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#senusret iii
lionofchaeronea · 1 year
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Head of the 12th Dynasty pharaoh Senusret III (r. 1878-1839 BCE), shown wearing the white crown of Upper Egypt. From Karnak; now in the Neues Museum, Berlin. Photo credit: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP/Wikimedia Commons.
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egypt-museum · 4 months
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Head of king Senusret III with nemes headdress
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, ca. 1878-1839 BC. Now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. E.37.1930
The face of Senusret III is one of the most individual and recognizable in all of Egyptian art. The deep-set, heavy-lidded eyes, the thin lips, and the series of diagonal furrows marking the rather hollow cheeks give representations of this king a brooding expression not usually found on the faces of Egyptian kings, who are generally portrayed with a more youthful countenance.
This image is one of the few instances in Egyptian art in which the ruler seems consciously to have chosen to represent his humanity rather than an idealized image of eternal kingship.
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terivarhol · 2 years
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“Lord Of the Nose”
(Three different versions of Pharaoh Senusret III sculptures, detail)
“It seems that for the Egyptians enjoyment came above all through the nose, so much so that a nose hieroglyph was used in every word meaning “pleasure” or “to be pleased” . Even the proximity of the gods announced itself by a heavenly scent, called “perspiration of the gods”. The Egyptians received the breath of life from the gods through the nose, symbolised by an ankh.” (Excerpt from EGYPT People Gods Pharaohs, Rose-Marie & Rainer Hagen) 
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panafrocore · 13 days
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12 Facical Recreations Of Africa's Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs/Figures Based On Their Respective Sculptures
The 12 facial recreations of Africa’s ancient Egyptian pharaohs and figures based on their respective sculptures offer a captivating glimpse into the past. From the regal visage of Ahmose Nefertari to the serene countenance of Queen Tiye, each reconstruction brings history to life. The majestic presence of Amenhotep III and the enigmatic charm of Nefertiti are captured with remarkable precision.…
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caesxr · 10 days
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i'm getting emotional about caesar again [insert mandatory disclaimer here about how i don't like caesar or any of the things he stood for i simply find him fascinating as an historical figure and i recognise that he was a human being with thoughts and emotions and that very fact is profound to me as someone who studies the human past but once again i don't actually like him or the things he did because i'm not a peculiar right wing bumhole licker]
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~ Statue of Lady Sennuwy.
Period: Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, reign of Senusret I
Date: ca. 1971-1926 B.C.
Place of origin: Lower Nubia (Sudan), Kerma, Tumulus K III.
Medium: Granodiorite
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mid0o · 4 months
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Statue of Queen Khnemetneferhedjet
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Khnemetneferhedjet was the wife of King Senusret I and mother of King Senusret III. She evidently died early in his reign. She was buried in a mastaba at Dahshur, near the pyramid in which her son was later interred.
12th Dynasty 🇪🇬
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ausetkmt · 1 year
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BLACK WARRIORS, KINGS AND GODS | AfricanAmerica.org
BLACK WARRIORS, KINGS AND GODS
AUSAR (OSIRUS)
Ausar is one of the most important figures in the history of world civilization. According to ancient knowledge, Ausar (Osirus) contributed to the creation of Khemitic (Egyptian) civilization through a series of new programs that began long before the Great Flood. The prehistoric civilization of Ta-Seti was more advanced than Egypt and existed before Egyptian civilization by three thousand years (TIME MAGAZINE, 1999).
Ausar also travelled to the East and established settlements in India including a City called Nysa after the Nysa of Egypt (read "African Presence in Early Asia," edt. by Runoko Rashidi and Ivan Van Sertima, Transaction Publications. Also read "Susu Economics," pub. by 1stbooks Library, www.1stbooks.com
Ausar is credited for the inventiontion and improvement of forms of arts, sciences, literature, culture and many other arts and sciences.
KHEKPERE SENUSRET (CECROPS)
Khekpere Senusret known as "Cecrops" by the Greeks is said to have founded the City of Athens and contributed to the creation of Greek civilization before the Greek tribes migrated from Central Europe among a number of Europeans who migrated Southerward between 1700 B.C. and afterwards.
