighties to beat the inconvenience of object-relational electric resistance pair, that diode to the coining of the term “post-relational” and additionally the The next generation of post-relational databases within the late 2000s became named NoSQL databases, introducing quick key-value stores and document-oriented databases.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Database Management System.

Basic database concepts, DB design life cycle, schema architecture, database architecture, Conceptual, L Mapping ERD to relational model, ogical and Physical database modeling and design, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Relational Algebra, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Structured Query Language (SQL), Transaction Processing, Concurrencsy Control and Recovery Techniques, Query Optimization Concepts._

Best Recommended Fundamentals of Database Management System PDF Notes and Books in Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Fundamentals of Database Management System books for Universities: database management system A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management by  Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg Modern database management system by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer , Mary Prescott Database Management System IT series 3rd Edition DBMS pdf book free fundamentals of DBMS DBMS Complete tutorial for beginners Introduction to database management system (Complete) Best DBMS complete tutorial(urdu/hindi)

Get Access to  Paid Introduction to DBMS Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Requirements engineering introduces to the process of determining, documenting and reporting requirements in the engineering study process. It is a traditional role in systems engineering and software engineering. The first use of the phase specifications engineering was probably in 1964 in the conference paper Maintenance, Maintainability, and System Essentials Engineering  but did not evolve into common use until the late 1990s with the announcement of an Computer Society tutorial, in March 1997, and the business of a discussion group on conditions engineering that has emerged into the current International Requirements Engineering Conference. In the waterfall model, requirements engineering is performed as the initial stage of the development process. Later development methods, including the Rational Unified Process for software, consider that requirements engineering continues by the endurance of a system.The activities included in elements engineering vary widely, depending on the type of system doing developed and the particular practices of the organizations concerned. These may include: Requirements conception or conditions elicitation – Developers and stakeholders meet, the latter are interrogated affecting their needs and wants regarding the software product. Requirements analysis and discussion – Requirements are recognized and conflicts with stakeholders are answered. Both written and graphical tools are strongly used as aids. Examples of written analysis tools: use cases and user stories. Examples of graphical tools: UML and LML. System modeling – Some engineering fields require the product to be entirely designed and modeled before its production or fabrication starts and, therefore, the design stage must be performed in advance. For instance, plans for a structure must be developed before any agreement can be accepted and signed. Many fields might obtain illustrations of the system with the Lifecycle Modeling Language, whereas others, might use UML. Note: In many fields, such as software engineering, most modeling projects are categorized as design activities and not as necessary engineering exercises. Requirements specification – Requirements are documented in a symmetrical artifact called a Requirements Specification, which will become clear only after validation. A RS can include both written and graphical information if required. Requirements validation – Verifying that the documented qualifications and models are compatible and satisfy the requirements of the stakeholder. Only if the final design exceeds the validation process, the RS shifts official. Requirements management – Handling all the exercises linked to the requirements since beginning, controlling as the system is developed and, even till after it is put into use.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Software Requirement Engineering Subject.

The requirement problem Introduction to requirement management Five steps in business analysis Three views of business modeling The challenge of requirement elicitation The features of a product/system Requirements workshop Storyboarding The vision document Use cases Use case specification Activity diagram Link between features and use cases Project scope Requirement management Non-functional requirement Quality measures of software requirements Requirements review Verification Validation

Best Recommended Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Software Requirement Engineering Books for Universities: Software Requirements Engineering Handbook by Ralph R. Young.pdf  Requirements Engineering, Publisher: Springer, Editors: Samuel A. Fricker, Christoph Thümmler, Anastasius Gavras Software Requirement Engineering by Sparx Systems & Stephen Maguire

Free Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Notes  and Helping Material to Download

The Requirements Engineering Handbook by Ralph R. Young.pdf  Requirements Engineering, Publisher: Springer, Editors: Samuel A. Fricker, Christoph Thümmler, Anastasius Gavras PDF Book Software Requirement Engineering by Sparx Systems & Stephen Maguire

