Pure levamisole powder

Levamisole Powder Description

Levamisole is a veterinary pharmaceutical used primarily to treat worm infestations in livestock. It has also been used experimentally and historically to treat various autoimmune disorders and cancers in humans. Most recently it has been used as an adulterant in cocaine, which is an excellent “cutting” agent because it is white, cheap, available in powder form, easily purchased, and thought to increase the euphoric effects of cocaine.

Product NameFactory Supply Best Price Powder Pure LevamisoleAppearanceWhite Crystalline PowderCAS16595-80-5MFC11H12N2S.HClGradePhamaceutical GradePurity99%Applicationhuman PharmaceuticalsStorageKeep in cool ＆ dry place,stay away from strong light and heatShelf Life24 months

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What is Levamisole Hydrochloride

Levamisole Hydrochloride (Levamisole HCl), is an anthelmintic (anti-worm) agent commonly used in large livestock such as cattle, pigs and sheep.

In 1971 it was found to have immunostimulatory properties and investigation into its use in humans began to expand.

Levamisole is an often recommended medication for treating parasites, especially camallanus worm. Unfortunately this medication must be dosed low enough to keep the fish safe and it does not always kill the parasites. More often than not it will only paralyze the parasite. This is why it is critical to dose carefully and to do the recommended deep gravel vacs to clean up paralyzed parasites. One added benefit of treating with Levamisole is that it gives the immune system a boost and the fish may appear to be healthy suddenly.

Treats: Stomach worms–Haemonchus spp; Ostertagia spp; Trichostrongylus spp; Roundworms– Nematodirus spp (which include threadworms); Cooperia spp; Nodular worms–Oesophagostomum; Chabertia spp; Hookworms–Bunostomum spp; Necator spp; and Ancylostoma spp; and Lungworms– Dictyocaulus spp.

Does NOT treat Cestodes (tapeworms) or Trematodes (flatworms or flukes)

Safe for invertebrates and plants.

Treatment Plan: Dose 90mg/10 gallons or 1/4 teaspoon per 100 gallons. In 24 hours do a 75-100% water change with deep gravel vacs. Repeat for a second treatment. Then repeat both in 3 weeks. May need a 3rd round as well to break the parasite reproductive cycle. Keep lights off during treatment as this medication is light sensitive.

Application of levamisole powder

Levamisole hydrochloride has beneficial effects on host defense mechanisms and restores depressed immune responses in animals and human.Another interesting use of levamisole in humans is as a treatment for common warts (verruca vulgaris).

News of its anthelmintic efficacy and immune system benefits has been known among aquatic

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1,4-Butanediol cas110-63-4 BDO

Product Description

Product Name: 1,4-ButanediolThe compound 1,4-butanediol — which is also known as 1,4-B, BD, BDO, butylene glycol, or CAS No. 110-63-4 — is a commodity building block chemical used in polymer and THF production. Each year, more than 2.5 million tons of polymers are manufactured where BDO is employed. BDO can also be used as a chain-extender for urethane systems and as a raw material for other chemical production. BDO is a valuable chemical to the solvent and adhesive industries.CAS 110-63-4 EINECS: 203-786-5 Molecular Weight: 90.121 Molecular Formula: C4H10O2 Density: 1.006g/cm3 Melting Point(ºC):  20ºC Boiling Point(ºC):  227.999°C at 760 mmHg Flash Point(ºC):  105.909°C refractive_index:  1.441 Water Solubility:  MiscibleProduct Name1,4-ButanediolAliasTetramethylene GlycolCAS110-63-4EINECS203-786-5MFC4H10O2Assay99%AppearanceColorless Viscous Liquid Application(1). 1, 4-butanediol is the main material for producing polyurethane artificial leather, polyurethane, elastomer and polyurethane sole glue. Polyurethane elastomer are widely used to manufacture elastic sole, auto solid fire, friction conveying belt and etc. (2). 1, 4-butanediol is the main raw material for producing THF, which is an important organic solvent. The polymeric compound PTMEG of THF forms the basic material for highly-elastic urethane elastic fiber, which is mainly used for producing high-grade sports wear and swimming suit that requirs high elasticity. (3). 1, 4-butanediol is the main material for producing γ -butyrolacton, which is widely used in pesticide, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other industries due to its ability to produce NMP and their derivatives NVP and PVP etc. High add-ons products. (4). 1, 4-butanediol is an important raw materials for organic and refined. It is the basic material for producing PBT plastics and fiber, and PBT is one of the five most promising engineering plastics.1,4-Butanediol uses include cleaning compounds, cosmetics, eye liner, eye shadow, ink, plasticizer, polyester polymers, polyurethanes, solvent, THF, and urethane polymers.Polyurethanes: 1,4-Butanediol is used in both the hard and soft segments. In the hard segment as a chain extender and in the soft segment as polyesterdiols such as polybutylene adipate glycol. In addition to its use in the soft segments of polyurethanes, 1,4 BDO is used in the hard segments of some polyurethanes, particularly those made with MDI or TDI. In the hard segment or as a crosslinker, 1,4 BDO produces a good balance between hardness and low temperature flexibilityEsters: These esters include monomeric plasticizers, the engineering plastic polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and low molecular weight polyester glycols. The polyester glycols are used as soft segments in polyurethanes and are made by reacting 1,4 BDO with various dibasic acids such as adipic and sebacic acid.Butanediol and its derivatives is used in a broad spectrum of applications in the chemical industry; amongst others in the manufacturing of technical plastics, polyurethanes, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibres.1,4-Butanediol is used in the synthesis of epothilones, a new class of cancer drugs. Also used in the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide.1,4-Butanediol's largest use is within tetrahydrofuran (THF) production, used to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, which goes mainly into spandex fibers, urethane elastomers, and copolyester ethers.It is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.It is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.It undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.It acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).It finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.1,4-butanediol is also used as a plasticiser (e.g. in polyesters

and cellulosics), as a carrier solvent in printing ink, a cleaning agent, an adhesive (in leather, plastics, polyester laminates and polyurethane footwear), in agricultural and veterinary chemicals and in coatings (in paints, varnishes and films).Synonyms1,4-BUTANEDIOL1,4-BUTYLENE GLYCOL1,4-DIHYDROXYBUTANEAKOS BBS-00004303BDOBUTANEDIOL, 1,4-TETRAMETHYLENE GLYCOLVERSALINK CURATIVE 1,4 BDO1,4-BD1,4-Tetramethylene1,4-Tetramethylene glycol1,4-tetramethyleneglycolagrisynthb1dbutane,1,4-dihydroxy-ButanediolButylene glycolDabco BDODiol 14Bdiol14bSucol BReactivity Profile1,4-BUTANEDIOL(110-63-4) is heat and light sensitive. This compound reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates. 1,4-BUTANEDIOL(110-63-4) also reacts with oxidizing agents and reducing agents. 1,4-BUTANEDIOL(110-63-4) is incompatible with isocyanates and acids. 1,4-BUTANEDIOL(110-63-4) is also incompatible with peroxides, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitric acid, caustics, acetaldehyde, nitrogen peroxide and chlorine.

