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#maybe it's an english langauge thing
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hate writing fanfic in english this is so humiliating fdgkjhgkjghj
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spanishskulduggery · 8 months
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Just discovered while talking to someone in Spanish that "Adiós" is more of a permanent goodbye, something you might say to someone you expect to never meet again, like a stranger. Instead, he said I should use "nos vemos" when speaking with people I know, which makes sense. I was wondering what other goodbyes I could use that aren't permanent? Obviously there's "hasta luego" and "hasta mañana."
I wouldn't go that far necessarily, but yes adiós can be used for people you don't expect to see for a long time (possibly never again like sayonara means in Japanese)
Literally, adiós is "go with God" which would have been a lot more impactful in the time of needing to journey days/weeks/months to meet some relatives, and possibly having to deal with war, disease, wild animals etc
A lot of Western langauges have something similar, even "goodbye" is "God be with you/ye"
Some people do use it for a permanent goodbye. Others use it for an indefinite but probably long period of goodbye
And some people just say adiós as a standard goodbye with no deeper meaning other than "bye"
Note: You can also say adiosito which I wouldn't necessarily recommend outside of friendly conversation since it can sound sarcastic; it's like "toodle-oo" but it's literally a little goodbye
Note 2: If you vehemently hate someone and you hope to never see them again, you can say hasta nunca which is like "see you never" and I think that's beautiful
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Today people do use adiós just as "goodbye" though it can read as "we won't see each other for a while"
The more short-term is nos vemos "we will see each other"
Another variation is a direct object version rather than reflexive. You can say te veo pronto "I'll see you soon" for example, instead of nos vemos pronto "we will see each other soon", that sort of thing
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There's also hasta pronto "see you soon", hasta la próxima "see you next time"
And a lot of people have adapted certain words into Spanish like bye/bai or chau/chao for goodbyes
chau/chao in particular comes from ciao and is super common especially in South America
Another common one I say is cuídate "take care of yourself" / cuídese for polite, cuídense for plural
Depending on context you can also say ¡Suerte! "Good luck!" (or ¡Buena suerte! or ¡Que tengas mucha suerte! "Hope you have lots of luck" or te deseo mucha suerte etc)....
Another common one I say is ¡Ánimo! which means something like "Chin up!" but literally it's "energy" or "cheer"; if you're saying ánimo with someone you're essentially saying ¡Aguanta! or ¡Resiste! which is like "Hang in there!" or trying to pep someone up, where animar is "to cheer someone on" so it's all related there
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Also I know you said spoken but just in case, if you're signing off on a letter/email there are some basic phrases you can use:
saludos = (a generic kind of goodbye) [lit. "salutations" or "regards"] un cordial saludo = (something like "kind regards")
atentamente = "yours truly" / "sincerely" [lit. "attentively"]
estamos en contacto / estaremos en contacto = "we'll be in touch"
And if you're writing a friendly letter you can say abrazos or besos for "hugs" and "kisses" respectively; it's very common to say something like te mando un abrazo "I'm sending you a hug" or something like that
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Also, if you're at a party or something, you can say something like ya me voy or me largo or something like "I'm heading out"
I tend to say something like hora de irme "time for me to go" because in my English-speaking brain saying me largo feels awkward like I'm storming out but I know that's not what that always means
Additionally you can say debo irme "I should go", something along those lines is pretty standard
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If you're being funny, I think me piro vampiro is somewhat used in Spain (but maybe not so much now)... it's just there for the rhyme. Literally "I'm out, vampire" or "I'm leaving, vampire" [pirarse is an idiomatic way of saying "to leave"]
For Latin America, more common would be chao/chau pescao which is literally "goodbye seafood/fish" since pescao is an informal spelling of pescado where the D can kind of be aspirated
You may also see/hear chao/chau bacalao "goodbye cod"
Again, all for the rhyme. The equivalent of "see you later alligator" in English. Everyone loves a rhyme
But obviously only do this among friends because it's informal and a bit childish
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haneulislearning · 2 months
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2024년 한국어 목표; Korean Language Goals
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With my study abroad date coming closer and closer (only 19 days away ㅇ.ㅇ), I figured it was time to share some of my language/Korean specific goals for the year!