Software Requirement Engineering Video Tutorials

Software Requirement Engineering by Virtual University Software Requirement Engineering  By Enfocus Solutions Software Requirement Engineering By Easy Engineering Classes

Get Access to Software Requirement Engineering, Courses and books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Requirements engineering (RE) refers to the process of defining, documenting and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering. The first use of the term requirements engineering was probably in 1964 in the conference paper "Maintenance, Maintainability, and System Requirements Engineering" but did not come into general use until the late 1990s with the publication of an IEEE Computer Society tutorial, in March 1997, and the establishment of a conference series on requirements engineering that has evolved into the current International Requirements Engineering Conference. In the waterfall model, requirements engineering is presented as the first phase of the development process. Later development methods, including the Rational Unified Process (RUP), for software, assume that requirements engineering continues through the lifetime of a system.The activities involved in requirements engineering vary widely, depending on the type of system being developed and the specific practices of the organization(s) involved. These may include: Requirements inception or requirements elicitation – Developers and stakeholders meet, the latter are inquired concerning their needs and wants regarding the software product. Requirements analysis and negotiation – Requirements are identified (including new ones if the development is iterative) and conflicts with stakeholders are solved. Both written and graphical tools (the latter commonly used in the design phase but some find them helpful at this stage, too) are successfully used as aids. Examples of written analysis tools: use cases and user stories. Examples of graphical tools: UML and LML. System modeling – Some engineering fields (or specific situations) require the product to be completely designed and modeled before its construction or fabrication starts and, therefore, the design phase must be performed in advance. For instance, blueprints for a building must be elaborated before any contract can be approved and signed. Many fields might derive models of the system with the Lifecycle Modeling Language, whereas others, might use UML. Note: In many fields, such as software engineering, most modeling activities are classified as design activities and not as requirement engineering activities. Requirements specification – Requirements are documented in a formal artifact called a Requirements Specification (RS), which will become official only after validation. A RS can contain both written and graphical (models) information if necessary. Example: Software requirements specification (SRS). Requirements validation – Checking that the documented requirements and models are consistent and meet the needs of the stakeholder. Only if the final draft passes the validation process, the RS becomes official. Requirements management – Managing all the activities related to the requirements since inception, supervising as the system is developed and, even until after it is put into use (e. g., changes, extensions, etc.)

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Software Requirement Engineering Subject.

The requirement problem Introduction to requirement management Five steps in business analysis Three views of business modeling The challenge of requirement elicitation The features of a product/system Requirements workshop Storyboarding The vision document Use cases Use case specification Activity diagram Link between features and use cases Project scope Requirement management Non-functional requirement Quality measures of software requirements Requirements review Verification Validation

Best Recommended Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Software Requirement Engineering Books for Universities: Software Requirements Engineering Handbook by Ralph R. Young.pdf  Requirements Engineering, Publisher: Springer, Editors: Samuel A. Fricker, Christoph Thümmler, Anastasius Gavras Software Requirement Engineering by Sparx Systems & Stephen Maguire

Free Software Requirement Engineering Books PDF, Notes  and Helping Material to Download

The Requirements Engineering Handbook by Ralph R. Young.pdf  Requirements Engineering, Publisher: Springer, Editors: Samuel A. Fricker, Christoph Thümmler, Anastasius Gavras PDF Book Software Requirement Engineering by Sparx Systems & Stephen Maguire

Software Requirement Engineering Video Tutorials

Software Requirement Engineering by Virtual University Software Requirement Engineering  By Enfocus Solutions Software Requirement Engineering By Easy Engineering Classes

