#EnvironmentalUse

I never really was a flower kind of guy. Sure, I gave flowers to people in the past like my mother or my loved ones but, they had never grabbed my interest.

But Chrysanthemum plants, really touched my sore spot. They are one of the four symbolic seasonal flowers but really start blooming in early Autumn up to entire November month. So, you don't have to worry about some little freezing nights because these flowers will stay beautiful.

And if you decide to keep them inside, they will reduce the indoor air pollution and leave the house with more fresh air. So they have an environmental use and are the perfect flowers for Halloween decorations.

As they say, without plants life on earth would not be possible.

Greenhouse gas emissions should be subject to legal controls in the US and phased out under the Toxic Substances Control Act, according to a group of scientists and former public officials, in a novel approach to the climate crisis.

“Using the TSCA would be one small step for [the Us President] Joe Biden, but potentially a giant leap for humankind – as a first step towards making the polluters pay,” said James Hansen, a former NASA scientist, who is a member of the group alongside Donn Viviani, a retired 35-year veteran of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Their legal submission, filed to the EPA on Thursday, states that greenhouse gas emissions present a danger to the climate and should be regulated as such under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), a law passed in 1976 as part of a suite of environmental regulations in the US.

The TSCA, which was amended in 2016, allows the EPA to place monitoring requirements on companies and enforce strict controls on certain substances. It has been used to restrict chemicals including asbestos, lead in paint, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

The law covers substances that pose “an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment”. The petitioners believe it can be interpreted to allow for a phase-out of greenhouse gas emissions.

Viviani said: “TSCA is like the ruby slippers [in The Wizard of Oz] – it can do just about anything. It can allow you to put a levy on carbon, and can deal with the legacy of carbon emissions. It has nearly international reach, as the US is the biggest market in the world and could apply these measures to imports too.”

He and the other petitioners have filed “a mountain’s worth” of scientific studies showing the impact of greenhouse gases on weather, which results in wildfires, heatwaves, severe drought, rising sea levels and increasingly acidified oceans.

The US has a recent history of attempts to regulate carbon dioxide under existing environmental legislation, as Congress has often proved reluctant to consider passing laws to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

The former president, Barack Obama, who was unable to get his climate legislation through the Republican-dominated Congress, tried to use the Clean Air Act – another of the environmental achievements of the 1970s – to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power stations, but under Donald Trump the attempt was reversed.

The US Supreme Court, which has a strong Republican bias, is re-examining whether the EPA should have such carbon-regulating powers.

Viviani has also tried a similar tack before, submitting a legal petition in 2015 for carbon dioxide to be controlled under the TSCA to tackle ocean acidification. That failed, but he believes that the amendment to the legislation in 2016 offers a fresh basis on which to present the argument again.

Hansen said the new attempt was more likely to succeed, adding: “The TSCA is different. It’s better than the Clean Air Act (CAA). The CAA was a possible vehicle for a rising carbon fee, because the supreme court in Massachusetts vs EPA ruled that CO2 was a pollutant. However, there is a very strong suspicion that if the CAA is used that way, the present conservative supreme court will reverse that ruling. They can’t do that easily with the TSCA, which was passed by Congress and reaffirmed [in 2016] with bipartisan support.”

Alongside Viviani and Hansen, the other petitioners include: Lise Van Susteren, a professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at George Washington University; John Birks, an emeritus professor in atmospheric chemistry at the University of Colorado Boulder; Richard Heede, of the Climate Accountability Institute; and the Climate Protection and Restoration Initiative.

Some climate campaigners have criticised Biden for a perceived lack of action on the climate crisis, despite the fact that he made it a priority in the early days of his presidency. The war in Ukraine and rising energy prices have prompted the White House to emphasise new gas extraction as an alternative to Russian supplies.

Viviani said: “President Biden is an empathic man; we hope he is also a brave man. We hope he will use both his empathy and bravery to pick up this tool he has in the TSCA, and use it to give hope that a solution will be found to the many millions of young people, and in fact all of us.”

Under the TSCA, the EPA has 90 days to consider and act upon the legal petition. The Guardian contacted the EPA for comment.

Figured I'd share this digital Mural I did for my Ecoart class recently about successful activism efforts; the idea was to collect articles that show the less depressing side of environmentalism to inspire hope for activism!

I made two versions, one with the relevant titles and one without so you can see my art and have the context too. You can read the articles listed under the cut!

image ID in Alt text!

(please don't repost or use these, and leave my description; thanks! reblogs welcomed!)

Legal Rulings:

Protecting Amazon Rainforest Lands: https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/ecuador-court-suspends-planned-auctioning-of-amazon-tribe-lands-to-oil-companies/#:~:text=The%20Waorani%20people%20of%20Pastaza,Pastaza%20Provincial%20Court%20%2D%20and%20won.

German Bill to force corporate contribution to cleanups of pollution/fines for litter: https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/03/germanys-new-plastics-bill-could-see-businesses-contribute-450-million-per-year-to-litter-

Japan and South Korea pushing against furthering fossil fuel projects, hoping to influence China: https://www.vox.com/22151710/china-japan-south-korea-climate-change-coal-finance

Supreme Court ruling shuts down seabed mining/oceanic environmental destruction: https://www.greenpeace.org/aotearoa/press-release/supreme-court-slams-door-on-seabed-mining-time-for-a-ban/

Jakarta residents win ruling against Indonesian government to rule clean air as a human right: https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/16/asia/jakarta-citizen-lawsuit-air-pollution-intl-hnk/index.html#:~:text=A%20Jakarta%20court%20on%20Thursday,on%20the%20city's%20notorious%20smog.