These aren't all of the things I want to "accomplish" for the year, and some are long-term while others are short-term goals, but it felt better to have something physical to look at to remind me of what I am aiming to do this year and have my thoughts organized.
The hardest thing about this is reminding myself (Hi, if you don't know me, I fear academic failure and set high expectations for myself), that it will be okay if I do these things only partially or if something didn't quite meet my expectations that it is okay.
There are some things that I want to aim for as a personal milestone that I didn't list here in an attempt to NOT overwhelm myself to get it done.
(Like trying to read Harry Potter in Korean, because 1. I am NOT at that level yet, and that will take quite the time to go through and 2. I want to buy the book second hand because JK Rowling is a bitch and I don't know yet where I could thrift the book while in Korea. Mostly want to read it because it is a book that I read over and over again as a child so the concepts/ideas/plot is familiar, just not the nuanced vocabulary and grammar)
So I am viewing this less so as a list of things to do before the year ends, and more as a set of remiders, affirmations, and sources for me to review throughout the year as I am abroad and expanding my use and knowledge of Korean.
There is so much to say about my goals and views of langauge learning, but I don't want to make this my longest post ever, so maybe some other day I will share some of my more abstract goals in another post.
Anyways, enough rambling, here's what is listed in my journal:
Listen to Korean podcasts
Become comfrotable reading short stories + news articles
Journal more often in Korean
Annotate + break down THREE songs in Korean (*not in my journal, but the goal is to understand, memorize, and practice reading speed and listening with this)
Read + annotate one book in Korean
Try learning AT LEAST 10 new words a week (*I see this one either not lasting long or turning more into 10 words every OTHER week lol)
Review each month what you've learned (*just trying to go back and refresh myself on things that I learned recently but may not have had the chance to put into practical use often)
Other notes:
Use your resoruces! I have so many Korean books and websites/apps saved, and I will use them for about a week before I forget they exist, so this is my reminder to look at them a little more often!
If you know how to say it, say it! Don't hesitate! The amount of times my friends and I have decided to speak in Korean to each other only to say something in English and then quickly realize we 100% know how to say that in AT LEAST broken Korean :/. Or when my professor would ask us to share what we did this weekend in Korean and think that my sentence or phrase is wrong, only for someone else to say something similar and realize I actually knew how to say it. Better to try and maybe be wrong and get corrected than to not try at all and learn nothing.
Keep it simple, but try to build your sentences! Actually a reminder from my Korean professor lol! If you don't know how to say it, look it up of course, but you can't pull out your phone in every conversation you have! Sometimes it is easier to keep it simple and short and others it's great to build on and connect where you can. The whole point of my last class was to work on using connectors and conjuctions for our sentences to lengthen them, but it's not always possible. Some days it is just easier to say 네 or 아 그래요 and move on if you know what I mean.
Any progress is good! There have been multiple times this year where I have literally gone to Korean tutoring and forgotten every Korean word I know and beat myself up over the fact that I feel like I "failed". Simply put, I burn out too quickly sometimes and take the minor victories for granted. Celebrate anytime you can when it comes to remembering a small vocab word or how to order food in Korean!
Consistency is Key! Seems obvious, but one summer in between semesters I didn't study Korean for at least a month and wanted to cry when I tried to self study again before the new semester because that sense of failure was kicking in and I couldn't remember a lot of what I had been practicing. Even if it is just reviewing vocab, watching a youtube video in Korean, or even a K-drama, consistency is key when it comes to learning. It doesn't have to be a lot, just something.
Explore ways to learn, make it fun for you! I have only been learning Korean for almost 2 years now, and now that I am going abroad I'm realizing that I will be in much more different situations in terms of school and socializing, so how I experience Korean is going to be different for a little while. This is just a reminder to take advantage of fun opportunities and see where and when you can learn Korean.
You're probably doing better than you think you are. Don't stress. I feel like nothing needs to be said here, but if you look at where you started versus where you are now I am sure the distance is actually farther than it seems.