Tags: 1,4-Butanediol cas110-63-4 BDO BDO bdo liquid bdo & gbl 1,4-Butanediol price bdo price

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN power)

NMN powder description CAS No.: 1094-61-7Appearance: White Crystalline PowderPurity: 99%Molecular Weight: 334.22CAS NO: 1094-61-7MF. C11H15N2O8PNicotinamide Mononucleotide is a water-soluble vitamin, The product is white crystalline powder, odorless or nearly odorless, bitter in taste, freely soluble in water or ethanol, dissolvable in glycerin.Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is easy to absorb oral, and can be widely distributed in the body, the excess metabolites or prototype quickly expel from urine. Nicotinamide is part of coenzyme I and coenzyme II, plays the role of hydrogen delivery in biological oxidation respiratory chain, can promote biological oxidation processes and tissue metabolism, maintain normal tissue (especially the skin, digestive tract and nervous system) integrity has an important role.In addition, nicotinamide has prevention and treatment of heart block, sinus node function and anti-fast experimental arrhythmias, nicotinamide can significantly improve the heart rate and atrioventricular block caused by verapamil.NMN powder function Nicotinamide Mononucleotide(NMN powder) belongs to Vitamin B, participating in metabolism in the body, can be used to prevent pellagra or other niacin defection disease.Nicotinamide Mononucleotide(NMN powder)could be used as feed/human nutrition, booth the growth and strengthen the immunity.Nicotinamide mononucleotides play an important role in the production of human cell energy, which is involved in the synthesis of intracellular NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an important coenzyme for cell energy conversion)Potential benefits of NMN powder Once in the cells of animals, NMN will promote the production of NAD+. NAD+ provides the necessary energy for the cells and is considered essential for healthy aging. Here are some of the more well-known examples. Anti-aging supplements-As we age, NAD+ levels will decrease. This can lead to energy loss, weight gain, and blood flow reduction. NMN helps to increase NAD+ levels to slow down the aging process. Reduce age-related weight gain-As you age, NMN helps support your metabolism to help prevent age-related weight gain. NAD+ also plays a key role in activating proteins that maintain DNA integrity. Given its central role in so many cellular processes, the potential benefits of NMN extend to almost all body systems.Promote vascular health and blood flow We rely on skeletal muscles to maintain movement, stability and strength. In order to stay strong and in good shape, these muscles must consume a lot of key energy molecules, such as glucose and fatty acids. Because NAD+ is needed to metabolize these molecules, our muscles need a stable supply of its building blocks, such as NMN. Studies on mice have shown that NMN can prevent many aging-related health declines, such as hardening of blood vessels, oxidative stress, the ability of our cells to divide, and even changes in the activity of our genes. Scientists call this gene expression. . Improve muscle endurance and strength Studies have shown that mice fed with NMN for a long time have better energy metabolism and no obvious side effects. As we age and our own NAD+ supply decreases, the health of our muscles becomes more and more important. Prevent heart disease At least your skeletal muscles can rest. Not only can your heart not rest, it can't even slow down without causing serious problems. Therefore, the energy demand of the heart is huge. In order to keep it running, it needs to play all the NAD+ as much as possible. This is why heart cells need a stable supply of NMN. Reduce the risk of obesity Obesity is related to a variety of unhealthy conditions and it is very challenging to treat. There is no simple cure for obesity and related diseases (such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome). Although lifestyle adjustments (such as continuous exercise and healthy eating) are essential, everything helps. In mouse studies, NMN showed an effect that mimics calorie restriction (CR). Although CR has been shown to have many benefits for aging and health, it is a system that is difficult to

maintain in the long term. It is undoubtedly beneficial to imitate the benefits of this extreme diet without sticking to it. Enhanced maintenance of DNA repair NAD+ made of NMN activates a group of proteins called Sirtuins. Sirtuins, sometimes considered guardians of our health, play a key role in maintaining the integrity of our DNA. Every time our cells divide, the DNA at the ends of the chromosomes gets shorter. At some point, this started to damage our genes. Sirtuins slow down this process by stabilizing these end positions (called telomeres in science). However, in order to function, sirtuins rely on NAD+. Recent studies have shown that feeding mice with NMN activates Sirtuins and leads to more stable telomeres. Increase mitochondrial function In short, without mitochondria, we cannot survive. These unique cellular structures are called the power source of the cell. They convert the molecules in the food we eat into energy used by cells. NAD+ is at the core of this process. In fact, mitochondrial abnormalities caused by the loss of NAD+ may even affect neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's. Studies conducted in mice have shown that supplementation with NMN has rescued some mitochondrial dysfunction.📷tips of NMN powder Scientists have now confirmed that there is a direct link between decreased NAD+ levels and aging in animal and human subjects. A breakthrough study published by Harvard University scientists in 2013 showed for the first time that certain aspects of aging may be reversible. After treating elderly mice with NMN, several biometric markers that were subsequently measured were similar to those of young mice: "Humans are equivalent to 60-year-olds, and their markers are similar to 20-year-olds." Research and understanding of NAD+ metabolomics is ongoing, but so far, science has emphasized the importance of supporting and maintaining our NAD+ levels. It was found that long-term evaluation of oral NMN supplementation in mice can effectively improve the safety of NAD+ levels. NMN-supplemented mice vs. the control group showed significant age-related differences in quality, energy, blood sugar, lipids, gene expression changes, mitochondrial oxygen use, eye function, bone density, and immune function, with no obvious toxic effects . These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent diseases.if need NMN powder, welcome to contact us!

Tags: NMN powder

Boric Acid Flakes

Product Description

Boric Acid Magic Flake Fishscale (chemical reagent) can be used in any space for effective pest control. This product helps keep the house clean from pests and insects. The most effective form and the most frequently boric acid flakes used form is the dissolving of Boric Acid Flake in water with sugar – this ready mixture allows you to quickly attract pests to the desired place. Don’t spill liquid on the skin. During application, protect the eyes against ingress of the product into the eye. When using this product, be sure to keep adequate ventilation and to avoid handling which leads to dust formation.

Name: Boric Acid Flakes

CAS No: 11113-50-1 / 10043-35-3

Molecular Formula: H3BO3

Molecular Weight: 61.833

Appearance: white Powder or chunk or Flakes

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Properties

Orthoboric acid, for white powder crystallization or three inclined shaft side flake crystallization, have satiny gloss, no odor. Handle Soluble in water, alcohol, glycerin, ethers and oils, aqueous show weakly acidic.

Application

Widely used for the glass (optical glass, acid glass, heat-resistant glass, insulating material with fiberglass) industry, can improve glass products of heat, transparent performance and improve mechanical strength, shorten dissolve melting time.

Specification

NameOrthoboric acidSpecificationItemDataResults(H3 BO 3 )% Content≥ 99.8%99.9%Chloride(Cl)%≤ 0.15%≤ 0.05%Matters insoluble in water %≤ 0.06%≤ 0.01%Iron(Fe)% content≤ 0.005%≤ 0.02%Sulphate:≤ 0.30%≤ 0.1%Heavy metals (Pb)%≤ 0.001%≤ 0.0001%NH 3 % ≤≤ 0.7%≤ 0.3%

Behentrimonium Methosulfate (BTMS)

Product Description

BTMS 50/25

Product name: Behentrimonium Methosulfate (BTMS)

Cas number: 81646-13-1

Molecular formula: C26H57NO4S

Molecular weight: 479.8001

Type: btms 50 & btms25

Package: 25kg per kraft bag

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This product is white flakes, soluble in water and ethanol, has good compatibility with cationic and non-ionic surfactants, and is stable below 100 ℃. Good chemical stability, heat resistance, light resistance, pressure resistance, strong acid and alkali resistance. It has excellent thickening, emulsifying and softening properties. This product is used in hair care and shampoo products: conditioners, ointments, shampoos and other hair products softeners.