Get Access to Software Requirement Engineering, Courses and books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Functional English Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Functional English is practice of the English language wanted to complete a particular function. This is typically taught as a main subject as a high command of English is frequently required for educational study and career improvement. In some illustrations, a particular form of technical English may be needed for a distinct vocation such as Aviation English. Such specialized practice is known and taught as English for Specific Purposes.English for specific purposes is a subset of English as a secondary or foreign language. It usually introduces to teaching the English language to university students or people in employment, with evidence to the particular dictionary and skills they need. As with one language taught for particular purposes, a given program of ESP will concentrate on one job or profession, like Technical English, Scientific English, English for medicinal professionals, English for servants, English for tourism, etc. Despite the seemingly limited focus, a course of ESP can have a wide-ranging impact, as is the case with Environmental English.English as a second or international language is the use of English by speakers with various native languages. Language education for people learning English may be associated as English as a second language, English as a international language, English as an additional language, or English for speakers of different languages. The aspect in which ESL is directed is called educating English as a international language. The term "ESL" has been seen by some to designate that English would be of minor importance; for example, where English is used as a lingua franca in a multilingual country. The term can be a misnomer for some students who have studied several languages before learning English. The terms "English language learners", and, more recently, "English learners" (EL), have been used instead, and the students' native languages and practices are judged important.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Functional English Subject.

Sounds of words Punctuation. Pronunciation. Basic grammar and syntax Nouns their types and their usage. Genders : Masculine and feminine Singulars and plurals Conjunctions their types and their usage. Adjective; their types and their usage. Verbs and Tenses Types and their usage Adverbs ; their types and their usage Fragments and incomplete sentences Pronouns their types and their Usage Sentences, Phrase , /paragraph Topic and Comment Sentences Translation English into Urdu

Best Recommended Functional English Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Functional English Books for Universities: Functional English Grammar by Graham Lock AQA Functional English Student Book: Pass  by David Stone New Functional Skills English: City & Guilds  ‑ Study & Test Practice by Coordination Group Publications Functional Skills: English Level 1 by Roslyn Whitley Willis

Free Functional English Books PDF, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Functional English Grammar by Graham Lock PDF Book Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon PDF BOOK The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross PDF Book

Functional English Video Tutorials

Functional English by Sara Romao Functional English by Virtual Comsats English Functional Language Lessons by Maltalingua - English Language School Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Functional English Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Functional English is practice of the English language wanted to complete a particular function. This is typically taught as a main subject as a high command of English is frequently required for educational study and career improvement. In some illustrations, a particular form of technical English may be needed for a distinct vocation such as Aviation English. Such specialized practice is known and taught as English for Specific Purposes.English for specific purposes is a subset of English as a secondary or foreign language. It usually introduces to teaching the English language to university students or people in employment, with evidence to the particular dictionary and skills they need. As with one language taught for particular purposes, a given program of ESP will concentrate on one job or profession, like Technical English, Scientific English, English for medicinal professionals, English for servants, English for tourism, etc. Despite the seemingly limited focus, a course of ESP can have a wide-ranging impact, as is the case with Environmental English.English as a second or international language is the use of English by speakers with various native languages. Language education for people learning English may be associated as English as a second language, English as a international language, English as an additional language, or English for speakers of different languages. The aspect in which ESL is directed is called educating English as a international language. The term "ESL" has been seen by some to designate that English would be of minor importance; for example, where English is used as a lingua franca in a multilingual country. The term can be a misnomer for some students who have studied several languages before learning English. The terms "English language learners", and, more recently, "English learners" (EL), have been used instead, and the students' native languages and practices are judged important.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Functional English Subject.

Sounds of words Punctuation. Pronunciation. Basic grammar and syntax Nouns their types and their usage. Genders : Masculine and feminine Singulars and plurals Conjunctions their types and their usage. Adjective; their types and their usage. Verbs and Tenses Types and their usage Adverbs ; their types and their usage Fragments and incomplete sentences Pronouns their types and their Usage Sentences, Phrase , /paragraph Topic and Comment Sentences Translation English into Urdu

Best Recommended Functional English Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Functional English Books for Universities: Functional English Grammar by Graham Lock Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon, The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross

Free Functional English Books PDF, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Data Warehousing Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Paulraj Ponniah PDF Book Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon PDF BOOK The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross PDF Book

Data Warehousing Video Tutorials

Data Warehousing Tutorial Videos by Edureka Data Warehousing by VU Tube Data warehouse and data mining by Last Moment Tuitions