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bfbkg · 14 days
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saw the post about how to get over someone after 6 months post, what i recommended is getting it all out your system right now then later. What i mean is like stalk their profiles or reread messages and look back at photos to reminces now so you do not feel the need to do later. Also trying new hobbies and things out to replace the new emptiness that there because going to talking to someone daily to no contact is hard. And Ngl maybe breaking no contact might help a bit to like get anything out of your chest now then later and talking about the things that went wrong so you can feel more at ease. I know you got this sweetie! its a long road but i believe in you! p.s english is not my first langauge so sorry for my error or grammer
NEVER APOLOGISE !!!!! i have broken no contact like twice hahahahsgsgsggsgahahahshahahajajauau i just don’t wanna feel like this anymore THE LONGING AND WISHING AND HOPING AND DAYDREAMING AND WONDERING AND EVERYTHING REMINDS ME OF HIM i just kinda wanna be normal again
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noneedtofearorhope · 1 year
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yo this Gilles Deleuze guy uhhhhh. i understood the thing that quote is from pretty interesting pretty cool but um. that capitalism and schizophrenia: anti-oedipus stuff i understood the preface and introduction but it lost me by chapter 2.
have you read it? did you get it? how am i supposed to get it? i feel like i need to have a degree in psychoanalysis or some shit to understand it
i have not read it. i wouldn't stress not getting it tho. don't feel duty bound to read and understand theory. do it because it enriches your life, helps to bring joy.
that said, he's french, and personally i find the act of translating to be enlightening, even if i don't actually know the langauge. something about the literal translations can sometimes make things click in my mind. even just taking the english version and 'translating' that, going thru it slowly, rephrasing sentences, cutting out the bits that are distracting you. perhaps even translating it into diagrams, so you can visualize it.
i find also that it's helpful to just sit with your lack of understanding a bit. let it be a thorn in your side, a pest that keeps buzzing around in your head. tying it back to language again, immerse yourself. go thru the related tags, reading selected quotes, pushing thru your lack of understanding. eventually you may start to get an intuitive sense of things, even if you could't articulate that understanding. but also trying to articulate it anyway. talking it out can be very helpful, even if the other party doesn't have any input whatsoever.
reading up on psychoanalysis might help too, as well as digging into the history of these thoughts. dig down to the foundations, see what its being built on. elbisneherpmocni sraeppa yllaitini tahw fo esnes ekam nac ,sdrawkcab tsuj si ecnetnes siht gniwonk ekil ,txetnoc (read that backwards)
read wiki and other summaries, follow the sources. personally, im a bit of a 'cast a wide net' sorta person. i like variety, cross pollination of ideas, getting the big picture, seeing the forest. maybe you're more of a details sorta person, but i hope this helps and gives you some idea to go off of.
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kaloncpu57 · 1 year
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For your Hisuian language post, as someone roughly familiar with Japanese and English, the characters used in BDSP and PLA are the same. Does it map out perfectly to English or Japanese? Unfortunately not. The characters themselves line up with the Japanese syllabary but the old Japanese characters are complex. For one, old signage in Japanese would be written in reverse. Two, kanji plays a role in not following syllabary and PLA has references in places to a both a simple and complex script. That said, the meaning across both games and some vertical placement of those words lets us see that some things between modern Sinnoh and Hisui have carried over. The characters for 'town' (タウン) and 'city' (シティ) in BDSP are unique and match the number of their kata (3). Mi.o (2) for Canalave, Ka.n.na.gi (4) for Celestic, etc... So by placement, and knowing the characters from the BDSP map which are not 'town' or 'city', the banner across Jubilife Village (コトブキKo.to.bu.ki 4, 村 Kanji read as むら mu.ra 1 or 2 characters, meaning village) ...means JUBILIFE. it's also repeated in the signs in front of the Wallflower. Thinking broader, it's possible the characters themselves carry symbolic meaning instead of being directly coded over. Ponyta (ポニータ PO.NI.-.TA)'s photo has 3 characters that match the hair salon (What would this be in Japanese? ヘアサロン? 散髪? It doesn't check out). The clearest depiction it doesn't match is the Canala Bridge (ミオ橋 MI.O HA.SHI). In BDSP, SHI is present in City (SHI.TE.I), but the characters in Bridge don't match up with the Sinnoh map. Now because Japanese has 3 written languages, maybe it's different and the number of symbols either won't help or should differ, and it's taking the difference between kata and hira... OR the devs cut and pasted the same sets of characters arbitrarily to allude to Japanese while not meaning much of anything. Unfortunately, there isn't enough shown to verify one way or another. Yet.