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ITEMSPECIFICATIONRESULTAppearanceWhite flakeWhite flakeActive matter, %5050.82PH5.0-8.06.1Free amine, %2.0max0.75

Application

1. Used in shampoo and hair care formulations, as a smoothness agent of hair conditioner, hairdressing gel, shampoo and other hair care products, a kind of anti-winding material.

2. Used in fabric softener, antistatic agent of synthetic fibers, wetting agent or as thickening agent of daily chemicals.

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UHMWPE pad-marine fender dock bumper pad

Introduction:

UHMWPE pad is light weight, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, UV resistance, aging resistance, small friction coefficient, non-toxic, pollution-free, not easy to adhere to foreign bodies, can absorb shock impact and noise, and is the best material to replace steel, copper, aluminum and other metal materials.It can effectively prevent the influence of ultraviolet radiation and hull impact on the hull and the anti-punching plate, rubber fender and wharf.

Detailed Information:

Advantages of Uhmwpe pad used in marine fenders: 1. The wear-resistant surface of Uhmwpe pad makes marine fenders wear-resistant hardened steel, which is 6 times the wear resistance of steel.2. Uhmwpe pad has no water absorption. Uhmwpe pad is used for marine fender pads that will not swell or deteriorate due to water penetration.3. Uhmwpe pad is resistant to chemical corrosion. Uhmwpe pad is used in marine fenders to resist the overflow of salt water, fuel and chemicals. Inert chemicals will not immerse chemicals in waterways and will not damage fragile ecosystems.4. Uhmwpe pad can operate under extreme weather conditions. Conditions below zero will not degrade performance. Uhmwpe pad marine fenders retain key physical properties up to -260 degrees Celsius.6. Uhmwpe pad is UV resistant. Thereby prolonging the abrasion life in the harbour exposure.7. Uhmwpe pad has good impact strength and will not lose its impact strength over time.8. Uhmwpe pads have good elongation at break, so they will bend but will not break under extreme loads.Click for more information!

Specification:

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HDPE Mats

Introduction:

What are HDPE mats? HDPE mats are ideal for constructing temporary roads, paths or platforms. HDPE mats make work easier by stabilizing soft or unstable ground, while the diamond pattern provides additional traction for vehicles and workers. Ultimately, they can save you time and money.Why choose HDPE mats?1. Using HDPE mats instead of plywood can protect trees and reduce pollution caused by logging, milling and transportation.2. HDPE mats can also save paper, just like saving money. By changing from plywood to plastic pads, the staff will save time and money.3. HDPE mats are reusable, waterproof, durable, and have the functions of anti-mildew, anti-mildew and anti-corrosion.4. HDPE mats are easy to transport, easy to set up and easy to clean. In addition, the expected service life is more than 7 years, and the cost savings will increase rapidly. This means improving the bottom line, raising bids, and increasing job opportunities.

Detailed Information:

Specification of HDPE Ground Mats with popular sizes:1220×2440mm(4’×8’)910×2400mm(3’ ×8’)610×2400mm(2’ ×8’)910×1830mm(3’ ×6’)610×1830mm(2’ ×6’)610×1200mm(2’ ×4’)Other customized specification is also available .  Kinds of anti slip pattern for your choice including suitable for vehicle , pedestrian , wheeled vehicle and crawler , etc .

Specification:

Link together with metal connectors .HDPE mats have connect holes at each mat corner and it is easy to install and move .

Product Benefits:

HDPE mats provide a much better return on investment than traditional plywood .They are more economical , support much more weight , will not warp , rot , crack , delaminate , or absorb water and contaminants .

Application:

Applications:Protect your turf and provide access nearly anywhere Temporary flooring Portable access roadways Protective matting systems Stadium ground covering Contractors Outdoor Events/shows/festivals Building site access works Construction, civil engineering and ground work industries Emergency access routes Golf course and sports field maintenance Sports and leisure facilities National Parks Landscaping Utilities and infrastructure maintenance Boat regattas Cemeteries Temporary roadways and carparks Military sites Caravan parks Heritage sites and eco friendly areasFor more HDPE Mats applications, please click!

UHMWPE liners

UHMWPE liners have a very low coefficient of friction and zero water absorption, and are widely used to eliminate agglomeration, bridging and suspension of various bulk materials in steel and cement production, mining and power generation applications. In new applications, the use of UHMWPE liners can make the angle of the chute and the desired angle shallower, thereby providing greater design freedom. In existing installations, simulating steeper angles through low friction coefficients is usually a solution to plants. Ways to block the problem.Why are UHMWPE liners so popular?

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UHMWPE wear strips

Introduction:

UHMWPE wear strips are often used in high-wear applications, from wear strips under conveyors to guide rails in bottling plants, or scrapers in road rollers. UHMWPE wear strips are used to line bulk storage hoppers, and their low friction, anti-sticking and wear resistance properties solve the problems of feeding and wear. It combines the excellent properties of all plastics, like shock resistance, abrasion resistance, anti-corrosion, self-lubricating, anti-static, absorb of shock power, etc. It is recognized as "amazing engineering plastics".Features and advantages of UHMWPE wear strips: 1. UHMWPE wear strips are divided into various types according to their shape and size. Choose the appropriate ultra-high wear-resistant belt according to the purpose you want to solve. They will help you reduce your workload to a great extent.2、UHMWPE wear strips are very strong and durable. Their back is rough, which helps to improve stability. However, they have a smooth front surface to ensure that they can work properly on them.3. UHMWPE wear strips have different textures, you can choose according to your preferences. Those with designs and printed patterns can also be used as exquisite home decorations. Modify your house or workplace with UHMWPE wear strips.4. UHMWPE wear strip is used for sliding applications where metal-to-metal contact causes friction or wear. They can be planed, drilled, slotted or chamfered, and extruded in various contours to suit individual applications.

Detailed Information:

Service: any design can be made as requestColor: black/white/yellow/blue/red/orange or as requestKey features:These UHMWPE wear strips offer low friction wear surface for chains and ensure smooth & noiseless conveying. UHMWPE material to ensure minimum friction and maximum wear resistance.

Product Benefits:

Features1. Low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, high impact resistant.2.Excellent chemical stability. It can improve the corrosion resistance and anti-static performance by adjusting the formula.3.The temperature range: -150℃ to 85℃4.Low water absorption.5.Coefficient of thermal expansion: The environment temperature ≥100C,Thermal deformation size 2-3%.

Application:

Application: coal, cement, lumber, paper, steel, grain, canning. mining and manufacturing. in the industry for guiding belts, chain and cables designed to fit most bulk material handling chains

Temporary Road Mats

Introduction:

Abosn Dura Mat provides a series of market-leading heavy-duty composite ground protection mats for temporary road mats, tracks and work platforms, which can provide a safer working environment.Why choose Temporary road mats? 1、Temporary road mats is made of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene, which is wear-resistant and strong.2、Temporary road mats include multiple construction methods to suit every building, infrastructure, utility or activity project. Dura Mat temporary road mats have an optimized anti-skid traction mode, molded on the top surface, allowing people, vehicles and tracked equipment to work safely in any environment or terrain.3、Temporary road mats is easy to unload from a truck or pallet, and two workers can easily move and deploy on site. This makes it ideal for short-term and long-term projects.4、Temporary road mats has a unique surface, including track patterns, even in the most challenging weather or ground conditions, it can significantly improve the grip and forward movement of vehicles and factories, and reduce lateral slip.Temporary road mats is chemically inert, avoids possible leaching of contaminants, and is non-conductive, so it is very suitable for transmission projects.The load-bearing capacity of temporary road mats is up to 600 psi*.If you want to know more, click here!