Get Access to Data Warehousing Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Functional English Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Functional English is practice of the English language wanted to complete a particular function. This is typically taught as a main subject as a high command of English is frequently required for educational study and career improvement. In some illustrations, a particular form of technical English may be needed for a distinct vocation such as Aviation English. Such specialized practice is known and taught as English for Specific Purposes.English for specific purposes is a subset of English as a secondary or foreign language. It usually introduces to teaching the English language to university students or people in employment, with evidence to the particular dictionary and skills they need. As with one language taught for particular purposes, a given program of ESP will concentrate on one job or profession, like Technical English, Scientific English, English for medicinal professionals, English for servants, English for tourism, etc. Despite the seemingly limited focus, a course of ESP can have a wide-ranging impact, as is the case with Environmental English.English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages. Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL). The aspect in which ESL is taught is called teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). The term "ESL" has been seen by some to indicate that English would be of subordinate importance; for example, where English is used as a lingua franca in a multilingual country. The term can be a misnomer for some students who have learned several languages before learning English. The terms "English language learners" (ELL), and, more recently, "English learners" (EL), have been used instead, and the students' native languages and cultures are considered important.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Functional English Subject.

Sounds of words Punctuation. Pronunciation. Basic grammar and syntax Nouns their types and their usage. Genders : Masculine and feminine Singulars and plurals Conjunctions their types and their usage. Adjective; their types and their usage. Verbs and Tenses Types and their usage Pronouns their types and their Usage Adverbs ; their types and their usage Phrase ,Sentences /paragraph Fragments and incomplete sentences Topic and Comment Sentences Translation Urdu into English Translation English into Urdu

Best Recommended Functional English Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Data Warehousing Books for Universities: Data Warehousing Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Paulraj Ponniah Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon, The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross

Free Functional English Books PDF, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Data Warehousing Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Paulraj Ponniah PDF Book Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon PDF BOOK The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross PDF Book

Data Warehousing Video Tutorials

Data Warehousing Tutorial Videos by Edureka Data Warehousing by VU Tube Data warehouse and data mining by Last Moment Tuitions

Get Access to Data Warehousing Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Functional English Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Functional English is practice of the English language wanted to complete a particular function. This is typically taught as a main subject as a high command of English is frequently required for educational study and career improvement. In some illustrations, a particular form of technical English may be needed for a distinct vocation such as Aviation English. Such specialized practice is known and taught as English for Specific Purposes.English for specific purposes is a subset of English as a secondary or foreign language. It usually introduces to teaching the English language to university students or people in employment, with evidence to the particular dictionary and skills they need. As with one language taught for particular purposes, a given program of ESP will concentrate on one job or profession, like Technical English, Scientific English, English for medicinal professionals, English for servants, English for tourism, etc. Despite the seemingly limited focus, a course of ESP can have a wide-ranging impact, as is the case with Environmental English.English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages. Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a second language (ESL), English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an additional language (EAL), or English for speakers of other languages (ESOL). The aspect in which ESL is taught is called teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). The term "ESL" has been seen by some to indicate that English would be of subordinate importance; for example, where English is used as a lingua franca in a multilingual country. The term can be a misnomer for some students who have learned several languages before learning English. The terms "English language learners" (ELL), and, more recently, "English learners" (EL), have been used instead, and the students' native languages and cultures are considered important.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Functional English Subject.

Sounds of words Punctuation. Pronunciation. Basic grammar and syntax Nouns their types and their usage. Genders : Masculine and feminine Singulars and plurals Conjunctions their types and their usage. Adjective; their types and their usage. Verbs and Tenses Types and their usage Pronouns their types and their Usage Adverbs ; their types and their usage Phrase ,Sentences /paragraph Fragments and incomplete sentences Topic and Comment Sentences Translation Urdu into English Translation English into Urdu

Best Recommended Functional English Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Data Warehousing Books for Universities: Data Warehousing Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Paulraj Ponniah Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon, The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross

Free Functional English Books PDF, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Data Warehousing Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Paulraj Ponniah PDF Book Building the Data Warehouse, 4th Edition, W. H. Inmon PDF BOOK The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Edition Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross PDF Book