Senusret was also a warrior who established a colony on the Black Sea and maintained thousands of African troops from Egypt in the region. The Greek writer Herodotus describes these Africans as Colchians and compares them to the original Negro Egyptian people.
As recently as the 1940's, there were still remnants of African people living in the region of Armenia and the Black Sea region.
AHMOSE 1, THE PHARAOH WHO LIBERATED EGYPT FROM THE HYKSOS INVADERS
Ahmose 1 liberated Egypt from the Semitic Hyksos invaders after about two hundred years of brutal and oppressive rule. The Hyksos, who were pastoralist Semites from the Southwest Asia region invaded Egypt. After proper planning and military skill, Ahmose drove out the Hyksos armies. Yet, more Semites and others including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Libyans, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Europeans entered into Egypt as the centuries went by, changing the very gene pool of Egypt from Negroid African to being today more mixed in the North and purer Black Egyptian in the Southern part.
Tarharka Nubian Pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty, about 650's B.C.
ODE TO TARHARKA
I
The God has come from the lands upriver to liberate and rule downriver, the God so blessed by Re the Sun, tall and well built, hue as the night so strong, all the userpers fled out west, these petty kings were not our guests, for centuries invaders ruled in Khem, ravaged our motherland, all them.
Chorus
Tarharka mighty God and King, Swept from the South with lightening sting, his armies destroyed all the invaders, from lands beyond the sand and of mauraders, who placed themselves on our throne, claimed our history and claimed our homes, but we the sons and daughters of Nubia-Cush, no one shall make us slaves, not us.
II
And so he looked out to the Khuru Sea, the barbarians assembled in the Polynese and so his men they came from East, and said be ready for the Nenivese, The Sons of Asshur plan to attack, and its our duty to push them back, and keep Nubia-Cush safe from all of them, and spread our power beyond Khem.
III
Year thirty-five thirty-nine after Solar Calendar, we heard the thundering of the invader their horses swept through the Sea of Sand came across the Sinai one million, but we Nubian-Cushites of the Gods, used our minds and defeated the hordes. and let our descendants know as well in or lands no Shemites shall dwell.
Tarharka and the Nubians ruled Egypt during the 25th Dynasty. Tarharka was one of the most important Pharaohs in Egyptian history because he and those in his Dynasty restored Egyptian culture and greatness back to Egypt after Egypt had been dominated by a numnber of foreign rulers and the pure Egyptian culture and religions were being lost. Tarharka was a powerful Pharaoh who was controlled the Mediterranean region. He also established a Nubian presence in Spain and the Nubians maintained trade into the Atlantic during the 25 Dynasty. See more on the Nubian Dynasty at http://community.webtv.net/nubianem
NARMER, UNITED THE TWO KINGDOMS OF EGYPT ABOUT 3500 B.C.
Narmer was one of the early Egyptian Pharaohs and played a major role in uniting the Delta region with the rest of Egypt as early as 3500 B.C.
SAMOURY TOURE "THE BLACK NAPOLEON OF THE SUDAN" FOUGHT THE FRENCH FOR TEN YEARS BEFORE BEING CAPTURED AND EXILED TO CONGO FROM HIS HOMELAND SENEGAL
CUSHITE PHARAOH ASPELTA
MODERN SOUTH SUDANESE CUSHITE WARRIORS FIGHTING TO FREE THEIR NATION FROM SEMITIC COLONIALISM, ATROCITIES AND GENOCIDE
IS WAR IS REAL, IS WAR FOR ALL?
Tiny tots with minds to know, saying Daddy, Daddy, is it so, is war for real, is war, is real? now Daddy, Daddy what's the deal? and what's a Dad to tell his own, so many suffer, so many have gone,
Tiny tots with minds of their own, why do the tv (media) treat the people less grown, asking Daddy, Daddy is war for all? so to save the oppressed and heed the call? Sudan, Mauritania and West Papua, destroying, enslaving those who are other, religious expanders on the go, seeing a religious empire, but some say no.
And so today the braves they fight, no one will enslave them, its their right, Dinkas, Nubas, Papuans, Mandinkas fighting against the northern invaders, and do we wonder if its just, those who want freedom from this thrust? Nubia-Cushites (South Sudan) driven down to the dust Shall rise again with our help they must.