Detailed Information:

Key applications:Events and FestivalsImproved access and ground protection for film sets on location, aircraft taxiways, multi-sport events and car showsStadiums and FieldsProvide safe pedestrian and vehicle access while protecting lawns, stadium turf and other sensitive ground typesConstruction AccessImprove access to sites in all weather conditions, prevent vehicle bogging and reduce soil spills on sealed roads. Provide plant and machinery access through eco-sensitive areas.

Specification:

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Product Benefits:

Don’t allow inclement weather to prohibit access to your construction site or event losing you time and money. Our temporary access road mats, swamp mats and interlocking mats, all weather access across any terrain. From temporary roadways for crew and light equipment access to heavy equipment access and large work pads, we have you covered. Our lightweight mats allow for reduced freight cost and are ideal for remote locations.Our temporary roadways:Protects all surfacesHeavy equipment roadwaysTemporary access roadwaysQuick deploymentEnvironmentally friendlyEasy-cleaningEconomical

Application:

-Utility maintenance-Emergency access-Event flooring and paths-Pedestrian walkways-Caravan parks-Platforms for equipment-Agricultural roads-Civil engineering works-Construction sites-Golf courses

How Can I Distinguish Between Different Types Of Denim (Denim Fabrics)?

Between Different Types Of Denim Fabrics

Denim is a garment that can be worn all year round. How to distinguish between different types of denim (denim): Firstly, according to the thickness of denim, it is divided into 4.5 amps, 6 amps, 8 amps, 10 amps, 11 amps, 12 amps, 13.5 amps, 14.5 amps, etc. 4.5 amps are fragile and are commonly used in summer for women's vests, sleeveless garments, etc. 14.5 amps are already very thick. In winter, men's cotton jackets can be lined with cotton.Most of the jeans we often wear start at 8-12 A.

In terms of the type of denim fabric, it can be divided into plain, twill, herringbone, interwoven, bamboo, dark, flocked, etc.

In terms of composition, denim is available in 100 percent cotton, stretch (Lycra), cotton and linen blends, and tencel.

At present, the famous denim varieties at home and abroad are mainly Yuan Bao silk denim, warp, and weft bamboo denim, super indigo-dyed denim, jacket color, what color denim, warp, and weft stretch denim, etc.

1. Ring spun yarn denim

With the development and application of new technology equipment such as ring spinning, high speed, large rolls, good contact, knotless yarn, etc., the short length of thick spinning, low production efficiency, knots, and other shortcomings are solved.

The situation of denim yarns being replaced by air-flow yarns is rapidly changing, and ring spinning yarns are making a comeback.

The ring yarn denim has some superior properties to those of air-flow yarns, such as feel, suspension, tear strength, etc., and because of the psychological influence of people returning to nature and pursuing originality in the development of denim styles. This is in line with today's need for individuality in denim.

In addition, the ring spindle can be used to weave short, dense bamboo knots, which is a popular feature of denim.

2. Bamboo denim

The design of bamboo yarns with different yarn grades, different thicknesses (about the baseline), lengths and distances of bamboo joints, in the single warp direction, single weft direction, warp, and weft bi-directional configuration, and with the appropriate design of ordinary yarns of the same or different grades, allows for the production of a wide variety of bamboo denim. Which, after washing and processing, results in a variety of blurred, well-defined stripes.

In the early days, most of the bamboo denim was made from ring-spun bamboo yarn, which was spun in short lengths, with a slight pitch and relatively high density to create a dense decorative effect on the fabric, mainly leading to the bamboo knots.

In line with the evolving consumer demand, warp and weft bi-directional denim are now famous, especially bi-directional denim products with weft elasticity, which are very popular in domestic and international markets.

You can make some grades with a single rate of ring spindle thread and a suitable proportion of bamboo thread in the weft direction, provided that the tissue structure is well designed.

3. Weft stretch denim

The use of polyurethane elastomeric yarns has led to a new dimension in the development of denim varieties, making denim garments comfortable to wear. With the help of bamboo knots and colors, denim products can be adapted to fashionable and personalized consumer needs, with great potential for development.

At present, elastic denim is mostly weft stretchy, with an elongation of 20-40%. The amount of extension depends on the fabric design. The tighter the weft, the less flexible it is, and the faster the weft to a certain point.

In addition, the problem of weft shrinkage in the finished stretch denim fabric is currently too significant, generally above 10 %, with some cases reaching 20 % or more.

The solution is not to increase the product's elasticity in the product's design, which is generally 20-30% but to maintain a certain tension in the warp and weft against the tissue and increase the pressure in the pre-finishing width of the fabric shrinks considerably. The finished fabric has a low residual shrinkage in the weft.

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4. Specialty fiber

Super indigo-dyed or unique dark indigo-dyed denim produces garments that are sharpened to give a special effect of rich, bright colors that are very popular with consumers.

Super indigo-dyed denim is characterized by a particularly deep dyeing and excellent colorfastness.

The former means that the amount of indigo dye dyed per unit weight of yarn (in general, % of the dry weight of the thread, referred to as % dyeing depth) is exceptionally high. e.g., typical denim fabric is dyed 1% to 3% deeper by indigo dyeing of the yarn, while super-indigo dyeing depth is more than 4%.

The latter means that super-indigo dyed denim needs to be washed repeatedly for more than 3 hours. However, the color still reaches or exceeds the color depth of everyday dyed denim when it is not passed, and its color is much brighter than relaxed dyed denim.

For blue-dyed denim, the fastness of polishing depends essentially on the degree of transmission of the dye through the threads, not on the fastness to the polishing of the paint itself (blue wet polish fastness is only graded 1), i.e., the better the transmission, the better the fastness to polishing.

In the past, the so-called indigo-dyed fast-wash technique was, in fact, a deliberate attempt to make the indigo dye lighter to the core of the fiber during the yarn dyeing process. The method requires a remarkable degree of core penetration of the paint, resulting in a deep, bright color after the denim polishing process.

The dyeing depth of super-indigo dyed denim products is increased by more than 60 % compared to conventional denim dyeing. The concentration of indigo in the dye solution is doubled to 3-4 g/L, making it possible to obtain deep colors.

This increases the viscosity of the dyeing solution, resulting in poor flow, which affects the ability of the dye to penetrate the cryptic chromophores and reduces the polish fastness of the denim, which does not meet the final depth required for garment production.

As a result, some companies design to increase the dye depth again, increasing the concentration of indigo in the dye solution again, which deteriorates the penetration performance and creates a vicious circle of back and forth, not meeting the requirements of super indigo color.

The higher the concentration of indigo in the dye, the heavier the color's redness, the darker the color, and the lack of super-indigo effect.

For this reason, many manufacturers are now ready to modify their dyeing equipment to solve this problem by increasing the number of dyeing passes.

For example, increasing the number of dyeing passes to 8, or even 10, not only increases the investment costs, the consumption of dyeing materials, the operational difficulties, and the environmental pollution.

An excellent way to solve this contradiction is to reduce the amount of insurance powder and alkali. Especially the control of the amount of alkali so that the pH value of the dyeing solution is stable between 11 and 12, the dyeing rate is the highest, the color is durable, and the dyeing tension of the gauze is reduced appropriately to obtain an excellent super blue diamond dyeing effect.