Data Warehousing Video Tutorials

Data Warehousing Tutorial Videos by Edureka Data Warehousing by VU Tube Data warehouse and data mining by Last Moment Tuitions

Get Access to Data Warehousing Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

Communication Skills Books PDF, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Communication (from Latin communicare, meaning "to share") is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. The main steps inherent to all communication are: The formation of communicative motivation or reason. Message composition (further internal or technical elaboration on what exactly to express). Message encoding (for example, into digital data, written text, speech, pictures, gestures and so on). Transmission of the encoded message as a sequence of signals using a specific channel or medium. Noise sources such as natural forces and in some cases human activity (both intentional and accidental) begin influencing the quality of signals propagating from the sender to one or more receivers. Reception of signals and reassembling of the encoded message from a sequence of received signals. Decoding of the reassembled encoded message. Interpretation and making sense of the presumed original message. Over time the forms of and ideas about communication have evolved through the continuing progression of technology. Advances include communications psychology and media psychology, an emerging field of study. The progression of written communication can be divided into three "information communication revolutions": Written communication first emerged through the use of pictographs. The pictograms were made in stone, hence written communication was not yet mobile. Pictograms began to develop standardized and simplified forms. The next step occurred when writing began to appear on paper, papyrus, clay, wax, and other media with commonly shared writing systems, leading to adaptable alphabets. Communication became mobile. The final stage is characterized by the transfer of information through controlled waves of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., radio, microwave, infrared) and other electronic signals. Physical barriers – Physical barriers are often due to the nature of the environment. An example of this is the natural barrier which exists if staff is located in different buildings or on different sites. System design – System design faults refer to problems with the structures or systems in place in an organization. Examples might include an organizational structure which is unclear and therefore makes it confusing to know whom to communicate with. Attitudinal barriers– Attitudinal barriers come about as a result of problems with staff in an organization. These may be brought about, for example, by such factors as poor management, lack of consultation with employees, personality conflicts which can result in people delaying or refusing to communicate. Ambiguity of words/phrases –The communicator must ensure that the receiver receives the same meaning. It is better if such words are avoided by using alternatives whenever possible. Individual linguistic ability – The use of jargon, difficult or inappropriate words in communication can prevent the recipients from understanding the message. Poorly explained or misunderstood messages can also result in confusion. However, research in communication has shown that confusion can lend legitimacy to research when persuasion fails.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Communication Skills Subject.

What is communication?,Verbal vs Non Verbal,Communication Styles,How to deal with different styles Conversation,AIR,Dos and Don’ts,Communication Cycle,Listening,Process of Listening,Questioning,Presentations,Aim,Plan,Structure,Persuasion,Reasoning and Thinking,Assertiveness,Written Communication,Memo,Email,Formal,Reports,Interview,Interview types,Interviewer types,Do’s and don’ts,Preparation,Body Language,syles,Ratios,Why is it important,Expressions,Body movement and gestures,Passive / Active Modes and indicators,Posture

Best Recommended Communication Skills Books PDF, Tutorials and Notes for Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Data Warehousing Books for Universities: Communication Skills, 2nd Edition, Career Skills Library Communication Skills by S. K. Jha, Meena Malik, Effective Communication by Paul Newton & Helen Bristoll

Free Communication Skills PDF Notes, Books and Helping Material to Download

Communication Skills, 2nd Edition, Career Skills Library Communication Skills by S. K. Jha, Meena Malik PDF BOOK Effective Communication by Paul Newton & Helen Bristoll

Communication Skills Video Tutorials

Communication Skills full course by PresentDotMe Communication Skills by Online Communication Skills Training Courses Communication Skills by AsadYaqub

Get Access to Communication Skills Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article

2019's Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data, in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods). A feature of objects is an object's procedures that can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self"). In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another. OOP languages are diverse, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also determine their types. Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Significant object-oriented languages include Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and Smalltalk.

Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books

Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or multi-paradigm with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.Variables that can store information formatted in a small number of built-in data types like integers and alphanumeric characters. This may include data structures like strings, lists, and hash tables that are either built-in or result from combining variables using memory pointers. Procedures – also known as functions, methods, routines, or subroutines – that take input, generate output, and manipulate data. Modern languages include structured programming constructs like loops and conditionals. Modular programming support provides the ability to group procedures into files and modules for organizational purposes. Modules are namespaced so identifiers in one module will not conflict with a procedure or variable sharing the same name in another file or module.Languages that support object-oriented programming(OOP) typically use inheritance for code reuse and extensibility in the form of either classes or prototypes. Those that use classes support two main concepts: Classes – the definitions for the data format and available procedures for a given type or class of object; may also contain data and procedures (known as class methods) themselves, i.e. classes contain the data members and member functions Objects – instances of classesTerminology invoking "objects" and "oriented" in the modern sense of object-oriented programming made its first appearance at MIT in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the environment of the artificial intelligence group, as early as 1960, "object" could refer to identified items (LISP atoms) with properties (attributes); Alan Kay was later to cite a detailed understanding of LISP internals as a strong influence on his thinking in 1966 read more

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Object Oriented Programming Subject.

Introduce object-oriented programming paradigm in C++. Explain basic concepts of OOP paradigm like encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, inheritance, and data hiding. Implement OOP, Generic Programming Concepts and manipulate exception handling using Code Blocks. To identify ethical concerns in program writing and intellectual contexts by adhering to the rule of using signature programming.

Best Recommended Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes,  Tutorials for Universities:

Here is detailed list of Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books for Universities: 1.Object Oriented Programming in C++ 4thEdition by Robert Lafore 2. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) using C++ by IT series 3. Object Oriented Programming with C++ and Java Edition: First Publisher: Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

Free Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Object Oriented Programmingin C++ 4thEdition by Robert Lafore Object Oriented Programming (OOP) using C++ by IT series Object Oriented Programming with C++ and Java Edition: First Publisher: Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

Object Oriented Programming Video Tutorials

Object Oriented Programming c++ full course by LearningLad object oriented programming by Waris Zargar object oriented programming by programming line Read the full article

2019's Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes, Course Data and Tutorials

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data, in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods). A feature of objects is an object's procedures that can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self"). In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another. OOP languages are diverse, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also determine their types. Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Significant object-oriented languages include Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and Smalltalk.

Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books

Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or multi-paradigm with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.Variables that can store information formatted in a small number of built-in data types like integers and alphanumeric characters. This may include data structures like strings, lists, and hash tables that are either built-in or result from combining variables using memory pointers. Procedures – also known as functions, methods, routines, or subroutines – that take input, generate output, and manipulate data. Modern languages include structured programming constructs like loops and conditionals. Modular programming support provides the ability to group procedures into files and modules for organizational purposes. Modules are namespaced so identifiers in one module will not conflict with a procedure or variable sharing the same name in another file or module.Languages that support object-oriented programming(OOP) typically use inheritance for code reuse and extensibility in the form of either classes or prototypes. Those that use classes support two main concepts: Classes – the definitions for the data format and available procedures for a given type or class of object; may also contain data and procedures (known as class methods) themselves, i.e. classes contain the data members and member functions Objects – instances of classesTerminology invoking "objects" and "oriented" in the modern sense of object-oriented programming made its first appearance at MIT in the late 1950s and early 1960s. In the environment of the artificial intelligence group, as early as 1960, "object" could refer to identified items (LISP atoms) with properties (attributes); Alan Kay was later to cite a detailed understanding of LISP internals as a strong influence on his thinking in 1966 read more

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Object Oriented Programming Subject.

Introduce object-oriented programming paradigm in C++. Explain basic concepts of OOP paradigm like encapsulation, polymorphism, abstraction, inheritance, and data hiding. Implement OOP, Generic Programming Concepts and manipulate exception handling using Code Blocks. To identify ethical concerns in program writing and intellectual contexts by adhering to the rule of using signature programming.