Green Energy:

India pushing for solar powered villages, setting future for more green energy: https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/11/01/indias-first-fully-solar-powered-village-is-helping-residents-to-save-time-and-money

China’s dedication to building massive windfarms aim to provide vital power that can replace fossil fuel for potentially 13m homes: https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/25/china-is-building-the-worlds-largest-wind-farm-and-it-could-power-13m-homes

Conservation Efforts/Natural Healing:

Mumbai beach is cleared in massive litter removal project reviving local wildlife: https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/22/asia/mumbai-beach-dramatic-makeover/index.html

Organization that has been dedicated to inventing massive plastic cleanup efforts for all types of waterways with massive successful runs: https://theoceancleanup.com/

Tree planting to stop Sahara desertification is succeeding in building a new ecosystem: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/great-green-wall-stop-desertification-not-so-much-180960171/

India plants 50 million trees inciting a global race to plant more encouraging mass replanting efforts: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/india-plants-50-million-trees-uttar-pradesh-reforestation

Organization that protects coral reefs and is advancing new promising techniques that may be the key to bringing back coral health in changing climate: https://www.secore.org/site/corals/detail/coral-restoration.20.html

NASA study finds we’re on track to repair ozone hole in atmosphere: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/nasa-study-first-direct-proof-of-ozone-hole-recovery-due-to-chemicals-ban

10 Benefits of Houseplants

Introduction

Houseplants have long been prized for their aesthetic appeal, but did you know that they also have a number of positive effects on your health and wellbeing? These modest botanical friends can have a tremendous impact on your physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing in addition to their vivid colors and lush greens. We'll look at ten wonderful advantages of keeping houseplants in your home in this article.

1- Improved Air Quality

Plants not only collect dust particles, but they also break down harmful substances in the atmosphere. Among other things, they reduce carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen. Healthy humidity also improves the quality of the air in your house. A study by NASA shows that types of plants such as Epipremnum and Spathiphyllum are especially talented air-purifying plants. Air purification is one of the most well-known advantages of houseplants. They serve as organic air filters, removing formaldehyde and benzene from your home while introducing clean oxygen. Excellent options for this are peace lilies, spider plants, and snake plants. Plants not only collect dust particles, but they also break down harmful substances in the atmosphere. Among other things, they reduce carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen. Healthy humidity also improves the quality of the air in your house. A study by NASA shows that types of plants such as Epipremnum and Spathiphyllum are especially talented air-purifying plants.

2- Enhanced Mood and Reduced Stress

Your mental health can be greatly improved by houseplants. Simply being among indoor plants has been shown in studies to lower stress levels, improve mood, and increase feelings of peace and relaxation. The act of taking care of them can give you a sense of purpose and satisfaction.

3-improved humidity regulation

Through a process known as transpiration, houseplants discharge moisture into the atmosphere. By preserving ideal indoor humidity levels, dry skin, respiratory problems, and even allergies are less likely to occur. The ability of ferns and palms to increase humidity is well documented.

4-Increased Productivity and Concentration

Greater mental health, cleaner air, and a healthier environment. The potential of plants to increase concentration and focus is a side effect of this greener living environment, which is crucial if your house doubles as a workstation. Simply having plants close to your desk can improve your focus, especially if you're studying or working from home. It has been discovered that simply having a natural, green backdrop in your workspace has a therapeutic effect. You can refuel your "attention muscles" to help you stay more alert and ward off fatigue. Are you a regular home worker? Plants can help you be more productive at work by placing them on, behind, or above your desk. Check out some further eco-friendly ideas. Not only are houseplants attractive, but they can help increase focus and productivity. Greenery has been associated with enhanced cognitive and attentional abilities. A potted plant can naturally increase productivity when placed on a desk or other work area.

5-Quick Recover

According to research, people who stay in hospital rooms with plants tend to heal faster and use fewer painkillers. The calming effects of vegetation help hasten the healing process.

6-Sound Sleep

Do you have difficulty falling asleep or do you often wake up at night? Air-purifying house plants create a better air climate in your bedroom and generate more oxygen. As well as their beauty and soothing powers, plants help you sleep better. Consider plants near or on the wall above your bed – a Live Picture Go would be perfect (and add a little plant artistry, too!) – for a better night’s sleep. Houseplants can help you get a better night's sleep. The calming and oxygenating effects of plants can create a more conducive sleep environment. Lavender and jasmine plants are particularly known for their sleep-enhancing qualities.

7-Natural Home Decor

Houseplants bring a touch of nature indoors, creating a cozier and more appealing atmosphere. They are available in a wide range of sizes, hues, and forms, allowing you to personalize your decor to reflect your personal preferences.

8-A Boost to Creativity

Nature is frequently a fertile ground for creativity. Houseplants are excellent companions for artists, authors, and anybody looking to spark their creative side since they may motivate and encourage your imagination.

9-Enhanced Healing and Pain Relief

Houseplants are frequently used to create aromatherapy, which has therapeutic advantages. Aloe vera is frequently used to treat minor burns, and crushed or diffused mint and eucalyptus leaves can help relieve headaches and congestion.

10-Gratification of the green thumb

Maintaining indoor plants can be a fulfilling hobby. It might make you feel good about yourself and give you a sense of accomplishment to see your plants flourish and thrive under your care. You can engage in this hobby at any ability level, from beginner to expert.

Conclusion

Houseplants can significantly improve your quality of life and are much more than just decorative additions to your house. Houseplants provide a wide range of advantages, including bettering air quality, elevating mood, promoting healing, and sparking creativity. So why not adopt the green trend and incorporate a small amount of nature into your home? You'll be grateful for it in your body, mind, and soul!