This is super cool info in response to my question about the langauge of Hisui
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esr10 · 11 months
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Hiii
☘️🌜✅
hello my luv x
♧ : favourite word from the english language translated in your language
first one that comes to mind is chauffeur = sjåfør because it's so lazy and perfect
☪ : what do you hate about your language?
two things: 1. new norwegian and 2. articles. there's no reason for us to have three different words for "the" and "a" respectively
✓ : funniest word in your language
hmmmm. maybe kebabnorsk (kebab norwegian); norwegian with influences from non-western immigrant languages
speak your langauge day asks
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hanjisick · 1 year
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Hello!!💗 How are you? Hope you are doing just fine. Sooo i don't really know how your ships work so i am sorry if i made you uncomfortable and if the request's are closed then you can always just delete it i wouldn't mind. Also i apologize if this is too long and for any spelling mistakes english is not my first langauge.
• I am a russian female, my height is about 1.61 cm, weight about 51 kg, brown curly/wavy medium kinda hair, big brown eyes with long and thick lashes (people say that they can see planets in them which is very weird because idk), i have a griffin tattoo on the botton side of my left leg and as much as my figure is very feminine i work out so i pack some mucles and a six pack. Usually my skin is very pale and snowy but in the summer it turns into a honey like toned skin and i have a few beauty marks.
• I am an istp, usually people don't come and talk to me because i always look like i would kill someone (and i would) but in the end i just really care about the people i love. Very very shy and polite around people and strangers but i get very extravorted around people that i am comfotable with. I have a very hard time judging people and i am always able to understed their side of the story and how they feel even if i didn't went through the same thing they did. I can read people's mood just by looking into their eyes most of the time. Very very dark sense of humor for no reason (and a very broken one too). I perefer to listen then talk because it makes me happy that people trust me enough to tell me random/deep stuff about themselves.
• I really love video games and P.S (mostly fighting games like tekken or god of war), used to play a piano, i draw quit a lot (mostly people and it's just sketching), sing, very good at sports, used to pole dance, and i have some experiense with judo and thai boxing (fights and breaking people's bones but we don't talk about that), if i watch tv it's just national geografic wild/HD, i absolutely love reading books and watching movies (mostly action and comedy sometimes horror too).
• I don't like being controlled and forced to either do something or choose between something. I would rather stay at home but if the person i care about would want to go outside i can't say no because as long as i am with them i am happy. I have like only two friends other then my cat and barley talk to one of them though my social battery is very low and i like to be alone when theres an opportunity most of the time.
• I speak 8 langauges, absolutely love animals but cats are my favorite, i have never being babied before and prefer to take care of others, theres like 5% chance i will find someone unattractive, another reason why i don't talk to people anymore is because i am afraid they will use me because i was being nice to them. I had horrible depression for almost 4 years when i was 11/10 and no one catched up on that until a phone call with a teacher that i had, alot of nightmeres and illusions, i harmed myself too (still have scars) everyday and had to take a pill and go to a therapist but now i am okay and happy (but still never felt genuine happines). I have a habbit of playing with a ring on my finger that i always wear, already at a young age i was very independet (5 or 6 years old maybe) already knew how to cook and do house chores and i didn't grow up with the most normal family i was mostly a daddies girl never had a mother figure (we were strangers living under the same roof) and an 8 years older sister who always pushed me away until she begin dating her now husbend and i have a baby nephew.
• I have all the love langauges but the biggest two are quality time and physical touch.
Again i apologize if it's too long, made you uncomfortable and for spelling mistakes.
