small collection of links for ldov
would encourage looking for these in local bookshops if you can, especially books by authors of colour
on butch/femme: compiled readings, compiled by i.m. epstein (collection of genres)
the persistent desire: a femme-butch reader, edited by joan nestle (collection of genres, register on archive.org or here is a pdf)
last train out of the city by ivan coyote (poem)
the only blak queer in the world by ellen van neervan (poem)
boots of leather, slippers of gold by elizabeth lapovsky kennedy and madeline gold (history, register on archive.org)
odd girls and twilight lovers by lillian faderman (history)*
the vintage book of international lesbian fiction, edited by joan nestle (fiction, register on archive.org or here is an epub)*
women on women: an anthology of american lesbian short fiction, edited by joan nestle and naomi holoch (fiction, register on archive.org)*
stone butch blues by leslie feinberg (fiction, cw r*pe, assault, police brutality)
beebo brinker series by ann brannon (pulp fiction, this is all five books in one)
notes of a crocodile by qiu miaojin (fiction)*
the color purple by alice walker (fiction, cw incest, r*pe)
tipping the velvet by sarah waters (fiction)
oranges are not the only fruit by jeanette winterson (fiction)
zami by audre lorde (biomythography)*
s/he by minnie bruce pratt (memoir, register on archive.org)*
fun home by alison bechdel (graphic memoir)
epistemology of the closet by eve kosofsky sedgwick (lit theory)*
the T on chinese transmasculinity by jinghua qian (essay)
who says we don't talk about sex? by kitty tsui (essay, found in the persistent desire but this is my post so i'm adding it)
asterisk = things i haven't read but intend to
lmk if anything doesn't work i don't actually know how to use dropbox <3
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How Plotlines add Dimension
When writing a novel, you need to use more than one plotline. In fact, most successful books need at least three. If they only have one or two the story may feel flat, bloated, or repetitive, because the writer doesnât have enough variety to draw from. But itâs sometimes not enough to just pick any three plotlinesâthere are different types, and there are reasons there are different types. By picking three different types, you give your story satisfying dimension.
Think about it. When we talk about dimension in life, we are usually talking about three dimensions: height, width, and depth. We arenât talking about height, height, and width. Or width, width, and depth. We are talking about at least three different measurements. Sometimes time is added inâa fourth measurementâand theoretically, we could add more. But until there are at least three measurements, the object is only two dimensional (aka, flat).
There are at least six different types of plotlines:
Protagonistâs External:
This is the type of plotline most of us recognize first. Itâs the âouter journeyâ of the protagonist. Itâs Star Lord saving the galaxy. Or Dr. Faustus making a deal with the devil for unlimited knowledge. Or the man who is trying to win over the love of his life. Often this contains the main antagonist, so that there is a kind of a back and forth between the protagonist and antagonist.
Protagonistâs Internal:
The second-most recognized plotline. This is the âinner journeyâ of the protagonistâhow the protagonist arcs (changes or remains steadfast) over the course of the story. This means that the antagonist is the selfâit might be a flaw, weakness, or misbelief that the hero has to overcome, to become who she is meant to be. This is where the âinner demonsâ lie and fight back.
Relationship/B Story:
Depending on who you listen to, some teach that the first two plotlines are part of the âmain storyâ or âA story.â Then there is a secondary story, the âB story.â As professionals like Blake Snyder and Robert McKee state, this is most often a relationship plotline. Usually this is about the protagonist and a love interest, but it might be the protagonist and a best friend, sibling, mentor, parent, or even rival (the Influence Character). Itâs a plotline about how a relationship develops, grows, or changes.
The reason the relationship plotline works so well, is because it fits between the protagonistâs external and internal plotlines. Itâs not as extreme and far-reaching as the external plotline, but itâs not as intimate and deep as the internal plotline. Therefore it adds dimension.
Personally, I donât think the B story always needs to be a relationship. But it needs to be something that is not as big and broad as the protagonistâs external journey, and not as deep as the internal plotline. I think that is a more accurate understanding of it. However, most B stories are relationship plotlines, and even if they arenât, almost all stories still have a relationship plotline.
