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#adelges piceae
vandaliatraveler · 2 years
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Species at risk: Canaan fir (Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis). Canaan fir is a recognized subspecies of Balsam fir with cone scales extending from the bracts, which differentiates it from Abies balsamea. This gorgeous, medium-sized tree grows up to fifty feet tall and is known to occur naturally in only a few locations of the higher elevations of West Virginia and Virginia. Because it tolerates high moisture and early frosts better than balsam and Fraser fir and holds its deep green needles for a very long time, this tree has become increasingly popular with the Christmas tree and landscaping trades. Sadly, Canaan fir in its native habitat faces three existential threats: over-browsing by deer; infestation by balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae), an introduced pest; and climate change. With the loss of native predators and the expansion of favorable habitat, white-tailed deer have proliferated throughout Central Appalachia and are literally chomping away at the rich diversity of Appalachia’s forests, including young fir trees. If fir saplings are fortunate enough to survive deer browsing, they will almost certainly succumb to infestation by balsam woolly adelgid as they reach maturity and start to produce cones. In Canaan Valley, one of the tree’s few strongholds, efforts are underway to plant seedlings and secure stands of young fir with deer fencing (above) in hope of keeping the trees alive long enough to produce seed-bearing cones before they are killed off by the adelgid. The hope is to maintain a sustainable population of trees until an effective treatment is found for adelgid infestation. As an aside, this awful imported pest has taken a terrible toll on Fraser fir stands in the Southern Appalachians and is steadily working its way through native fir stands throughout North America. However, even if an effective adelgid treatment is found, stressors from climate change may well kill off these magnificent trees anyway.
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crudlynaturephotos · 5 months
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longfactor · 1 year
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Insecticides and pesticides used on fraser firs
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#Insecticides and pesticides used on fraser firs full
#Insecticides and pesticides used on fraser firs code
tip moth, Douglas-fir tussock moth, eastern spruce. In fact, in talking with county agents, we estimated that at least 4,000 acres of Fraser fir Christmas trees were treated in the fall and will hopefully skip a twig aphid treatment. Contact insecticides may not reach leafminers in their tunnels and. We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Many growers treated last fall with insecticides and are hoping to get twig aphid control this spring from those fall sprays. Germinating Fraser fir seed and young seedlings with expanded cotyledons.
#Insecticides and pesticides used on fraser firs code
The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. contained specific recommendations for herbicides and pesticides as well as. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. Chlorpyrifos 4E insecticide forms an emulsion when diluted with water and is suitable for use in all conventional spray equipment. This information is for educational purposes only. Quentin Tyler, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. As we learn more, IPM practices will continue to become more efficient and reduce pesticide use still further. This practice of ‘pulling’ seedlings declined as seed production allowed for growing trees in nurseries. The balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) is a seri-ous pest of true firs, Abies spp., and annually kills thousands of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri Pursh.) in the Southern Appalachians. FRASER FIR Product: Christmas trees Plant parts used: Seeds and seedlings Nontimber Uses Originally, Fraser fir seedlings were dug from natural forests to be replanted in Christmas tree farms and grown until merchantable. Pest management surveys of growers have documented that pesticides have been reduced by almost 75 from 2000 through 2013. Keywords: Adelges picea, Fraser fir, Abies fraseri, insecticides, insecticidal screening, field bio-assay. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. The good news is that growers are adapting IPM and reducing pesticide use in NC Fraser fir Christmas trees. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by the Austrian chemist Othmar. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Originally developed as an insecticide, it became infamous for its environmental impacts.
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lichenaday · 3 years
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Hypotrachyna virginica
This foliose lichen kinda looks like inflated puzzle pieces, with it’s thick, leathery lobes with dichotomous branches. The upper surface is a green-tinged, pale gray, and the margins and lower surface are black. Soredia are produced from cracked pustules on the upper surface, usually more towards the center of the thallus. You can distinguish  H. virginica from look-alike H. laevigata by the larger, more coarse soredia produced by the formers, and the fairer, smaller soredia produced by the latter. H virginica grows on tree bark in spruce-fir forests in the southern Appalachian mountains--a critically imperiled ecosystem being decimated by invasive Balsam woolly adelgids (Adelges piceae). It used to be thought that this species was found disjointedly in the neotropics, as well as the SE U.S., but recent studies showed that specimens found in the neotropics were actually a separate species. This means that the few populations left of this lichen are in danger--projections predict a loss of over 80% of the area of occupancy and extent of occurrence. And yeah, that’s bad. And while this lichen is lucky enough to be well studied and monitored in its decline, that doesn’t necessarily mean there is much scientists can do about it. They will try, though! We always try. But change is needed from without, to protect the most vulnerable species within. 
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