I really love your writing's but don't forget to take care of yourself and i hope you will have a good day/night!!~💕💗💞
i ship you with…
jisung!
your intimidating aura shook something inside of him. he would immediately need to know more about you and would be willing to do anything to get your attention.
he found it adorable how similar you actually were to him. both of you would be shy around eachother, only to gradually become louder until the two of you were always a giggling, fun mess together.
jisung would love nothing more than to spend his days by your side, tracing your tattoo in awe as he talked about absolutely anything that came to his mind.
but nothing sold him more than the fact that you both loved to watch national geographic, always down to binge episodes over a bowl of popcorn and cuddles.
he would love to help you relive the inner child experiences that you never had. if jisung is good at anything, it’s making others feel safe and loved.
yandere jisung
you enjoy being alone most of the time? say goodbye to that. you wouldn’t be able to pry the boy off of you, no matter how strong you are.
the only person you would have to deal with is jisung however, since he would be happy to do anything in order to stay home with you all day and all night with you and your cats.
he is absolutely enthralled with all of your hobbies and talents. video games? he would love to play with you, but he was also content with simply laying on your lap and watching the game. your sketches? they’re all hidden in a drawer for him to look through. singing? he would beg to hear you, to sing along with you, anything— but only he was allowed to hear your angelic voice.
but be careful talking about your experiences and family— all it takes is a mention that you dislike someone and jisung will immediately have them taken care of. learning about your past has only made him more possessive and protective over you, and he’s willing to do absolutely anything to make sure that nobody hurts you ever again.
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blyth-thehuman · 1 year
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hiii i saw you posted on that rb game thingy that you’re majoring in linguistics and translation- do you have any advice or things you’d wish you’d known about it before? i’m thinking of studying it and i have to submit my application soon!
Hiiii, ok so first my first language is not english, and i also went to public school, so the transition from high school to uni was a somewhat tough but as long as you continuously study and ask your professors about the things you don't understand you should be fine!
I recomend if you take up traditional grammar to read up on it a little. I've had the biggest issues with understanding what coordinators, denominators, types of verbs, etc. But i revised and asked others and translated them into my first langauge and understood them!
Also with composition, make sure you know what counts as plagiarism, and make sure to go by the CRAAP test if given to you bc it's really important. Also synonyms are essential to me when i write essays, so maybe search some up for whatever word you have in mind.
And that's it ig, i'm still a freshman so i don't have much to say, but i hope this helped! And pls don't be intimidated by all of this or what others say, you'll only know when you major in it! And also you can change the major if it's not for you, it's ok!
I hope this helped! If anyone has any tips or anything pls share! Have a nice day and good luck!⚘
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crescentmp3 · 1 year
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hi i love asking peoplw this question and i don't think i've asked you yet so! what are some of your favourite words? (in any langauges you know or are learning)
HIII !! HI HI <33 THANK U I ALSO LOVE THAT QUESTION
my favorite word in english is luminity !! its really nice sounding and i love it <33 its like so . woaguh
my favorite word in turkish is çınar ! it directly translates to plane tree ^^ plane trees were religiously important to folk before islam became widespread , and we have many traditions that stem from it still happening today ! for example , back in the day there was one big plane tree , believed to hold holiness and might . people would carry pieces of it around . when someone hinted at something in the future being bad ( like ; "this will be the end of us") , people would go "don't say that!" or the likes , or maybe not lol , then get out the piece they carry around and knock on it . today , in the same situation people will knock on any sort of wood around ( maybe its a desk , or a chair , whatever you can find )
hmm ... my favorite word in korean so far is probably 안녕 ^^ it directly translates to peace , but is used as both a greeting and a departing , even if a little informal . its very fun to say , abd its one of the very first things you learn !
i know tiny bits of italian and russian but i dont think i know them well enough to have a favorite word ..
my favorite word in arabic is نور ! read as [ noor ] . it refers to the holy light of angels , and partially light in general . i've spoken about it in another post , you may be able to find it ?