But this is a conversation that can get into semanticsâwhat we call what, how we define things, and where we choose to slice and dice story elements.
Society/World:
From there, in many stories, there is conflict within the society and world the protagonist inhabits. Luke Skywalker may have his own external and internal plotlines, but beyond him, is a whole war between the Rebels and the Empire. In Catching Fire, Katniss is pinned against tributes, but there is a plot playing out between the Capitol and the Districts. And least you think this is for only epic genres, in a Hallmark movie, a local business or tradition might be at stake. Keep in mind that any group or collective can function as a society. For example, a conflict between students and teachers could fit this type.
The society/world plotline is broader than the protagonistâs external plotline because it has more participants and bigger groups. They may intersect in significant ways, but the society/world plotline is âaboveâ it.
Influence Character:
Other than the protagonist, there is usually a key, influential character. This is pretty much always who the protagonist is in a relationship with in the B story. This character adds dimension because, unlike the protagonist, it is someone we are observing, more or less, from the outside. The audience isnât as close to them as the protagonist, but they arenât as opposed to them as the antagonist. This is a character whose power comes from influenceâfrom influencing the protagonist and/or the A story (directly or indirectly). Because of this, the influence character may often have his or her own plotlineâgoals, hopes, fears, obstaclesâthrough the story.
Undercurrent Story:
This is a plotline of my own definition, because I havenât seen it defined anywhere else, though it has been written many times. The undercurrent story is a plotline that happens âunderâ the story the audience is seeing. Rowling uses this in every Harry Potter book. For example, in Deathly Hallows, the surface story focuses on finding and destroying Horcruxes, while the undercurrent plotline is about the Deathly Hallows. In Goblet of Fire, the surface story is about the Tri-wizard Tournament, but the undercurrent plotline is Barty Crouch Jr. trying to resurrect Voldemort. Another famous example is Sixth Sense, where Dr. Malcom discovers heâs been dead the whole time. Â
The undercurrent story is a plotline that usually touches the surface several times before fully surfacing at the end, changing the context of prior incidences (this may result in a twist). It may touch and influence other plotlines, but we donât have a clear understanding of it until later. It plays out, to some degree, off page, but progresses alongside the main story (itâs not just backstory). Because of the nature of the undercurrent plotline, it should be added as a fourth or fifth (or sixth) type of plotlineâit wonât give the writer enough to work with as a third. It nevertheless adds dimension.Â
To learn more about undercurrents, you can check out my earlier posts on them here and here.Â
We have now defined six different types of plotlines. Most successful stories (other than maybe short stories) have at least 3 - 4 different types. The most common three are the first three, but not all stories have all of them. For example, not all protagonists actually have an internal plotline. In such cases, theoretically, a different plotline type needs to be added. So maybe the story has the external plotline, relationship plotline, and society/world plotline, instead.
If you start with an external plotline and only add more and more internal plotlines, the story may feel off and repetitive: height, height, width, for example.
Once youâve decided on at least 3 - 4 types, you may add and layer more plotlines that somehow fit between themâsimilar to what we did with the B story. You may have another internal plotline that is not as powerful, far-reaching, nor as personal as the main internal plotline. Or you may have another relationship plotline that is further removed by a degree. Or you may have another secondary character plotline, that is not as important as the influential characterâs, but still affects the protagonist and story. But you need at least 3 - 4 âmainâ plotlines of different types for a story to have dimension.Â
This taps into how some epic novels are structured. You may have a protagonist who has an external plotline, an internal plotline, and be a participant in a society plotline. Then you may also have secondary characters who each have their own external, internal, and society plotlines. And they also may have different relationship plotlines, with different Influence Characters. (Confused yet?)
As with all writing guidelines, Iâm sure there are exceptions that exist to all these things. For example, itâs not strictly impossible to write a story that doesnât have three different types, just that such stories add more of the sameâadding âlengthâ as opposed to âdepth.â Harder to pull off and less likely to be as satisfying. Sometimes as writers, we mistakenly think that the more of the same we add to a story, the more powerful that element, but in reality, itâs often contrasting that element that results in more power.
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