Best Recommended Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes,  Tutorials for Universities:

Here is detailed list of Best Object Oriented Programming PDF Books for Universities: 1.Object Oriented Programming in C++ 4thEdition by Robert Lafore 2. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) using C++ by IT series 3. Object Oriented Programming with C++ and Java Edition: First Publisher: Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

Free Object Oriented Programming PDF Books, Notes and Helping Material to Download

Object Oriented Programmingin C++ 4thEdition by Robert Lafore Object Oriented Programming (OOP) using C++ by IT series Object Oriented Programming with C++ and Java Edition: First Publisher: Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli

Object Oriented Programming Video Tutorials

Object Oriented Programming c++ full course by LearningLad object oriented programming by Waris Zargar object oriented programming by programming line Read the full article

2019's Best Database Management System PDF Notes, Books Course Data and Tutorials

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. Where databases are more complex they are often developed using formal design and modeling techniques. The database management system (DBMS) is the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS software additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a "database system". Often the term "database" is also used to loosely refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. Computer scientists may classify database-management systems according to the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, referred to as NoSQL because they use different query languages. Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to this data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized. Because of the close relationship between them, the term "database" is often used casually to refer to both a database and the DBMS used to manipulate it. Both a database and its DBMS conform to the principles of a particular database model. "Database system" refers collectively to the database model, database management system, and database.The sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grown in orders of magnitude. These performance increases were enabled by the technology progress in the areas of processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer networks. The development of database technology can be divided into three eras based on data model or structure: navigational, SQL/relational, and post-relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model) The relational model, first proposed in 1970 by Edgar F. Codd, departed from this tradition by insisting that applications should search for data by content, rather than by following links. The relational model employs sets of ledger-style tables, each used for a different type of entity. Only in the mid-1980s did computing hardware become powerful enough to allow the wide deployment of relational systems (DBMSs plus applications). By the early 1990s, however, relational systems dominated in all large-scale data processing applications, and as of 2018 they remain dominant: IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are the most searched DBMS. The dominant database language, standardised SQL for the relational model, has influenced database languages for other data models. Object databases were developed in the 1980s to overcome the inconvenience of object-relational impedance mismatch, which led to the coining of the term "post-relational" and also the development of hybrid object-relational databases. The next generation of post-relational databases in the late 2000s became known as NoSQL databases, introducing fast key-value stores and document-oriented databases. A competing "next generation" known as NewSQL databases attempted new implementations that retained the relational/SQL model while aiming to match the high performance of NoSQL compared to commercially available relational DBMSs.

This Outline Will be similar with your University Course Outline for Database Management System.

Basic database concepts, database architecture, DB design life cycle, schema architecture, Conceptual, Logical and Physical database modeling and design, Mapping ERD to relational model, Functional Dependencies and Normalization, Relational Algebra , Structured Query Language (SQL), Transaction Processing, Concurrencsy Control and Recovery Techniques, Query Optimization Concepts._

Best Recommended Fundamentals of Database Management System PDF Notes and Books in Universities:

Here is detailed list of best Fundamentals of Database Management System books for Universities: database management system A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management, Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, Prentice Hall. Modern database management system by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey Hoofer , Mary Prescott, Prentice Hall Database Management System IT series 3rd Edition DBMS pdf book free fundamentals of DBMS DBMS Complete tutorial for beginners Introduction to database management system (Complete) Best DBMS complete tutorial(urdu/hindi)

Get Access to  Paid Introduction to DBMS Courses and Books exclusive on  Amazon,  Khan Academy, Scribd,   Coursea, Bightthink, EDX and  BrightStorm

Check out on Amazon Store Check out on  Khan Academy Check out on COURSEA Check out on Bright Storm Check out on Edx.com Read and Learn More about on BIGTHINK Get more Details about  Bachelor's Degree Courses Here. These Course contents belong to HEC outline for this specific Subject. If you have any further inquiries, Please Contact US for details via mail. All the data is extracted from HEC official website. The basic purpose for this to find all course subjects data on one page. Read the full article