MOXIE experiment reliably produces oxygen on Mars On the red and dusty surface of Mars, nearly 100 million miles from Earth, an instrument the size of a lunchbox is proving it can reliably do the work of a small tree. The MIT-led Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, or MOXIE, has been successfully making oxygen from the Red Planet’s carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere since February 2021, when it touched down on the Martian surface as part of NASA’s Perseverance rover mission. In a study published in the journal Science Advances, researchers report that, by the end of 2021, MOXIE was able to produce oxygen on seven experimental runs, in a variety of atmospheric conditions, including during the day and night, and through different Martian seasons. In each run, the instrument reached its target of producing six grams of oxygen per hour — about the rate of a modest tree on Earth. Researchers envision that a scaled-up version of MOXIE could be sent to Mars ahead of a human mission, to continuously produce oxygen at the rate of several hundred trees. At that capacity, the system should generate enough oxygen to both sustain humans once they arrive, and fuel a rocket for returning astronauts back to Earth. So far, MOXIE’s steady output is a promising first step toward that goal. “We have learned a tremendous amount that will inform future systems at a larger scale,” says Michael Hecht, principal investigator of the MOXIE mission at MIT’s Haystack Observatory. MOXIE’s oxygen production on Mars also represents the first demonstration of “in-situ resource utilization,” which is the idea of harvesting and using a planet’s materials (in this case, carbon dioxide on Mars) to make resources (such as oxygen) that would otherwise have to be transported from Earth. “This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of another planetary body, and transforming them chemically into something that would be useful for a human mission,” says MOXIE deputy principal investigator Jeffrey Hoffman, a professor of the practice in MIT’s Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. “It’s historic in that sense.” Hoffman and Hecht’s MIT co-authors include MOXIE team members Jason SooHoo, Andrew Liu, Eric Hinterman, Maya Nasr, Shravan Hariharan, and Kyle Horn, along with collaborators from multiple institutions including NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which managed MOXIE’s development, flight software, packaging, and testing prior to launch. Seasonal air The current version of MOXIE is small by design, in order to fit aboard the Perseverance rover, and is built to run for short periods, starting up and shutting down with each run, depending on the rover’s exploration schedule and mission responsibilities. In contrast, a full-scale oxygen factory would include larger units that would ideally run continuously. Despite the necessary compromises in MOXIE’s current design, the instrument has shown it can reliably and efficiently convert Mars’ atmosphere into pure oxygen. It does so by first drawing the Martian air in through a filter that cleans it of contaminants. The air is then pressurized, and sent through the Solid OXide Electrolyzer (SOXE), an instrument developed and built by OxEon Energy, that electrochemically splits the carbon dioxide-rich air into oxygen ions and carbon monoxide. The oxygen ions are then isolated and recombined to form breathable, molecular oxygen, or O2, which MOXIE then measures for quantity and purity before releasing it harmlessly back into the air, along with carbon monoxide and other atmospheric gases. Since the rover’s landing in February 2021, MOXIE engineers have started up the instrument seven times throughout the Martian year, each time taking a few hours to warm up, then another hour to make oxygen before powering back down. Each run was scheduled for a different time of day or night, and in different seasons, to see whether MOXIE could accommodate shifts in the planet’s atmospheric conditions. “The atmosphere of Mars is far more variable than Earth,” Hoffman notes. “The density of the air can vary by a factor of two through the year, and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees. One objective is to show we can run in all seasons.” So far, MOXIE has shown that it can make oxygen at almost any time of the Martian day and year. “The only thing we have not demonstrated is running at dawn or dusk, when the temperature is changing substantially,” Hecht says. “We do have an ace up our sleeve that will let us do that, and once we test that in the lab, we can reach that last milestone to show we can really run any time.” Ahead of the game As MOXIE continues to churn out oxygen on Mars, engineers plan to push its capacity, and increase its production, particularly in the Martian spring, when atmospheric density and carbon dioxide levels are high. “The next run coming up will be during the highest density of the year, and we just want to make as much oxygen as we can,” Hecht says. “So we’ll set everything as high as we dare, and let it run as long as we can.” They will also monitor the system for signs of wear and tear. As MOXIE is just one experiment among several aboard the Perseverance rover, it cannot run continuously as a full-scale system would. Instead, the instrument must start up and shut down with each run — a thermal stress that can degrade the system over time. If MOXIE can operate successfully despite repeatedly turning on and off, this would suggest that a full-scale system, designed to run continuously, could do so for thousands of hours. “To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth, like computers, spacesuits, and habitats,” Hoffman says. “But dumb old oxygen? If you can make it there, go for it — you’re way ahead of the game.” This research was supported, in part, by NASA.

genuinely confuzzled at myself to why i let twenty-one days pass without asking a vbau question. md, i sincerely apologise. (/hj)

anyways. setting the scene, its early morning and outside the windows, rain is thundering against the concrete grounds and the brick walls. how do the gang spend the rainy day? - space :)

hi space welcome back i've missed u!! sorry this took so long, i was gonna treat this ask as a lil writing prompt and then i just. got busy and wasn't really able to do that bc brain is not in creative writing mode (but what else is new lmao)

i am going based off the assumption that the squad don't have any responsibilities for the day (work/practice etc)

finn would love to sleep in, but he is a dog owner and therefore ends up standing in the pouring rain outside his apartment building as his dogs do their business. after that he ends up baking and trying to brush up on his cupcake decorating skills (they are not good), most likely while on video call with either kurt or santana if they're free because he misses spending rainy days with them. he'd probably end the day messing around with the dogs, possibly gaming, or reading for a bit in bed

kurt takes his time getting up but still ends up getting out of bed pretty early bc of his urge to be productive somehow. i think he'd take the opportunity to deep clean the apartment? not that it's particularly dirty but sometimes u gotta, yknow? then he'd spend the evening watching tv with santana (i'm thinking drag race rn bc i have rpdr on the brain often these days but it could be anything)

santana sleeps in. she's probably woken up by clattering in the kitchen or in the bathroom as kurt cleans but she's able to just roll over with a lil grumble. when she does eventually get up, she helps kurt clean a bit, probably gives finn a call to chat and bully him (maybe while playing video games with him? not for long but she does miss doing that with him), and then settles in front of the tv with kurt for the rest of the evening

brittany has been saving a nasa lego set as well as some of their paper models for when she has some free time to just chill and build stuff so she dedicates part of her day to build one of them and listen to music. she also considers doing it on a livestream, actually, but decides against it this time. maybe she'd get inspired to work on her own little spacecraft/rover designs? who knows

sugar takes the opportunity to catch up on schoolwork. she ends up getting restless pretty quickly when she finishes, though so she'd probably end up binging youtube videos or wrangling britt into hanging out with her

quinn spends part of her day just reading. can't tell u what else she does tho bc it veers into spoiler territory so uhh [redacted]

tina also has schoolwork to do* so that's what most of her day gets spent on. once she gets in the zone, she's able to focus for a pretty long time. she might end up taking a break to stress-bake/cook but overall it's just a very study/research-heavy day for her. she would make sure to relax and spend some time on youtube or sth in the evening though

*i haven't actually decided whether tina would take a year off from college for vb or not, because i think it depends in part on whether she could get accommodations to do everything online or not? and also whether she would actually want to spend a year trying to balance studies with her vb schedule or not. so that's all up in the air rn. i suppose the same applies to sug but i think she'd be down to do that considering she's only a junior, as opposed to tina who is a senior and would most likely have a heavier load of schoolwork

Breathe Easier With Indoor Snake Plant : The Easy Care Air Purifying Indoor Plant.