WAR OF WORDS
Talk-show mouth porn is bad drinking corn is bad smoking gives lunng cancer males just stay lowcount under ork give you worms dorks they have yearns some women have it all Black men must rise against the fall, welfare destroys all families childcare no, men work for their babies men with good ways get the ladies loud-mouthed women stay single Sadies, disarm, that arm and can't harm his marm, says homework for school marm, read "Susu Economics," and "A History of Racism and Terrorism, Rebellion and Overcoming," both from 1stbooks.com and barnesandnoble.com, great works on Aframericanism and freedom war here, war there fifty years of terror in Sudan, for there, for where, no one wants to be dragged to the ground, justice, just them invading our lands and ravaging our women, iterracial rape, taking African women to the North to be bread, biracial children calling them "Semites" when they are Africans instead, Dinkas, Nubas and Nubians say enough of this evil and this dread, talk shows, flock follows, hosts on cupcakes and jewel addiction, walk those, mock those, their Tokyo Rose-type outtakes is cruel repitition, pornography, warmorphology, tricknology, armageddon, religion, promoted by, photography, phallisology, accused of being warmongers promoting armageddon to bring holocausity. ....but its happening in Sudan, Mauritania, West Papua and Latin America. ethnic clensing and genocide is when they destroy or confine all the males, elevate the females and then ravage her, make her believe she has made it and have no need for the Black men who saved her from Ahmose to Toussaint to Nat Turner fighting and defeating all the barbarians who crossed to invade our sisters.
more poems at http://community.webtv.net/paulnubiaempire
NUBIAN QUEEN AND SON SEES DESTRUCTON OF ROMAN FORT AT ASWAN BY NUBIAN SOLDIERS
A number of Nubian-Cushite queens called Ka'andakes (Candaces) ruled Nubia-Cush just before the birth of Christ. This queen and her son along with the Nubian-Cushite Army kept the Romans out of Nubia-Cush. In this scene, they are witnessing the burning of the Roman Garrison in Aswan. The Roman army were defeated in Nubia and never attempted to invade that nation again.
Today however, the Nubian-Cushites (South Sudanese) are dealing with a similar situation of foreign cultural and religious control and domination of their lands from a culture and people who also now dominate Egypt. Nubia-Cush was also the first nation on earth to be the victims of Semitic terrorism through the use of constant attacks on their territory, enslavement, destruction of their cities and persistant warfare. Emperor Kalydosos of Nubia-Cush defeated the Arab armies during the 600's A.D., yet later on the Semites were able to infiltrate Nubia-Cush in trickles and in waves and established themselves in the North and using the scheme of taking African women, while declaring the children part of the Semitic culture. This policy is totally against the African idea that no foreign race or group can claim a child or children born to African women on African soil as part of the invaders ethnic or racial group.
Today, the Nubian-Cushites continue to fight for their lands and to maintain their religions and cultures.
ANCIENT WARRIORS FROM BENIN, WEST AFRICA WITH CORAL HELMETS, SHIELDS AND JAVLINS
West Africa was and still is one of the core areas of prehistoric civilization on planet earth. The prehistoric Zingh Empire of the Southwestern Sahara was located in the region of Mauritania, Mali, Burkino Faso, Senegal and the vincinity. The Zingh Empire was the first regional empire to use the red, black and green standard. According to sources, the Zingh Empire existed about 15,000 years ago and included a region from West Africa to Turkey. This empire existed at a time when the Sahara was still covered with lakes, had plant and animal life, vegetation and teamed with human cultures. (Read about the Zingh Empire in the book, "Susu Economics: The History of Pan-African Trade, Commerce, Money and Wealth, " pub. by www.1stBooks.com
more: http://community-2.webtv.net/Nubianem2/BLACKWARRIORSKINGS/page2.html
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wifeoftheheart · 1 month
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Senusret III
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ancientoriginses · 4 months
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Está previsto que la tumba del rey Khakaure Senusret III (Sesostris III), uno de los más famosos e influyentes faraones del Imperio medio del antiguo Egipto, abra al público en un par de años. De este modo se ofrecerá a los visitantes la oportunidad de descender a sus cámaras subterráneas y maravillarse con la arquitectura de los constructores egipcios que dieron forma a este complejo funerario hace casi 4.000 años.