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stupidgaypilots · 2 years
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Vast Oceans and Swirling Seas
Rating: T
Pairings: Rooster/Hangman, Rooster & Phoenix
Fandom: Top Gun
Langauge: English
Oceans and seas have never been Rooster’s favourite thing in the world. Far from it. In fact, he really really doesn’t like them. They’re cold, deep and despite the clear water, it is impossible to see below 2 meters, even on a clear sunny day. That alone is creepy, adding to the fact that humans know more about space and the ever expanding universe than these huge bodies of water. You never know what is lurking in them.
Also, Rooster’s dad died in the ocean.
Maybe that cemented the whole thing. Whenever he looked out to the seemingly endless water, all he could think of was how easily one could die there. Drowning, or freezing or being so far away from help that death has enough time to grab you.
Regardless, as much as he didn’t want to admit it, he was afraid of the ocean.
[OR: The one where Rooster battles his fear of the ocean, featuring best friend Phoenix and boyfriend Hangman.]
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caster-l0ve · 20 days
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hi'
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so, i dont know how to Tumblr, english is Not My first langauge, and if there was an incarnation of social awkwardness,
it would be me. Hi!
so, turtles. thats the one thing i can promise here folks. silly little goobers. specifically maybe a certain one with orange gear.
anywhizzle, ill post when i post. see ya then :))
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0livebranch · 4 months
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I enjoyed reading the once and future king. It was for my English and Cultures class in 8th grade. Towards the end, king arthur is replaying pivital moments of his life. Going over regrets. I thought it was intersting that he brought the concept of territories and bouadaries to light. Arthur and his knights were at war. It was for god, glory and gold. The older arthur is going back and saying, the conflicts exist within the imaginary lines we have drawn. There isn't a mountain range separting each state. A river every county. It's not real. The concept is taken so seriously. Crossing over.
The concept of land and posession. Odd. If I hold a ball of snow in Nepal and throw it into russia, what of it? Is the claim transfered to russia or is it nepal or? Looking at a map of Africa, which was harshing divided under british rule, is quite interesting. The break down of religions, langauges and beliefs. You'd think they came from opposite ends of the world, but they are neighbors.
Africa in particualr draws interest to me because those line were created by the british to maintain order. To do this and that and the other thing. I see as placing tape on the ground in the shape of a sqaure. Placing a person in the square. Telling that person the rules of the territory. They must stay in their square or this that and such. And They had no say in it. They were not in a position of power to have a mutual understanding. When the person in the square realizes they can leave or maybe they just decide to take claim to more, it's so bizarre to me. It's earth. Resources, access to rivers, metals, food. Blur the lines.
Finite quantities. The issue. Displaced peoples. Basically all of history is diplacement. Moving people in and out and setting up the imaginary lines. It's like youre breaking a social rule. The reason you dont just walk into your neighbors back yard. This boudary is based on expectation. You buy a house with a patch of grass in the back. You have made your claim to that patch of earth. The only thing dividing your patch from your neighbors is a fence. Phyisical boundary. We dont walk into peoples yards because there is somethings there labeled as claimed. If you enter that area you are knowing breaking a boundary that was set. Which is socialy not acceptable under most circumstances.
For places without fences. There's that lack of understanding. If I share a patch of grass with my neighbor, no fence, what are the acceptable rules for claim. The line can be thinly blurred. An inch or two here and there. Negotiagtion. Is there an expection to mow the entire lawn or just one side. Watering? This and that.
Theres a common goal. Avoid conflict. Maintain their claim, keep it nice. But again the issue lies in finite quantites, how resourses are used, divded.
Most of the arguements that exist are probably territory based. Boundaries being crossed. Imaginary ones being implemented to establish control.
The first guy who took a stick and drew a line in the dirt. Fuck you. Eat shit. You started a lot of wars bro.
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yearabroadfordummies · 4 months
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Speech Acts - a simple but important concept
What do you think language is used for?
The most common answer to this question might be ‘to convey information’. That is in fact one correct answer, but is that really all language is about?
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What is the Speech Act theory?
John Searle's Speech Act theory (the concept first introduced by philosopher J.L. Austin) argues that besides describing the world around us, language can also be used to perform actions or to make other people perform certain actions.