The Indestructible Hero Indoor Snake plant : The Snake Plant, also known as Mother-in-Law’s Tongue or Sansevieria is more than just a houseplant – it’s a statement of effortless style and resilience. Indoor snake plant, the architectural wonder thrives on neglect, making it the perfect companion for busy individuals or anyone who struggles to keep plants alive.

Unparalleled Ease of Indoor Snake Plant Care:

Low-Maintenance Marvel: Forget about daily watering woes! Snake Plants are incredibly forgiving and only require watering when the soil is completely dry.

Adaptable to Light Conditions: Indoor Snake Plants tolerate a wide range of light conditions, from bright, indirect sunlight to low-light corners. They’ll happily adapt to your space, making them ideal for offices, bedrooms, or living areas.

Minimalist Needs: Indoor Snake Plants require minimal attention. They don’t need frequent misting or feeding, making them perfect for forgetful plant parents or those with hectic schedules.

Benefits Beyond Beauty Of Snake Plant

The Snake Plant: A Silent Indoor Warrior for a Greener Earth While the Snake Plant may not be the most flamboyant houseplant, its contribution to the environment extends far beyond its visual appeal. Here’s how this low-maintenance wonder quietly benefits our planet:

Air Purification Powerhouse: Studies by NASA have shown that Snake Plants are exceptional air purifiers. They act as natural filters, absorbing common toxins like formaldehyde, benzene, and trichloroethylene from indoor air. These toxins can be emitted from building materials, cleaning products, and paints. By removing them,Indoor Snake Plants help to create a healthier environment for you and your family, reducing respiratory issues and allergies.

Boosting Indoor Oxygen Levels: Unlike most plants, Indoor Snake Plants perform Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis. This unique process allows them to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen at night, the very time when our bodies need it most during sleep. This translates to a more revitalising environment in your home, especially in bedrooms.

Reduced Environmental Impact: Snake Plants are incredibly resilient and require minimal care. They thrive on neglect, needing infrequent watering and minimal fertiliser. This translates to a lower environmental footprint compared to plants that require frequent watering or harsh chemicals for growth.

Sustainable Choice: Snake Plants are known for their ease of propagation. You can easily divide existing plants or take leaf cuttings to create new ones. This reduces the need for commercially produced plants, which often involve transportation and resource-intensive growing methods.

Stress Reduction: The calming presence of a indoor Snake Plant can promote feelings of tranquility and connection with nature, leading to lower stress levels and improved overall well-being.

Indoor Snake Plant a Symbol of Sustainability: The Snake Plant’s ability to thrive on neglect serves as a gentle reminder of the importance of sustainable living. It encourages us to be mindful of our environmental impact and make conscious choices in our daily lives.

In conclusion, the indoor Snake Plant’s contribution to the Earth goes beyond mere aesthetics. It’s a silent warrior, quietly improving air quality, promoting healthy indoor spaces, and promoting sustainable practices. By adding this low-maintenance wonder to your home, you’re not just bringing a touch of greenery; you’re making a small but meaningful contribution to a greener Earth.

indoor plants for oxygen

Introduction: In today's fast-paced world, where most of us spend the majority of our time indoors, ensuring good air quality within our homes has become increasingly important. Indoor plants for oxygen not only add a touch of greenery but also play a vital role in purifying the air we breathe. If you're looking to boost the oxygen levels in your home while beautifying your living space, here are some excellent oxygen-producing plants to consider.

Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata): The Snake Plant, also known as Mother-in-Law's Tongue, is renowned for its ability to thrive in low light conditions and tolerate neglect. It releases oxygen at night, making it an excellent choice for bedrooms to promote better sleep quality. Additionally, it helps remove toxins such as formaldehyde and benzene from the air, contributing to a healthier indoor environment.

Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum): Spider Plants are popular for their air-purifying qualities and easy maintenance. They are effective at removing common indoor plants for oxygen pollutants like formaldehyde and xylene. With their arching foliage and tiny white flowers, Spider Plants make attractive additions to any room. They thrive in bright, indirect light and prefer evenly moist soil.

Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum spp.): Peace Lilies are not only beautiful with their elegant white flowers but also efficient at purifying indoor air. They are known to remove toxins such as ammonia, benzene, and trichloroethylene. Peace Lilies thrive in low to medium light conditions and prefer consistently moist soil. Keep in mind that they are toxic to pets if ingested.

Areca Palm (Dypsis lutescens): The Areca Palm is a powerhouse when it comes to oxygen production. It ranks among the top air-purifying plants identified by NASA's Clean Air Study. Besides releasing oxygen, Areca Palms effectively remove indoor pollutants such as formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene. They prefer bright, indirect light and well-draining soil.

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller): Aloe Vera is not just a versatile plant for skincare; it also helps improve indoor air quality. This succulent releases oxygen at night and absorbs carbon dioxide, making it beneficial in bedrooms. Aloe Vera plants thrive in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. They require minimal watering, making them suitable for busy households.