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egypt-museum · 4 months
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Fastener of Princess Sithathor
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, ca. 1991-1803 BC. Funerary Complex of Senusret III at Dahshur. Now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. JE 30862 Photo: Sandro Vannini
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o-craven-canto · 1 year
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesostris
Sesostris (Greek: Σέσωστρις), also transliterated as Sesoösis, or Sesonchosis,[1] is the name of a legendary king of ancient Egypt who, according to Herodotus, led a military expedition into parts of Europe. Tales of Sesostris are probably based on the life of Senusret I , Senusret III and perhaps other Pharaohs such as Sheshonq I[1] and Ramesses II.[2]
Herodotus also relates that when Sesostris defeated an army without much resistance he erected a pillar in their capital with a vulva on it to symbolize the fact that the army fought like women.
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jarwoski · 1 year
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Radamis II Nile Cruise
Radamis II Nile Cruise
  If You Go To Egypt You want to experience one of the top Nile Cruise Holidays and stay with World Tour Advice to try something new while travelling on the Nile River.
Along with visiting priceless artefacts and structures in Egypt (The Land of History), you have the opportunity to take in the grandeur of the Nile River by taking a Felucca Nile Cruise, exploring Luxor and Aswan, and more with the help of World Tour Advice.
 Nile Cruises,Create unforgettable memories while visiting Egypt to experience the charm of the past You have the opportunity to take part in one of the most amazing and fascinating Nile Cruises in Egypt with Ibis Egypt Tours on the Luxor to Aswan Cruise. investigate Luxor Sightseeing Visit Karnak Temples where you can explore many elements that date to different eras, similar to Luxor Temple where you can enjoy seeing The Pylon of King Ramses II and The Colonnade of King Amenhotep II. This complex started from the reign of King Senusret I (the Middle Kingdom) and continued to the Ptolemaic period.
 Nile river cruise Holidays,Visit Hatshepsut, then sail to Edfu to explore The Second Large Temple After Karnak Temple and Known as (Temple of Hours), then Continue Sailing to Kom Ombo to Have Amazing Time in This Wonderful Double Shared Temple, Then Enjoy Aswan Attractions. Explore The Great Hypostyle Hall That Contains 134 Column in Different High, Scout to The Valley of the Kings The Royal Necropolis That Contains K.V 62 of King Tutankhamun, Then Visit Explore The High Dam that Protects Egypt from Flood and Drought, similar to the Philae Temple that dates to the Roman Period and is dedicated to the Egyptian goddess Isis, the Giver of Life and mother of Kings.
Day 1: Embarkation in Luxor Meet and assist by World tour advice Tours representative upon your arrival at Luxor airport, train station or Luxor hotels. Then a direct transfer by private air-conditioned vehicle to board MS Movenpick Radamis II Nile cruise. Enjoy your first Lunch meal a board, then meet your tour guide, start a guided tour to visit the biggest temples ever erected in the world Karnak complex and Luxor Temples. Back to your ship for afternoon tea and dinner,at night free time to walk in the city or Sound and light show in Karnak temple, overnight stay on board in Luxor. Day 2: Luxor Nile Cruise Tours Breakfast on board the Radamis II Nile cruise boat, followed by a guided tour to Luxor West Bank, go to visit the Valley of the Kings, Hatshepsut Temple at El Deir EL Bahari, ruins of Amon Hotep III mortuary temple including the Colossi of Memnon, Back to the ship for lunch and an afternoon tea during sailing towards Edfu. Dinner and overnight a board MS Swsiss In Radamis II in Edfu. Day 3: Edfu & Kom Ombo Nile Cruise Tours Breakfast on board the MS Radamis II Nile cruise ship, then your tour guide will take you in a guided tour by horse carriage to go to visit Horus Temple in Edfu, Back to the board, sailing to the south to Kom Ombo. Enjoy Lunch on board. A guided tour to visit the temple shared by the two gods Sobek and Haroeris ( Kom Ombo temple ). Sailing to Aswan, dinner and overnight stay. Day 4: Aswan Nile Cruise Tours Enjoy your Breakfast on board the MS Radamis II Nile cruise, then enjoy an early tour to visit Aswan sightseeing, Aswan High Dam, Hatshepsut Unfinished Obelisk in the very old Egyptian granite quarries, tour to the majestic Philae Temple on one of Aswan beautiful islands, you will arrive it by sailing by a small motor boat,then visit the Botanical Garden on Kitchner island. Overnight stay on board in Aswan. Day 5: Aswan – Disembarkation Disembarkation after breakfast aboard MS Radamis II cruise. If you want to add an optional tour to visit Abu Simbel from Aswan Transfer to Aswan airport, train station, Aswan Hotels.
