katanakristinej
katana.kj
For Educational Purposes Only.
5 posts
Don't wanna be here? Send us removal request.
Last Seen Blogs
bearsgonnabear
Nothing but Tom Foolery here
xmcu-fietro
xmcu - fietro
starstrucktheoristpanda
vox19
robingiebes
robingiebes
vorioxfirst
Health And Fitness
Text
Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information
A citation identifies for the reader the original source for an idea, information, or image that is referred to in a work. In the body of a paper, the in-text citation acknowledges the source of information used. At the end of a paper, the citations are compiled on a References or Works Cited list.
What Are Citation Styles?
A citation is a way to give credit to the authors whose creative and intellectual work you used to support or supplement your own research.
It is also used to more easily locate particular sources as well as help avoid plagiarism.
A citation includes the author’s name, date of publication, the publication company, journal title, and a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
A citation style dictates what information is necessary to include in a citation, how that information should be organized, what punctuations are used, and other formatting concerns.
APA (American Psychological Association) is used in education, psychology, and the social sciences.
MLA (Modern Language Association) is normally used in the humanities.
Chicago/Turabian style is often used in business, history, and fine arts.
The purposes of Siting sources are;
Give credit to the original author of the work.
Promote scholarly writing- exhaustively use related ad existing ideas, information, arguments, etc.
Help the target audience identify our original sources.
There are 3 forms of citation namely; Intext citation example of these is, The current study is deeply rooted on the model of college readiness postulated by Conley & French (2014). Parenthetical Citation example, In a more challenging situation, uncertainties occur because undergraduate students enter their first year of college at different level of preparedness (DeAngelo & Franke, 2016). and Reference Citation example, Cuy, N.A. & Salinas, E.M. (2019). Aspiration and Readiness of Filipino Senior High School Students
In Pursuing College Degree. Open Journal Of Social Sciences. 7, 143-152.
Https://Doi.Org/10.4236/Jss.2019.75012.
2 notes
·
View notes
Text
Unit 4: What is paraphrasing and Techniques in paraphrasing, Paraphrasing vs. Quoting
Paraphrasing is one way to use a text in your own writing without directly quoting source material. Anytime you are taking information from a source that is not your own, you need to specify where you got that information.
Characteristics of a Good Paraphrase
relays the information from the source text in your own words
leads the readers to the source of the information
When to paraphrase?
Paraphrase when dealing with short texts with one or two sentences or a paragraph with five sentences.
when you want to minimize direct quotation
when you want to rewrite the author’s words without changing the meaning of the source text using your own words
How to paraphrase?
Change of Part of Speech
Change of Structure
Clause Reduction
Synonym Replacement
Here are the techniques in paraphrasing. First, read the text/paragraph and ensure that we understand it. Second, write down our ideas without looking at the original. Then, use synonyms or change the word order of the sentence. lastly, compare with the original to see whether we are conveying the same meaning.
Quoting involves taking what the author said and repeating it word-for-word. This method is usually used for phrases or short sentences. Quotation marks (“”)
In general, use direct quotations only if we have a good reason. Most of our paper should be in our own words. Also, it’s often conventional to quote more extensively from sources when we’re writing a humanities paper, and to summarize from sources when we’re writing in the social or natural sciences–but there are always exceptions.
In a literary analysis paper, for example, you'll want to quote from the literary text rather than summarize, because part of your task in this kind of paper is to analyze the specific words and phrases an author uses.
In research papers, you should quote from a source
to show that an authority supports your point
to present a position or argument to critique or comment on
to include especially moving or historically significant language
to present a particularly well-stated passage whose meaning would be lost or changed if paraphrased or summarized
You should summarize or paraphrase when
what you want from the source is the idea expressed, and not the specific language used to express it
you can express in fewer words what the key point of a source is
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into our own words.