Conclusion: Incorporating oxygen-producing plants into your home not only enhances indoor plants for oxygen air quality but also brings a sense of tranquility and beauty to your living space. Consider placing these plants strategically throughout your home to maximize their air-purifying benefits. Remember to provide proper care in terms of watering, light, and occasional grooming to keep your indoor oasis thriving. With these green companions by your side, you can breathe easier and enjoy a healthier, more vibrant home environment.

Conclusion

A hobby so important to my mom, has transformed into something important to me. It is something deeply ingrained in my life and environment. In this blog I have researched how indoor and outdoor gardening is beneficial towards your health by improving air quality, reducing stress, and improving mental health. I hope this blogs showed you the meaningfulness behind plants to me, and also maybe taught you something new. 

Next time you’re at the store, maybe think about buying a plant! It’s an easy and fun way to help improve your health!

.Works Cited

boholifeofjo. “TikTok - Make Your Day.” Www.tiktok.com, 31 May 2022, www.tiktok.com/@boholifeofjo/video/7103974596268870955?_r=1&_t=8kbccUDdrGY. Accessed 26 Mar. 2024.

Egerer, Monika et al. “Gardening can relieve human stress and boost nature connection during               

            the COVID-19 pandemic.” Urban forestry & urban greening vol. 68 (2022): 127483. 

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127483

Gibbens, Sarah. “Why You Should Add Native Plants to Your Garden.” Environment, 21 Apr. 2023, www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/native-plants-garden-lawn-pollinators. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024.

Lee, Min, et al. “Interaction with Indoor Plants May Reduce Psychological and Physiological Stress by Suppressing Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study.” Journal of Physiological Anthropology, vol. 34, no. 1, Apr. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-015-0060-8. Accessed 24 Mar. 2024.

Sanders, Keri. “20 Best Plants for Cleaning Indoor Air.” HGTV, www.hgtv.com/design/remodel/interior-remodel/10-best-plants-for-cleaning-indoor-air-pictures. Accessed 25 Mar. 2024.

Wolverton, B. C., et al. “NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS).” Ntrs.nasa.gov, 15 Sept. 1989, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930073077. Accessed 22 Mar. 2024.

How Many Plants Are Needed for Cleaner Air?

Cleaning the air requires a substantial quantity of plants. In a 1989 NASA study, plants exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air pollution chemicals, demonstrated promising results. The combination of plants, soil, and soil microbes showed the potential to reduce VOC levels in the air. The excitement stemmed from the fact that plants, being more attractive, sustainable, and self-replicating, offered a more appealing solution than conventional air cleaning technologies.

However, upon closer examination of this study conducted over 30 years ago, it becomes apparent that the impact of indoor potted plants on air quality may have been overstated by the authors of the NASA study and a few subsequent researchers. Recent studies suggest that achieving a noticeable difference in air quality would necessitate an impractical number of houseplants.

Interestingly, it seems that indoor spaces require a similar plant density to outdoor environments for effective air purification. However, exceeding 20% visible vegetation indoors might be counterproductive, as it can be visually distracting or overwhelming. This raises questions about the efficiency of using plants as air purifiers indoors. To gain a better understanding, let's delve into current research on how plants interact with various pollutants and determine the quantity needed to effectively purify the air.

Do plants remove VOCs?

A notorious review article published in Nature in 2020, titled "Potted plants do not improve indoor air quality: a review and analysis of reported VOC removal efficiencies," conducted by Bryan Cummings and Michael Waring at Drexel University, scrutinized 196 different VOC removal tests across 12 published papers. Cummings and Waring highlighted several flaws in the methods employed in the reviewed papers, such as utilizing sterile sealed chambers barely accommodating the plant alone and introducing VOCs once, allowing the plant to sit with them. In reality, indoor plants coexist in large rooms with people, furniture, building materials, and ongoing sources of VOCs.

VOC, an acronym for volatile organic compounds, encompasses a broad range of substances that tend to become gases at room temperature. Intense odors from paints, glues, lacquers, and similar products indicate high concentrations of VOCs in the air, along with other potent smells like alcoholic beverages, essential oils, or new synthetic materials. Most households consistently harbor low levels of VOCs from items such as new clothing, furniture, building materials, or cleaning products. While VOCs generally do not cause immediate impacts, prolonged exposure is associated with asthma in children and the formation of potentially more harmful particle pollution. Certain VOCs, like benzene in gasoline, are recognized as carcinogens, sparking considerable interest in finding ways to reduce their presence in homes.

Cummings and Waring identified a broad spectrum of VOC removal rates. The effectiveness of various VOCs varied inconsistently among studies, as did the performance of different plant species. However, they reported that in 196 experiments, plants were capable of purifying an average of 0.062 cubic meters of air per plant per hour, representing approximately 13% of the half cubic meter of air we breathe simultaneously.

To deliver air with significantly reduced pollution, a plant would have to purify a quantity of air several times greater than what a person breathes. However, plants do exhibit some influence, contingent on factors such as their size, leaf shape, and individual characteristics. Therefore, let's delve into studies focusing on a few specific species.

What is the extent of air pollution removal by arrowhead plants?

In a particular study, a small chamber containing an arrowhead plant was injected with enough benzene to elevate the concentration to 250 times the recommended safety limit. The chamber was subsequently sealed for eight days. The arrowhead plant, along with its soil, managed to purify approximately 1% of a cubic foot or just over a third of a liter of air per hour. Interestingly, the purification rate decreased by half when the arrowhead plant was placed in water alone, indicating that a significant portion of the removal process was attributed to the soil and the microorganisms present in it.

How much pollution do Ficus plants remove?

A researcher exposed Ficus plants to formaldehyde at approximately ten times the recommended safety limit for a duration of five hours, along with a relatively safe quantity of toluene and xylene for 24 hours. The experiment took place in a medium-sized chamber (one square meter). Interestingly, various Ficus species performed well in removing the substantial amount of formaldehyde, reaching levels around 10 cubic feet or 300 liters per hour. It remains unclear whether these results are applicable to the significantly lower levels commonly found in households or if they are adequate to mitigate the impact of formaldehyde.