Itinerary 3 Nights
Day 1 Aswan - Embrace Aswan and Nubia culture - Nile Cruise Holidays
Embarkation to Radamis II Nile cruise ship before Lunch, start an amazing tour to scout the fabulous High Dam, the Granite Quarries where you will see the unfinished obelisk of Hatshepsut, Feast your eyes by watching the glory of Philae Temple, sailing on the river Nile by Felucca around Kitchener's Island & Agha Khan, finally return back to your Radamis II Nile Cruise, Relish your yummy lunch on board Afternoon tea, Enjoy music in the cruise lounge, Dinner and overnight on board Radamis II Nile Cruise.
Day 2 Kom Ombo Edfu - Nile Cruise Holiday
Now it is time not only to taste the flavor of a tasty breakfast on board, but also to feast your eyes at the time your Cruise Sailing to Kom Ombo, scout the striking Temple of Kom Ombo, The temple is shared by two gods Sobek & Haeroris in Kom Ombo proceed sailing to Edfu, Unleash your inner adventure and visit the ravishing Temple of Horus in Edfu visit the  Temple Lunch will be served during sailing time to Esna afternoon tea, Dinner on board, Enjoy Galabeya Party show, Overnight in Luxor.
Day 3 Luxor West Bank tours - Nile cruise holiday
Enjoy your yummy tasty  breakfast on board, sailing from Esna to Luxor, Unleash your soul during your excursions to unblock secrets of Pharaohs, Tour to Valley of the Kings, Next visit to Valley of the Queens, proceed to the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, known now with the name of El-Deir El-Bahary, finally Worldtouradvice tours guide will escort you back to Radamis II Nile Cruise, Lunch included on board, Afternoon Tea, Belly Dance Show, Enjoy music in the lounge, dinner and overnight on board Radamis II Nile Cruise in Luxor.
Day 4 Luxor East Bank Tour
Disembarkation from Radamis II  Cruise after tasting the flavor of your yummy breakfast on board, it is the time to beguile your eyes by a tour to the fabulous Karnak Temple with its huge Pillars hall known as the forest of pillars, then stir t scout Luxor temple, then worldtouradvice will transfer you to Luxor airport or railway station for final departure
Radamis II faciities
Sailing Schedule time :
All Mondays:  Radamis II start sailing from Luxor to Aswan for 4 nights/5 days
All Fridays: Radamis II start sailing from Aswan to Luxor for 3 nights/4 days
Technical Specifications:
The Radamis II ship Length is  72m
The  RadamisII ship Width: 13.7m
The ship Height: 11.7m
The ship Weight: 600 tons
• Smoke Detector System Panel
• 5 decks
Radamis II cruise ship purvey a total of 65 stunning luxury cabins of approximately 21 square metres,  4 cabines from them are family cabins and other four  are deluxe suites of about 28 square metres.
All the cruise ship Cabins Contain the following:
• Air-condition with private temperature controls
• A large window, Floor to ceiling panoramic window enabling you to see the Nile scenery during sailing time,
• Private wc equipped with a bathtub, hairdryer and shaving sockets for 220V power supply
• LCD
• In-house video and music channels
• Wi-Fi
• Two Life jackets
• Escape map
• Non-smoking cabins are available on request.
