How did magicians back in the day make seals? Was there a science behind it or was it intuitive?
That's a really good question! The answer is extremely complicated!
When most people these days think of seals they think of goetic seals. But the terminology of "seals" actually comes from the idea of sealing a letter. Specifically, it refers to one of the many apocryphal versions of the story of Solomon and Ashmedai, in which king Solomon uses a signet ring with a special magical symbol on it to command demons.
Now, this is one of those biblical stories that people went absolutely nuts for. Jews, Christians, Muslims, damn near every abrahamic faith has their own take on the story, because let's be honest here it's cool as fuck.
But! The original story from the Tanakh doesn't refer to the seal at all, and focuses much more on controlling the sheyd with manacles inscribed with a secret name of God. The inherent magical power of names of God is a common trope in Jewish literature, but later versions of the tale also include greco-egyptian ideas about the inherent magical properties of language, forms, and mathematics.
So when we look at a contemporary English version of a goetic seal, we are looking at something with literally thousands of years of compiled knowledge behind it. I wouldn't necessarily call it science, or intuition, I would describe it as systematic, and narrative. Closer to how campfire stories are improved over generations as people tell and retell them.
Look at this seal of Belial:
The idea of the seal itself? That goes back to Babylonian Jewish ideas about written text having power to control supernatural entities. (Google Babylonian curse bowls if you haven't already.)
See how the letters are spaced? That's important. That goes back to neopythagorean ideas about regular polygons being fundamental building blocks of the universe.
The little crosses? Those are probably cruciforms! That's how you can tell Christians were involved at some point.
See how some of the lines of the seal end in little loops? That goes back to ptolmaic Egyptian ideas about magic. If the crosses are cruciforms, these are probably ankh-forms! You see shapes like that all over magical texts from the 2nd-6th century Mediterranean!
These symbols are the result of dozens of cultures and people and languages collectively yes-anding each other for literally thousands of years. They are DENSE with meaning.
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Anyway, by that criteria Lyra stops being a Rogue towards the end of the book (there is a prophecy, but at the point I don't recall it being a particularly impactful one beyond foreshadowing). Ofc, things change a lot in the third book. (It took me forever to find a copy that matched the two I had, by which point I had had the ending spoiled and stopped caring. The Golden Compass/Northern Lights is excellent, though.)
Maybe Silk?
Who is the best Rogue in fiction published since 1980 and why is it Lyra "Silvertongue" Belacqua?
Maybe? I haven't actually read His Dark Materials.
But here's a hot take: your Rogue card is immediately revoked if you're an Oh So Special Chosen One. (Even if you're Locke Lamora? Yes, even then.) You can still be roguish, just not a Rogue. Rogues don't have prophecies about them, don't pull swords off stones, and don't inherit thrones (though they might steal a few). Rogues are nobodies, the salt of the earth, and they aren't destined to do anything. They make their own luck. Like this guy.
If you're having trouble keeping up with what's going on in Palestine because of US news coverage of university protests, here are some articles you can read and a video you can watch:
youtube
While CNN & all the other mainstream media try to paint the university protests as "pro terrorism" (which they're not, they're literally anti-war protests.) Palestinians are being slaughtered by the minute.