Ficus benjamina, the species employed for formaldehyde removal, exhibited more than a 25-fold increase in formaldehyde removal compared to Mini. While Ficus plants may indeed have the capability to sufficiently reduce formaldehyde levels, it's important to note that plants can incorporate airborne formaldehyde into their metabolisms, possibly due to its simplicity and small size. Placing a few potted Ficus or other plants in the vicinity might contribute to lowering formaldehyde concentrations, particularly during daylight hours when they are actively photosynthesizing.

Utilizing Ficus benghalensis for toluene and xylene removal proved to be less effective, with Mini demonstrating a speed approximately 600 times faster in this regard.

The plants' metabolisms either lacked a purpose for the larger and more complex toluene, xylene, or benzene molecules, or they couldn't eliminate them as rapidly for some other unknown reason.

Plants and particle pollution

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent just one facet of air pollution. Plants have undergone testing to assess their capacity for particle removal, such as those originating from smoke or exhaust. Particle pollution differs from VOC and other gaseous pollutants because particles are generally larger than individual gas molecules and can carry more free radicals and other reactive substances that interact with the body, causing damage.

Unlike formaldehyde, plants cannot absorb particles for utilization. Instead, they eliminate particles by retaining them on the surface of their leaves. Most research on plants and particle removal focuses on the total surface area of a plant's leaves. Other factors, such as leaves with more wax or rougher textures, are also crucial, as they can enhance the plant's ability to retain particles.

A medium-sized fern or spider plant, with their numerous long leaves, provides a substantial surface area for houseplants, totaling around 1,200 square centimeters. In comparison, our lungs possess an internal surface area ranging from 50 to 75 square meters, approximately 500 times larger. Our lungs continuously draw in air using the power of diaphragm muscles, a capacity plants do not possess. Likewise, the dense array of fibers in an air filter offers extensive surface area for trapping particles.

How much pollution do spider plants remove?

In an experiment where spider plants were placed in various occupied rooms for two months, it was observed that the leaves accumulated approximately 2-4 times the weight of particles per area compared to aluminum plates in the same rooms, indicating their efficacy, although not a complete solution. The air quality in these rooms remains unknown, but the maximum amount of particles accumulated on each spider plant was approximately 20 micrograms per square centimeter of leaf. With a spider plant having around 2,000 square centimeters of leaves, this amounts to 50,000 micrograms per plant over the course of two months (for comparison, an aspirin tablet weighs between 300,000-500,000 micrograms).

At a moderate Air Quality Index (AQI) level of 100, a small 250 square foot room contains approximately 9,000 micrograms of inhalable particles (PM10). If the pollution source is external, particle pollution will be exchanged at a maximum rate of once per hour or every fifteen minutes if the window is open.

In comparison to the overall volume of particles in the air, a spider plant doesn't significantly impact the air quality. It contributes just slightly less than the fraction of smaller particles that deposit in your lungs and accounts for around 1% of the particles entering a home from outside. In contrast, the Molekule Air Mini demonstrated the removal of 89% of dust particles in a small chamber within approximately 20 minutes.

Despite their limited impact on air quality, spider plants have aesthetic appeal and are easy to propagate, making them a viable addition to your home. Moreover, as long as the soil is not moldy, they do not worsen air quality. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that they can remove formaldehyde in one study, although the full data from the authors has not been publicly disclosed.

Analyzing the particle deposition data mentioned above provides insights into how the presence of other plant species might contribute to particle removal.

How much pollution do aloe vera and other succulents remove?

In the study assessing spider plants and their efficacy in removing formaldehyde, it was noted that spider plants outperformed aloe vera in this regard. However, without access to the data, the extent of this difference remains uncertain.

We can make an approximation of the number of particles that might settle on it. A fully grown 6-month old aloe vera plant in standard soil typically has approximately 12 elongated leaves, each spanning about 600 square centimeters. Since the leaves stand upright, let's assume that all 7,200 square centimeters are effective in capturing particles. Plants exhibit considerable variation in their ability to capture particles, with the most efficient ones capable of capturing approximately 75 micrograms per cubic centimeter. For the sake of optimism, let's assume that aloe vera captures particles at this optimal rate.

Even if aloe vera demonstrated exceptional prowess in capturing particles, its ability falls short of making a significant impact on pollution removal. At most, it would eliminate particles at a rate akin to that of a person who is out of breath.

While plants offer various benefits and contribute minimally to air cleaning, they cannot be equated to the efficiency of an air purifier or the effectiveness of proper ventilation.

Effective Health Benefits & Uses of Aloe Vera

Aloe Vera, a Succulent Plant Revered for Centuries, Has Stood as a Symbol of Healing and Rejuvenation Across Cultures. Its Gel-like Substance, Extracted From Its Thick, Spiky Leaves, Holds Many Benefits for Skin, Health, and Beyond.

Benefits of Aloe Vera:

1. Hydrating Skin: Aloe Vera's Moisture-retaining Abilities Effectively Hydrate the Skin, Providing Relief to Dryness and Assisting in the Healing of Minor Burns and Cuts. 2. Reducing Inflammation: Its Innate Anti-inflammatory Properties Work Wonders in Reducing Redness and Inflammation Associated With Skin Conditions Like Acne and Eczema. 3. Hair Health: Aloe Vera Contributes to Healthier Hair by Aiding in Combating Dandruff, Supporting Hair Growth, and Fortifying Hair Follicles When Used in Hair Treatments. 4. Gut Health: Consuming Aloe Vera Juice Can Aid Digestion, Relieve Stomach Irritation, and Support Gastrointestinal Well-being. 5. Boosting Immunity: Abundant in Antioxidants, Aloe Vera Serves as an Immune System Booster, Aiding the Body in Combatting Infections and Promoting Overall Health. 6. Joint Support Supplement: Simply Herbal Joint Care Capsules Improve the Joint Structure, Promote Flexibility, and Preserve Joint Tissue While Enhancing Joint Mobility.