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5. Colour matching denim

Various denim varieties are now prevalent to increase the color and light variations of the indigo denim variety.

For example, indigo over-dyed sulfur black, indigo over-dyed sulfur grass green, sulfur black green, sulfur blue, etc., to meet the personalized needs of the market.

At the same time, denim mills have patented new varieties of denim to increase their competitiveness in the market.

In this regard, we should pay attention to controlling the concentration of the masterbatch as much as possible to prevent excessive spillage of contaminated liquor, which wastes pollutants and expands the pollution of the environment.

6. Color denim

There are mainly bromine indigo (commonly known in the market as emerald blue) denim and sulfur black denim, as well as coffee, emerald green, grey, khaki, sulfur blue denim using a combination of sulfur dyes, and a small amount of red, peach, toffee denim dyed with appropriate dyes and reactive dyes, etc. The production volume is small, but the market demand is urgent.

The main problem is that the color light is unstable, the dyeing is poorly valued, and the garment factories are not satisfied. This is related to the small production batch and the large variety of colors. Still, the dyeing and slurry combination machine has difficulties producing any color variety, consumes a lot, costs a lot, and has problems in sewage treatment.

One solution is to design the machine to minimize the number of color combinations using as few as possible two color combinations and no more than three. Or to use other stable dyestuffs instead to adapt to the dyeing line's production characteristics and obtain a long-lasting dyeing result. Or to solve the problem once and for all by using The color weaving plant is ideal for the production of mixed-color denim using a high-capacity yarn dyeing and warping process.

Talk about how to sew denim on a car.

This is the key to designing a denim garment.

Turning threads: mostly 2-minute single-sided, 2-minute single-sided, 2-minute double-sided, generally earthy yellow (and other clashing threads), but also color-coordinated threads; note the color-coordinated threads after washing.

Special technical threads, such as the word thread.

Thicker hand embroidery threads.

Materials:

denim, I-buttons, four-way buttons, studs, cockles, picks, metal zips, etc.

Markings:

these include central markings, size markings, wash markings, markings, side markings, etc.

Denim is the problem of denim shrinkage. The denim factory master is the busiest; ordinary denim also has 2-3% horizontal shrinkage, elastic denim shrinkage reaches more than 10%. Each roll of denim is different, so the denim master's version will never end.

Generally speaking, there is a lot of casual denim, mainly cut on a flat surface, and sizing is significant.

Stretch denim (including Lycra) is tricky; it's mainly used for women's slim-fitting jackets, flattering low-waisted jeans. With the shrinkage of 10% or more, the shape is constantly being adjusted. And the most crucial thing about jeans is that they don't wrinkle at the front; they need to fit snugly. In the last two years, some of the biggest brands have released three-dimensional silhouettes, as we learned with the stand-up cut, with many wrinkles on the knees.

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7. The technique of embellishment in denim

The last two years have seen a departure from previous denim trends, not only in terms of variations in washes but also in the techniques used to embellish jeans.

Burr:

the leg of the jeans, the trousers trimmed with scissors, plus remarkable thread embroidery, including computerized embroidery designs.

Hot drill:

this is popular with the Russian market for applique embroidery, hand embroidery, bead embroidery, and technical designs.

Glue printing:

hard to the touch, wash easily, and peels off.

Laser:

burns off all the colors of the cloth to reveal the color of your fabric, and can also be used with wool, faux leather, corduroy, thick knit (fleece, sanitary), and other fabrics.

Many different designs can be made for denim.

Jeans, denim shirts, denim jackets, skirts, coats, etc., are places to express your creativity and talent.

What is the difference between denim and canvas?

Denim And Canvas

When you think of these two fabrics, you will think of Denim and canvas bags. We all come into contact with these two fabrics regularly, but do you understand the differences?

Firstly, in terms of material, the canvas is thick cotton or linen fabric

The name originally comes from the fact that its fabric is commonly used to make sails. Canvas is generally plain, with a small amount of twill, and uses multiple strands of warp and weft yarn. There are two main types of canvas available on the market: coarse and fine. Denim is a type of warp twill and is a colored fabric made up of a higher number of unique, i.e., thicker, cotton threads.

Secondly, from the fabric characteristics, canvas fabrics are generally cotton, made of thicker textiles, canvas bags have double-well double weft, single well double weft, double well single weft, and other textile methods.

The plain weave tissue is usually used. Denim has the characteristics of a cotton fabric that is moisture absorbent and breathable, and comfortable to wear. At the same time, because Denim is woven with thicker yarns, it is rougher and more wear-resistant. Denim can be washed, has no special requirements in washing, and has a longer service life, which most people have loved.

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Are Denim and canvas that good?

These two fabrics cannot be wholly said to be good and evil. Canvas is usually used to make canvas bags, canvas shoes, etc., while Denim is typically used to make jeans, denim jackets, denim skirts, etc. So, you can only know if it is suitable for you by using it.

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How To Choose Good Quality Denim Fabric (above) ?

Choose Good Quality Denim Fabrics

You need to understand how denim is made first.

Denim is the soul of jeans, and you want to know how to choose good quality jeans? Why do jeans lose their color? You need to understand how denim is made.

The Raw Material

The quality of the cotton determines the quality of your jeans. Cotton is the most common textile fiber and the essential raw material needed to make denim. The first requirement for making good quality jeans is good quality yarn, which depends on cotton quality.

Assuming that the denim is made from 100% cotton, the first step is to source the cotton.

In developed countries, cotton is harvested using a selector. In developing regions, such as Africa and South East Asia, harvesting is usually carried out by hand.

There is a wide variation in cotton quality from different origins, with different varieties having other characteristics such as fiber length, fineness, maturity, strength, color, and feel.

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Generally speaking, the cotton used in what is considered good quality denim is mainly from American, Egyptian, and Zimbabwean cotton and the Xinjiang cotton mentioned in our last two issues.

Regardless of where the DENIM FABRIC WHOLESALE cotton comes from, it must be picked, cleaned, and de-polluted carded and sorted for the next step.

Cotton is, of course, not the only factor that determines the quality of denim.

Spinning

Spinning also affects the style of the fabric and the way the color falls.

Spinning, the spinning of shorter cotton fibers into long yarns (which are twisted to form a continuous, infinitely stretching thread), makes it easier to weave into fabric.

Before the industrial revolution, spinning was done by hand.

Today, the standard spinning methods are ring spinning and airflow spinning. Generally speaking, ring-spun yarns have less hairiness, higher strength, and better quality. Airflow spinning has a shorter process, more raw material staple, hairier threads, cannot be very high in count and twist, and is less expensive.

Airflow spinning is quicker to produce, the yarn is more uniform, and cheaper jeans are often made with airflow spun yarn. Strings made from ring spinning are softer and uneven, have a more bamboo feel, and are less absorbent of indigo dye, so the color drop contrasts.

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If you want to make stretch denim, add elastane to the spinning process, which works best with ring spinning.

The elastic fibers will be spun directly into the core, while the cotton fibers will be wrapped around the elastic fibers. This maintains the soft touch and drops color properties of cotton while adding elasticity.

Indigo Dyeing

The spun yarn will eventually be woven into denim, but denim is a color woven fabric dyed before woven, so the thread is dyed first.

Traditional denim is only indigo dyed for the warp yarn, while the weft yarn is used in its color. Fabric color depends on the color of the warp yarn, so the front of the denim is blue and white on the reverse.