0 notes
Text
Unit 3: What is a Summary and Techniques in Summarizing a Text
A summary is a brief statement or restatement of main points, especially as a conclusion to a work: a summary of a chapter. A brief is a detailed outline, by heads and subheads, of a discourse (usually legal) to be completed: a brief for an argument.
Typically, a summary has two goals:
1. to reproduce the key ideas and points of
a text, and
2. to express these concepts and ideas with
precise and specific language.
When preparing a summary we must be ready to choose which parts of the text to include and which parts to exclude in your summary, When reading a text, there are two techniques you can use in order to prepare. These
summarizing techniques
are previewing and skimming and scanning. Previewing is a strategy that readers use to recall prior knowledge and set a purpose for reading. It calls for readers to skim a text before reading, looking for various features and information that will help as they return to read it in detail later. Skimming is a strategic, selective reading method in which you focus on the main ideas of a text. Instead of closely reading every word, focus on the introduction, chapter summaries, first and last sentences of paragraphs, bold words, and text features.
We must remember when selecting which part to include in your summary, take not of:
1. Your purpose for summarizing the text, and
2. Your own view on what is essential in the text.
Tips: When reading an academic text, carefully read its abstract and discussion, and examine its graphs, if any.
0 notes
Text
Unit 2: Thesis Statement and Outlining
A thesis statement clearly identifies the topic being discussed, includes the points discussed in the paper, and is written for a specific audience. A thesis statement belongs at the end of your first paragraph, also known as the introduction.
Thesis Statements always take a stand and justify further discussion. In order to make our writing interesting, we should develop a thesis statement that is arguable. Sometimes we will be writing to persuade others to see things in our way and other times we will simply be giving our strong opinion and laying out our case for it.
I’ve learned about the characteristics of a thesis statement and these are;
● It shows your stand on an issue.
● It answers a question.
● It makes a claim that can be disputed.
● It is a single sentence at the start of your
paper that presents your argument to the
readers.
And also the keywords that signal a need for a thesis statement;
● analyze
● interpret
● compare and contrast
● show causes and effects
● choose a side or stand on an issue
When writing a thesis statement we must look for information and evidence and
organize them based on the points they make, Look for possible relationships between pieces of information, and analyze and find the significance of these
relationships.
To outline a Thesis Statement we must first place our thesis statement at the beginning. Next, list the major points that support our thesis. Label them in Roman Numerals (I, II, III, etc.). Then, list supporting ideas or arguments for each major point. Finally, if applicable we must continue to sub-divide each supporting idea until our outline is fully developed.
0 notes
Text
Unit 1: The Nature and Structure of Academic Texts, Reading a Text Critically.
An important feature of academic texts is that they are organized in a specific way; they have a clear structure. This structure makes it easier for us readers to navigate the text and understand the material better. It also makes it easier for us to organize the material. The structure of an academic text should be clear throughout the text and within each section, paragraph and even sentence.
Ms. Reschell, our English for Academic and Professional Purposes subject teacher taught us about Non- Academic Text and Academic Text.
Non-academic text may be considered personal, emotional, impressionistic, or subjective in nature. Non-academic text is any other mode of writing that is not directly intended for an academic or scholarly audience. Non-academic text can be more informal in tone, and may even rely more heavily on emotional appeal or the opinions of the author. The purposes of Academic text is to entertain its audience or to persuade the readers, and non-academic text is written for a lay audience, to appeal to people who are not experts in the field in question. Here are some example of Non- Academic Text; Personal opinions, personal journal entries, reader response writing, memoirs, any kind of autobiographical writing, and letters, e-mails, and text messages, Letters to editors, Magazines, Fiction or non-fiction, writing for newspapers, and Digital media. these are the characteristics of non-academic text;
Can be written by anyone
Written for the mass public
Publish quickly
The language used is informal, casual and may contain slang.
Author may not be provided
Can be found in periodicals similar time.