Faqs'

Q: How Can Aloe Vera Be Used for Sunburns? A: Applying Aloe Vera Gel on Sunburned Skin Offers Relief. Its Soothing and Anti-inflammatory Properties Calm the Affected Area, Aiding in the Healing Process.

Q: How Can Aloe Vera Benefit Hair Health? A: Aloe Vera Contributes to Hair Health by Promoting Hydration, Combating Dandruff, and Strengthening Hair Follicles. Applying Aloe Vera Gel or Incorporating It Into Hair Treatments Can Foster a Healthier Mane.

Q: Are There Other Uses for Aloe Vera Besides Skincare? A: Indeed, Aloe Vera is a Versatile Plant. Apart From Skincare, It is Utilized in Various Products, Including Beverages, Cosmetics, and Textiles. Its Applications Extend Beyond the Realm of Beauty and Skincare.

Interesting Tidbits About Aloe Vera:

Historical Significance: Aloe Vera Was Revered by Ancient Egyptians as the "Plant of Immortality," Integrated Into Their Beauty Regimens and Embalming Practices. Nasa's Study: Aloe Vera Participated in Nasa's Clean Air Study and is Recognized for Its Air-purifying Capabilities, Eliminating Indoor Toxins. Versatility in Use: Beyond Skincare, Aloe Vera Finds Application in Diverse Products, Spanning Beverages, Cosmetics, and Textiles.

In Conclusion, Aloe Vera Stands as a Versatile and Potent Natural Remedy Offering an Array of Benefits for Skin, Health, and Beyond. Its Adaptability and Healing Properties Have Made It a Staple in Many Households, Serving as a Testament to the Wonders of Nature's Gifts. Incorporating Aloe Vera Into Your Routine Might Just Be the Refreshing Addition You've Been Seeking for a Healthier Lifestyle.

GMO PLANTS VS AVATA AIR PURIFIERS

At Avata, we are on a relentless quest to improve indoor air quality, driven by the latest scientific innovations. Recently, there have been exciting developments in alternative purification methods, where some organizations are genetically enhancing plants to supercharge their air-cleaning capabilities. While this presents promise, we firmly believe that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) aren't quite ready to replace air purifiers like AVATA just yet.

When we think of plants as natural air purifiers, we typically associate them with absorbing CO2 and releasing oxygen. But there's more to the story. Plants possess a remarkable ability to store elements such as carbon and nitrogen in their roots and soil, a process known as sequestration. This natural mechanism plays a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance.

However, there's a challenge: 

out of the vast 36 billion tons of carbon emissions into the atmosphere by humans annually, only 25% is sequestered in terrestrial ecosystems. This indicates that non-GMO plants are unlikely to effectively combat carbon-based contaminants like VOC gases in our homes or offices.

Plants as Air Purifiers

Now, picture modifying these natural sequestration abilities to make plants more efficient air purifiers. Researchers at the University of Washington have delved into this territory by genetically altering plants to enhance their VOC gas-removal capabilities. They've even encoded a protein found in mammalian livers, the same protein that metabolizes alcohol in human bodies.

The outcome? These GMO plants can indeed remove more chloroform and benzene from the air compared to their non-modified counterparts. Nevertheless, for this approach to be efficient in air purification, a substantial number of plants must be consolidated in one area, creating a 'sink.' Directed airflow is also essential to blow VOCs across their path since plants are passive air purifiers. While this shows promise, many experts remain cautious about the practicality of GMO plants significantly improving indoor air quality.

The Emerging GMO Plant Market

Despite the challenges, an innovative French biotech startup has entered the GMO plant market with a unique solution. They've introduced the 'GMO Pothos,' claiming it to be the first houseplant genetically engineered to remediate indoor air pollution. This high-tech pothos is photogenic, fast-growing, and resilient. What's remarkable is its ability to metabolize indoor air pollutants often missed by filter-based air purifiers, such as VOC gases from paint, gas stoves, and building materials.

The startup employs a two-fold system to combat pollutants. 

First, they modify the plant's metabolism.

Second, bacterial microbes in the pot work on converting BTEX pollutants into sugars and amino acids. It's a promising approach, but here's the catch: only 30% of the GMO plant's air-cleaning capacity is attributed to the GMO Pothos. The bacterial microbes and possibly biochar in the pot do the heavy lifting.

So, does it actually work? In theory, yes. However, field tests have yet to yield consistent results, and multiple GMO plants are needed to effectively treat a space.

The Future of GMO Purification

The desire for air-purifying plants dates back to a 1989 NASA study. While the study's results may have been somewhat misrepresented, the demand for purifying plants remains. However, the real challenge for products like GMO plants is practicality when compared to traditional air purifiers.

We eagerly anticipate a future where various purification technologies work together harmoniously to eliminate harmful contaminants from the air. While we're on that path, there's still a long journey ahead. If you're seeking an air purifier that targets bacteria, viruses, mold, VOC gases, and particulate matter, consider devices equipped with HEPA filters and zebox technology like AVATA AIR PURIFIER. 

These devices have been proven to reduce a wide range of contaminants, offering a reliable solution for improving indoor air quality.

In conclusion, while the scientific exploration of genetically modified plants for air purification shows promise, there are substantial challenges to address before they can replace traditional air purifiers. The inherent limitations in the sequestration abilities of non-GMO plants and the need for directed airflow for effective air cleaning remain significant hurdles.

An emerging French biotech startup has ventured into the GMO plant market with a promising solution, the 'GMO Pothos.' This plant demonstrates the potential for enhanced indoor air pollution remediation. However, practicality and consistency in real-world applications are areas that need further exploration.

The desire for air-purifying plants has its roots in a 1989 NASA study, but it's important to scrutinize the practicality of these plants when compared to traditional air purifiers. While the future may hold exciting advancements in air purification technologies, we currently recommend devices equipped with HEPA filters as a reliable solution for improving indoor air quality.

In the pursuit of cleaner and healthier indoor environments, it's crucial to continue exploring innovative solutions while maintaining a realistic understanding of their effectiveness in real-world scenarios. The journey toward cleaner air is ongoing, and there is much yet to discover.