The three elements of indigo dyeing: indigo dye + caustic soda + safety powder. Under alkaline conditions (caustic soda), the indigo is reduced to a water-soluble crypto phone with an affinity for the fibers, which is then oxidized to an insoluble indigo color and fixed in the yarn to complete the indigo dyeing.

There are various ways of dyeing yarns, the most common being rope dyeing and piece dyeing.

Rope dyeing is currently the most common method of indigo dyeing used in the industry. The warp yarn cylinder is warped at the ball to form a varying number of bundles of yarn, which are dipped into the indigo dye bath like a rope, and immediately take on a yellow-green color when the thread is removed from the tub. The yarns change to blue in the air through redox, and after the dyeing is complete, the whole process is finished by re-winding and sizing.

A certain number of warp beams are introduced into each dye bath, and after repeated dipping, rolling, and oxidation, various dyestuffs such as indigo and sulfur black are dyed. After pre-drying and sizing, the warp yarns are uniformly colored and ready for direct use in weaving.

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Rope dyeing is more suitable for creating dark indigo shades due to the relatively longer oxidation time in contact with air. In piece dyeing, the yarns are dyed and sized in pieces after the warp beam has been warped, which is a relatively small and short process, making it more suitable for small batches and frequent varieties, as well as for high count yarns.

Rope dyeing has its advantages and disadvantages compared to other dyeing processes, such as piece dyeing, and it depends mainly on the adaptability of the fabric and the style requirements.

However, for the original cattle enthusiast, due to the dyeing characteristics of rope dyeing, the indigo dye cannot fully penetrate the yarn's core, so it is more likely to produce a high contrast color drop effect.

More about Denim Fabric

Please look forward to the following...

How To Choose Good Quality Denim Fabric (below) ?

Choose Good Quality Denim Fabrics

In the last article, we analyzed how to make denim from The Raw Material, Spinning, and Indigo Dyeing, and in this article, we continue to explain.

Weaving

Indigo-dyed warp yarns (vertically) will be interwoven with white weft yarns (horizontally) through a specific tissue structure to create a denim fabric.

For the warp and weft yarns to be interwoven on the weaving machine to form the fabric, the entire warp yarn must be divided into two uppers. Lower layers according to the pattern required by the fabric organization, creating a space for the weft guide (shuttle, slice shuttle, rapier, air or water jet, etc.) to pass through - the bobbin opening - to introduce the weft yarn for interweaving with the warp yarn.

A shuttle means that a narrow shuttle loom (old-fashioned loom) is used, while a slice shuttle, rapier, air-jet, or water jet, a shuttleless loom (modern loom) is used. The shuttle and shuttleless looms difference is that the shuttle loom produces a much narrower width of denim with a woven edge, commonly referred to as a red edge/bare ear, so this slim width denim is also collectively known red edge fabric.

The so-called shuttle loom is equipped with a shuttle and uses the shuttle to drive the weft yarn in a constant horizontal reciprocating motion, creating a woven edge on both edges of the fabric.

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However, as the color of this fabric edge is determined by the color of the input selvage, there will also be black ears, gold ears, silver ears, blue ears, purple ears, etc.

It is important to stress that there is no essential difference between red selvage fabric and other denim in terms of the craftsmanship and quality of the product. Whether it is red ears or any different ears, it does not mean that its quality is better. It is generally more expensive because the fabric is a product of low productivity, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the high cost leads to higher prices.

The fact that there was no woven edge was irrelevant to most consumers, so the slow and inefficient narrow-width shuttle loom was gradually phased out of mass commercial production from the 1940s onwards.

Of course, in the eyes of the original cattle enthusiast, it was not so much the quality as a vintage sentiment that made Barefoot the first brand to use the red hem. It was it that created this iconic denim feature that drew so many imitations from replica brands.

After the whole

Denim can be cut and sewn directly into jeans once woven, known as raw denim, dry denim, or unwashed denim, or what we call raw cow. You can think of this type of denim as denim in its natural state, untreated blank denim.

However, this untreated denim will have a variable degree of shrinkage after the first wash. This is why most denim brands, whether raw cattle brands or other mass-produced denim brands, choose sanforised denim, i.e., denim that has been pre-shrunk. (In fact, there are very few denim fabrics on the market that are entirely untreated.)

Denim is spun, dyed, and woven so that the yarn is under continuous tension, stretching its length and width. If the fibers do not shrink to their original size before the denim is made into jeans, they shrink once the fibers relax and return to their average length, i.e., they are washed.

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Sanforization refers to the pre-shrinking of the fabric by water, steam, heat, and pressure to facilitate the design of the subsequent cut. The shrinkage of jeans made from pre-shrunk denim has been reduced from 5-10% to a maximum of 1-3%, which is already minimal. With or without a wash treatment, the shrinkage of the jeans is no longer significant, making it easier to choose a size.

Many people ask whether sanforized and one-wash are considered raw cattle or not, but this is a bit difficult to define. Anyway, whether or not they have been pre-shrunk or official stripped doesn't have much of an effect on the cattle being raised.

Without any treatment, denim can look shaggy due to the excess hairiness of the cotton fibers. There is no dimensional stability to speak of, so usually, apart from raw cattle, denim is finished, which can effectively improve the style and feel of the denim.

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There are two types of finishing: functional finishing, which is used to correct or prevent dimensional stability problems, and creative finishing, which improves the look and feel of the fabric.

While avid raw cattle enthusiasts want to keep their jeans in their most original and pristine condition, most consumers look for a soft, comfortable fit and a personalized look created by washing.

After finishing the denim fabric, it can remove the hairiness and impurities on the fabric surface, making the fabric surface smooth and bright. Eliminate the potential shrinkage of the internal fabric stress, control the finished warp and weft shrinkage rate and eliminate the possible weft distortion internal stress so that the product can obtain a stable shape in advance. Change the fabric feel and sewing performance. Which is the last part of denim fabric production; output finished fabric for garment processing.

Plain indigo jeans are no longer able to meet the demands of a market that is constantly asking for new colors and a softer touch, which is why denim manufacturers are continually exploring new technologies to enhance the feel, style, and visual impact of their fabrics.

To read the previous article you can click here!

That's all there is to know about denim fabric production.

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About The Evolution Of Autumn/winter Denim Fabrics

This article is about denim fabrics for autumn and winter, you can click on the blue font below to jump directly to the section of interest, so let's get started!

Types of denim

The development of the washing process

How to wash denim fabric?

Types of denim

I. Denim fabric of ring spinning yarn

With the development and application of new technology equipment such as ring spinning, high speed, large rolls, fine winding, and knotless yarn, we have solved the short spinning length of coarse wool, low production efficiency, many knots, and other shortcomings. The situation of airflow yarns replacing denim yarns is rapidly changing, and ring yarns are making a comeback.

Because ring yarn denim is better than airflow yarn, some properties, such as hand feel, durability, tear strength, etc., but also due to the psychological return to nature, the pursuit of the original development of the impact of the denim style, more importantly, the reason is that ring yarn denim after grinding and washing process, the surface will show a hazy bamboo knot style, is in line with today's demand for personalized denim. In addition, the current market is trendy bamboo yarn denim, and ring spindle bamboo can be spun out of a shorter and denser bamboo, but also to promote the development of the momentum of the ring spindle denim.