To present every linguist’s first example: when you say ‘It is cold in this room.’ are you just describing the temperature you feel? Or are you maybe asking someone near the open window to close it?
Or when a judge reads out the jury’s decision, are they only relaying an opinion, or do their words dictate what will happen with the defendant? Isn’t it their words that make that sentence be?
Why do you need to know about speech acts on your year abroad?
As you might've guessed, speech acts can be used and realised differently depending on cultural norms and assumptions, and the bad news is, some features of British English are exceptions rather than the norm across cultures.
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Picture taken from 202semantics's blog from WordPress (link embedded in picture)
We will share some more specific examples of these differences in following posts, but our aim now is to give you a broad idea of what speech acts are and why they are not just a matter of politeness. And so when someone from a different culture tells you something that you would usually phrase as a question, you don't immediately think they are being rude or trying to offend you and send them to superhell.
Searle's 5 types of Speech Acts:
(Useful to understand, but not something that is crucial to most, so feel free to scroll to the next section.)
So what types of speech acts do we differentiate according to the theory?
Assertives: We use assertives to assert ideas, opinions and the like. This is how we present facts and claims like 'I rewatched Good Omens yesterday'.
Directives: Directives are when a speaker is trying to direct someone else to do something. This can take multiple forms, like an order, a request or even offering advive. For example 'You should read some books by Terry Pratchett'.
Declarations: Think of how a priest can declare two people husband and wife. Declaratives are expressions that can bring about a change in the world.
Expressives: Here a speaker makes a statement about their own feelings and attitudes about something. For example, you can express an apology or gratitude. 'I appreciate that you warned me to bring tissues when watching the end of Good Omens season 2.'
Commissives: When you commit to doing something in speech, that is a commussive speech act. This could involve a vow, a promise, a bet, etc. Like when you promise to not make your blorbo suffer anymore (even if we all know it is not going to happen).
Don't panic! This might all sound too complicated and not seem like something that will be of actual use to you. What is the point of knowing the names of things we do effortlessly every day, right? But now comes the interesting part, and the one that is relevant to us:
How are these speech acts actually realised? And how are they different depending on culture?
Remember that all 5 types of speech acts refer to functions that we use langauge for. They serve a specific purpose. (Academically, we would refer to these as illocutionary acts, if you'd like to read more about them.) Now comes the question: how are we going to achieve these purposes?
There are certain types of sentences we might use for certain types of purposes. This is a concept you might be more familiar with. To elicit an answer, you would generally use an interrogative sentence, that is, you would ask a question (Did you read the book?). To issue an order in a directive you would generally use an imperative sentence (Give me all your books!).
But is there only one way to achieve a purpose in speech? What happens when the type of sentence we use does not match its function?
The difference is what we call an Direct and Indirect Speech Acts.
A good way to demonstrate this is in how you would make a request. When the function of a sentence matches the purpose of it, we have a direct speech act:
'Close the window.'
But as a British student, aren't you more likely to make make this request through an indirect speech act, by using an interrogative sentence?
'Could you close the window?'
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Picture taken from Arnold Zwicky's blog from WordPress (link embedded in picture)
You might've noticed that in the last point I wrote 'as a British student'. Did you think after reading the example something along the lines of 'isn't this just being polite?'. You are absolutely right in that accoring to British cultural values this is the polite way to make a request.
However, what is considered polite and impolite can differ starkly depending on culture. What you consider polite in English, might come across as downright condesceding in other languages and cultures. Moreover, differences in language use and the use of speech acts in this case have been shown to be caused by aspects of culture that run way deeper than merely politness (e.g. intimacy, spontaneity, directness, etc.).
Some great examples of such differences can be found in Wierzbicka's work about Polish vs English speech acts and she explains how English tends to place heavy restrictions on the use of imperative sentences, while using interrogative forms extensively. I sincerely recommend skimming through the article to help reflect on what a native British English speaker would find 'normal' in speech that speakers of other languages might not.