Fourth deck D: 28 cabins 
Restaurant deck C: 16 cabins
Lounge deck B: 16 cabins 
Lower deck A: 14 cabins
Restaurant , Bar,  Lounge/disco, Gem, Library,Massage room, Laundry and
 Ironing service, business center, bazaar
Includes
Meet & assist services upon arrival & departure by world tour advice tour Representative
Direct private transfer from any destination in Luxor or Aswan to the cruise ship and return ( First and last day in the cruise holiday )
Accommodation aboard 5 stars Nile cruise on full board basis
All Nile cruise excursions along the Nile cruise journey planned by world tour advice 
Day trip to visit the coplex of Karnak temple and Luxor temple in Luxor East bank
Day tour to scout Valley of the Kings & Hatshipsut temple in Luxor West bank
Day trip to visit Edfu temple as per Radamis II Nile cruise itinerary
Day tour to visit Kom Ombo temple as per Radamis II cruise itinerary
Day trip to visit Aswan highlights as following Philae temple, the  High Dam & the unfinished obelisk
Day tour to visit Elephantine island & Botanical Gardens in Aswan
Entrance fees to all the sights between Luxor and Aswan as mentioned in our Nile cruise itinerary
Professional Egyptologist tour guide for all tours aboard cruise
Service charges and all applicable taxes
Excludes
International flight
Egypt Entry Visa
Optional Tours
Tipping Kitty
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Herodotus, Sesostris, and the Egyptian tradition
” NOTES ON HERODOTUS’ SESOSTRIS (HDT. II 102-110)*
Vasileios Liotsakis
If one wishes to grasp the character of Egyptian propaganda against the Persian rulers of the country from 525 BC, when the Persians occupied Egypt, on the basis of only one story, one could do no better than to read the legend of Sesostris (HdtII 102-110). By using this legend the now humbled royal priests of Egypt create a mighty ruler who surpasses all the Persian monarchs in every respect, thus salvaging some of Egypt’s lost pride in the splendor of her old Empire1. If Darius was a great conqueror, Sesostris, according to the tradition, was greater still. He cam-paigned against peoples in the Red Sea, Scythia and Thrace (II 102-106), and was the only pharaoh who managed to rule Ethiopia (II 110, 1). Thus, as the Egyptians informed Herodotus, the priest of Hephaestus did not give permission to Darius to erect an effigy of himself in front of Sesostris’ statue, and for the same reason Darius himself accepted such an insult, silently admitting his inferiority (II 110, 2-3).  Moreover, if Persian rulers could display sizeable monuments and constructions, such as bridges or canals, through which they controlled the forces of nature, the Egyptians could proudly point to the huge monuments of Sesostris and his family and to such institutions as an irrigation system, roads and equitable division of land (II 108-110). Last, but not least, if the Persian kings were in a position to exercise their power in the solution of internal political problems, Sesostris was quite ca-pable of dealing easily with internal threats as well, such as his brother’s conspiracy (II 107-108, 1).
Of course, the real Sesostris did not actually accomplish everything the priests attributed to him. For example, he never made an expedition to the Red Sea2, although this was not a problem for the Egyptian priests. Such was Sesostris’ antiquity, that the priests were in a position to assert whatever they like, in order to belittle Darius’ efforts to expand his empire in the area3. Furthermore, it is not certain whether the conspiracy involving Sesostris’ brother was fact or fiction4. The Egyptians attributed such feats to their emblematic hero and probably did so by amalgamating the achievements of several pharaohs. While it is generally agreed that “King Sesostris” stems from the name “Senusret”, of the kings of the 12th dynasty, especially Senusret III, some have suggested that this persona also includes elements of other kings, such as RamesesII or Amenemhet III5. Whatever the exact  combination of elements drawn from other pharaohs to create the legend, one is justified in suspecting that Herodotus’ Sesostris is a fictional combination of more than one king.