II. Denim fabrics with drinking knots

When the design with different yarn number different bamboo knot thickness (and base yarn ratio), bamboo knot length and pitch of the bamboo yarn, using a single warp or single weft and warp and weft two-way are equipped with bamboo knot yarn, with the same number or different number of regular thread for appropriate ratio and arrangement, can produce a variety of bamboo denim, by garment washing process can form a variety of different hazy or clearer lattice style denim, by the consumer Personalised demand groups welcome

III. Denim fabric of weft stretch denim

The use of spandex stretch silk, so that the denim varieties developed to a new field, can make the denim both fit and comfortable, and then with bamboo or different colors, so that denim product more adaptable to fashion, personalized consumer demand, and therefore has great potential for development. At present, most of the stretch denim is weft stretch, elastic elongation is generally in 20%-40%, the size of the flexible extension depends on the tissue design of the fabric, in the cloth machine, the warp and weft tissue tightness are smaller, the greater the elasticity, conversely, in the warp yarn tissue tightness fixed conditions, the greater the tightness of the weft stretch yarn, the smaller the elasticity, the weft tightness to a certain extent, and even the loss of elasticity.

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The development of the washing process

The reason why denim garments have endured through the centuries is not variations in their design and production processes but the ever-changing, new, and different finishing processes. Often the same batch of denim garments are produced in the same order, and different washing methods make different looks and different responses to the market at different times. In other words, the most crucial aspect in determining the style of denim garments is not in the design and production departments but the finishing and washing department.

I. Normal washing

The world's first jeans were made from canvas in 1853 and later from raw denim, but they were not washed in any way, and the manufacturers of raw denim had no concept of washing. It was later discovered that buyers often soaked their newly purchased jeans in water for some time so that the skinny trousers would fit better.

II. Stone washing

In 1977, Stone Wash technology was developed in the USA for the production of Apple (Texwood 'Stonewash Blue' jeans, which made the original rough and stiff trousers soft and comfortable, while also showing spots of white on the trousers, creating a natural antique effect that was very popular with consumers. The original stonewash can be divided into two main categories, namely the stonewashed method with a good wash effect and the stonewashed method with a rougher wash effect, with wash marks and patterns. Later the two were fused to produce a coarse impact with a pleasing, fine effect.

III. Snowflake wash

In 1987, the Apple jeans manufacturer developed the AcidWash technique, which uses a dry or wet wash of stones and liquids to produce a unique blue and white effect.

IV. Ice Wash

The initial wash was very uneven, with solid blue-white contrast and a tendency for the fabric of the trousers to break down. This wash was later banned in the 1990s, mainly because the colorants used in the wash could damage human skin.

V. Nostalgic wash

In 1990, Levis adopted a popular European wash to dispose of its stock of second-hand products, giving the jeans a worn-in look as if they had been worn for a long time. The product was introduced to the market and became very popular with young people. The old wash/Znd-handwash technique was initially developed in Hong Kong but has spread to Europe, the US, and Japan, where it has become a mainstream wash. The effect of a nostalgic wash is that the jeans are washed old and damaged, making them evenly white throughout and loosening the yarn.

VI. Monkey wash

The MonkeyWash, invented in Japan in the same year, is also derived from the nostalgia wash. Whitening specific parts of the jeans characterize this wash, for example, the most typical hip, which resembles a monkey (Cantonese: monkey), hence the name Monkey Wash.

VII. Cat's Whiskers Wash

In 1992, the ScratchWash wash was created based on the "sanding" technique. The "whisker" pattern is a whitewash that imitates the crease effect of wearing a pair of jeans, using a finishing method such as sanding or brushing to create creases.

It is often found on the left and right sides of the front crotch and at the back of the leg of the jeans.

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How to wash denim fabric?

I. Sanding

Using a high-pressure gun, sand is sprayed onto the surface of the jeans to create a partially worn white effect on the trousers. In the early days of sanding, the operator held a sandblasting gun and sprayed sand onto the area of the trousers to be sanded. Due to the high level of sand pollution, sandblasting operators were required to wear hoods and protective clothing to enhance product safety. Where possible, sealed sandblasting booths were set up to prevent sand and dust from flying everywhere.

II. Machine brushing

The brushing and rubbing method uses brushes to rub over the entire trouser face over a wide area, suitable for larger areas such as the front leg area, the knee, and the rear hip area of the horse bay wash. This finishing method will generally start with trouser blowing equipment that blows the trousers up and fixes them, then brush and other grinding wheels directly on the surface of the fabric so that the finished surface achieves a localized grinding white effect, and then manually trim the trouser seam edges, pocket edges, the folds of the trouser legs and other tiny areas to achieve a particular product. The range of trouser grinding machines currently available on the market is complete, with electric motors and fixed automatic brushes, significantly improving the

This has dramatically improved the effectiveness and efficiency of the brushing of large areas of trousers.

III. Hand brushing

The most common methods are hand brushing, sandpaper rubbing, and knife scraping. Some manufacturers use a sweeping powder method to spot the white marks before scraping with a knife to create the cat whisker effect. This pre-designed pattern method of rubbing produces a rather dull effect, lacking variation, and is suitable for inexperienced technicians. It is now more popular to wrinkle the jeans before hand-rubbing them, for example, if the sizing is not wholly receded, to wrinkle the jeans or to wrinkle the trousers with resin pulp, then to rub the surface with sandpaper to create a raised wrinkle, or to scrape the folded edges with a razor blade before proceeding to the next step of the washing process. Hand-rubbed patterns are more natural and creative and more popular with the fashion crowd.

IV. Glazing

The famous "hand-rubbing" method of washing is a combination of resin and hand-rubbing. Generally, a part of the jeans will be wrinkled first after adding resin slurry to make it stiff, then use sandpaper or razor blades to grind the folded edges of the wrinkles, and then decontaminate the wash; the effect is natural and rich in casual feeling. Of course, some manufacturers put the trousers on a model board with a concave and convex "cat's whiskers" pattern and use a grinding wheel to polish the protruding parts directly to form the whiskers pattern.

V. Spraying

Spraying is both a coloring process. It is divided into complete dyeing by dipping and partial dyeing by spraying. Comprehensive dyeing is also known as garment dyeing. The denim garments washed with fading stones are dyed with other colors to pursue a bright and fashionable color trend. Spray partial color dyeing is currently one of the more popular post-treatment methods. Firstly, the trousers are blown up and hung in place, and then the liquid is sprayed onto the surface of a part of the trousers to give them the desired effect, such as pouring a horse.

There is also a method of coloring the jeans after they have been fat-filled and lightly colored, i.e., the trousers are flattened or bulged and then sprayed with a nostalgic coloring solution in the designated area so that the new trousers not only have a localized effect of wearing old and white but also have the effect of being stained. For example, they are coloring the back of the hips, etc., to imitate the effect of yellowing and greying from too much wear. It is also possible to cover the trousers with a wooden board with a cat's whisker-shaped perforations and spray the color solution to obtain a cat's whisker-washed micro chestnut.

VI. Laser engraving

The original method of creating a logo or design on jeans was to seal the cut-out design to the body of the jeans and then remove the design after washing, leaving a natural, unwashed outline on the jeans. Some designers engrave various designs directly onto the jeans. Nowadays, it is possible to easily remove the blue color from the surface of the yarn and engrave particular patterns on the fabric with a laser machine or to cut various ways with a wispy effect on the surface of the material, making the finished product even more sophisticated and creative.

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What are the materials and properties of Tencel fabrics?

In this article we look at Tencel Fabrics.

We analyse both the material and the characteristics of Tencel. You can click on the blue font below to jump to the place you are interested in!

What is Tencel Fabrics?

What is Tencel made of? 

What are the properties of Tencel?