And this is all from us about speech acts - congratulations for making it to the end of this long post! This might've been more theory-heavy than some of our other posts with fun examples, but we hope it helps you approach those with a clearer perspective :)
- Tea
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butterfly-nebulaa · 1 year
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Heyyy, just wanted to say that the reading you did for me definitely reasonated. I love how you phrase your words, thank you!
Hello,
I'm so happy to hear that (I hope I gave you positive message 😅).
That is very nice to hear since I'm always always worried if the things I say will be understandable to others, maybe because English is not my first langauge idk...
Anyway, thank you!
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ao3feed-tolkien · 2 years
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The Red Istari
read it on the AO3 at https://ift.tt/cBbIFjL
by Authorship
The sky was aglow, deepest crimson washing over the land and undimmed by the bruise-purple clouds that clutched at the edges of the horizon.
The sands shifted beneath him, deep and perfect as only a desert that has consumed everything within it can be.
A staff of inscribed steel stood proud where it was stabbed into the sand, radiating heat against the side of his neck.
Somehow, he knew in his bones that there was nothing out there but him, the staff, and the golden desert.
He was alive, bare, and unwounded despite the blood he could feel stuck to his flesh.
This was not death.
This was… something new.
Words: 14145, Chapters: 1/30, Language: English
Fandoms: Naruto, TOLKIEN J. R. R. - Works & Related Fandoms, The Lord of the Rings - All Media Types, The Hobbit - All Media Types
Rating: Not Rated
Warnings: Graphic Depictions Of Violence, Rape/Non-Con
Categories: F/F, F/M, M/M, Multi
Characters: Uchiha Shisui, Faramir (Son of Denethor II), Gandalf | Mithrandir, Galadriel | Artanis, Glorfindel (Tolkien), Elrond Peredhel, Arwen Undómiel, Aragorn | Estel, Legolas Greenleaf, OC Gondorians, OC entire desert population at this rate, OC elves, oc humans, Eorlingas | Rohirrim, Théodred (Tolkien), Théoden Ednew, Éomer Éadig, Éowyn (Tolkien), omg i forgot frodo lmao, Frodo Baggins, Sam Gamgee, Merry Brandybuck, Pippin Took, why are they all nicknames..., does itachi acting as shisui's conscience count, Yes, Uchiha Itachi, Radagast | Aiwendil, Saruman | Curunír, Pallando (Tolkien), Alatar (Tolkien), okay just assume its everyone okay
Relationships: Faramir (Son of Denethor II)/Uchiha Shisui, Boromir (Son of Denethor II)/Éowyn, Aragorn | Estel/Arwen Undómiel, Gimli (Son of Glóin)/Legolas Greenleaf, and others
Additional Tags: Uchiha Shisui Lives, Alternate Universe - Canon Divergence, Shisui in Middle Earth, Shisui is like oh im a wizard now? dope, shisui is actually an arsonist lol???, Worldbuilding, so much world building, technically world bastardising, DO NOT LOOK AT THE LANGAUGE LOGIC TOO CLOSELY, lets just enjoy it for what it is, Actual Escapism Fiction, Girl Boss Eowyn, Back at it again with a BAMF Shisui roadtrip!, Alternate Universe - Everyone Lives/Nobody Dies, you read that right, I'm like an infomercial: to fix all troubles please apply liberal SHISUI, Sixth Istari, Shisui is the Red Wizard, Shisui is unnecessarily dramatic and mysterious and very loyal to his colour scheme, was is a wizard if not that?, Gandalf is the original Gatekeep Gaslight Girlboss, Boromir Lives, theodred lives, Is that shit wasnt clear, This was supposed to be romantic but then it got dark and then it randomly got really funny, or maybe im just losing it to my own memes, which is always a thing, Sunday Update Schedule, Mentions of: Slavery and Non-Con and Sex but just in passing, I will tag CW in chapter summaries, because horrible monsters do horrible things unfortunately, i spelled language wrong but... its all the way up there... gonna have to leave it ;___;, I wrote this bc i need more Faramir and I'm incapable of posting unless its Shisui
read it on the AO3 at https://ift.tt/cBbIFjL
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