Academic Text is a type of text include essays, themes, research studies, and similar structured pieces. Academic text includes and introduction, an overview of the topics discussed within the writing piece, and a conclusion which wraps up any final thoughts. The purposes of academic text is usually to inform the reader, providing non-biased facts and backing up claims with evidence. In the field of literature, an academic may write an essay based on a theory, but shows how the theory can be proven with evidence from the literature. These are the examples of academic text are books and books reports, translations, essays, research paper and research articles, conference paper, academic journal, dissertation and thesis, abstract, and explication. Here are the characteristics of academic writing;
Written by professionals
Written for academic audience
Thoroughly reviewed
Published under academic source, academic journal, certified publishing house or a university press.
Provides facts and evidences from credible sources.
Objective point of view and avoid being personal and objective.
Uses hedging or cautious language to tone down their claims.
The structure of your academic writing/text depends on the type of assignment, but two common structures used in academic writing are the three-part essay structure and the IMRaD structure. Even shorter essays that are not divided into titled sections follow such a structure. Longer texts may be further divided into subsections. Different disciplines or departments may prefer that students use a certain structure, so make sure to check with your instructor if you are not sure what is expected of you. The three-part essay structure is a basic structure that consists of introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction and the conclusion should be shorter than the body of the text. For shorter essays, one or two paragraphs for each of these sections can be appropriate.
Critical reading means that a reader applies certain processes, models, questions, and theories that result in enhanced clarity and comprehension. There is more involved, both in effort and understanding, in a critical reading than in a mere "skimming" of the text. What is the difference? If a reader "skims" the text, superficial characteristics and information are as far as the reader goes. A critical reading gets at "deep structure" (if there is such a thing apart from the superficial text!), that is, logical consistency, tone, organization, and a number of other very important sounding terms.
What does it take to be a critical reader? There are a variety of answers available to this question; here are some suggested steps:
1. Prepare to become part of the writer's audience.
After all, authors design texts for specific audiences, and becoming a member of the target audience makes it easier to get at the author's purpose. Learn about the author, the history of the author and the text, the author's anticipated audience; read introductions and notes.
2. Prepare to read with an open mind.
Critical readers seek knowledge; they do not "rewrite" a work to suit their own personalities. Your task as an enlightened critical reader is to read what is on the page, giving the writer a fair chance to develop ideas and allowing yourself to reflect thoughtfully, objectively, on the text.
3. Consider the title.
This may seem obvious, but the title may provide clues to the writer's attitude, goals, personal viewpoint, or approach.
4. Read slowly.
Again, this appears obvious, but it is a factor in a "close reading." By slowing down, you will make more connections within the text.
5. Use the dictionary and other appropriate reference works.
If there is a word in the text that is not clear or difficult to define in context: look it up. Every word is important, and if part of the text is thick with technical terms, it is doubly important to know how the author is using them.
6. Make notes.
Jot down marginal notes, underline and highlight, write down ideas in a notebook, do whatever works for your own personal taste. Note for yourself the main ideas, the thesis, the author's main points to support the theory. Writing while reading aids your memory in many ways, especially by making a link that is unclear in the text concrete in your own writing.
7. Keep a reading journal
In addition to note-taking, it is often helpful to regularly record your responses and thoughts in a more permanent place that is yours to consult. By developing a habit of reading and writing in conjunction, both skills will improve.
Critical reading involves using logical and rhetorical skills. Identifying the author's thesis is a good place to start, but to grasp how the author intends to support it is a difficult task. More often than not an author will make a claim (most commonly in the form of the thesis) and support it in the body of the text. The support for the author's claim is in the evidence provided to suggest that the author's intended argument is sound, or reasonably acceptable. What ties these two together is a series of logical links that convinces the reader of the coherence of the author's argument: this is the warrant. If the author's premise is not supportable, a critical reading will uncover the lapses in the text that show it to be unsound.
Some of the contents can be found in Google.
Structure of Academic text- (https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/)
Critical Reading- (https://www.csuohio.edu/writing-center/critical-reading-what-critical-reading-and-why-do-i-need-do-it)
2 notes
·
View notes