Does Tencel brushed wool shed?

What is Tencel Fabrics?

We hear about Tencel fabrics in all seasons and all places. We need to know that Tencel is generally used in 40, 60, and 80 count fabrics in summer. It is not brushed at the end of the season and is used in four-piece suits and summer quilts. The Tencel used in autumn and winter is generally 32 counts, and the fabric is later brushed, which is a kind of fabric corresponding to cotton touched. The market demand for Tencel is not as high as for cotton brushes. People like this fabric like it a lot, and people who hate it hate it a lot, and the evaluation is rather bifurcated.

First of all we need to determine what is Tencel?

The first primary type of fiber is the pure natural fiber that we humans first obtained from nature, cotton, linen, wool, and silk, plant, and animal fibers.

The second primary type of fiber is the chemical fibers that emerged with modern chemical science and technology, such as polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex, etc. These are fibers obtained by artificially cracking and polymerizing substances extracted from petroleum, referred to as chemical fibers.

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The third primary type of fiber, such as Tencel, is a type of fiber that falls between the two categories above. It is a fiber made from natural cellulosic materials and synthesized by artificial means. The raw material is genuine, the technology is fake, and no other chemicals are mixed in between, so it can be called a natural, manufactured recycled fiber. Because the raw material is born, it is biodegradable and renewable, just like the first major types of fibers. At the same time, it has certain advantages that the first and second significant types of fibers do not have, so it has gained an important place in the fiber family. Other fibers similar to TENCEL include modal, bamboo, and viscose fibers.

"Tencel" is the transliteration of the English word "Tencel," a registered trademark. Still, the actual academic term for this material is "lyocell" (also written as The exact academic term for this material is "lyocell" (also written as "Liesel"), which translates as "Liesel" in Chinese. The name "Tencel" is a trademark registered for this fiber by the British company Acocdis, which first produced it. In May 2004, the Austrian company Lenzing acquired Acocdis and its Tencel business, so Lenzing and Tencel's names are generally used together as "Lenzing Tencel." As Lenzing is the leading manufacturer of Tencel fabrics, the name "Lenzing Tencel" typically represents the benchmark for quality. Strictly speaking, Lyser fibers produced by other companies cannot be called TENCEL, but it is customary to mix them up. This is similar to the Coca-Cola trademark, which Coca-Cola initially owned. Still, in practice, similar products made by other beverage companies are also known by the name "Coke."

What is Tencel made of?

The answer is coniferous wood.

Coniferous wood pulp is dissolved in a spinning solution, and the fibers are formed by wet spinning or dry-wet spinning, then the virgin fibers are stretched, washed, oiled, and dried to produce cellulose fibers. Modal, similar to Tencel, is made from beechwood or shrubs and has a slightly different process to Tencel, with other characteristics.

What are the properties of Tencel?

Because it is taken from natural cellulose, green and biodegradable, moisture absorption and breathability than other chemical fibers, natural fibers are more excellent, cool to the touch, better thermal conductivity than other fibers, and silk is almost. So cool summer quilt, four-piece set often choose Tencel; material silky smooth, fabric drape is very good, suitable for consumers who like soft. It can be blended with cotton, linen, wool and silk, forming fabric with the characteristics of the various fibers that make up the fabric at the same time. In summer, it is common to see Tencel + cotton + linen fabrics, with the smoothness of Tencel, a little bit of linen texture, and the softness of cotton, forming a unique body.

Because of its excellent and smooth nature, Tencel plays a significant role in summer cooling products. It is common to see 40, 60, and 80 counts of Tencel summer quilts or Tencel four-piece suites. However, some people may ask why Tencel fabrics are also available in winter. The yarn count of Tencel fabrics in winter is generally a coarser 32 or 21 counts, and the fabrics are later brushed, so there is a big difference between Tencel products in winter and Tencel products in summer terms of yarn count and process. Tencel is the same as cotton brushed, but the difference is in the material. Because Tencel is excellent, it is soft and warm (the principle of softness and warmth is the same as cotton brushed) but not overly hot, making it suitable for southern winters or areas with heating.

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Does Tencel brushed wool shed?

The same as cotton brushed, Tencel brushed will also shed because the nature of brushing is to destroy the excellent structure of the yarn, leaving the fibers broken and protruding, missing the holding and twisting force. On their own, the fibers are not strong enough to resist external forces, but the dry and wet strength of Tencel fibers is greater than that of cotton fibers. So overall, Tencel brushed fabrics shed slightly less lint than brushed cotton fabrics of the same yarn count.

Features have benefits and drawbacks. Tencel has a silky smoothness and drapes well, and for some people who like it, this is very much recognized. However, for some consumers who prefer cotton products and only remember the characteristics of cotton products, they particularly hate the smoothness of Tencel and even equate Tencel with chemical fibers, so recognition and reputation are polarised. As always, what suits is best, and consumers find the right product according to their preferences.

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Chu-Teng is a professional manufacturer and supplier of Tencel fabrics.

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Do you know what the most common types of denim are?

The Five Most Common Types of Denim Fabric

There's no fashion that jeans can't do, and if there is, you're using the wrong denim!

The unique quality of jeans makes them extremely easy to distinguish, no matter how much they change, and this has a lot to do with the unique fabrics used in them. The fabrics used to make denim are collectively known in the industry as denim.

Traditionally denim is a thicker and thicker color woven warp twill cotton fabric with a dark warp yarn, usually indigo, and lighter weft yarn, usually light grey or boiled white yarn, also known as indigo labor fabric.

With jeans being injected with fashion connotations, the requirements for denim are no longer simply about tough texture and wear resistance but also about the comfort, skin-friendliness, and shape retention of denim.

Cotton denim

Cotton denim is the most traditional fabric for jeans. It is comfortable to wear, easy to dye, has a wide variety of patterns, is soft and warm, and absorbs moisture. However, cotton clothing is easy to wrinkle, easy to shrink, poor conformability, poor elasticity. While clothing is not easy to discharge after absorbing sweat, a long time wearing will feel heavy.

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Cotton and linen-blend denim

Cotton and linen-blend denim are made by adding ramie and linen to regular denim. This fabric is ideal for denim shirts or trousers in summer as it is cooler and stiffer than soft cotton.

Cotton-polyester composite denim

The addition of polyester to denim gives better shape retention and a brighter surface. In the early days of polyester-cotton laminates, the surface of jeans was known as a "snowflake" due to uneven fading and the appearance of white spots. The snowflake style has now become one of the classic elements of the vintage style. Cotton denim on the market today is more or less mixed with a small amount of polyester, which gives the jeans better shape retention.

Cotton/viscose blend denim

Viscose fibers, also known as regenerated cellulose fibers, are made from natural ingredients such as wood, bamboo, and silk and are soft and skin-friendly. The high-end brands on the market that use Tencel, Bamboo, Arthur, and Modal fall into this category.

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Spandex stretch denim

As fashion continues, the traditional straight-legged trousers no longer satisfy the appetite of the trendsetters, and stretch denim is born. This denim with a small amount of spandex has an excellent elasticity. It is perfectly tailored to fit perfectly without restricting freedom of movement, making it the perfect choice to show off your body.

The modern trend of fashion is always rising and falling, and the advantages of several fabrics are combined in denim. The role of different materials in jeans is more in terms of breathability, skin-friendly effect, and elasticity. In contrast, the appearance of jeans is more in the spinning, weaving, and washing process.

Chu-Teng is a professional manufacturer and supplier of Denim fabrics.

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