In this paper, rather than pursuing the old question of Sesostris’ identity6, I will combine the results of previous scholars’ work with new findings, in the hope of reaching some conclusions regarding the origins and the significance of three part sof Sesostris’ tale in Herodotus’ narrative: a) the reason for the king’s failure in the Red Sea (II 102, 2), b) the presence and the anonymity of the king’s wife (II 107, 2),and c) the punishment of Sesostris’ brother (II 108, 1) in the conspiracy episode. Given the general unreliability of this information and our difficulty in identifying which pharaohs it actually refers to, in order to examine items a), b) and c) I will pass them through multiple filters, namely ancient Egyptian literature, Herodotus’own narrative strategies, other historical sources and archaeological finds. In the last part of my paper I will focus on the possibly laudatory character of the conspiracy episode.”
“To recapitulate: As was said at the beginning of this paper, the complexity of the circumstances under which the Sesostris legend was composed and the abundance of its possible sources (Egyptian tradition, religion, literature, Greek rationalism, plethora of kings etc.) hinder any efforts to clarify the origin of its specific elements. In addition to all these factors, one should certainly add Herodotus’ inability to understand every single ideological implication of such stories. Nevertheless, despite all this, a closer examination of the relationship of the legend to Egyptian tradition can help us understand that Sesostris’ narrative is more Egyptian than has been thought so far. Moreover, it can help us incorporate even apparently irrelevant parts of the legend, such as the conspiracy episode, within the propagandistic logic and intentions of this account.
 Abstract : Although Herodotus’ narrative on Sesostris’ legend (Hdt.II 102-110) has been well-examined, there are certain elements of this legend that call for further discussion. Specifically, the reasons of Sesostris’ failure at the Red Sea and the presence of his wife int he conspiracy episode are believed to be of non-Egyptian origins, but a closer examination of them through the filters of ancient Egyptian literature, Herodotus’ own narrative strategies, other historical sources and archaeological finds may prove the opposite. Moreover, the same filters can help us learn more about the punishment of Sesostris’ brother and reveal the laudatory character of the conspiracy episode as a whole.”
Opening paragraphs, conclusion, and abstract of the paper of Vasileios Liotsakis “Notes on Herodotus’ Sesostris (Hdt. II 102-110)”, Maia 66, 2014, 500-517
Source with the entirety of the paper: https://www.academia.edu/11802141/_Notes_on_Herodotus_Sesostris_Hdt._II_102-110_Maia_66_2014_500-517
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Vasileios Liotsakis,  University of the Peloponnese, Department of Philology, Assistant Professor.
I remind here that Herodotus’ narrative of the Sesostris legend belongs to the pre-Saite period of the Egyptian history, about which he says that he just reports what he has heard from the Egyptian priests, expressing implicitely some dissatisfaction with these accounts (Herodotus is on the contrary and justifiably more confident about the veracity of the reports he collected on the Saite period). It seems however that Herodotus here and elsewhere records genuine Egyptian traditions of the fifth century BCE and, therefore, this part of his Book II on Egypt, even if historically largely inaccurate, is an important testimony about how the Egyptians of the period of the Persian domination of Egypt saw the remote past of their country.
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nesutbity · 2 years
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Seated statue of Senwosret III (ca. 1836-1818 BC) Brooklyn Museum
Senwosret III (Sometimes called “Senusret” or “Sesostris”) ruled during Egypt’s Middle Kingdom in the 19th century BC. He is credited with sweeping reforms that reestablished the supremacy of the central government. During the first intermediate period the Pharaohs struggled to exercise control over the land, local nobles often wielded more power than the king. Until Senwosret III came along. He divided the land into four provinces, each headed by a vizier. The nobles reported to the viziers and the viziers to Senwosret. The lavish tombs for local nobles, common during the first intermediate period, cease to be built during his reign; a clear indication of the efficacy of his reform. 
A seated Pharaoh is a classic trope in Egyptian art. That’s one thing about the Egyptians that I love, their deep affinity for tradition. Kings don’t deviate from long established traditions when it comes to depictions of themselves. One thing worth noting, however, is the expression on Senwosret’s face. His mouth curves slightly downwards and the high cheekbones give the statue a very stern visage. The change in appearance is obvious when viewing statues of other middle kingdom rulers, like Senwosret I. 
If I had to guess, the stern facial features are intended to remind the viewer that Senwosret is no pushover. He came to reestablish the legitimacy of the Pharaoh and chew bubble gum, and he’s all out of bubble gum.
(Source) (Source)
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