BEST INDOOR PLANTS FOR PURIFYING INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

We spend most of our time indoors; hence prioritizing our indoor environment is most important for overall health. According to a Nasa clean air study, indoor plants can reduce the pollutants in the air.

Chinese Evergreen: A Natural Air Purifier

In today's world, indoor air pollution is a concern that affects our health and well-being. To combat this issue, many believe in the air-purifying abilities of certain plants, and one such contender is the Chinese Evergreen, also known as Aglaonema.

Endorsed by NASA as an indoor air purifier, the Chinese Evergreen has become popular for its potential to create a healthier living environment in homes and offices alike. In this article, we'll delve into how the Chinese Evergreen works as an air purifier and its benefits in making the air we breathe cleaner and safer.

Recommended by NASA

The Chinese Evergreen, or Red Aglaonema, is on NASA's list of recommended plants for their air-purifying qualities. Through their Clean Air Study, NASA found that specific houseplants can effectively remove harmful indoor pollutants, leading to cleaner and safer air for inhabitants.

The Chinese Evergreen, in particular, has been proven to eliminate pollutants like formaldehyde, benzene, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a natural process called phytoremediation.

Abundant Oxygen Emission

The Chinese Evergreen stands out as an excellent air purifier due to its ability to emit a significant amount of oxygen. With its large leaf surface area, this plant produces more oxygen compared to other indoor plants. Increased oxygen levels in indoor spaces promote a healthier atmosphere and contribute to a sense of overall well-being.

The Power of Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation is a natural process wherein certain plants can absorb, detoxify, and eliminate harmful pollutants from the air and soil. The Chinese Evergreen excels in this process, absorbing pollutants like formaldehyde, benzene, and VOCs through its roots and leaves.

These harmful substances are then transformed into harmless elements, making the air cleaner and safer for everyone indoors.

Enhanced Indoor Air Quality

Having Chinese Evergreen plants in your home or office can lead to improved indoor air quality. Reduced levels of indoor pollutants can help alleviate respiratory problems, allergies, and other health issues related to poor air quality. Breathing cleaner air can also boost productivity and overall well-being, creating a more comfortable living and working environment.

Low-Maintenance Solution

The Chinese Evergreen offers the added advantage of being low-maintenance. It is a resilient plant that can thrive in various indoor conditions with minimal care. Regular watering and indirect light are usually sufficient to keep the plant healthy and its air-purifying abilities active.

Conclusion

The Chinese Evergreen, or Red Aglaonema, is indeed an effective indoor air purifier, backed by NASA's recommendation and its proficiency in phytoremediation. By introducing this beautiful and easy-to-care-for plant into your living or working space, you can create a healthier environment and enjoy the benefits of cleaner air.

However, it's important to remember that while plants like the Chinese Evergreen can contribute to better air quality, they should be seen as a complement to proper ventilation and regular air circulation in indoor spaces. So, go ahead and embrace the natural air-purifying power of the Chinese Evergreen for a fresher and healthier living experience.

Doctoral dissertation questions a prevailing perception related to dust devils on Mars Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, fascinates people in many ways. For atmospheric researchers it is an interesting subject as Mars is the most Earth-like planet of our solar system. Since 1976, probes landed on Mars have collected information on its dynamic weather phenomena. In his doctoral dissertation at Aalto University, Henrik Kahanpää studied measurements of the atmospheric pressure on Mars, important not only for modeling the atmosphere of Mars but also for understanding the conditions of other planets. "The climate change has increased the need for modeling the atmosphere of the Earth. The ultimate test for verifying the validity of Earth's climate models is comparing them to models of another planet. Models of planetary atmospheres are also valuable in assessing the conditions of exoplanets found outside our solar system," says Kahanpää and admits that pure curiosity inspired him to study Mars. "It is no coincidence that the rover sent to Mars by NASA in 2011 and still performing measurements there is called Curiosity." Finnish know-how for Mars measurements Kahanpää's doctoral studies began while he was working at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. There he was involved in the development of the pressure instrument of the Curiosity rover. The Finnish Meteorological Institute also provided a pressure instrument for NASA's Phoenix probe which landed on Mars in 2008. These instruments are based on Barocap sensor heads developed by the Finnish company Vaisala Oyj. Although these are the most accurate meteorological instruments sent outside the Earth, all measurements are affected by uncertainties, especially under harsh and unexpected conditions such as on Mars. Kahanpää investigated uncertainty sources affecting these pressure measurements and developed correction algorithms to compensate for them. The results have been utilized in the development of the pressure instrument of NASA's Perseverance rover operating currently on Mars. The dissertation showed that the surface atmospheric pressure of another celestial body can be measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.5% by these instruments. "Comparison of the corrected pressure measurements of the Phoenix probe to the measurements of NASA's Viking landers revealed that no measureable changes have taken place in the Martian climate between the 1970s and 2008." Dust devils Lifting dust into the atmosphere, dust devils are important for the research of the Martian climate. They can have diameters exceeding one kilometer and be over ten kilometers high, although usually they are much smaller. "On Earth, weak dust devils spin autumn leaves on parking lots, while strong dust devils resemble tornados. In the thin air of Mars, dust devils are a more significant phenomenon as dust lifted from the planet's surface has a huge impact on the atmospheric flows of Mars." Dust storms lift dust into the Martian atmosphere when the planet is closest to the sun. However, the atmosphere is dusty also when Mars is farthest away from the sun. Dust devils have been suspected to be the explanation. Kahanpää's research questions this prevailing perception. "I sought for signs of vortices in the weather measurements of Curiosity and found out that only a few of the vortices were strong enough to raise dust. Indeed, according to recent studies it seems that also other small-scale phenomena, such as slope winds, are able to lift a lot of dust into the Martian atmosphere." Information about the dust devils is important for the planning of future Mars landing sites as they significantly impact equipment on the planet's surface. The dust devils can also be beneficial for Mars landers as they may clean up solar panels of probes. Because of this, NASA's rover Spirit survived on the surface for much longer than planned.